INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT COVERSHEET

Programme DIPLOMA IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

Module Code & Title LEA 4324 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

Assessment (%) 20%

Module Leader PUTERI NURUL HASSANAH ANUAR

Submission Date 23/02/2024

NO MATRIX STUDENT NAME FIRST SECOND AGREED

NUMBER MARKER MARKER MARKS :
1 DLE22100019 MUHAMMAD IDHAM HADI BIN JUHAIZAD

Plagiarism Results : ( Attached )

Submission of this assignment agrees to the Late Submission :-

following: I understand that the piece of work submitted will We will apply a penalty to work that is submitted late and
be considered as the final and complete version of my within three working days (by 12pm) of the published
assignment. I understand both the meaning and consequences submission deadline. The mark for your work will be capped
of plagiarism and that my work has been appropriately at 50%.This means that whatever mark you actually achieve,
attributed. I have not knowingly allowed another to copy my you will only be awarded a maximum mark of 50%.The best
work. way to avoid any penalty is to get your work in on time.

Comments:

SIGNATURE OF FIRST MARKER : SIGNATURE OF SECOND MARKER :

Name : PUTERI NURUL HASSANAH ANUAR Name :

Date : Date :

1
TABLE OF CONTENT

NO TOPIC PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION 3-4

I. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
INVESTIGATION INCLUDING PRE – HISTORY
AND CONTEMPORARY

II. THE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

2 CONTENT 5-7

I. CRIME SCENE
II. TWO (2) IMPORTANCE TO ORGANIZED THE
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION PERSONNEL
III. THE DEFINITON OF THE FIRST
RESPONDER AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES
IV. THREE (3) IMPORTANCE OF INITIAL
ASSESSMENT

3 CONCLUSION 8

4 REFERENCES 9

5 PLAGIARISM REPORT 10

2
INTRODUCTION

I. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF INVESTIGATION INCLUDING PRE –

HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY

PREHISTORIC
The origins of investigative methods can be seen in the usage of fingerprints to
identify offenders in prehistoric societies like Egypt. The Babylonians recorded
and prosecuted crimes using a written code system as well. These prehistoric
cultures established the groundwork for the advancement of contemporary
research techniques. There is evidence that the first criminal investigations took
place in prehistoric times, when early humans collected fingerprints by pressing
their palms and fingers into rocks or clay. By the year 1100 A.D., crime scene
investigation techniques had advanced to the point that Roman lawyer Quintilian
could demonstrate that blood-smeared palm prints found at a crime scene were
used to frame a blind man for his father's murder.

CONTEMPORARY
Modern CSI: In the late 1900s and early 2000s, crime scene investigation made
significant advancements.
Crime scene investigation continues to experience rapid technological
advancements. • Modern forensics built upon the solid foundation developed over
thousands of years of forensic investigation. They expanded their application to
include computer forensics, DNA forensics, entomological (insect) forensics, and
enhanced biological studies.

• The 21st Century

The field of forensic science is increasingly acknowledged as being essential to
both law enforcement and criminal investigation.
Keeping a crime scene clean and correctly collecting and analyzing evidence have
emerged as two of the most important components of crime- solving technique

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II. THE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

Criminal investigation is the collection of techniques used to analyze crimes and

capture offenders. The goal of a criminal investigator is to learn the names, tactics,
and motivations of offenders as well as the identities of victims. They may also
look for and question witnesses. Analysis of the method of operation may
frequently help identify a thief who has left no fingerprints or other convincing
evidence; skilled criminals typically adhere to a specific approach, target specific
kinds of property, and leave a specific trademark. These lists of lost and stolen
property are compiled by criminal investigation departments, who also have easy
access to private and public records, including laundry and dry cleaners' marks,
pawnshop and secondhand-dealers' transactions, and vehicle and gun registrations.

4
CONTENT

I. CRIME SCENE

Any physical scene, anyplace, that might offer an investigator possible evidence is
considered a crime scene. It might be a person's body, a building of any kind, a
car, an open space, or anything discovered there. Thus, the term "crime scene
examination" describes an investigation in which forensic or scientific methods
are applied to preserve and collect tangible proof of a crime. Ensuring that staff
members understand the need of crime scene security is a very straightforward
step that investigators, regardless of nationality, may do. To guarantee that scenes
—including the victims, locations, and evidence there—are not tampered with,
investigators should take every precaution. They should also give themselves
enough time to plan the "forensic examination." Simple precautions can prevent
interference, which results in "forensic contamination."

II. TWO (2) IMPORTANCE TO ORGANIZED THE CRIME SCENE

INVESTIGATION PERSONNEL

 IDENTIFYING AND PRESERVING EVIDENCE

The Bureau of Labor Statistics, or BLS, states that strolling around the scene of a
crime and deciding what should be collected as evidence is frequently how crime
scene investigators begin their investigations. Additionally, they decide how best to
gather evidence without interfering with the cops' capacity to conduct an investigation
or disrupting the rest of the crime scene. Because of their education and
expertise, they are able to spot hints that others would overlook because they are little
or obscurely connected to the crime. In order to protect the integrity of the evidence,
they also seal it in sterile containers or plastic bags.

5
 DOCUMENTING EVIDENCE
Detectives who work at crime scenes meticulously record everything they gather,
noting what they discovered and where they found it. In addition, they take pictures of
every part of the crime scene, including the victim's body in cases of violent crimes
and the point of entry in burglary cases. These documents and images are utilized by
detectives to piece together the crime scene, and by prosecutors to persuade jurors of
the accused's guilt. Additionally, these records are essential in the event that any
evidence is misplaced or destroyed while the case is being investigated.

III. THE DEFINITON OF THE FIRST RESPONDER AND ITS

RESPONSIBILITIES

First responders like firefighters and paramedics may be entering areas of

extremely dangerous radiation. 999 tapes can reveal a great deal about what
happens when police and first responders are called. An emergency responder is
someone (like a police officer or an EMT) who is among those responsible for
traveling immediately to the scene of an accident or emergency to provide
assistance.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF FIRST RESPONDER
1. Responding to the emergency call and arriving on the location as quickly as
possible
2. Locating the patient and evaluating the situation
3. If necessary, guarding the area and reestablishing order
4. Applying first aid and keeping an eye on the sufferer until further assistance
comes
5. Getting the patient to a facility for treatment
6. Reporting a death to the police and superiors

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IV. THREE (3) IMPORTANCE OF INITIAL ASSESSMENT

1. Overview of the Scene:

2. Preserving Evidence:

 The lead investigator gets a thorough overview of the whole area by conducting a
 Decisions madeofearly
walk through on can have a big influence on how the case is resolved.
the scene.
 AThe
cautious and exhaustive
first chance inquiryorguarantees
to find important that anyisprospective
delicate evidence physical
during this preliminary
evidence
search. is not ruined or corrupted.
 ItItalso avoids
enables thethe omission to
investigator of choose
possiblethe
witnesses.
first steps in the investigation.
 During this step, the scene is systematically examined and documented.
3. Prioritizing Crime Scenes:

 Detectives need to recognize and order crime scenes.

 Information from these scenes could be essential to the investigation's success.
 A first evaluation determines if the situation has the potential to yield crucial
evidence.

7
CONCLUSION

I. THREE (3) REASON TO THE FAILURE OF CRIME SCENE

INVESTIGATION

1. Cognitive Biases: Decision-making and judgment can be distorted by

investigators succumbing to cognitive biases. Among these prejudices are:

Confirmation Bias: Propensity to ignore evidence that contradicts preexisting ideas or beli
Tunnel Vision: Ignoring data that contradicts the selected theory of guilt or focusing only on
Using Intuition Instead of Data: Using intuition in place of methodically examining su
Simplistic Rules of Thumb: Applying excessively basic rules that ignore the intricacies s

2. Organizational Traps: Ineffective crime scene investigation might be impeded by institutional is

 Lack of Resources: Inadequate cash, staff, or supplies.

 Insufficient Training: To manage intricate crime scenes and evidence
gathering, investigators require thorough training.
 Communication Gaps: Inadequate cooperation between the various units or
agencies conducting the inquiry.
 Bureaucracy: Formal obstacles that impede or postpone the course of the
investigation.

3. Probability Inaccuracies
 The prosecutor's fallacy: erroneously interpreting statistical data to determine
guilt or innocence.
 Misuse or misunderstanding of forensic evidence, such as DNA analysis or
fingerprint identification, is a forensic science error.

8
REFERENCE

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, October 25). criminal investigation.

Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/criminal-investigation

https://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/Toolkit-files/08-58296_tool_5- 9.pdf
Thursday, 2008

https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/first%20responder#:~:text=The%20meaning
%20of%20FIRS T%20RESPONDER%20is%20a%20person,of%20an%20accident%20or
%20emerge ncy%20to%20provide%20assistance Monday, 12 February 2024

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/first-responder Monday, 2023

https://www.salusjournal.com/wp-
content/uploads/2018/03/McKinley_Salus_Journal_Volume_6_Number_1_2018_pp_ 82-
84.pdf#:~:text=Rossmo%20suggests%20that%20there%20are%20three%20main% 20reasons,in
%20forensic%20science%20and%20criminal%20profiling%20%28Ross mo%2C%202009%29
Wednesday, 2008

https://blog.mcafeeinstitute.com/articles/ancient-sleuths-to-modern-detectives-the- evolution-
of-investigation- techniques#:~:text=The%20roots%20of%20investigative%20techniques
%20can%20 be%20traced,foundation%20for%20the%20development%20of%20modern
%20inve stigative%20methods Friday, 5 May 2023

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PLAGIARISM REPORT

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MARKING RUBRIC

Marks (M)
Marks
Attribute Marks Obtained
Allocated Poor Moderate Satisfactory Good Excellent
1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10
10%
Analysis skills Not able to discuss the Minimal ability to Some ability to discuss Able to discuss the Able to discuss with
(10 MARKS)
given task discuss the given task the given task given task good illustration
1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
25% The content was not The content was The content was The content was The content was very
a) Content
(25 MARKS) relevant to the given minimally relevant to generally relevant relevant to the given relevant to the given
task the given task to the given task task task
1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10
The assignment was The organization of The organization of The organization of the The paper was well
10% poorly organized and the paper was the paper was paper was well organized and
b) Organization lacked supporting somewhat organized generally organized and supported
(10 MARKS)
evidence with minimal acceptable with supported
supporting supporting
evidence evidence
1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10
c)Grammar-mechanics-usage 10% Too many Numerous grammatical Several grammatical Few grammatical No grammatical
spelling (10 MARKS) grammatical errors errors errors errors errors
1-8 9-16 17-24 25-32 33-40
Student does not Student Student Student Student
40%
d) Knowledge skills demonstrate the demonstrates some demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates sound
(40 MARKS)
subject knowledge grasp of the subject moderate level ofthe sufficient level ofthe subject knowledge
knowledge subject knowledge subject knowledge
e) Completes assignment on time 5% 1 2 3 4 5

1
 (5 MARKS) Completes and turns Completes and turns in Completes and turns Completes and turns Completes and turns in
in homework on homeworkon time, in homework on in homework on time, homeworkon time,
time, submits quality submits quality work. time, submits quality submits quality work. submits quality work.
work. (7 daysor late (5- 6 days late) work. (3-4 days late) (2days – 1 day late) (0 day late)
or missing)
OVERALL ASSESSMENT 100% (100 MARKS) Total: /100