Navy Theater-Wide Defense

AEGIS LEAP Intercept (ALI)/STANDARD Missile Three (SM-3)

Flight Test Program Overview

by Scott D. Robinson
STANDARD Missile Company
McLean, VA

Submitted to the 6th Annual AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness

Conference and Exhibit
August 18-22, 1997

Flight Test Technology and Results Session

August 21, 1997

CVJ NCCOSC RDT&E Division (NRaD)

San Diego, CA

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is

unlimited.

Navy Theater-Wide Defense

[lino QUALITY INSPECTED 3
 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

AEGIS LEAP Intercept (ALI)/STANDARD Missile Three (SM-3)

Flight Test Program Overview

by Scott D. Robinson
Senior Test and Evaluation Engineer
STANDARD Missile Company
McLean, VA

Background Navy's SM-2 Block Mil Extended

Range STANDARD Missiles and the
The Navy Theater-Wide (NTW) Terrier shipboard combat system. This
program was established to investigate project culminated in a series of four
the Navy's tremendous and unique increasingly complex at-sea flight tests of
potential to provide the U.S. with a various versions of the modified Terrier
crucial, rapidly deployable, highly LEAP missile. It was completed in
mobile, and readily sustainable long- March of 1995. Terrier LEAP
range Theater Ballistic Missile Defense successfully demonstrated several
(TBMD) capability. To minimize the important NTW features: 1) the
development risk inherent in this infusion of advanced BMDO interceptor
extremely challenging endeavor, the technologies into existing Navy
program was divided into several STANDARD Missile systems; 2) the
evolutionary phases. The initial phases incorporation of several critical TBMD
of the program include a series of enhancements to the long-range SM-2;
technology development and flight test and 3) the potential of the integrated
demonstration activities involving the STANDARD Missile LEAP
integration of advanced Ballistic Missile technologies to perform the theater-wide
Defense (BMD) interceptor technologies or "upper-tier" portion of TBMD.
with existing Navy Anti-Air Warfare
(AAW) systems. The flight tests are The encouraging results of the Terrier
designed to demonstrate the feasibility LEAP program led to the formal
and the utility of the NTW concept initiation of the next phase of the NTW
before formal commitment to a Major flight test program, the AEGIS LEAP
Defense Acquisition Program (MDAP). Intercept (ALI) program. This project is
incorporating enhanced versions of the
The first phase of the NTW flight test LEAP and STANDARD Missile
program, the Terrier Lightweight interceptor technologies demonstrated
ExoAtmospheric Projectile (LEAP) during Terrier LEAP into the newly
Technology Demonstration Program, developed SM-2 Block IV Extended
involved integration of several Ballistic Range missile and the associated
Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) Advanced Electronic Guided Interceptor
developed LEAP technologies with the System (AEGIS) Weapon System
 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

(AWS). The objective of this phase of TBMD capability and, potentially, to a

the NTW program is to demonstrate follow-on tactical capability shortly after
intercept of a tactical ballistic missile the turn of the century.
(TBM)-representative target with a
kinetic warhead outside of the
atmosphere ~ an objective essential to Program Description
the progress of the NTW program. To
streamline the development process, the Missile Description:
ALI program is leveraging heavily off of
not only the Terrier LEAP interceptor The ALI program, with its newly
technologies, but also the modifications designated "SM-3" missile, evolves the
made to the shipboard AWS for the two stage endoatmospheric SM-2 Block
Navy Area (lower-tier) TBMD program IV AAW missile into a four stage,
as well as the missile and Vertical exoatmospheric, "hit-to-kill" TBM
Launching System (VLS) technology interceptor. Figure 1. provides an
enhancements demonstrated during the overview of the SM-3 round and its
SM-2 Block IV development and major sub-assemblies.
operational testing (DT/OT).
The Block IV propulsion train [MK-72
Recent world events have continued to booster, MK-104 Dual Thrust Rocket
highlight the necessity of a long-range Motor (DTRM), and Steering Control
Naval TBMD capability. The urgent Section (SCS)] remains unchanged.
need for NTW technology coupled with However, forward of the DTRM are
the tremendous potential of the several new and/or repackaged
STANDARD Missile LEAP interceptor components. Attached to the forward
has recently led BMDO to designate the end of the DTRM is a newly developed
NTW program as a "Core BMD Staging Assembly (SA). This assembly
Program" as recommended during the includes the new second stage batteries
President's Bottom-Up Review of 1993. (two 160V and one 28 V), the second
Moreover, in a letter dated December 3, stage Power Changeover Unit (PCU),
1996, the Under Secretary of Defense and a third stage separation system that
reemphasized the importance of the is evolved from and very similar to the
NTW program and selected it as "a pre- Terrier LEAP system. The forward end
MDAP program, an effort which may of the SA is attached to the third stage
eventually become a MDAP . . . ." He using four explosive bolts. When the
also directed that the ALI program explosive bolts are fired (via transfer
ensure it is prepared to enter into the lines attached to a common, redundantly
acquisition life-cycle at an appropriate actuated ordnance manifold) they
future date. Therefore, program planning fracture. Then, a stack of Belleville
is under way to comply with this washer springs detaches the third stage
direction. A successful ALI program from the second and provides a small
could lead to a User Operational relative separation impulse. This
Evaluation System (UOES) contingency
 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

assembly remains with the DTRM upon separation. At the aft end of the third

1st/2nd Stage
Separation Plane

2nd/3rd Stage
Separation Plane

3rd/4th Stage Unmodified SM-2 Block IV Elements

• DTRM (MK104)
Separation Plane
• SCS and Control Surfaces
• Booster (MK72)

! Adapted from a
combination of Terrier
LEAP and Block IV function^

Nosecone KW Assembly Guidance Section TSRM Assembly Staging

Assembly

Figure 1. SM-3 Round Overview

stage and replacing the Block IV rubber thermal barrier integrated as part
explosive warhead section is a new Third of the case liner) that provide two
Stage Rocket Motor (TSRM) assembly. independent pulses on command. This
The TSRM is evolved from the BMDO controllable, multi-pulse design has been
developed Terrier LEAP Advanced Solid demonstrated during previous Thiokol
Axial Stage (ASAS) motor. It research and development activities.
incorporates a similar graphite-epoxy Additionally, the TSRM diameter and
composite case-on-propellant design, length have been increased to allow for
consumable igniters, and approximately greater propellant mass and increased
205 lbs of proven TP-H-3340 delivered impulse. With the increase in
Aluminum/Ammonium Perchlorate motor external diameter to that of the
(Al/AP) propellant with a Hydroxyl DTRM & SA (13.5 inches), the TSRM
Terminated PolyButadiene (HTPB) is no longer mounted inside of a metal
binder. However, to improve energy shroud. Instead, the 38 inch long TSRM
management flexibility, the TSRM now case and end rings now serve as a
includes two separate propellant grains structural element of the SM-3 airframe.
(separated by a Kevlar-filled EPDM Therefore, cork insulation will be added
 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

to the exterior of the composite case to Forward of the TSRM is the modified
protect it during ascent. Also, four cable SM-3 Guidance Section (GS). This
strakes have been extended forward of section includes a SM-2 plate 3 A
the dorsal fin assemblies to allow for communications transceiver; a redesigned
cable routing from the avionics section, and repackaged avionics assembly; a
along the TSRM case, to the aft end of power plate; a silica-phenolic insulated,
the TSRM and the lower stages. To lightweight aluminum shroud; and the
accomodate these strakes and enable AEGIS Link, GPS, and telemetry
smooth separation of the second and antennas. Plate 3A retains the existing
third stages, the forward edge of the AEGIS Link capability and is
Block IV dorsal fin design has been unmodified from SM-2 Block IV. The
modified slightly by the addition of a avionics suite incorporates all of the
separation joint. Terrier LEAP guidance and control
functions, including a Global Positioning
The aft end of the TSRM assembly, System Aided Inertial Navigation
very similar to Terrier LEAP, includes a System (GAINS), into ten circuit card
silica-phenolic, omniaxis, Thrust Vector assemblies (CCAs) housed in a
Controlled (TVC), flexseal nozzle; an lightweight structure. This assembly is
electro-mechanical thrust vector shown in Figure 2. The avionics CCAs
actuation (TVA) system; and a densely in order from front to rear are: a
packaged, hybrid (hot and cold gas) PCU/power regulator card, a telemeter
attitude control system (ACS). The card, a Flight Termination System (FTS)
ACS includes four solid propellant hot CCA, an encoder/decoder
gas generators (2000° F flame communications card, the GAINS
temperature) for fast-response, high- receiver/processor CCA, an AEGIS
impulse pointing maneuvers; and a Input/Output (I/O) card, a Stage 2
torroidal cold gas (10,000 psi GN2) tank Control Computer (S2CC), a Stage 3
for lower-impulse maneuvers, roll Control Computer (S3CC), an Electro-
control, and station keeping. These Explosive Device (EED) controller, and
systems provide sustained control of the a TSRM controller.
third stage at high altitudes after
separation from the second stage. On All of these CCAs are connected to a
the forward end of the TSRM are two parent board in a Virtual Memory
motor safe and arm (S&A) devices, one Expandable (VME) backplane chassis
mounted in the motor bore for pulse one, design. The EED controller design has
and one on the dome for pulse two. been improved from Terrier and replaces
Also on the forward dome is a thrust all squib switches with Field Effect
termination system composed of a Transistors (FETs). Also, the large
flexible linear shaped charge (FLSC), two number of single-shot EEDs used in the
FTS S&As, and two explosive transfer Terrier LEAP design (49) has been
assemblies (ETAs). The FTS design is reduced to 38.
unchanged from Terrier LEAP.
 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

Attached to the forward end of the shaped items such as the third stage,
avionics suite is the "power plate." The FTS, and TSRM batteries; the ring-laser
power plate includes the remaining oddly gyroscope Inertial

Avionics Suite
Housing Cover

CCA Arrangement
Regulator (not shown)
Telemeter
FTS
Encoder/Decoder
GAINS
Aegis I/O
Stage 2 CPU
Stage 3 CPU
EED
TSRM Controller
Parent Board
Avionics Suite
Housing

Figure 2. Avionics Suite Layout

Measurement Unit (IMU); the range GAINS system with required

required Ultra High Frequency (UHF) initialization information (GPS satellite
FTS transceivers (2); the telemetry almanac and ephemeris data) just prior to
transmitter; and the G-switch. This launch. The data is transmitted via a
plate also serves as a thermal sink for flexible thin strand of shielded fiber optic
several of the high energy electronic cable which breaks at the missile skin
components. Closely mounted in upon egress. The remainder of the
Duroid on the exterior of the cylindrical strand is retained in the canister.
shroud are the redesigned, multi-element,
wrap-around Telemetry, GPS and FTS Attached to the forward edge of the GS
antennas, and the two unchanged AEGIS shroud is the separable nosecone
Link patch antennas. assembly. This system is also very
similar to the Terrier design, yet
Also included in the guidance section is a somewhat simplified, improved, and
fiber optic cable external interface to the reduced in weight. The nosecone
VLS system. This "hot start" interface assembly consists of a glass-phenolic
allows VLS to provide the missile insulated aluminum adapter ring; a
 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

titanium end ring; an insulated, filament nosecone. This system no longer

wound composite (graphite involves the interior "sliding sleeve" of
bismaleamide) tangent ogive body; and a the Terrier design and should enable
blunted titanium nose tip. The nosecone more consistent, reproducible tip-off and
shape allows for greater useable internal velocity results. For the ALI missions,
volume than Block IV and is the same as the nosecone will be ejected between the
that flown during Terrier LEAP. The two TSRM pulses. This timing will
adapter ring is fixed to the GS shroud via allow maximum protection of the KW
a radial screw joint and remains with the from aerothermal heating during ascent.
guidance section after separation of the
nosecone. The interior of the nosecone The final remaining assembly in the SM-
is coated with conductive electroless 3 missile is the improved Kinetic
nickle to maintain electromagnetic Warhead (KW) or fourth stage (Figure
shielding and help reduce radiative heat 3.). This critical element, evolved from
transfer to the kinetic warhead. LEAP kinetic kill vehicle technology, is
essentially a missile within a missile. Its
The nosecone end ring is attached to the small size and weight (approximately
adapter ring via a rivet joint (60 22" long by 10" diameter, and 37 lbs)
circumferential aluminum rivets). enable it to fit within the nosecone
Compressed between the end ring and assembly (approximately 12.5" base
adapter is a flattened, sealed tube of diameter by 25" long) which contributes
expanding, shielded, mild detonating to maximized missile burnout velocity
chord (XSMDC). When ignited, via an and, therefore, improved kinematic range
improved "dual-sided" manifold initiator and lethality.
system, the annular steel ring of
XSMDC expands, drives the nosecone The KW is composed of essentially four
forward, shears the rivets, and ejects the major subassemblies: a seeker assembly
 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

SOLID DIVERT PROPULSION] Divert Thruster Set

Power Conversion
and Valve Drivers 3-Pulse Gas
Generator
Guidance Processor Attitude Control
Thrusters
Seeker Assembly

Integrated Dewar
' Assembly (IDA)

Ejector Assembly
Sunshade

Guidance Assembly

Optical Assembly Telemetry Transmitter

Signal Processor and
and Encryptor
Telemetry Processor
Cryo

Figure 3. Partial Cut-Away of Kinetic Warhead with Ejector Mechanism

consisting of a cryogenically cooled, seeker, autonomously homes on the

body-fixed, staring, Wide Field-of-View target using its onboard guidance system
(WFOV), Long-Wave InfraRed (LWIR) and SDACS lateral maneuvering system.
sensor and its associated signal The KW destroys the target by force of
processor; a guidance assembly which impact. Unlike the Terrier LEAP kinetic
includes a data processor, an warheads, the SM-3 KW will not include
interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope any liquid propellants. The three-grain,
IMU, a thermal battery, and a telemetry two pulse-level SDACS system (which
transmitter system; a Solid Divert and was developed by BMDO over the past
Attitude Control System (SDACS) 10 years) uses approximately 10 lbs of
propulsion assembly; and an interface HTPB/AP propellant (3700° F flame
and ejector mechanism. The interface temperature). It provides a more VLS
and ejector mechanism provides both compatible, less toxic, and less sensitive
mechanical and electrical interfaces with propulsion capability than its liquid
the third stage as well as shock isolation counterparts.
and separation of the KW from the third
stage. Finally, because of the added length of
the SM-3 missile (Block IV + 4"), a new
Once ejected from the third stage, the forward cover for the VLS MK-21
KW activates its SDACS. It then points canister is being designed. The dome-
at the known position of the TBM shaped cover will accomodate the longer
target, acquires it with its passive IR SM-3 (and future versions of
,•»

AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

STANDARD Missile) with systems are undergoing a comprehensive

approximately one inch of margin. This series of design validation tests in
new frangible cover, created from conjunction with the extensive in-
syntactic foam with a rubber exterior process integration and check-out tests.
surface coating, will fit within the
existing space under the VLS cell hatch.
Encanistered missile length and weight Mission Descriptions:
increases will also require a few minor
modifications to storage and handling Although detailed flight test plans are
equipment as well. still evolving, the ALI flight test program
currently consists of an incremental
Because of the GPS initialization and series of seven flights of various
interface requirements of SM-3, a VLS configurations of the SM-3 missile, each
GPS Integrator (VGI) system is being increasing in complexity. Figure 4.
developed to provide the missile GAINS shows how these flights are intended to
with the necessary data. A fiber-optic progressively retire the risks for each
distribution system, including the cables, phase of SM-3 flight.
connectors, and junction boxes, connects
the VGI to the missile. As with all Primarily because of the large kinematic
missile hardware and software, all footprints generated by the high altitude,
modifications to the VLS and canister high velocity SM-3 missile
■■ KINETIC WARHEAD '
Build a little, test a little, learn a lot iACQUISJTION &|:GUIDANCE;:
□
TARGET
ACQUISITION
KW DURING FLY-
KHIRD STAGE GUIDANCE BY -.
J::;!:& PERFORMANCE :E;: 2ND PULSE ■.EJECTION
BURN
NOSECONE
EJECTION
1ST PULSE
BURN

liHIGH ALTITUDE AERODYNAMICS 2ND/3RD STAGE

& CONTROL (1ST AND 2ND STAGE) ■.SEPARATION

CTV-3
'CTV-4

. /CTV-1,2 • 4 CTVs planned prior

to GTV-1 intercept
AEGIS

Figure 4. Incremental CTV Flight Testing Reduces Risk for Intercept Missions
 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

configurations, all of the SM-3 missions SM-3 missile and will demonstrate
will be performed at sea at the Navy's intercept of the TBM-representative
Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) target in a slightly differing scenario.
sea test range. The first three SM-3 Figure 5. shows the GTV-1 concept. An
flight tests do not involve a physical option for a fourth GTV mission has
target and are designated Control Test also been established. The GTV-1
Vehicle (CTV) missions. Of these three mission will serve as the baseline SM-3
CTVs, the first one (CTV-1) does not mission. Each of the CTV missions will
include the new separable third stage and attempt to emulate increasing elements
involves essentially a modified SM-2 of this flight.
Block IV missile. The second mission,
CTV-2, will more closely replicate the Prior to the first GTV, a target
SM-3 airframe shape and mass demonstration will be performed. This
properties, but will again consist of only Target Test Vehicle mission (TTV-1)
two stages including the Blk IV guidance will demonstrate suitable performance of
system with high altitude modifications. the Aries-based TBM target prior to its
The next two missions (CTVs -3 and -4) involvement in an intercept mission.
will include the new third stage with a The target demonstration mission will
live TSRM, the new SM-3 guidance also enable verification of various AWS
section, and the ejectable nosecone and tracking and targeting functions as well
KW. The three remaining missions are as a rehearsal of the critical intercept
Guided Test Vehicles (GTVs -1 through mission timeline and range operations. It
-3). Each of these involves a "full-up" may be performed in conjuntion with

Pacific Missile Range Facility

• Target launch operations
AEGIS Cruiser • Target tracking and telemetry |
• Detect and track target • Missile telemetry
• ID target / determine interceptability
• Weapon selection and initialization
• Launch / track missile / uplink
midcourse guidance HIT THE TARGET! |

Figure 5. Initial Intercept Scenario at PMRF

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 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

the CTV-4 missile flight test. The target During conduct of CTV-1, the ship will
for all GTV missions will be of similar be positioned to replicate the over-the-
design and performance to that certified horizon geometry of the GTV-1 mission.
for and used during the Terrier tests. Because of the large debris patterns
created by destruction of the warhead at
high altitudes, the missile will be
CTV-1: launched from a position approximately
300 km due north of the test range on a
The purpose of the CTV-1 flight bearing of about 330 degrees. This
demonstration will be to: verify 2nd geometry minimizes potential
stage autopilot design at altitudes up to interference with shipping and air traffic
the GTV-1 2nd-3rd stage separation lanes. The CTV-1 missile will utilize a
point; collect data up to the outer edge of SM-2 Block IV Full-Scale Engineering
the autopilot design envelope; and Development (FSED) hardware baseline
exercise the test range and support with minor modifications. The FSED
functions as a precursor to SM-3 flights hardware has been successfully qualified
to follow. The CTV-1 mission will and was flown from an AEGIS ship in
emulate, as closely as possible, the July and October of 1994. The only
GTV-1 trajectory up through the 2nd- hardware upgrade from the FSED
3rd stage separation point. Figure 6. baseline for CTV-1 will involve
shows the CTV-1 mission concept. replacement of the 16 Mhz Digital

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 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

OBJECTIVES
• Demonstrate CTV-1 performance at
high altitudes
• Demonstrate AWS tracking and
control of the CTV-1 missile
• Gather engineering data to support
future AEGIS LEAP at-sea tests.

ä\£"'!
HM Planned 2nd/3rd
Stage Separation
Envelope (49.4 sec)

Pacific Missile Range Facility

• Missile telemetry
• Data reduction

USS RUSSELL (DDG 59)

• Detect and track DTT
• Weapon selection and initialization
• Launch / track missile / uplink
midcourse guidance
• Missile flight safety
• Missile telemetry

Figure 6. CTV-1 Scenario at PMRF

Signal Processor (DSP) with the 24 Mhz DSP will accomplish this goal. These
DSP of the Production Test Round/Low hardware modifications were
Rate Initial Production (PTR/LRIP) incorporated into the SM-2 Block IVA
missile including the support hardware Risk Reduction Flight Demonstration
required to incorporate this DSP into the (RRFD) Demonstration Test Round
FSED GS. These modifications involve (DTR) and have been successfully
replacing the FSED GS flex cable with qualified for flight. The DTR-1A missile
the PTR flex, and adding hardwires for successfully intercepted a Lance TBM
the seeker head ground and the DSP target at White Sands Missile Range
regulator 18 Vdc power. Modifications (WSMR) on January 24, 1997.
to the FSED autopilot software
(expanded high altitude atmospheric The AWS modifications for CTV-1 will
tables and gain changes), will be required include adding a simulated, fixed, high
for the CTV-1 high altitude flight. To altitude target for the CTV-1 missile to
handle the increased processing fly toward, and incorporating a modified
requirements, additional DSP memory is heading command guidance scheme for
desired to reduce overflow risk. midcourse flight. Since the missile does
Incorporation of the PTR/LRIP 24 Mhz not include the new exoatmospheric third
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 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

and fourth stages, it will be command mass properties to the final SM-3
destroyed at an altitude just above demonstration configuration)
200,000 ft before aerodynamic control is instrumented to provide valuable
lost. This approach assures the Missile information regarding aerodynamic and
Flight Safety Officer positive control of aerothermal loads as well as flight control
missile flight and debris patterns at all system characteristics. The
times. configuration will include the new SM-3
nosecone shape, an additional four inch
The proven, comprehensive SM-2 Block extension of the airframe forward of the
IV ground testing philosophy and GS, added weight, and mock third stage
approach will be maintained for the cable strakes to more closely replicate
CTV-1 mission. Autopilot hardware and the SM-3 design. Current plans do not
software design validation will be include ejection of the nosecone or KW.
performed via Hardware-in-the-Loop
(HIL) performance evaluation, AEGIS The flight profile proposed for CTV-2 is
Combat System Engineering very similar to CTV-1 within the
Development Site (CSEDS) testing, constraints of the airframe modifications.
Johns Hopkins University Applied This intention means that both missions
Physics Laboratory's Guidance System will traverse similar stage 1 and stage 2
Emulation Laboratory (GSEL), and trajectories to those planned for GTV-1.
shipboard integration testing. These This approach has the three-fold
activities will enable concurrent purpose of keeping the AWS
evaluation of AWS software and missile- modifications to a minimum between
to-AWS interaction. The CTV-1 flights, providing a direct comparison of
configuration is both flight and FTS airframe performance between Block IV
qualified based on the Block IV FSED, and SM-3, and providing another
PTR, and Block IVA RRFD programs. rehearsal opportunity for critical range
FTS hardware will remain unchanged. operations and safety functions prior to
The mission is currently scheduled for flight of the "full-up" SM-3 design.
the fourth quarter of calendar year (CY)
1997. The proposed baseline missile hardware
changes from CTV-1 are as follows: 1)
the radome is replaced with the SM-3
CTV-2: nosecone; 2) a 4.5 inch long adaptor ring
is added between the nosecone and
The main impetus behind the CTV-2 guidance section (provides proper total
flight test is to build on the data collected missile length and greater packaging
from the CTV-1 flight in a timely and space); 3) some or all of the seeker head
incremental manner to reduce risk for the assembly is replaced with a KW thermal
first "full-up" SM-3 shot (CTV-3). The mass equivalent; 4) sensors (thermal,
proposed CTV-2 missile incorporates a pressure, vibration, shock, and
modified Block IV airframe acceleration) are added to collect
(aerodynamically similar in shape and environmental data; 5) TSRM strakes are
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 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

added to the existing Block IV dorsal up" SM-3 round with the exception that
leading edges; 6) an environmental the KW may not include a live
telemeter package (AN/DKT-71S) is propulsion system. Instead, the missile
installed to transmit data from 4), and 7) will incorporate an ejectable "smart
a UHF antenna and FTS receiver are mock-up" KW. As a rninimum, the
added to the missile. The FTS antenna smart mock-up will include a live LWIR
and receiver will enable verification of seeker, an IMU, a signal and data
the ability to perform pre-launch end-to- processor, a thermal battery, and a
end tests of the range required UHF telemetry transmitter system. The
independent FTS as well as check-out of CTV-3 missile will be launched from the
the in-flight communications between GTV-1 launch position and fly the
this system and the range. To perform complete SM-3 trajectory through KW
the pre-launch FTS tests, the VLS sytem ejection. After ejection the KW may
and canister will be modified to enable acquire an existing IR target such as a
receipt of the FTS signals from the range satellite, star or other celestial body. If
(via a relay aircraft) and retransmission independent KW pointing and/or
into the canister to missile. Part of the maneuvering is identified as a
purpose of the UHF tests will be to requirement, the KW may incorporate a
checkout the reliability of the UHF live SDACS. This mission will
signal relays that are required because of demonstrate all elements of the GTV-1
the great (over-the-horizon) distances mission (including handover of targeting
between the range and the ship. information from AWS to the third stage
to the KW) except KW terminal homing.
The proposed missile software CTV-3 is proposed for the second
modifications include CTV-1-like quarter of CY 99.
changes to the autopilot computer
program and accommodations for the Because of the high accuracy required for
environmental telemetry functions. The KW delivery, the TSRM will be
autopilot structural filter and gain controlled using a Burn-out Reference
changes (necessitated by the added Guidance (BRG) scheme. This guidance
missile mass and shifted center-of- method was demonstrated during Terrier
gravity) are a direct precursor to those LEAP. Once the second stage is
needed for the SM-3 vehicle. The CTV- separated, the third stage no longer uses
2 mission is currently proposed for the AEGIS guidance commands. Instead, it
fourth quarter of CY 98. accepts information on target state from
the AWS and couples it with onboard
information about its own state (GPS
CTV-3: and/or inertial) and the burn conditions
of the TSRM motor. It uses this data to
The primary purpose of the CTV-3 compute the optimum trajectory of the
flight is to provide an initial third stage for target intercept, then
demonstration of the new third stage. translates it into gimbal commands for
CTV-3 is currently envisioned as a "full- the TSRM nozzle. This method rapidly
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 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

and continually fine tunes the TSRM pitchover maneuver to place it on the
trajectory during motor burns and proper trajectory, then fly out on
reduces delivery errors introduced by approximately a 15 degree azimuth
AWS and missile misalignments, biases, toward the target. The KW will
and motor uncertainties. intercept the target on its descent leg,
outside the earth's atmosphere, about 3
minutes after launch. The typical Block
CTV-4: IV boost and pitchover guidance
approach will be used. The target and
CTV-4 is planned as a complete missile ground path crossing angle is
rehearsal of GTV-1 with a "full-up" SM- designed to be near 90 degrees (thereby
3 missile. The mission currently improving the ability to engage both
involves a simulated target, potentially short and long targets), and intercept is
from pre-recorded tapes of the TTV-1 expected between 150 and 240 km in
mission. A live target "fly-by" in altitude. The KW guidance algorithms
conjunction with the target will be designed to hit the centroid of the
demonstration flight is also under target body, thereby maximizing
consideration. probability of intercept. Intercept debris
is expected to land in open ocean well
north and west of the Hawaiian islands.
GTV-1: No target warhead, either inert or live,
will be used.
GTV-1 involves launch of the Aries
target on a northwest trajectory Since the missile will be below the
(approximately 330 degrees azimuth) horizon of the range radars for the first
from the Kauai Test Facility (KTF) at 20 seconds or so of flight, use of a two
Barking Sands, Hawaii. The target Missile Flight Safety Officer (MFSO)
presentation and trajectory are expected concept is envisioned. A MFSO at
to be similar to the Terrier LEAP FTV-3 PMRF will control the launch and fly-
and -4 missions with apogee near 325 km out of the target, and a Missile Flight
and down-range splash point just short Safety Analyst (MFSA) aboard ship (In
of 500 km. The target will maintain a conjunction with the Commanding
near zero angle of attack. The AEGIS Officer) will ensure positive control of
test ship, located approximately 350 km the launch and flight of the missile until
west of Kauai, will acquire the target it breaks PMRF's horizon. Missile
using its AN/SPY-1 radar, develop a tracking information from the AWS and
track, compute an intercept trajectory missile telemetry will be relayed from
solution, and initialize the GTV-1 the ship to the MFSO on the beach via
missile. The missile will then perform a satellite for his use in determining the
rapid Built-in-Test (BIT) of its systems. safe flight condition of the missile. After
Upon successful completion of BIT, the the missile breaks the radio horizon of
missile will be launched (about eight PMRF, the MFSO will have access to
minutes after target launch), perform a both direct radiated telemetry and,
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 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

potentially, range radar skin tracking

data. Since the SM-3 missile will not Also, as directed by the flight safety
include a C-Band beacon for the range engineering activity for PMRF
radars to acquire and track, AWS track (NAWCWPNS Pt. Mugu), a new dual-
and missile telemetry will assist in range redundant, independent UHF flight
radar acquisition and tracking, as termination capability is being added to
necessary. the SM-3 round. MFSO access to this

E
CD
T3

Latitude (deg)
Longitude (deg)

Figure 7. Intercept and Target Geometries at PMRF (Kauai, HI)

system in the early phases of flight the range certified UHF system. Several
requires relay of the UHF FTS signal missile internal self-destruct features will
from the beach to the missile until the also be included to ensure reliable, safe
missile breaks PMRF's radio horizon. flight termination in the event of a
The UHF relay function will likely be hazardous or catastrophic missile failure.
performed by a range aircraft. Status of An FTS action will initiate stage 2 and 3
the UHF FTS will be relayed back to the separation, thrust termination of the
range control center in missile telemetry TSRM (via the dome cutter charge), and
via satellite. The existing AWS S-band inhibition of any remaining EEDs. As
shipboard command destruct capability with Block IV and Terrier LEAP, the G-
will be retained for use by the ship's switch will serve as the primary
commanding officer and as a backup to mechanical interlock ensuring a safe

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 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

separation distance between the missile GTV-4:

and the ship before enabling FTS or
upper stage propulsion activation. GTV-4, and any subsequent missions
Performance of the GTV-1 mission is thay may be added, will enable the SM-3
proposed for the last quarter of CY 99. team to vary any number (or none) of
the mission parameters, as desired, in
order to investigate sensitivities or
GTV-2: anomalies that may have been discovered
during the previous missions, or to
GTV-2 is currently defined as an ascent further stress the capabilities of any part
phase intercept. The target will be of the system. It also provides an
launched on a trajectory similar to GTV- opportunity to incorporate technology
1. The ship will now be positioned enhancements as they become available
approximately 150 km closer to shore from concurrent technology development
with the intent of launching the GTV-2 activities. The mission will be defined
missile on a 90 degree ground path based upon data from the previous
crossing angle to intercept the target just missions as well as the state of
prior to apogee. As flyout times are technology development in the latter
compressed, rapid AWS target phases of the program.
acquisition and track as well as missile As stated above, the mission scenarios,
initialization and launch are much more especially those for the intercept
critical. Figure 7. provides a comparison missions, are currently undergoing trade
of the GTV-1 and -2 flight geometries studies. These trades include evaluations
and their relationships to the target fly- of technical performance, risk, and
out at PMRF. reliablity as well as range safety, data
collection, and operational
considerations. Since demonstrating
GTV-3: intercept of a TBM representative target
is the primary objective of the ALI
GTV-3 is also defined as an ascent phase program, if intercept is not achieved on
intercept. The intercept point for this GTV-1, it will likely be repeated until
mission is planned to occur very near the intercept is achieved.
GTV-2 point; however, the ground path
crossing angle is now 45 degrees. This
means the ship is even closer to shore Concurrent Technology Development
and the missile is performing what and Follow-On Activities
appears to be a "tail-chase" intercept as
viewed from the earth. This mission is In addition to the flight test activities,
the most challenging of all three GTVs, several interceptor technology
both in terms of mission timelines and investigation and enhancement efforts are
engagement geometries. also underway. For example, several
technology risk reduction activities are in
works to enhance future KW capabilities
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 AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference 1997

as necessary. Improvements in areas tests, battery qualification tests, FTS

such as divert performance and target overstress tests, hazard analyses, safety
detection, discrimination, and aimpoint assessments, and damage control/risk
selection capability are being mitigation planning will be performed
investigated. In addition, the SM-3 and documented as described in the
propulsion contractors are participating comprehensive System Safety Program
in Navy sponsored insensitive munitions Plan (SSPP). Future activities will likely
research and motor performance incorporate several of the above
enhancement efforts which could lead to mentioned technology enhancements to
future improvements in STANDARD improve the UOES and tactical
Missile. Further, a lethality evaluation capabilities. Prior to progression to
and enhancement study and test program UOES and tactical flight testing,
will ensure that future versions of SM-3 completion of a comprehensive MIL-
can appropriately address existing and STD-2105 hazard test program is
evolving threats. planned.

Per program office direction, the SM-3 is

being designed such that at the end of the
ALI program, a residual UOES
capability will exist with minimal
hardware modifications. Because of the
controlled and streamlined nature of the
ALI program, a tailored MIL-STD-
2105B hazard assessment test program
is being performed. These tests will help
ensure safe operation of the SM-3
systems during integration, handling,
shipping, and aboard ship for the limited
and controlled ground and flight tests.
Safety test plans include three tailored
hazard tests of the new third and fourth
stages: a forty foot drop test, a fast
cook-off test, and a static firing of the
propulsion systems. Each of these tests
will be preceeded by a 28 day
temperature and humidity (T&H) test;
transportation and shipboard vibration
and launch shock tests; and a four day
T&H test.

Finally, a complete series of

Electromagnetic Environmental Effects
(E3) analyses and tests, fault insertion

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