By Authority Of

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Legally Binding Document
By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code § 552(a) and
Part 1 of the Code of Regulations § 51 the attached document has been duly
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE and shall be considered legally
binding upon all citizens and residents of the United States of America.
HEED THIS NOTICE: Criminal penalties may apply for noncompliance.

e
Document Name: ISO 11660-2:1994(E): Cranes: Access, Guards and
Restraints, Part 2: Mobile Cranes
CFR Section(s): 29 CFR 1926.1423(c)

Date of Action: 75 FR 48153, August 9, 2010

Official Incorporator:
THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER
WASHINGTON, D.C.
J.~V .II.11bbU t" 1+1: J"'I' _ "'!'Q.;j.JJ IU..! U..J I .JJ .... " ........... -

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11660-2
First edition
1994-08-15

·Cranes - Access, guards and

restraints
Part 2:
Mobile cranes

Appareils de levage acharge suspendue - Moyens d'acces, dispositifs

de protection et de retenue -
Partie 2: Grues mobiles

----~-
---

~ISO]
- -
-~-
-
- -- Reference number
ISO 11660-2:1994(E)
 .&.~v ..u..u ........ """ 1 ".--

ISO 11660·2:1994(E)

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide

federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are

circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.

International Standard ISO 11660-2 was prepared by Technical Committee

Isorrc 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 6, Mobile cranes.

ISO 11660 consists of the following parts, under the general title
Cranes - Access, guards and restraints:

- Part 1: General

- Part 2: Mobile cranes

- Part 3: Tower cranes

- Part 4: Jib cranes

Annexes A and 8 of this part of ISO 11660 are for information only.

C ISO 1994
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56. • CH-1211 Geneve 20 • Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland

ii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD elSa ISO 11660-2:1994(E)

Cranes - Access, guards and restraints

Part 2:
Mobile cranes

1 Scope ISO 4306-2:-11, Cranes - Vocabulary - Part 2: Mo-

bile cranes.
This part of ISO 11660 specifies criteria for steps,
stairways, ladders, walkways, platforms, handrails, ISO 11660-1 :-21, Cranes - Access, guards and re-
handholds, guardrails and entrance openings which straints - Part 1: General.
permit access to and from operator, inspection or
maintenance platforms on mobile cranes as defined
in ISO 4306-2 and parked in accordance with the 3 General
manufacturer's instruction. It also presents require-
ments for guards and restraints as related to moving
parts. 3.1 The requirements given in this part of
ISO 11660 are based on one person, unladen, using
This part of ISO 11660 is also based on and partly in the access system by himself, i.e. no other coworkers
harmony with ISO 2860 and ISO 2867. For mobile are on the access system, and on the 95th to 5th
cranes fitted with a tower ISO 11660-3 and percentile human physical dimensions as presented
ISO 11660-4 should be consulted. in ISO 3411.

It .shall also be recognized that some machine designs

2 Normative references may require modifications or variances from the re-
quirements presented in this part of ISO 11660.
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this part of ISO 11660. At the time of publication. 4 Definitions
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based For the purposes of this part of ISO 11660, the fol-
on this part of ISO 11660 are encouraged to investi- lowing definitions apply.
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi-
tions of the standards indicated below. Members of 4.1 access system: System provided on a machine
lEe and ISO maintain registers of currently valid for entrance to and exit from an operator, inspection
International Standards. or maintenance platform from and to the ground.

1) To be published. {Revision of ISO 4306-2:1985}

2) To be published.

1
ISO 11660-2:1994(E) C ISO

The primary access system is the access system 4.9.4 stepped ladder: Ladder consisting of side rails
normally used, while the alternative access system is and steps which can accommodate both feet, used
the access route used during anticipated emergency for access where the angle of inclination from the
situations when the primary access system cannot be horizontal exceeds 65°.
used.
4.10 ladder fall-limiting device: Any device which
4.2 jib walkway: Walkway used mainly on long jibs, minimizes or limits the length of fall from a ladder
such as on dragline cranes, which are inclined at an- system.
gles up to 20° from the horizontal.
4.11 operator's platform: Area from which an op-
4.3 jib skywalk platform: Maintenance platform on erator controls the travel and work functions of the
jib base sections. machine.

4.4 controlled descent device: Device which can 4.12 passageway: Walkway with confining barriers
automatically lower a person without power at a fixed on both sides that extend vertically above the walking
speed as part of an alternative access system. surface to a height of at least 1 200 mm for erect
walking or 300 mm for crawling.
4.5 enclosure opening: Opening leading to or from
an access system and large enough for a person to 4.13 platform: Horizontal surface for the support of
pass through. persons engaged in operation, maintenance, in-
spection or repair work.
4.5.1 primary opening: Opening normally used for
access. 4.14 ramp: Plane inclined at an angle of 20° or less
from the horizontal, without steps, but with cleats or
4.5.2 alternative opening: Opening for use during other surface treatment for the purpose of traction.
emergencies when the primary opening is not usable.
4.15 cleat: Device added to a walkway or ramp sur-
4.5.3 service opening: Opening for use during face to improve traction.
maintenance, service or inspection.
4.16 rest platform; landing: Platform used in con-
4.6 foot barrier: Device to prevent a person's foot junction with a ladder system for a person to rest on
from slipping off the edge of a platform or walkway. while standing.

4.7 guardrail: Device along the open sides of walk- 4.17 riser height: Height between two consecutive
ways or platforms to protect a person from falling. steps or rungs, measured from the tread surface of
one step or rung to the tread surface of the next.
4.8 handrail and handhold: Parts of an access
system that may be grasped by the hand as an aid to 4.18 rung: Device on which one or both feet may
body support and balance. be placed, generally installed on vertical ladders or on
a single foot-step.
4.9 ladder: Access system or part of an access
system, inclined from the horizontal at an angle 4.19 stairway: Access system or part of an access
greater than 50· but not more than 90·, consisting of system inclined from the horizontal at an angle greater
a series of equally spaced steps that can accommo- than 33,7° but not more than 67° and consisting of
date one or both feet. four or more steps.

4.9.1 vertical ladder: Ladder whose angle of incli- 4.20 step: Device for placement of one or both feet,
nation from the horizontal is greater than 75·. either as part of a ladder or stairway, or installed
(placed) 'individually.
4.9.2 inclined ladder: Ladder whose angle of incli-
nation from the horizontal is greater than 50" but not 4.21 stride distance: Horizontal distance from the
more than 75°. leading edge of one step to the leading edge of the
next step.
4.9.3 rung ladder: Ladder consisting of side rails
and rungs which can accommodate both feet, used 4.22 three-point support: Feature of an access
for access where the angle of inclination from the system which permits, but does not require, a person
horizontal exceeds 75". to use simultaneously two hands and one foot or two

2
o ISO ISO 11661J:2:l994(E)

feet and one hand, while ascending, descending or 5.3 An alternative exit shall be provided and shall
moving about on the crane. be clearly indicated if not obvious.

4.23 tread depth: Distance from the leading edge

to the back of the step. 6 Performance criteria

4.24 walkway: Part of an access system that per- 6.1 The walking and standing surfaces of access
mits walking or crawling between locations on a systems shall withstand, without visible permanent
crane. deformation, the following minimum forces applied
perpendicular to the surface.
4.25 powered or manually actuated access de-
vice: Device that through power or manual actuation a) 2 000 N concentrated through a 125 mm diam-
provides a complete or partial primary access or al- eter disc applied at any location on the surface;
ternative access system. and

4.26 slip-resistant surface: Access system surface b) 4 500 N uniformity distributed per square metre
having qualities which improve the traction obtained of surface area or fraction thereof if less than a
by the foot. square metre.

Annex A presents examples of surfaces that are These forces need not be applied simultaneously.
considered "slip-resistant".
6.2 Openings in walkways and platform surfaces
5 General criteria shall not permit the passage of a spherical object of
diameter ~ 40 mm. If the floor surface is above a
5.1 Access system design shall consider: surface where persons will be walking, standing or
working, the opening shall not permit the passage of
a) the probability of a user being inadvertently re- a spherical object of diameter ~ 20 mm. Solid sur-
strained by protruding devices such as controls, faces shall be used when necessary to prevent the
steps or handles catching or holding body ap- passage of material that could result in personal injury
pendages or wearing apparel; to a person above or below the surface. For jib walk-
ways and other similar areas that are used only for
b) protrusions which could trip the user or increase inspection or maintenance, the standing or stepping
the severity of an injury in case of a fall; surface openings may be increased to twice the
above values.
c) providing handrails or handholds with a smooth
handgrasp surface;
6.3 Handrails, handholds and guardrails shall be ca-
d) the probability of user contact with potential haz- pable of withstanding a minimum force of 1 000 N
ards such as extreme differences in heat or cold, applied at any point from any direction without visible
electrical hazards, moving parts and sharp cor- permanent deformation. Flexible devices shall not
ners; deflect under the applied test load more than 80 mm
from their normal un deflected position.
e) use of the access system shall be easily under-
stood and require no training; 6.4 Machinery enclosure roofs used only for sup-
port of personnel during inspection, such as cab and
f) proper placement of components offering three- canopy roofs, may comply only with 6.1 a).
point support to the user ascending or descending
the access system when more than 1 m above
6.5 All surfaces of the access system for e.g. walk-
the ground. ing, stepping or crawling (including any device or
structural component thereof used as part of an ac-
5.2 Primary access system devices may be portable cess system) shall be slip-resistant.
for convenient storage on the crane but shall be ca-
pable of being positively secured when in use or in Crane track shoe and track pad surfaces can be used
the stored position. as access steps if three-point support is provided.

3
 ISO llbbD PT*2 ~4 .. 4~~~~U~ U~(~~U~ ~~~ ..
ISO 11660-2:1994{E) elSa

7 Steps 7.4 Wherever a foot can protrude through the step

and contact a moving part, a shield shall be provided
7.1 Steps shall conform to the dimensions given in between the step and the moving part.
figure 1 and table 1. Where possible, steps should be
wide enough to accommodate both feet. 7.5 Step design should incorporate a barrier at the
ends of the step which the foot will contact in the
7.2 Where lateral body movement is necessary event of lateral slippage.
from the top or bottom step of a ladder to the next
stepping surface, the distance between the rung and 7.6 The step tread surface shall not be intended for
the nearest edge of the bearing surface shall be use as a handhold.
within a spherical radius R of 300 mm max. (see fig-
ure 1). 7.7 Step design should minimize accumulation of
debris and aid in the cleaning of mud and debris from
7.3 Steps shall be coordinated with properly pos- the shoe sole. Crawler tracks, if permitted as steps,
itioned handrails and handholds. do not meet this requirement.

Dimensions in millimetres

Platform level

Rung ladder Stepped ladder StaIrway

Figure 1 - Steps, ladders and stairways

4
 J.~V JJJJtll::lU 1"".': ''1 _ '10.!:l.lljU.:s U.!:J (.h.!:JU.!:J r::! (T _

Table 1 - Dimensions of steps, ladders and stairways

Dimensions in millimetres

Dimension
Symbol Description
min. max.

A Height of first step above ground or platform - 600

B Riser height
Rung ladders 230 400
Steps (stepped ladders, stairs, etc,) 180 250
C Step width
Ladders
for one foot 160 -
for both feet 320 -
Stairway 320 -
D Rung tread - diameter or width 19 40
E Instep clearance 150 -
F1 Tread depth
Steps (stepped ladders, stairways, etc.) 24011 400
F2 Toe clearance (free space behind rungs) 150 -
G Stride distance21 130 270
H Distance from top rung of ladder to platform level - 150
I Head clearance above step leading to walkway 2000 -
J Step placement (stair) (2B + G) 630
R Step placement from ladder - I 300
1) See 9.3; can be reduced to 130 when free space for toe clearance is provided.
2) The formula given for J shall always be satisfied.

7.8 Step design shall, as far as is practical, provide 8 Ladders

the user with natural foot placement while descend-
ing, or steps shall be clearly visible to the user while
descending.
S.1 Ladder steps shall meet the criteria specified in
NOTE 1 Natural foot placement of steps does not ensure clause 7.
user confidence. Only familiarity with the access system
can instill confidence.
8.2 Vertical ladders which extend more than 5 m
vertically above ground level shall be equipped with a
ladder fall-limiting device, preferably of the passive
7.9 Flexibly-mounted series of steps should be type. Such a device shall not require continual manip-
avuided. If used, the steps shall not move more than ulation for the user to ascend or descend the ladder.
80 mm elastically in any plane when a horizontal force
of 1 000 N is applied centred on the outer edge of the
leading edge of the first nonswinging step from the S.2.1 The lower end of a ladder cage or other similar
ground. The first step from the ground may be free- device, if used, shall be a maximum of 3 m above
swinging. ground or platform level.

5
 ..L~V ..u..uggU r 1 ""'L. I, _ ''LJ ......... U....J ..., .... I M ..... """~ .... ...., . . -

ISO 11660-2:1994(E) elSO

8.2.2 The internal surface of a ladder cage on a ver- 9.3 Step tread depth on stairways shall be equal to
tical ladder shall not extend more than 700 mm from or greater than the riser height. Successive riser
the steps nor shall its internal width be more than heights and successive step tread depths shall be of
700 mm. uniform dimensions.

9.4 Stairway steps shall met the criteria specified in

8.3 A rest platform shall be provided at least every
clause 7.
10m of vertical climb.

10 Handrails and handholds

8.4 Winding or spiral ladders of vertical height
> 3 m shall be provided with open-side guardrails. 10.1 Handrails and handholds shall conform with
the dimensions specified in figure 2 and table 2.

9 Stairways 10.2 Handrails and hand holds shall be appropriately

placed along the access system to provide continuous
support to a moving person and to enable users to
9.1 Stairways shall be provided with at least one
maintain their balance.
handrail.
10.3 The preferred cross-section of a handrail and
9.2 Stairways with a vertical drop> 3 m shall be handhold is circular. A square or rectangular cross-
provided with guardrails on the open side or sides. section with rounded corners is permissible.

NOTE - Handrail extension may be an integral part of or separate from ladder.

Figure 2 - Handrails and handholds

6
Cl ISO ISO 11660-2:1BMlEJ

Table 2 - Dimensions of handrails and handholds

Dimensions in millimetres

Dimension
Symbol Description
min. max.
A Width (diameter or across flats)
Ladder, step or walkway 16 ) 38
'
Stairway and ramp handrails 16 80
B Length between bend radii for support legs of handholds 150 -
C Hand clearance to mounting surface 75 -
D Distance above standing surface - 1 600
E Vertical distance of handrail continuation above step, platform, stairway or ramp 850 960
F Offset distance of handrail or handhold from edge of step 75 200
G Width between parallel handrails
Ladder - 60021
Stairway and ramp 460 -
H Distance above walkway, passageway, step or stairway step 850 1400
1) 19 mm if orientation is vertical.
2) 600 mm apart if hip clearance is required.

10.4 Any handrail or handhold on which the 11.3 Walkways shall be provided with handholds,
handgrasp surface extends beyond the support shall handrails or guardrails. Guardrails shall be provided if
have a change of shape at the end of the handgrasp the vertical drop from the open side of the walkway
surface to help prevent the hand from slipping off the surface is > 3 m.
end.

10.5 The use of handrails on a ladder system is 11.4 Walkways used only for access to service and
preferred to hand holds. Where handholds are used, inspection platforms ~ 3 m above ground level may
their spacing shall correspond to the step spacing. have a minimum width of 230 mm. Service and in-
spection may be performed from the walkway if this
11 Platforms, passageways, walkways, can be readily performed while maintaining three-
guardrails and foot barriers point support.

11.1 Platforms, passageways, walkways, guardrails

and foot barriers shall conform with the dimensions 11.5 Where an opening has been provided in a
specified in figure3 and table3. A rail shall be placed guardrail, other than to provide access to a ladder or
midway between the top rail of a guardrail and the to steps, a device shall be provided across the open-
walkway or platform. ingthat meets the requirements of 6.3.

11.2 Platforms shall be provided with guardrails if

the vertical drop from the open side of the platform 11.6 Wherever a foot may slip from a walkway or
surface is > 3 m. Certain crane roofs may not meet platform into moving machinery or equipment. a foot
this requirement if transportability factors interfere. barrier shall be provided.

7
ISO 11660·2:1994(E) o ISO

Figure 3 - Platforms, passageways, walkways and guardrails

Table 3 - Dimensions of platforms, passageways, walkways and guardrails

Dimensions in millimetres

Dimension
Symbol DescrIptIon
min. max.

A Width
Platform 600 -
Walkway1I 450 -
B Head clearance
Standing 2 000 -
Kneeling 21 1500 -
Crawling21 1000 -
C Guardrail height 1000 1 100
D Foot barrier height31 50 -
E Foot barrier to floor clearance a 10
F Passageway
Forward-facing passage of user 550 -
Sideways passage of user 330 -
Users passing from opposite directions 900 -
11 The width may be reduced locally to 400 mm to allow for obstructions within the access way.
21 For inspection and maintenance only.
31 In special cases where it is necessary for a person to transfer, the maximum height of the foot
barrier shall be limited to 500 mm at the transfer position.

8
 ~~v .u.uCCU r I"'''' I"T _ "TY""-'! IU..I ..,.., I -'!""U J J.u"" _

o ISO ISO 11660·2:1994(E)

12 Enclosure openings 12.4 The door of the enclosure shall be openable

without infringing on the standing position of the per-
12.1 Enclosure openings shall conform with the di- son opening it.
mensions specified in figure4 and table4.
12.5 An alternative opening shall be provided in the
12.2 If a rectangular opening is not possible, the enclosure on a surface other than that of the primary
minimum opening area may be reduced to the mini- access opening.
mum dimensions indicated in figure4. Alternatively,
the vertical distance from the floor of the lower (nar-
rower) area of the minimum opening can be increased 12.6 The force needed to open or close a properly
from 460 mm to 770 mm max. in conjunction with an functioning hinged enclosure door or cover should not
increase in the minimum width from 250 mm to exceed 135 N.
300 mm.

12.3 The primary opening shall be accessible di- 12.7 An enclosure door that may be left open dur-
rectly from the access steps or from a platform or ing machine operation shall be provided with a means
walkway. to secure it in the open position.

Dimensions in millimetres
A
450

I 350
H

,
I
I
I I
I
I I
,
I I
I
I
I
I
I
~Mlnlmumcp enlng

0
Ln
Ln
-
..,

--n--
..--

I I
I I I..J
I I ><
CI
E::\
I I
I I E
I I 0
I I >0 /
I I -I'
I I

////////////////////

Primary Service

NOTES

1 Changes in shape of the minimum opening do not need to be symmetrical.

2 Dimensions are minimum unless otherwise noted. Taper for head permitted on stand-Up cabs only.

Figure 4 - Enclosure openings

9
ISO 11660-2:1994(E) elsa

Table 4 - Dimensions of enclosure openings

Dimensions in millimetres

Dimension
Symbol Description
min. max.
Primary opening
A Width 450 -
B Height
Sit-down cab 1 300 -
Stand-up cab 1 800 -
c Height of internal door handle from floor
Sit-down cab 350 850
Stand-up cab 800 1000
D Height of external door handle above standing surface 500 1 500 1)
Alternative opening (preferably same size as primary opening)
Round (diameter) 650 -
Square 600 x 600 -
Rectangular 470 x 650 -
Service openings
H Width 450 -
I Height 760 -
J Bottom edge to floor - 500
K Corner radius - O,5H
1) 1 700 mm if distance from the ground.

12.8 Hinged doors shall normally open outward. 13 Powered or manually actuated access
Sliding doors shall be designed to prevent hazardous devices
door movements due to inertial force caused by ma-
chine operations.
13.1 The specifications in clauses 5 to 10 also apply
to these devices.
12.9 A minimum of 80 mm hand clearance shall be
provided: 13.2 Elevators and personnel hoists shall conform
to the performance requirements presented in na-
a) between the outer vertical edge of a hinged door tional regulations or standards.
and any fixed object other than its door frame, and

b) where required, for opening or removing other 13.3 Access device controls shall:
types of enclosure doors or covers.
a) be protected against inadvertent actuation;

12.10 Removable enclosure opening covers held in b) stop the device and maintain it in the desired
place by gravity, such as manhole covers, shall be position when the control is either released or
designed to prevent the possibility of their falling moved to the neutral or hold position;
through the opening.
c) be located at each access station for raising or
lowering the device;
12.11 A removable enclosure opening cover shall
not exceed 40 kg in mass if required to be lifted a d) not require more than 225 N actuation force;
vertical distance of up to 300 mm, with a decrease in
mass of at least 5 kg for each additional 300 mm of e) permit the device to be lowered to an access
required lift height. station if power fails.

10
 - - --- - -------- --- --- -

~~v ~~bbU ~I~~ ~~ .. ~6~~~Uj U571511 573 . .

I'
Olsa ISO 11660-2:1994(E)

13.4 The design load factor shall be at least four 13.10 The device shall not sway in use due to the
times the maximum anticipated working load. user's movements, except that during entrance or
exit a maximum movement of 80 mm in any direction
is permitted.
13.5 Uncontrolled fall resulting from failure of a fluid
line or energy source shall be prevented. 13.11 When in its stored position, the device shall
be secured. A visual or acoustic warning device shall
be provided to indicate when the device is not prop-
13.6 Devices which operate more than 3 m above erly stored.
ground level shall be equipped with guardrails or side
enclosures.
13.12 The crane shall be provided with an alterna-
tive access system to supplement the powered or
manually actuated access device.
13.7 A capacity plate. indicating the maximum
working load and maximum number of persons per-
mitted for safe operation of the device, shall be pro- 13.13 Controlled descent devices shall have a con-
vided which is readily visible from the device controls. stant descent speed, regardless of load, which should
be in the range of 1 mls to 3 mls for loads up to
135 kg, but even in an emergency situation, e.g. fire
13.8 Action of the device shall be controlled to pre- in the machine, shall not exceed 4,5 mls when exit
vent rapid movements that could result in personal using the device occurs.
injury or damage to the device.
14 Guards and restraints
13.9 Access onto a device shall be possible only The requirements of ISO 11660-1 regarding guards
after the device has been fully deployed. and restraints shall be applied to mobile cranes.

11
 .... ~v ..II..III:ICU r I...... ,. _ ,w __ --- -_. - - - - ._. -

ISO 11660-2:1994(E) c ISO

AnnexA
(informative)

Examples of surfaces considered to be slip-resistant

The following are examples of surfaces considered slip-resistant as defined in 4.26.

a) Diamond tread: Closed surface plating with raised diamond-shaped patterns or lugs on the surface.

b) Open-grip: Grating with raised perforated buttons.

c) Open-grip: Grating with open diamond pattern

d) Sand coat: Surface coated with sand-containing paint or paint to which sand has been applied before drying.

e) Flex tread: High-friction textured sheet material, comprised of a plastic film coated with silicon carbide abrasive
particles. The back of the film is coated with a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

12
o ISO ISO 11660-2:1994(E)

Annex B
(informative)

Bibliography

[1] ISO 2860:1992, Earth-moving machinery- Minimum access dimensions.

[2] ISO 2867: 1994, Earth-moving machinery - Access systems.

[3] ISO 3411: 1982, Earth-moving machinery - Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator
space envelope.

13
ISO 11660-2:1994(E) elSa

les 53.020.20
Descriptors: handling equipment, lifting equipment, mobile equipment, cranes (hoists), access facilities, safety devices,
specifications, safety requirements.
Price based on 13 pages