A Project Report

on
“Industrial Visits”

Under the Subject

“Business Exposure”

By

Rajat Kashinath Bhandare

TY BBA-IB
(Academic Year 2023-2024)

Submitted To

Savitribai Phule Pune University In the partial

fulfillment of
Bachelor of Business Administration ( International Business )

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Rushikesh Palsapkar

At
PES’s
Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous
(Business Administration Campus)
Shivajinagar, Pune 411005

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that has successfully

completed Business Exposure Project Report towards partial fulfillment of TY
BBA-IB.

Prof. Prof. (Dr.) M.D. Alandikar

Subject Teacher Vice- Principal

Internal Examiner External Examiner

2
 DECLARATION

I _student of TY BBA-IB Div, hereby

declare that this report on Industrial Visits conducted for the subject ‘Business
Exposure (19BaBIBU507)’ is my original work. The information and data given in this
report is authentic to the best of my knowledge.

Student’s name and signature

Class & Division
Roll No. (Enrolment No.)
Place
Date

3
 Acknowledgement

I Rajat Kashinath Bhandare extend my sincere and deep gratitude to all those who
contributed to the successful completion of my project.
I express my deepest gratitude to my Project Guide Prof. Rushikesh Palsapkar for his
kind support for due completion of the project.
I am thankful to Prof. (Dr.) M. D. Alandikar, Vice-Principal, Modern College of Arts,
Science & Commerce (Autonomous), Business Administration Campus, for his
constant encouragement and support towards gainful industrial visits.
My deep sense of gratitude towards Prof. Dr. Neha Dixit, H.O.D. BBA-IB Department,
for her inspiring and extensive support.
I also express my gratitude towards other faculty members for their support.

Student’s name and signature

Class & Division
Roll No. (Enrolment No.)
Place
Date

1
 INDEX

SR.NO. TOPIC PAGE

NO.

1 Introduction 1
Of Industrial
Visit

2 Objectives Of 2
Industrial
Visit

3 JNPT 3 to
16

4 Kotling 17 to
Enterprises 29

5 Ajay 30 to
Enterprises 35

6 Namo India 36 to
42

7 Bibliography 43

2
Introduction of Industrial Visit :

Industrial visit is considered as one of the tactical methods of teaching. The main
reason behind this- it lets student to know things practically through interaction,
working methods and employment practices. Moreover, it gives exposure from
academic point of view. Main aim industrial visit is to provide an exposure to students
about practical working environment .They also provide students a good opportunity to
gain full awareness about industrial practices. Through industrial visit students get
awareness about new technologies. Technology development is a main factor, about
which a students should have a good knowledge. Visiting different companies actually
help students to build a good relationship with those companies. We know building
relationship with companies always will always help to gain a good job in future. After
visiting an industry students can gain a combined knowledge about both theory and
practical. Students will be more concerned about earning a job after having an industrial
visit

 The purpose of visit to JNPT is to understand the functioning of the ports how the
exporting and importing processes are carried out practically as the students have an
image in there mind by studying all the theoretical aspects of an buying and selling
processure of goods an services globally .

1
Objectives of Industrial Visit :

1) To provide real-world exposure to industrial operations

2) To enhance the understanding of theoretical concepts through practical

application

3) To facilitate interaction with professionals to bridge the gap between academic

knowledge and industry practices

4) To learn and experience current business world

5) To analyze the present organizational behaviour and business environment

6) To analyze the effect of the ethics and values in enhancing effectiveness of

the organization

7) To analyze various measures necessary for gearing up of business

8) To understand the process

9) To experience chemistry at work

10) To become aware of the role of different people in an organization

11) To become aware of career opportunities

12) To recognize the need for health and safety in the workplace

To focus students on specific aspects of their studies

2
3
 INDUSTRY NO.: 1

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT

TRUST
Sheva, Tal. Uran, Navi Mumbai - 400007.

4
 COMPANY PROFILE

 Commissioned on 26 th May 1989

 Located at 18 degrees 56' 43" (latitude) & 72 degrees 56'24' E (longitude)
 Land Area: 2584 Hectares
 Handles containers, liquid bulk & cement ships.
 in three decades of its operations, JNPT has transformed from a bulk- cargo
terminal to become the premier container port in the country.
 Ranked 24th among top 100 container ports in the world.
 Handles about 60% of total containers handled by all Major Ports in India.
 JNPT is connected to over 200 ports in the world and is ranked 33rd in the list
of top 100 Container Ports globally.
 Currently JNPT operates five container terminals:
1) The Jawaharlal Nehru Port Container Terminal (JNPCT)
2) Nhava Sheva International Container Terminal (NSICT)
3) Gateway Terminals India Pvt. Ltd. (GTIPL)
4) Nhava Sheva International Gateway Terminal (NSIGT),
5) newly commissioned Bharat Mumbai Container Terminals Private Limited
(BMCT).

Board of Management

SHRI SANJAY SETHI, IAS

CHAIRMAN, JNPT || 1

SHRI UNMESH SHARAD WAGH, IRS

DEPUTY CHAIRMAN, JNPT || 2

SHRI VIDYADHAR A. MALEGAONKAR, IRTS

CHIEF VIGILANCE OFFICER || 3

5
 INTRODUCTION
"Where India's Trade lines converge with the worlds"

Jawaharlal Nehru Port is a port in Maharashtra, India that borders the Arabian Sea.
The sea port is named after the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru.
The port is run by the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, an organization entrusted with the
operations of the large shipping port in Navi Mumbai, India and controlled by the
Central Government of India.
The port lies on the mainland, opposite the city of Mumbai across the Thane Creek.
The port was created to augment the shipping capacity in Mumbai and provide an
alternative to merchants wanting to save octroi charges imposed by the Brihan Mumbai
Municipal Corporation.
JNPT also has daily ferry service to Gateway of India.
The Central Industrial Security Force is the designated security agency for the port.

6
It is well connected to major highways and rail networks in India.
The closest suburban railheads are CBD Belapur and Panvel.
The port handles 65% of India's container traffic has a berthing period of 37 hours
which is considered to be very long.
GTl one of the three container terminals in JNPT has set national record for berth
productivity of 235.92 moves/hour on 25th Jan 2010 on vessel
M.V EVER RACER (WCIX service).
The entire operation was performed in just 13 hours and 10 minutes, during which 3295
moves (4136 teus) were performed.
The seaport was built to mitigate pressure of the port of Mumbai in proper and has three
terminals: a. JNPCT
b. NSICT
c. Gateway Terminal India PVT LTD (GTI)

VISION:
 To be recognized as India's premier container port providing integrated logistics
to the best interest of trade and customers.

MISSION:

The port is committed to meeting the needs and expectations of its customers through:
 Equipping itself with state -of-the-art equipment and technology and efficient,
professional and computer integrated terminal operation system.
 Conforming to international standards and offering competitive rates.

 Ensuring security and safety of life, equipment and cargo.

 Perceiving the principles of sustainable development.

 Courtesy to customers.

7
Facilities
1) Gateway terminals India private ltd:

Gateway Terminal India is a Joint Venture between APM terminals and the
container Corporation of India Ltd (CONCOR) incorporated in July, 2004. GTl is
located on the west coast of India at NhavaSheva across the bay of the Mumbai & as
well connected to major & minor ICD locations & CFS's through Rail & Road which
facilities smooth flow of cargo.
Recently GTI has added two new Quay Cranes & has just put to use new yard
space & 11 additional eco-friendly RTG's. GTI ensures the most efficient and reliable
operations in the port by employing state of the art equipment and building world class
infrastructure in all areas. GT is committed to highest standards by providing safety
training for their customers, stake holders & passionately supporting a safety culture all
over the terminal.

The structure of GTI:

• Rail Mounted Quay Cranes: 10 no's (Post-Panamax, 18 wide reach)
• Rubber Tyred Gantry Cranes: 40 ( for yard operations)
• Rail Mounted Gantry Cranes : 3 (for rail transfers)
• Reach Stackers :2
• Empty Handlers : 2
• Tractor – Trailers 90
• Fork Lifts (small) 4
• Twin Lift Spreaders 61 mt rated load

8
2) JNPCT :

Jawaharlal Nehru port container terminal is managed by JNPT.

• Three berths (Linear quay length of 680 Meters)

• Can handle third generation container vessels.
• Rail Mounted Quay Cranes - (RMQC): 8
• Post Panamax - 6 No.
• Super Post Panamax - 2 No
• Rubber Tyred Gantry Cranes - (RTGC): 18 numbers
• Rail Mounted Gantry Cranes - (RMGC): 5 numbers.
• Present capacity: 6, 00,000 TEUs per annum.
• Main Container yard: 35 hectares (30,000 TEUs capacity)
• Additional paved area: 1, 80,000 square meters.
• Reach stackers: 10 numbers.
• Tractor Trailers: 120 numbers.
• Forklifts: 3 numbers.
• Reefer slots: 280 numbers.

 LIQUID CARGO JETTY:-

BPCL-Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

A license on BOT basis was awarded To M/s. Bharat Petroleum Corporation limited and
MIs.Indian Oil Corporation Limited in August 1999 for construction of a twin-berth
liquid cargo jetty. The twin berth liquid cargo jetty is functional from March 2002.
9
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited and IOC Limited on BOT (Build, operate and
Transfer) basis for handling liquid cargo.300 meters long and 40.5 meters, wide Jetty.
The dredged draught on seaside is 13.5 meters and 12 meters on shore side. Three dock
lines are provided for White and Black Oils. It has capacity of Capacity5.5 million
tonnes per annum.

Since the commissioning of the Liquid Cargo Jetty in June 2002, Port achieved for
the first time, a record throughput of 5.87 Million Tonnes of liquid cargo during the
Financial Year 2008-09, which is in excess of its de sign capacity of 5.5 Million Tones

1) Shallow Draught berth :-

A 445 Long Shallow Draught Berth for vessels upto 170 meters LOA and contane
meters rayuk Foremer, rinter ar manetia, Sugareto. & General Cargo vessels with a
capacity addition of about 1.2 million tons per annum.

10
 CFS (Container Freight station):

More than 40% of up-country cargo is being transported to Container Freight Stations
(CFSs) for carting; is containerized at CFS and transported to JNPT for loading on the
vessels at JNPCT, NSICT and GTI. The various CFSs including the details of CFSs
around JN Port are as follows:

CFS Estimated Capacity

1) JNP-CWC 60,000
2) CWC-Kalamboli 48,000
3) CWC-D'Node 90,000
4) MAERSK 90,000
5) CONWARE 72,000
6) GATEWAY 1,80,000
DISTRIPARK
7) CONCOR DRT 72,000
8) BALMER LAWRIE 75,000
9) CWC Distripark 60,000
10) Sea bird Marine Service 50,000
11) Trans India 40,000
12) ULA 25,000
13) Maharashtra State 36,000
Warehousing Corporation

All the above CFS Operators facilitate stuffing and destuffing for quick turnaround of
containers to catch the vessels and reduce the inventory cost for the shipping lines.

11
5)ICD (Inland Container Depot):

JNPT also provides the transport facility to their customers. They provide two modes :

By Road: the road is directly connected to National Highway and State Highway.
By Rail: they have constructed their own Rail-tracks from the Port to Panvel.

The major exported produces at JNPT seaport are:

 Knitted t-shirts
 Sportingproduct
 Cotton shirts
 Carpets
 Embroidery
 Frozen meat

12
The major imported products at JNPT seaport are:
Chemicals
Machinery
Plastics
Vegetable oils
Electronic
Aluminum
Non-ferrous

SERVICES
MARINE SERVICES

Pilotage:
The port provides round the clock pilotage to all ocean going vessels calling the port

Night Navigation:
Since February 1998, JNPT has launched night sailing of long Panamax Container
Vessels upto 270 M LOA and 12 M draft on a regular basis which are largest vessels to
transact the Mumbai Harbor at night.
Vessel Traffic Management System Regular co-ordination of vessel movement is
being carried out through collection, verification, organization and dissemination of
information through this system.
Anti Pollution measures:
The pollution control cell carries out regular inspection and control checks on all vessels
entering the port.

13
FUTURE PLANS/ PROJECTS:

Development of a standalone container handling facility with a quay length of

330m towards North at JNPT, estimated cost is Rs. 600.0 crore

Development of Fourth Terminal and Marine Chemical Terminal

(a) Development of 4" Terminal Phase -I and Replicating BPCL jetty, estimated cost-
Rs. 4100.00 core
(b) Development of Container Terminal Phase-ll, estimated cost- Rs.
2600.0 core.

Deepening and widening of main harbor channel and JN Port channel for
accommodating up to 14 m draught (i.e. 6000 TEUs capacity) vessels by making use of
tidal window, estimated cost- Rs. 800.00 core.

Port's Rail Connectivity from Panvel to Port

Doubling of Rail Track from Panvel to Port, estimated cost- Rs. 60.0 crore
Other railways works like doubling of track to terminal 1,2,3; constructions of
additional railway lines at Vasai Yard Construction of sorting yard , Merry go round
linkage in JN Port, estimated cost – Rs.93.00 crore.

14
OBSERVATION :

They have acquired systematic process/ activities for easy and comfortable.
They also have cleaned area inside the port.
They handled the goods carefully without making any damages to the product.
They try to give best service to their customers by efficient working.
They work for 24 hrs.
There are 2000 people employed within 1700 are on physical handling while 300 are for
office work. (approx.)

RECOMMENDATION:
15
They should reduce the complicated procedure of importing and exporting of goods.
They should adopt new technologies and provide more facilities to their customers.
For reduction in time they must have take attention to look forward for more terminals.
They should provide safety equipments to workers who are handling and working in the
port area and the visitors also.

Conclusion:
16
• Growth of container traffic at JNPT has been moderate since 2013 when compared to
the previous years. While overall slowdown of world economy is a factor, other factors
like congestion at JN port might have contributed to this.

• Some of the container traffic growth witnessed in Gujarat ports is at the expense of
JNPT.

• These losses in container traffic might continue in the near future because of the
factors like low percentage of transport of containers to/from JN port using railway or
higher time taken to connect DFC up to Mumbai when compared to Gujarat.

• Even though JNPT has been able to reduce traffic congestion by measures like gate
automation, inter terminal transfer and rationalization of customs procedures and central
parking space, Stress on the road network is likely to increase with the commissioning
of the 4* container terminal.

• A long-term solution like promoting various port related activities within the available
vacant lands within JNPT is a necessity to reduce the expected stress on the port
infrastructure and sustenance of the port.

• The" Central Port Authority act 2016" which is likely to be passed this year will give
JN port freedom in making the lease rates of port lands more competitive and thereby
attract interested parties to port related industries within JNPT.

• A large chunk of the vacant lands available within JNPT falls in CRZ-1 wherein only
port related activities like warehousing is permitted.

17
Company name :

KOTLING ENTERPRISES
Quality is Production

18
: Company profile
• Made from superior quality material, products are extensively demanded in global
arena. product range include Fixture, Boiler Stud, MS Studs, Bushes, SS Studs, Jigs,
Fixture, Handles, Holders, Brackets, & Automotive Engine Parts. Following are the
salient
features of our products- High tensile strength, Precision, Uniformity, Corrosion
resistant,
Abrasive resistant All the above-mentioned products are manufactured in various grades
of
high grade SS and MS, Aluminium and Brass

Mission :
• KOTLING ENTERPRISES is committed to provide all types of machining services to
achieve customer requirements and timely delivery of product to enhance customer
EXCELLENCE

19
Organisational structure :

20
Product profile :

• Boilers
• Compressor
• Washer & Rings
• Agriculture
• Nylon Parts
• Electronic Equipment
• 3 Wheelers
• Earth Moving Equipment

Incepted in the year 2003, Kotling Enterprises is a professionally managed

manufacturer, exporter and supplier of precision-engineered studs, jigs and fixtures. The
in-depth industrial knowledge of our mentor Mr. Nalwade has helped us carve a niche
for ourselves in the domestic and international market. We have gained a reputable

position in the market today as the leading producer of fabricated stainless steel
industrial supplies.
Our range includes fixture, boiler stud, MS stud, mild steel stud, bushes, SS stud, jig,
precision jig.
All these products undergo stringent quality tests to assure that these are proven to
international standards of quality. Additionally, our vast technical expertise and in-depth

industrial experience has enabled us to provide efficient and timely services to our

clients. Based on our futuristic and customer-oriented approach, we have broadened our
horizons by catering to diverse industrial sectors.

21
Components Manufacture :

22
Customers :

23
Manufacturing Process :

Single Bed VMC Machine

Make – AMS BedSize–450*900mm
Available in 3 & 4 Axis
No of M/C–6

Dual Bed VMC Machine

Make – AMS
BedSize–450*600mm
Tool Holding Cap – 22
No of M/C- 5

24
 Single Spindle CNC
Machine
Make – PMT
Chuck Size – 65 to 200mm
Available with Bar Feeder
No of M/C-6

Dual Spindle CNC Machine

Make – ACE Micromatic
Chuck Size – 165mm
No of M/C–4

 having a main spindle and secondary spindle with identical chuck size and
through-bore capacity, but with different horsepowers.

 machine with a single spindle, which is often used for lower volume batches.
Single-spindle machines are less expensive and more appropriate for very small
operations, but for larger operation and high-volume projects, they are less competitive.

25
 Traub Machines
Make – PMT Machinery
Chuck Size – 35dia,
Chuck Size – 42dia,
Chuck Size – 25dia

No of M/C–11 .

Drill & Tap Machines

Tooling Capacity – 2.
Manually Operated.
No of M/C–5.

 Drilling machines and tapping machines vary from the tiny bench machine used
in the finest jeweler's operation to the huge, heavy-duty machines that bore large holes
in steel forgings at an astonishing rate.

26
 • Cold Chamber PDC M/C
• 180TonCapacity–1nos
• 250TonCapacity–1nos

• Hot Forging Machine

• 100toncapacity(25x290length)
50toncapacity(32x400length)
• Inductionheater40kw

 This allows for the flow stress and energy required to form the metal to lower,
effectively increasing the rate of production (or strain rate). Hot forging aids in making

the metal easier to shape as well as less likely to fracture.

27
 Quality Equipment’s :

CMM Machine
Make – Accurate Gauging
Size – 5*6*4

Other Quality Equipment’s

Vernier Callipers

Micrometres

Height Gauges

Dial Stand

Go No-go Gauges

Plug Gauges

Snap Gauges

V Block Gauge

Relation Gauges

 A coordinate measuring machine, also known as a CMM, is a piece of equipment

that measures the geometries of physical objects. CMMs using a probing system to
detect discreet points on the surfaces of objects. The very first CMM made its
appearance in the early 60s.

28
Strategies and competitors :
Factors such as globalization and the advancement of information technology have
opened new avenues for brands to market their goods and services. There is tough
competition across all industries. Companies need to have competitive strategies in
place to beat the competition and gain a competitive advantage in the market.

 Cost leadership strategy

 Differentiation strategy

 Cost focus strategy

 Differentiation focus strategy

When the market size expands, market leaders gain the most advantage. Companies can
expand the market size by developing new users, new uses, and more product usage.

To create new users, marketers can focus on promotions to raise awareness about the
product in a specific market or enter a new market to target prospective customers.

To ensure more product usage, companies need to promote their products extensively

29
Conclusion :
Kotling Enterprises have made a mark in the international marketplace, due
to the following reasons: Superb Technical Expertise Facility to incorporate
client’s specification. Complete customer excellence consistent Quality
Timely Delivery Good Quality & Product

30
AJAY ENTERPRISES

Sector no.20,plot no – 31’Chakan,pune-411026

31
COMPANY PROFILE
A Metal Casting Technology
Die casting is a metal casting process that involves feeding molten nonferrous alloys
into dies under high pressure and at high speed to rapidly create molded products. The

.
main materials used in die casting are alloys of aluminum, magnesium and zinc In a
Car near You
AJAY ENTERPRISES
produces a variety of components, mainly for the automobile industry.
In particular, Ryobi’s lightweight, durable aluminum die cast products help make
automobiles lighter. Ryobi technologies might be at work in the automobiles you see
every day.

Organizations structures

32
PRODUCT PROFILE
.1 Medical Devices

Die casting is commonly used for medical devices since these devices are often made
from aluminum. Sometimes the whole part is entirely die-casted but there are also some
devices wherein only parts of them are built from it.Aluminum is one of the most
popular materials for die casting

2 Traffic Lights

Do you know that the traffic lights are made from die-casted metals? Casting dies and
aluminum alloys are suitable for making lighting enclosures as well as other
components that are needed by traffic lights. Aluminum is lightweight and affordable
too. Additionally, it has powerful thermal properties and a reliable conductor too!
Compared to plastic housings, aluminum cast housings are more reliable which is
perfect for areas that are
frequently visited by storms and hurricanes.

3. Recreational Vehicles

Recreational vehicles wouldn’t look great without those die-cast parts. Some parts of
recreational vehicles that are made from die-cast aluminum and zinc include their
chassis, trim molding, cylinders, liner inserts, various types of decorative parts, etc.
Now, you have realized that an RV is made up of several die-cast metals.

4. Firearms

The parts in firearms are created from die casting. A rifle, shotgun, or a pistol is largely
made of parts that are created from die-cast metal. Some components of firearms that
are made of die-cast metals include the trigger, trigger guard, safety, etc.

5. Industrial Equipment

Manufacturing companies of various industries are mostly using die-cast parts. Some of
these parts include connecting rods, air compressors, pump housings, bearing housings,
and a lot more! It seems that every industrial plant is using a die-casted part.

6 Telecommunications

Telecommunications is one of those industries that relies heavily on die-cast aluminum

parts because they are lightweight, durable, and possess high conductivity. Some of the
die-cast parts that are essential for telecommunications equipment are electrical
housings, RF filters, antenna mounts, etc. Outdoor Lighting

33
 CUSTOMER

TRUMPH

KTM

EVERYDAY
.

BAJAJ

PULSURE

JOHN DEERE

34
MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
1 Clamping
The first step in die casting is clamping. However, before then, clean the die to remove
any impurities and lubricate the die for better injection and removal of the solidified
product. After cleaning and lubrication, clamp and close the die with high pressure.
2 Injection
Melt the metal you want to inject and pour it into the shot chamber. The procedure
depends on the process you are using. For example, the shot chamber is cold in the cold
chamber die casting, while it is hot in the hot chamber die casting. After that, inject the
metal into the die under high pressure generated by a hydraulic system.
3 Cooling
While clamped, allow the metal to cool for solidification. The solidified material will
have a shape similar to the design of the mold.
4 Ejection
After unclamping the die mold, an ejection mechanism will push the solid casting out of
the die. Ensure proper solidification before ejecting the final product.
5 Trimming
This is the final step, and it involves the removal of the excess metal in the sprue and
runner found on the finished product. Trimming is achievable using a trim die, saw, or
other procedures. The removed metal parts are recyclable and reusable in the process.

35
CONCLUSION

Die casting is an important technology for metal manufacturing in many modern

industrial fields. In this chapter, the principle, mechanism and characteristics of die
casting process and its classification and application are symmetrically introduced. The
workflow of die casting product development is presented, which includes the design of
castings, dies, casting process and the selection of casting alloys, process parameters and
casting equipment. To conduct a feasible and efficient die casting process development,
CAE simulation is an efficient method to reduce design and development lead-time. A
simulation-enabled case study of die casting process design is also given to show its
efficiency. Through this case study, how to use numerical simulation to reveal the
associativity among the real casting process, modeling, simulation, and simulation
output variables is presented. A process-based simulation methodology for predicting
casting defects and the simulation process, procedure and analysis of defect occurrence
in casting process are systematically presented and delineated

36
NAMO INDIA

ADDRESS – LBLOCK, PLOT NO – 89

BHOSARI, PUNE - 411026

37
Product profile

NAMO INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

The last reported AGM (Annual General Meeting) of Namo India Private
Limited, per our
records, was held on 30 November, 2021.

All Companies › Manufacturing of Wearing Apparel › Namo India Private

Limited

Active As on: 03 February, 2023

Overview Financials Company Network Industry Add Info Directors

OVERVIEW - NAMO INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

Namo India Private Limited is an unlisted private company incorporated on 04

May, 2021.

It is classified as a private limited company and is located in Bhosari ,

chinchwad.

It's authorized share capital is INR 100.00 lac and the total paid-up capital is
INR 100.00
lac.

38
 Customers

NEW DATSON BAJAJ

TECH RISHABH

INDIAN
RAILWAY

39
Process flowchart - Trading process
This swim lane diagram sample shows the trading process flow. "Trade, also called
goods exchange economy, is to transfer the ownership of goods from one person or
entity to another by getting something in exchange from the buyer. Trade is sometimes
loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade
is called a market. ... Modern traders ... generally negotiate through a medium of
exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or
earning. ... Retail trade consists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a very fixed
location, such as a department store, boutique or kiosk, or by mail, in small or individual
lots for direct consumption by the purchaser. Wholesale trade is defined as the sale of
goods that are sold merchandise to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional, or
other professional business users, or to other wholesalers and related subordinated
services." [Trade. Wikipedia] The swimlane diagram example "Process flowchart -
Trading process" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector
drawing software extended with the Process Flowcharts solution from the Business
Processes area of ConceptDraw Solution Park
.

40
TRADING STRATERGY
1 Paid social. To build awareness of your offerings, you can place sponsored posts on

social media channels .

2 Organic media. A strong voice on business-focused social media platforms like

LinkedIn can help you position yourself as an expert in your industry .

3 Paid search. You can place ads on search engines that highlight your products and
services when buyers search for relevant terms

4 Organic search. By designing web pages that target SEO terms that your buyers are
likely to search for, you can attract them to your site and educate them about your
offering

5 Content marketing. Blogs, thought leadership, eBooks and product tutorials can boost
SEO, build brand awareness and help your customers evaluate products

6 - Research is the bedrock of any modern marketing effort. From marketplace research
to brand research, detailed scientific studies will help you make more informed
decisions. They’ll give you an objective basis for your marketing and provide you
valuable baselines for measuring your results.

7 . SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION (SEO)

As we alluded to in the previous item, your target audience has to be able to find your
website for it to be effective. That’s where search engine optimization plays an
important role. . SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION (SEO)

41
COMPETITOTRS
1 China petrochemicals

2 Bombay. Dyeing

3 Scapa industrial

4 Dupont & Kapton

42
CONCLUSION
production process. The different stages of production were interconnected and formed
a continuous flow of operations. The production process involved a combination of
automated and manual processes. The automated processes included robotics, conveyor
systems, and computer-controlled machinery. The manual processes included assembly,
inspection, and packaging. Overall, the facility was well organized, and the production
process was efficient and streamlined.

During the visit, we observed several unique features and innovations in the production
process. One of the most notable features was the use of robotics in the manufacturing
process. The robots were used for tasks such as welding, painting, and assembly. The
use of robotics improved the efficiency and accuracy of the production process. Another
unique feature was the use of computer-controlled machinery. The machines were
programmed to perform specific tasks, and the process was monitored and controlled by
a computer. The use of computer-controlled machinery improved the accuracy and
consistency of the production process.

In conclusion, the industrial visit was a valuable learning experience. I gained practical
insights into the production process and gained a better understanding of the automotive
industry. The visit also provided me with the opportunity to observe several unique
features and innovations in the production process. Overall, the visit was an eye-opening
experience, and I believe that the insights gained will be applicable to my future career
or academic pursuits

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 "JNPT crosses 5 mn TEUs of container handling in 2018". The Hindu. Retrieved 9
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 Bureau&, Our. "Mundra pips JNPT to become India's biggest container port".
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 "Top 10: Mundra busiest container port in India & Australia". supplychaindigital.com. 15
February 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
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 "recent development".
 Bureau&, Our. "Mundra pips JNPT to become India's biggest container port".
www.thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 16 May 2022.

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