Worksheet T2 (Eighth Grade )

Student Name: ______________________________

Date: ____________________

1. Define the following terms:

a. Work:

b. Energy:

c. Potential Energy:

d. Kinetic Energy:

2. Explain the relationship between work and energy. If work is done on an object, what
happens to its energy?

3. A child pushes a 10 kg box with a force of 20 N for 5 meters. Calculate the work done.

4. A 1000 kg car travels at a speed of 20 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the car.

5. Calculate the kinetic energy of a set of two particles having m1 = 4 kg and m2 = 5 kg

7. Use energy to find the work done by the brakes in bringing a 730-kg Smart Car to a rest
in 80. meters if its starting speed is 32 m/s.

8. Practice of conservation of energy: To develop this activity you will need to open the
Gizmo simulation called inclined plane- sliding objects

Instructions:
Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity A:
 Click Reset.
Potential and
 Check that Ramp 1 is a Frictionless ramp.
kinetic energy
 Check that the Angle of Ramp 1 is 60°.

Introduction: Potential energy is energy of position or shape. In this Gizmo, the block at the top
of the ramp has gravitational potential energy, which is equal to the product of the block’s
weight and height: GPE = wh. The weight of an object is equal to the product of its mass and
gravitational acceleration, which is 9.8 m/s2 on Earth’s surface. So, GPE = 9.8 m/s2·m·h.

Question: How is potential energy converted into kinetic energy?

 Predict: As the block slides down the ramp, how do you expect the gravitational potential
energy and kinetic energy of the block to change?

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 Observe: Select the ENERGY tab, and turn on Show values. Click Play.

A. What happens to the potential energy (PE) over time? ________________________

B. What happens to the kinetic energy (KE) over time? _________________________

C. Click Reset. Click Play, and then click Pause ( ) when the block is about halfway
down the plane. What is the sum of the potential and kinetic energy percentages?

PE %: __________ KE %: __________ PE % + KE %: __________

Time. Click Play. What do you notice? __________________________________________

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 Confirm: Repeat the experiment with ramps of varying steepness. Does the same pattern
hold true? Explain.

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This demonstrates the law of conservation of energy, which states that in a closed system,
energy is neither created nor destroyed.

 Manipulate: The kinetic energy (KE) of an object is equal to half of its mass (m) multiplied by
the square of its velocity (v):
1
KE= mv 2
2
Rearrange the terms in this equation to solve for velocity:

v=

 Demonstrate: If you know an object’s mass and height, you can determine its gravitational
potential energy. You can then use conservation of energy to determine the object’s kinetic
energy when it slides to the bottom of a frictionless ramp. Finally, you can determine the
object’s final velocity because you know its kinetic energy and mass.

Click Reset. In the Gizmo, the object has a mass of 1 kg and an initial height of 1 m.

A. What is the initial gravitational potential energy of the block? ___________________

B. Based on conservation of energy, what will be the kinetic energy of the block when it

gets to the bottom? ___________________

C. What will be the final velocity of the block? __________

Show your work:

D. Click Play and select the TABLE tab. What is the block’s final velocity? __________
 E. How does this experiment demonstrate conservation of energy? ________________

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 Think and discuss: Why doesn’t the steepness of a frictionless ramp affect the velocity of the
block at the bottom of the ramp? (Hint: Discuss conservation of energy in your answer.)

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9. A skateboarder starts at the top of a ramp with an initial potential energy of 300 J. As the
skateboarder goes down the ramp, 150 J of potential energy is converted into kinetic
energy. Determine the final kinetic energy of the skateboarder at the bottom of the
ramp.

10. Define momentum and the conservation of it

11. Provide an example of an inelastic collision elastic and inelastic collisions.

12. A 10 kg ball moves at a speed of 5 m/s. What is the momentum of the ball?

13. Define Distance and Displacement

14. Explain the Difference Between Speed and Velocity

15. Draw a position-time graph for an object moving at a constant speed.

17. A car accelerates from rest at a rate of 2 m/s^2 for 5 s. What will be the car's final
velocity?

18. An object moves with a constant acceleration of 3 m/s^2. If it starts from rest, what will
be its position after 8s?

19. An airplane takes off with an acceleration of 4 m/s^2. How long will it take for the
airplane to reach a velocity of 320 m/s from rest?

20. A cyclist accelerates at 1.5 m/s^2 for 12. What will be the total displacement of the
cyclist at the end of this time?

21. A car travels with an initial velocity of 30 m/s and decelerates at 2 m/s^2. How long will
it take for the car to come to a complete stop?

22. Imagine you throw a ball vertically upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 15
m/s. Calculate the time the ball will take to reach its highest point and its maximum
position.