Young Achiever’s School of Caloocan, Inc.

Senior High School S.Y. 2019-2020

Research Output

Date: (March 03, 2020) Doc Ref # : (3)

Name of Proponent(s) Alto, Ma. Shainalyne R.

Bernal, Grace Ann R.

Cabe, Ernerisa T.

Caintapan, Kate M.

Canja, John Edrick A.

Dela Peña, Joseph D.

Palermo, Rady C.

Peque, Grythyll Grace I.

12-HE 1

Proposed Title

The Impact of the Rehabilitation of

Manila Bay on the Sales of Vendors in

the Year 2019-2020

1
 Approval Sheet

This research paper here to entitled:

The Impact of the Rehabilitation of Manila Bay on the Sales of Vendors

in the Year 2019-2020 prepared and submitted by Alto, Ma. Shainalyne R., Bernal, Grace

Ann R., Cabe, Ernerisa T., Caintapan, Kate M., Canja, John Edrick A., Dela Peña, Joseph D.,

Palermo, Rady C., Peque, Grythyll Grace I. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Practical

Research 2 has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for oral

defense.

Ms. Serah Mae V. Antonio

Research Adviser

Examined and Passed

Date:

2
 Acknowledgement

Foremost, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to our research advisor Ms.

Serah Mae V. Antonio for the continuous support to our research study, for her patience,

motivation, guidance, and giving us knowledge. Her guidance helped us all the time of research

and writing of this.

Besides our advisor, we would like to thank the rest of our panelist: Mr. Nasam, Ms.

Lumantaw and Mr. Valenzuela for their encouragement, insightful comments, and hard

questions.

We thank our fellow classmates for cheering and supporting us everytime. Last but not

the least, we would like to thank our family for allowing us to go in Manila bay for our research

survey and also for supporting us.

3
 Table of Contents

Page

Cover Page……………………………………………………………... 1

Approval Sheet………………………………………………………… 2

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………… 3

Table of Contents………………………………………………………. 4-5

Chapter 1

Introduction …………………………………………………………….. 6-7

Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………… 7-11

………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………...

Chapter 2

Foreign Literature ………………………………………………………. 12-16

Foreign Studies …………………………………………………………. 16-19

Local Literature ………………………………………………………… 19-22

Local Studies …………………………………………………………… 22-25

……………………………

Chapter 3

Research Design……………………………………………................... 26-28

………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………..

Chapter 4

Demographic Profile……………………………………………............ 28-35

4
Chapter 5

Summary……………………………………………............................... 35-38

………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………..

5
Chapter 1 – Introduction
This study tackles about the impact of the rehabilitation to the sales of the vendors

along Manila Bay. But before that let us first have a brief introduction about capital and the

chief city of the Philippines, Manila City. Out growing and industrialized centre has

undergone economic development since the World War 2. The city now has urban problems

like pollution, traffic congestion, overpopulation, unprivileged families and families that

doesn’t have proper house. Let’s focus more on the project rehabilitating Manila Bay that

faced a lot of changes within the city and the people living along the city.

DENR assured lawmakers that the Manila Bay Rehabilitation Program. The clean

Up of Manila Bay was brought up by House Minority Leader and Manila 6 th District Rep.

Bienvenido Abarte Jr. with a budget of about PHP 1.5 Billion. The program is called

“Battle for Manila Bay” launched in January 27, 2019.

It had mobilized 48,661 volunteers and inventoried 34,000 informal settlers families

living along waterways for relocation. The DENR’s budget for next year is 16 percent

higher than the PHP 21.959 billion it got for 2019. The Manila Bay rehabilitation, which

experts said could take years and is estimated at PHP 47 billion since Boracay underwent a

6 months rehabilitation. –Reganit, J. (2019)

Vendors has been the most affected here and the poor whose livelihoods and daily

incomes depend on selling foods, clothes, or other things that can be sell. “We are already

poor as it is, not being able to sell on the streets has made each day an even struggle” Kalaw

said. (who sells household items on one of the city’s footbridge)

They play a very big role in our daily life and greater economic schemes, hence they

are warranted how spaces are utilized. Some of HE students will get tourism cause by being
6
aware of the economic state and the face of poverty in our country. Students will be

enlighten on how the government runs through their own will, affecting our destination

image to our tourists and street vendors.

After all, the researchers wants to remind the readers that the sales of the vendors in

Manila Bay is mostly affected, especially by doing a lot of projects runs by the government.

The best example of that is the rehabilitation of Manila Bay.

Statement of the Problem

2. How does the rehabilitation affect the sales of the vendor?

3. Does the number of target consumers of the vendors decrease or increase upon the

rehabilitation of the Manila Bay?

Purpose/Objective of the Study

2. To compare the sales of the vendors before or after the rehabilitation.

3. To determine if the number of target consumers of the vendors decrease or increase

upon the rehabilitation of Manila Bay.

Significance of the Study

It will help the other residents along Manila Bay to have their business because they

will gain information that because of the rehabilitation, there is also a lot of people that is

visiting the spot to see the improvement of the Manila Bay. More people, more customers,

7
equivalent to higher sales.

Vendors

This study will help the vendors to have an idea that once there is an improvement

to the appearance of the certain place there is also a possibility of having a higher sale of

their businesses.

Tourism Management

This study will help the tourism management in terms of maintaining the tourist spot

attractive, because of this study they will have an information that once the spot is being

rehabilitate a lot of opportunity will come.

Government

This study will help the government to have an idea that making a project that is

helpful to our tourist spots is essential specially to the vendors that is selling products along

our spots.

Future Researchers

This study will help future researchers to have their source of information regarding

to their topic and also their guide in doing their study.

Scope and Limitation

Bay. The researchers conduct the research along Manila Bay. This will start from January to

March 2020 and will need 50 respondents to tally all the answers of the respondents. The scope

8
of our survey is along the front of Manila Bay while the limit of our survey is near Manila Ocean

Park and Mall of Asia.

Hypothesis
The researchers predicted that the possible outcome of their study is positive one

because there is an impact to the sales of the vendors along Manila Bay.

Conceptual Framework

9
Rehabilitation of
Manila Bay

Vendors along
Manila Bay

Daily
Sales

10

Increased of
Definition of Terms

Affect- have an effect on; make a difference to.

Ambiance- the character and atmosphere of a place

Government- is the system or group of people governing an organize community,

often a state.

Impact- the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another.

Informal Settlers- areas where groups of housing units have been constructed on

land that the occupants have no legal claim to, or occupy illegally.

Maintenance- the process of maintaining or preserving someone or something, or

the state of being maintained.

Population- a particular section, group or type of people or animals leaving in an area

or country.

Respondents- a person who replies to something, especially one supplying

information for a survey or questionnaire or responding to an advertisement.

Rehabilitation- the action of restoring something that has been damaged to its former

condition.

Residents- the one who resides in a place.

Sales- the exchanged of a commodity for money; the action of selling something.

11
 Tourist- a person who is travelling or visiting a place for pleasure.

Traffic Congestion- is when vehicles travel slower because there is too much traffic

on roads.

Unprivileged- not having special rights, advantages, or immunities.

Vendors- a person or company offering something for sale, especially a trader in the

street.

Chapter 2 - Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

The rehabilitation of the Tampa Bay Estuary, Florida, USA, as an example of

successful integrated coastal management.

The Tampa Bay Ecosystem is located in the state of Florida, USA. The 6739 km2

ecosystem has undergone major changes due to coastal development, including dredging for

maintenance and expansion of the 10th largest port in the USA. (R.R Lewis III and R.T Paul)

Declines in commercial and recreational fisheries harvests and coastal wildlife

12
populations followed similar trends in declines.

This is relevant to our study because it also undergone major changes which is

microplastic abundance that shows a major problem of manila bay, that leads to rehabilitate to

avoid the health problems especially the residence and vendors around manila bay.

Participation of local communities in mangrove forest rehabilitation in

Pattani Bay, Thailand: learning from successes and failures.

The approach and achievements of a project on community participation in mangrove

forest rehabilitation in Pattani Bay, a wetland of international importance in Southern Thailand,

are described. By working together with local communities in three villages around the bay, this

project aimed to restore severely degraded sites of former mangroves. This three-year project

followed an approach of combined environmental rehabilitation and socio-economic

improvements, placing greater emphasis on the process than on outputs, and facilitating

initiatives of the community, rather than ideas of the project team.

Local ownership of the project and effective community participation were considered

crucial to achieve sustainable impacts. The project focused its main activities on strengthening

community organization, building environmental awareness, mangrove rehabilitation through

hydrological restoration and replanting of seedlings, support to alternative livelihood initiatives,

and information dissemination. (PLA Erftemeijer, et. al 2002)

Although far from completely successful, the project has been able to support several

income-generating activities of the communities, has successfully enhanced their environmental

awareness, and has received their cooperation in the replanting of 30 ha of community mangrove
13
forest for which a community-based management plan has been prepared.

There is an Urgent Need to Clean Up Our Oceans

Oceans cover about 71% of the earth and we humans live in just a bit more than a quarter

of the earth covered in the land. Plastic debris kills marine life in two major ways. The fishes or

mammals entangle in the plastic fibers, restricting their movement or even the ability to feed or

breathe. Secondly, the plastic debris can be ingested by marine life, poisoning their internals and

killing them in the process. Plastic debris makes up only a fraction of marine pollution, the rest

of it is contributed by wastewater and industrial waste that further makes the water inhabitable

for marine life. (Vyas, K. June 08, 2019)

We cannot turn a blind eye to marine pollution anymore. It has become a global crisis

that will kill off all the marine life, and then turn to humans to avenge what has been done to

oceans of the world. Ocean cleanup is the only way we can help both marine life and lives that

depend on it from further damages. We cannot just pick up plastic one by one, because it is going

to take forever. Also, as we discussed before, most of these plastics are very small in size.

Another way we can contribute is by supporting organizations that are aimed at cleaning up the

oceans. Even a little volunteer work goes a long way. Without proper awareness or action, the

oceans of the world will merely become polluted water that cannot sustain life, and this will

affect the rivers and lakes which will, in turn, threaten the foundation of human life. (Vyas, K.

June 08, 2019)

This study is relevant to our topic because it discussed how the ocean affects when

people become irresponsible about their trashes. In a simple way of throwing trashes in the

14
ocean, it affects billions of marine life that can cause their death and can pollute the ocean. Base

on this study, it shows that many people forgot how important is the cleanliness of our

environment even in land or water that can also affect our daily living. That's why this becomes

one of the problems that every country facing now. Because of this problem, our government

looking for a way to resolve and avoid it and also will need support from other people using

funds, donations, and volunteers. Without the proper discipline to ourselves, our environment

will polluted that cannot sustain life.

It took 5 years, now the Ocean Cleanup system is heading to the Great Pacific

Garbage Patch

Ocean Pacific cleanup system was slowly but steadily being towed out to its eventual,

audacious goal of ridding the world’s oceans of plastic pollution. Five years in the making, the

Ocean Cleanup is the brainchild of a young Dutchman named Boyan Slat. He saw plastic trash

polluting the waters in Greece when he was diving there in high school and he became obsessed

with cleaning it up. A vague idea became a plan, then a project that became a TED talk that

found crowd-funded seed money. “We went through cycles: come up with an idea, build it, test

it, break it, improve it and then get a new idea and start all over again,” Holierhoek said. “The

results have been extraordinary. (Weise, E. September 09, 2018)

The Ocean Cleanup is a passive system that consists of a 2,000-foot floating boom made

up of plastic piping four feet in diameter. Once deployed it will form into a broad U-shape.

Below the booms, a 9-foot skirt will corral the plastic trash floats in the top layers of the seas.

The idea is that eventually, it will be able to stay in the ocean on its own, passively collecting

15
plastic. The plastic trash will be transported back to shore where the plan is to recycle it into

items that can be sold, making the entire process self-supporting. “I hope the Ocean Cleanup can

be an inspiration for other people to just get going. If you don’t like something, try to fix it.” –

Boyan Slat

This study becomes relevant to our topic because it discussed their plan on how they can

save the ocean from plastic trash that can affect its image and marine lives. It tells their plan

about the system that they're going to do to succeed in their goal to bring back the cleanliness in

the ocean. Even there plan is expensive and needs more study, they make sure that it will be safe

for the people and marine life that involved in their project. Because of the support of the

government and other people, their plan for the ocean to clean is in a good system, working, and

in good condition.

Public support and priorities for seismic rehabilitation in the East Bay region

of Northern California.

A mail survey was conducted on a sample of 727 residents of Alameda County CA.

The goals of the study were to obtain data on public perceptions of likely damage and

disruption following Bay Area earthquake, judgments concerning the criticality of various

elements in the built environment, and willingness to pay programs to strengthen structures and

lifelines. (K. Tierney, 2000)

This article is relevant to our study because in this statements it informing us on how they

16
can cop-up with the changes they’ve overcome after the rehabilitation of their bay.

Foreign Studies

Public perceptions and attitudes toward environmental rehabilitation of the

Lower Green Bay Watershed

Under the terms of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and

Canada, remedial action plans (RAPs) must be prepared for 42 areas of concern along the shores

of the Great Lakes.

A plan for a environmental rehabilitation of the upper facts river and lower green bay of

Lake Michigan was one of the first such plan prepared. (P. Johnsen, 1992)

This is related to our study because this is also about rehabilitation their bay and this

article consist of information about their situation.

The rescue, rehabilitation, and release of a stranded Finless Porpoise at Bohai

Bay of China

A stranded female west pacific finless porpoise was found in the shallows of Bohai Bay,

China, on 30 March 2008. It was moderately dehydrated.

After transportation to Beijing Aquarium, medical treatment and rehabilitation were

conducted. (J. Yu, 2009)

17
 This article is relevant to our study because it tells the importance of rehabilitating the

bay and how rehabilitation affects their daily lives.

Estuary rehabilitation: the Green Bay story

Lake Michigan 's Green Bay, the largest freshwater estuary in the world, has been very

productive over the years .

However, misuse and overexploitation of the Green Bay Estuary offers a classic example

of where economic activities focused on the land and water have led not only to enormous

benefits but also to large and unanticipated consequences.( Hallett J, et. al. 1988)

Starting during the industrialization of the mid-1800s, the fish, timber, land, and water of

Green Bay and its watershed faced increasing pressure. Green Bay 's ability to trap nutrients

hastened.

Rehabilitation and protection of Colwyn Bay Beach: a case study

The present study aims at characterizing the beach rehabilitation and protection.

The method applied to characterize the foreshore morphological evolution was the

assessment of the shoreline evolution. The sedimentologic contents of the beach were

characterized based on the analysis of superficial samples. The hydrodynamic characterization

was based on the analysis of the wave climate at three inshore points in front of the beach and of

the tidal surge levels. (FSBF Oliveria, 2011)

This article is relevant to our study because it tells what happen to them after the rehabilitation.

18
Rehabilitation and Conservation the Sea grass meadows at Cam Hai dong,

Cam Rahn Bay, Khanh Hoa Province, Centreal Vietnam.

The shallow costal area of Khanh Hoa province is often covered by sea grass beds

especially in Cam Ranh bay area where the sea grass beds have concentrated distribution with

the superficies up to the more than 1000 ha, there are 6 common species of sea grass have been

found there, among them Enhalus acoroids which has long leaves (1-2 m), dense density (40-100

shoots/m2) and high cover (70-100%) is dominant. The sea grass ecosystems play an important

role in the biodiversity, marine resources and ecological balance.

It is relevant to our study because it gives information about the condition of the bay that

is also connected to our study.

Local Literature

Evaluating the impacts of Mangrove rehabilitation in Cogtong Bay,

Philippines.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been hailed worldwide as vehicles toward

sustainable development (SD) in coastal zones. The prominent model by which MPAs operate is

through a co-management approach, a shift from traditional top-down management.

The result of their evaluation, showed that there were significant improvements in all

indicators under the efficiency criterion but mixed impacts in the equity and sustainable criteria.

(Maliao, Ronald J., 2008)

It is relevant to our study because it gives information about the impact of rehabilitation
19
of their bay and how does it affect their lives.

Manila bay reclamation and it's impacts on the people and environment

This is on the as the location of the oldest and busiest international port in the Philippines,

Manila bay is a prime location to study the evology and Dynamics of marine biological in

tropical high marine biodiversity environment the bay is historically within the center of marine.

(RCECOETAL 2018)

This is on the people and environment manila bay was once a productive fishing area

destructive fishing practices massive pollution and unabated land conversion of wet lands and

coastal areas have contributed to marine ecosystems deterioration the Philippines government

has a clear directive to rehabilitate and preserve manila bay through the write.

This is related to our study because the manila bay reclamation and it's impacts on the

people and environment have contributed to ecosystem deterioration has a clear directive to

rehabilitate unabated land conversion of not lands and coastal.

Manila Bay: Environment challenges and opportunities

According to Jacinto et al.., in 1998 Manila bay is a shallow estuary receiving drainage

from immediate watershed through tributaries and major river systems. The population of cities

and municipalities within the bay's catchment areas is estimated at 16 million people (approx.

18% of the population of the Philippines) with 8 million people inhabating the Pasig river

watershed.

Large amounts of waste drain into the bay from domestic discharge since only 15% of the

20
population is connected to the Metro manila sewerage system (IMO 1994). The rest of the

population discharge their waste to septic tanks or directly to rivers that end up in the bay. With

the rapid increase in population and industrialization within the Manila bay region water quality

has deteriorated.

Manila bay is already eutrophic or at least eutrophic from time to time. Eutrophication is

characterized by an increase in the rate of supply of organic matter to an ecosystem. Either

primary production by autrotrophs within the system (autochthonous carbon) or by production

due to an input of organic matter from outside of system.

Environmental Assessment of Metal Pollution in Manila Bay Surface

Sediments

The bay has served as a major avenue for trade and commerce and considered to be the

second most productive fishing ground in the country Manila Bay is one of the important coastal

marine ecosystems in country. (Perez et al. 1999)

More importantly the interest over heavy metal pollution in the marine environment has a

become a rising concern due to human activities that contribute significantly to the release of

agricultural, domestic and industrial wastes along the coastal areas of manila bay

This is related to our study because the environmental assessment of metal pollution in

Manila Bay surface sendiments are essential biological elements some are not essential and can

be toxic even at very low concentrations the impact of pollution on health and the environment

more importantly that contribute significantly to the release of industrial wastes along the coastal

21
areas of Manila Bay.

Manila Bay a daunting challenge in environmental rehabilitation and

protection

Over the past decade Manila has been outgrowing and industrialized city being the chief

and capital city of the Philippines. Removing tons of garbage and dredging in Manila Bay aren’t

enough to overcome the dilemma facing the ocean. This project is good for our country by this

project, government is once again putting some effort into solving the problem of pollution in

Manila Bay. La Viña (2019)

Many informal settler families and a number of local establishments have been relocated

before starting the project. “It is not the poor who should be blamed. It is the persistent lack of

the government to deal with proper waste management”. Dulce (2019)

It is related to our study because many families has been affected nu the rehabilitation.

Their source of income are most likely to be affected due to the closing of Manila Bay. Vendors

with small business that earn little amount of money will be facing lost of customers.

Local Study

Heavy Metal concentrations in sediments from Manila bay, Philippines and

inflowing rivers

Manila bay is a semi-enclosed coastal water and marine inlet of the south china sea. It has

22
a coastline of approximately 190 km, a surface area of about 1800 km2. And an average depth

of about 50 m. It as also considered as one of the country's important bodies of water as it is the

site of an international port and major fishing ground and aquiculture site for oysters and

mussels.

Recently, however, there had been a change in the fish population of the bay. It was

reported that the volume of desirable species had diminished considerably (Munoz. 1991) A

significant amount of wastewaters drained into the bay originates from heavily populated and

industrialized Metropolitan Manila (Chua et al.., 1989)

Therefore, it is suggested that a continuous monitoring of the area should be implemented

considering that the bay is a site of important fishing, shell fishing and aquiculture activities.

Aseana City Locators participate in Manila Bay rehabilitation

The Aseana Business Park Estate Association an organization of locators and lot owners

of Aseana City (Formely Aseana Business Park) Government clean up the Manila Bay and

nearby esteros (Cabe E. et al. 2020)

However, garbage and other pollutants from countless land and sea based sources have

been an eyesore and health issue at manila bay with the ambition to restore the bay to its former

glory the department.

This is related to our study because the Aseana Business Park Estate Association an

organization Manila Bay is a natural harbor that host one of the world most majestic sunsets and

the formerly Aseana Business Park has joined the call of the government to clean up Manila Bay

and nearby esteros. However, garbage and other pollutants from countless land and sea based
23
sources have been an eyesore and health issue at manila bay with the ambition to restore the bay

to its former glory the department.

Sustainable coral reef ecosystem management in Bacuit Bay, El nido Palawan:

A conservation effort on coral reef rehabilitation.

The alteration of the coral reef environment brought by natural and anthropogenic disasters

has major consequences to the welfare of this vital ecosystem and human beings. To conserve

the coral reefs despite the unavoidable and rapid changes, different approaches have been

conducted to further expand the existing coral rehabilitation and conservation techniques. (F,

Cayatoc 2015)

Coral fragments been planted in concrete blocks, elevated platforms and dome-shaped

coral frames. Comparing the three substrates, coral blocks ranked the highest in terms of survival

rate at an average mean of 98.67% and platforms the lowest at 90.74%.

This study is relevant to our topic because it gives information about rehabilitating the

ocean.

Philippines-Laguna De Bay community water shied rehabilitation project.

Trans-boundary Biosphere Reserve Project for Latin America and Caribbean Region

improves the national and bi-national management of the area of the proposed Corazon Trans-

boundary Biosphere Reserve (CTBR), respecting the rights of traditional populations. (Jan C, et.

Al 1999)

The project has six components: Component 1 supports the creation and consolidation of

24
the coordination mechanisms for the Corazon Trans-boundary Biosphere Reserve. This

component also seeks to consolidate indigenous land rights.

This article is related to our study because Laguna De bay is also being rehabilitated and

it has an effect also to their community just like in Manila Bay.

Community Needs Assessment of Municipalities Along Tayabas Bay

The primary purpose of this study is to assess the community needs of the municipalities

along the Tayabas Bay and to develop a proposed action plan to address the identified needs.

This descriptive mixed method research was accomplished by surveying with the residents of

selected Tayabas bay municipalities and key informant interview participated by community

members and local government officials. (M. Lawas, C. Takeda, N. Del Moro, 2018)

The study has found out that water remains a significant problem in most municipalities,

especially on the availability of clean and potable waters for daily consumption. While the

supply of food is enough, the means to purchase these goods may become a serious challenge

given the poverty incidence rate of the municipalities situated along the Tayabas Bay. (M.

Lawas, C. Takeda, N. Del Moro, 2018)

This article is related to our study because people’s income is greatly affected by seasonal

and climate changes since most of them rely on agriculture and fisheries. The study also revealed

that the need to empower women most specifically in the livelihood aspect is necessary and this

requires further effort and initiatives among the community members, local government, and

even the private sectors.

25
Chapter 3 – Research Design and Methodology

Research Design

Quantitative research design relates to the design of research project which uses

quantitative research methods. It involves large sample size concentrating on the quality of

responses as opposed to gain more focus on emotional insight. This type of research design tends

to be a closed-ended question. Researchers used non- experimental quantitative research design

specifically because it is a type of research design that doesn't have any intervention and no

causation. It also refers to variable that could not be manipulated by the researchers. In this study

researcher are unable to manipulate their participants from the vendors along Manila Bay.

Sampling Procedure

Convenience sampling technique is the sampling technique used by the researchers as

sampling method under non- probability sampling technique (a sampling technique in which

sample from a large population are chosen). The researchers have decided to use convenience

sampling for their easy accessibility of basic data and it would not give a problem to find for

26
other participants if some participants answers are not applicable or cannot be used in the study.

Participants of the Study

The respondents are vendors along Manila Bay. And will need at least minimum of 40

respondents. The respondents can be male or female . The respondents must be a vendor in

Manila Bay, a food or even a toy vendor, are qualified to become the respondents of this study.

Data Gathering Procedure

First, the researchers printed out an excuse letter for the teachers of Young Achievers'

School of Caloocan, Inc. for the permission to make a survey outside the campus. Second, the

researchers went to Manila Bay to find a respondents that they need for their study. Third, they

chose the vendors who are available and who's willing to answer on their survey. But while the

survey is ongoing the researchers faced a lot of problems like there’s a lot of vendors are didn’t

want to be part of the study because they think that the researchers is a people from media. And

there is also vendors that have a condition that after they answer the questions on the interview

the researchers need to pay 500 pesos. And lastly, we gathered the questionnaire and thanked

our respondents.

Research Instrument

Survey is a method of collecting data attained by asking individual questions. It is use to

gather opinions, belief, and feelings of selected groups of individuals. Questionnaire is a

common type of survey that consist of a series of questions for the purpose of gathering

27
information from respondents. Researchers used survey as their research instrument.

Questionnaire are divided into different parts mainly; Part I Demographic profile, Part II

Questions, Part III Likert scale table. It will serve as the data used by the researchers.

Statistical Treatment

A Descriptive Statistics is a summary that quantitatively describes or summarizes features

of a collection of information which can be either be a representation of the population or sample

size. In this study the descriptive statistics is shown in the Demographic Profile that shows the

percentage of the gender of the respondents. Mean has been used to determine the average of the

total data by dividing the total data divided by the total number of respondents. Median has been

used to determine the middle class of the given set of data and computed by getting the total

frequency divided by two. Mode is the set data values that appears most often. Frequency

Distribution Table; displays the frequency of various outcomes in the given set of data. It

determines the certain outcome of the study. It also helps to organize the collected data.

Chapter 4 – Results and Discussions

28
 A. Demographic Profile

Our respondents are male and female. 32.5% of our respondents are female while 67.5%

of our respondents are male.

The age of

our

respondents are ranging from 10 years old to 70 years old. 2.5% percent are 10-18 years old,

47.5% percent are 18-30 years old, 32.5% percent are 31-50 years old, 17.5% percent are 51-70

29
years old.

This graph states that 90% of the respondents are vendor of food s and 10% are vendor of

toys.

B. Other individual questions

Item 1: The researchers asked in the questionnaire if they are agree of rehabilitating of Manila

Bay, 39 of the respondents said Yes and 1 said No.

Item 2: 38 of the respondents said that the rehabilitation of Manila Bay affects their daily

income while the 2 of them said that the rehabilitation didn’t affects their income.

C. Tables with the same choice

Table A

Item 1: All of the respondents answered Moderately Aware.

30
Item 2: Most of the respondents (87.5%) answered Moderately Aware, 7.5% answered 7.5

and 5% answered Very Aware.

Item 3: All of the respondents answered Moderately Aware.

Item 4: Most of the respondents (92.5%) answered Moderately Aware and the rest

answered Very Aware.

Item 5: Most of the respondents (72.5%) answered Unaware, 20% answered Moderately

Aware and 7.5% answered Very Aware.

Table B

Item 1: 82.5% of the respondents answered Agree, 15% answered Neutral and 2.5%

answered Disagree.

Item 2: 100% of the respondents answered Neutral.

Item 3: Most of the respondents (85%) answered Agree and 15% answered Neutral.

Item 4: 60% of the respondents answered Neutral, 22.5% answered Agree and 17.5%

answered Disagree.

Item 5: 65% of the respondents answered Strongly Agree, 12% of the respondents answered

Agree, 5% answered Disagree and 2.5% answered Neutral.

Item 6 to 10: Most of the respondents (90%) answered Agree while the rest answered

Neutral and Disagree.

31
Grouped Frequency Distribution

Table A Formula:

 Sturges’ Formula: 1+ (3.322) (logN)

1+ (3.322) (1.6020)

(4.322) (1.6020)

= 6.92

Class Interval= 7

 Range: 15-8= 7

Class Size

 7/7= 1

Class Limits C. B. Frequency Class Mark C. F.

8-9 7.5-9.5 30 8.5 30

10-11 9.5-11.5 9 10.5 39

12-13 11.5-13.5 0 12.5 39

14-15 13.5-15.5 1 14.5 40

16-17 15.5-17.5 0 16.5 40

18-19 17.5-19.5 0 18.5 40

40

Histogram

The highest class mark is 20.5 which displays that most of the respondents are aware

regarding to the basic information about Rehabilitation of Manila Bay. The lowest class mark is

8.5 wherein some of the respondents are not aware about the basic information of the project

rehabilitation of Manila Bay.

Table B Formula:

 Sturges’ Formula: 1+ (3.322) (logN)

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 1+ (3.322) (1.6020)

(4.322) (1.6020)

= 6.92

Class Interval= 7

 Range: 42-23= 19

Class Size

 19/7= 2.71

=3

Class Limits C. B. Frequency Class Mark C. F.

23-25 22.5-25.5 1 24 1

26-28 25.5-28.5 0 27 1

29-31 28.5-31.5 2 30 3

32-34 31.5-34.5 1 33 4

35-37 34.5-37.5 4 36 8

38-40 37.5-40.5 31 39 39

41-43 40.5-44.5 1 42 40

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 40

Histogram

The highest class mark is 42 which displays that most of the respondents strongly agreed

and agreed that rehabilitation of Manila Bay has an impact to their daily lives specifically to their

sales. The lowest class mark is 24 wherein some of the respondents disagreed that rehabilitation

of Manila Bay has an impact to them.

Chapter 5 – Summary
This study was conducted to determine the impact of rehabilitation of Manila Bay to the

vendors along that place. The researchers gathered participants from Manila Bay. This research

had a 27 male respondents and 13 female respondents with a total of 40 respondents. The

35
researchers begun to conduct a survey using a questionnaire to gather data. According to the data

that were collected, majority of the respondents (47.5%) ages 18 to 30 yrs. old, (32.5%) ages 31

to 50 yrs. old, (17.5%) 51 to 70 yrs. old, and the least (2.5%) 10 to 18 yrs. old., 36 of the

respondents is a vendor of foods while 4 of them are selling toys.

Most of the respondents are agree to the project rehabilitation of Manila Bay because it has

a lot effects to their daily lives like to their health, based on them when the rehabilitation started

their health improved. They feel fresh air and the smell of the bay really changed good. And they

also said that because of the rehabilitation of Manila Bay their daily sales increased because

there’s a lot of people who visiting the Manila Bay who also buy their products.

Rehabilitation of Manila Bay also helped our tourism management because there is another

tourist spot that had been restored.

Conclusions

The researchers therefore conclude that rehabilitation of Manila Bay has a big impact to

the people along Manila Bay specially to the vendors and to their income.

Recommendations

1. For the vendors

Help the government to maintain the cleanliness of our tourist spots because it

will help to have more customers, that is also for the sake of your health.

2. For the government

Continue the project rehabilitating other tourist spots, because it has a lot of
36
impacts specially to our economy.

3. For the society

Don’t let our tourist spots be damaged because of our irresponsible doings.

37
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Rehabilitation of the Tampa Bay Estuary, Florida, USA, as an Example of Successful

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 Johnsen, P, Knaap, G, Smith, L. (2008, September 30). Public perceptions and attitudes

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https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08920759209362159

 Yu, J. (2009). Aquatic Mammals. The Rescue, Rehabilitation, and Release of a Stranded

Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides sunameri) at Bohai Bay of China.

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elease_of_a_Stranded_Finless_Porpoise_Neophocaena_phocaenoides_sunameri_at_Boha

i_Bay_of_China

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and Protection. Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?

handle=hein.journals/porril11&div=22&id=&page=

 Prudente, M, Ichihashi, H, Tatsukawa, R. (1994). Heavy metal concentrations in

sediments from Manila Bay, Philippines and inflowing rivers. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15091649

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rehabilitation. Retrieved from https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/287986
Reviewed by: Endorsed by:

Ms. Serah Mae V. Antonio Mr. Alfredo Moran

39