Electrical Engineering Department

Dr. Yasmine Zaghloul

ENGN 102: Signals and Systems

Problem 1:
Convolve the signals represented in the following figures:

𝐚.

Solution:

It is easier to shift 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) and fix 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕)

𝒇𝟐 (𝝉)
𝒇𝟏 (𝒕 − 𝝉)

−𝝉 + 𝟐

(𝟏) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝒕 < 𝟎:

𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝟎 (𝐍𝐨 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)

(𝟐) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟐:

𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
2𝜏 2
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = ∫ (2)(−𝜏 + 2) 𝑑𝜏 = ∫ (−2𝜏 + 4) 𝑑𝜏 = [− + 4𝜏]
0 0 2 0

= −𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕

1
(𝟑) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝟐 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟒:

2 2
2𝜏 2
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = ∫ (−2𝜏 + 4) 𝑑𝜏 = [− + 4𝜏] = 4 − [−(𝑡 − 2)2 + 4(𝑡 − 2)]
𝑡−2 2 𝑡−2

= 𝒕𝟐 − 𝟖𝒕 + 𝟏𝟔

(𝟒) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝒕 ≥ 𝟒:
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝟎 (𝐍𝐨 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)

−𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕 ,𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟐

∴ 𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 − 𝟖𝒕 + 𝟏𝟔 ,𝟐 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟒

{ 𝟎 , 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐰𝐢𝐬𝐞

Another Approach:

If you solve this the other way by fixing 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) and moving 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) from −∞ to ∞, you
should get the same final results. Try it for practice ☺

2
 𝐛.

Solution:

It is easier to shift 𝒇𝟐 (𝝉) and fix 𝒇𝟏 (𝝉)

𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 − 𝝉)

−(𝒕 − 𝝉) + 𝟏

(𝟏) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝒕 < 𝟎:

𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝟎 (𝐍𝐨 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)

(𝟐) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟏:

𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
𝜏3 𝜏2
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = ∫ 𝜏(𝜏 − 𝑡 + 1) 𝑑𝜏 = ∫ (𝜏 2 − 𝑡𝜏 + 𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 = [ + (1 − 𝑡)]
0 0 3 2 0

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
= 𝒕 − 𝒕
𝟐 𝟔

3
(𝟑) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝟏 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟐:

1 1 1
2
𝜏3 𝜏2
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = ∫ 𝜏(𝜏 − 𝑡 + 1) 𝑑𝜏 = ∫ (𝜏 − 𝑡𝜏 + 𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 = [ + (1 − 𝑡)]
𝑡−1 𝑡−1 3 2 𝑡−1

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= (𝟏 − (𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟑 ) + (𝟏 − (𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟐 ) − 𝒕 (𝟏 − (𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟐 )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐

(𝟒) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝒕 ≥ 𝟐:

𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝟎 (𝐍𝐨 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
𝒕 − 𝒕 , 𝟎≤𝒕<𝟏
𝟐 𝟔

∴ 𝒚(𝒕) = 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝟏 − (𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟑 ) + (𝟏 − (𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟐 ) − 𝒕 (𝟏 − (𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟐 ) , 𝟏≤𝒕<𝟐
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐

{ 𝟎 , 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐰𝐢𝐬𝐞

Another Approach:

If you solve this the other way by fixing 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) and moving 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) from −∞ to ∞, you
should get the same final results. Try it for practice ☺

4
Problem 2:

Compute the convolution 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡), where

Solution:

It is easier to shift 𝒉(𝒕) and fix 𝒙(𝒕)

𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝝅𝝉)

(𝟏) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝒕 < 𝟏:

𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝟎 (𝐍𝐨 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)

(𝟐) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝟏 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟑:

𝑡−1 𝑡−1
−2
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = ∫ 2 sin(𝜋𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 = [ cos(𝜋𝜏)]
0 𝜋 0

𝟐
= [ 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝝅(𝒕 − 𝟏)) ]
𝝅

5
(𝟑) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝟑 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟓:
2 2
−2
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = ∫ 2 sin(𝜋𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 = [ cos(𝜋𝜏)]
𝑡−3 𝜋 𝑡−3

𝟐
= [ 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝝅(𝒕 − 𝟑)) − 𝟏 ]
𝝅

(𝟒) 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝒕 ≥ 𝟓:

𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) ∗ 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝟎 (𝐍𝐨 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)

𝟐
[ 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝝅(𝒕 − 𝟏)) ] , 𝟏≤𝒕<𝟑
𝝅

∴ 𝒚(𝒕) = 𝟐
[ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝝅(𝒕 − 𝟑)) − 𝟏 ] , 𝟑≤𝒕<𝟓
𝝅

{ 𝟎 , 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆

6
Problem 3:

Find and sketch the response 𝒚(𝒕) of the LTI system with impulse response 𝒉(𝒕) to the input 𝒙(𝒕).

𝒙(𝒕) = 𝒂𝒕 + 𝒃

−1
3

Solution:

1. We can decompose 𝒉(𝒕) into two functions 𝒉𝟏 (𝒕) and 𝒉𝟐 (𝒕) as follows:

𝟒
, 𝟎<𝒕<𝟏 −𝟏
𝒉𝟏 (𝒕) = { 𝟑 & 𝒉𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝜹(𝒕 − 𝟐)
𝟑
𝟎 , 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆

Then, 𝒚(𝒕) can be computes as follows:

𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒙(𝒕) ∗ 𝒉(𝒕) = 𝒙(𝒕) ∗ [𝒉𝟏 (𝒕) + 𝒉𝟐 (𝒕)]

= 𝒙(𝒕) ∗ 𝒉𝟏 (𝒕) + 𝒙(𝒕) ∗ 𝒉𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝒚𝟏 (𝒕) + 𝒚𝟐 (𝒕)

Recall that

Convolution between any signal and unit impulse, results

−𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏
𝒚𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝒙(𝒕 − 𝟐) = [𝒂(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝒃] = [𝒂𝒕 − 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃]
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

7
2. We can compute 𝒚𝟏 (𝒕) as follows:
It is easier to shift 𝒉𝟐 (𝒕) and fix 𝒙(𝒕)

Note well

The two signals are overlapping/intersecting always from 𝝉 = 𝒕 − 𝟏

𝑡 𝑡
4 4 𝑎𝜏 2
𝒚𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝒙(𝒕) ∗ 𝒉𝟐 (𝒕) =∫ (𝑎𝜏 + 𝑏) 𝑑𝜏 = [ ( + 𝑏𝜏) ]
𝑡−1 3 3 2 𝑡−1

4 𝑎𝑡 2 𝑎(𝑡 − 1)2
= [( + 𝑏𝑡) − ( + 𝑏(𝑡 − 1))]
3 2 2

𝟒 𝒂
= [ 𝒂𝒕 − + 𝒃 ]
𝟑 𝟐

3. Finally, 𝒚(𝒕) can be written as follows:

𝟒 𝒂 𝟏
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒚𝟏 (𝒕) + 𝒚𝟐 (𝒕) = [ 𝒂𝒕 − + 𝒃 ] − [𝒂𝒕 − 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃] = 𝒂𝒕 + 𝒃 = 𝒙(𝒕)
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑

Sketch of y(t):