Pailan College of Management & Technology
B.Tech Division (College Code-156)
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CA-II Examinations
(REPORT WRITING)
(Full Marks=25)
Student Name SURAJ SANTRA
University Roll No 15601321064
Subject Name Repair & Rehabilitation of Structures
Subject Code CE(PE)702B
Semester VII
Department CIVIL ENGINEERING
Instructions:
1. Please don’t change the formatting and font.
2. Topics should be selected based on the syllabus covered in the class.
3. Convert the word into PDF before submission.
Module/ Topic Overview of distress, deterioration in concrete
structures
Explanation :
Distress in concrete members occurs with age due to corrosion in
reinforcement, loading, settlement of foundations etc. This distress in in
building can be found by development of cracks in concrete members such as
slabs, beams, columns etc.
The cracking of concrete in building is developed in three stages:
1. Stage – I: Volume of rust formed due to corrosion of reinforcement is
increased about 2.5 times the volume of steel. With the result of corroded
reinforcement bar presses the concrete outwards. Since concrete is poor in
tension, longitudinal cracks are developed along the reinforcement bar. 2. Stage
– II: Longitudinal cracks in RCC provide wide access to oxygen, carbon dioxide,
and moisture with result excessive carbonation starts and structural damages
starts. Fear in the mind of users starts. 3. Stage – III: In this stage cover comes
out and causes danger to the life of structure and structure becomes
unserviceable.
Module/ Topic Different types of distress in a concrete structure
Explanation :
Distress occurs in concrete structures due to a lack of preventive measures which
impacts the natural deterioration of a structure. It is more common now as
structures are getting exposed to extreme environmental hazards. There are
numerous well-known factors that cause premature distress in concrete
structures. Each of them is explained below
Longitudinal distress in a concrete structure
Longitudinal distress occurs parallel to the centerline of the pavement. They can
be caused by a poorly constructed joint; shrinkage of the asphalt layer; cracks
reflecting up from an underlying layer; and longitudinal segregation due to
improper paver operation. Longitudinal distress is parallel to the pavement’s
centerline or lay down direction. They may be caused by (1) a poorly constructed
paving lane joint, (2) shrinkage of the AC surface due to low temperatures or
hardening of the asphalt, or (3) a reflective crack caused by cracks beneath the
surface course, including cracks in PCC slabs (but not at PCC joints).
Module/ Topic Need for repairs and upgrading of structures
Explanation :
The need of structural repairs can arise from any of the following:
• Faulty design of the structure
• Improper execution and bad workmanship
• Extreme weathering and environmental conditions
• High degree of chemical attack
• Ageing of the structure
Techniques for Repairs and Rehabilitation of Concrete Structure
The technique to be adopted for repair or restoration of the structure depends
on the cause, extent and nature of damage, the function and importance of the
structure, availability of suitable materials and facilities for carrying out repair,
and a thorough knowledge of the long-term behavior of the materials used for
the repair work. Depending upon the requirement, the repairing technique may
be of a superficial (cosmetic) nature or, in some cases, may involve the
replacement of part or whole of the structure. The repairing techniques can be
classified into three
Module/ Topic Types of deterioration
Explanation :
Different Types of Deterioration observed are:
1. Spalling
2. Cracking
3. Debonding of the Joints
4. Erosion
5. Corrosion of Concrete Through Chemical Attack
6. Sagging of Beams and Floors, bowing or inclination
7. Excessive Efflorescence, staining or discoloration
8. Damages Due to Vibration
9. Faults in Design, Material, and Workmanship
Module/ Topic Mechanism of deterioration
Explanation :
The physically and chemically induced deterioration causes and mechanisms
of reinforced concrete structures are discussed. Physically - induced
deterioration is caused by freeze–thaw loads, non-uniform volume changes,
temperature gradients, abrasion, erosion, or cavitation. Chemically-induced
deterioration consists of carbonation, corrosion of steel reinforcement, sulfate
and acid attacks, or alkali–aggregate reactions. The role of moisture and
microstructure of different concrete types is also considered.
