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Fourier Analysis of Signals and Systems

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50 views30 pages

Fourier Analysis of Signals and Systems

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sekharjyothika2001
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GRAMI Gt, TH ae PH 233 - ADVANCED ELECTRONICS NN ON LCA Unt i deg D Fourier Analysis of Signals and Systems oA” aon i , : ue \ : \ es ee metrxte Fourier Series . A’ pertiodeas Pamabtan) pL) Bansal eotpruncd wm the form of Axigemoneduic Series as SOD = Bart a count 4 a, cos aunts. + by Siounts bz Sin 2ugt +-.- 3G where ou = IF = on | T ' F a the Arequency and @i and bi are the ~coclpicten’s- The fousien series ead When the puncte for satipics the following Ati tmditiors called Diichleli emdiliars. DH w ewobll defined and singles valued exceept patsib at @ finile number fF pant 4 Ft) has a earl . average Value over the poviod T. W ft muut poste only a fineke number of dustmotinushes ap Ahe period JT. W ft mut have, a finde yumobext of positive and vuigakive roaxima & he period T. © may be expressed: by the fousen seater Sit) = 5 a + = Gn Comt + = bye somat] 0 “et k. ’ ne) utes Gy andl by aie icoefpiciestl Balévalaaled - Integrating OQ ever othe full Pee , h , ts feo ae ame eo Bimilarly , mulliplymg both sider be fo rugt and ae a f" “a ae an an ol sin must dt = ta a el a Gn. COTE Syma 2. é b 1 %, > &@ { feb de ee ccede 9 Ne Mattiplymg both sides ¢ equation @ ba coe eed 0d and whgrating a fp & Se mut dt 0 aA ae a if 7 % af * ue Abe Ge Mead | (te i of ae hes ae. ik Qn const vio mast dt = ie [ain manreats Snr ora 2 os (Gen nust+bn toning | ot ,™ ~S : 7 ~ Oy Mae, Tate ‘ _ =o. cate 1 [a coruge de <0 4 fb eipnuat siomugt dt = is [em enemunt - 2, 5 are -% co @o-must Jar Prd, ai Th -{Ebn + rt J Fe aa mupt de = red sok > eit 7h o% ae , sien flew - “ ay) Gas) a - Tb, for man sionus,t co muah aoe =: a Tg Son iv rai, eb _ploowone Te Tha Brinn) 1) ae Ferd fin mut dt ke E = fF afte er+muat + cos ops { oe ae ope ae = by [sia @oampegt «= $i 4c : non Penk nee Siva, ee y, 2 aw an, = ie fer) Ce mune 9 “ee. 7} an. i fer) 2 nate The « caine 3c ana expiciiel os te ae 6 — A a when fd & ever ff sey ae - 2 frat Bras 2 | The sum ox product oF him OX mixe cues function an even function WM Fey S add when fetye - fey $F fe 4 odd | pent <0 Es Te sunt of tun on mone odd functons c am edd duct of tun odd furcetens functor and the & an even funetim ti) 4¢ cE4%) = Feb), oly even harm 3F Fte 4%) Qte PAtsenk + SOD, only od. harmerta are puck | 2. Exponeotial Form ct. founien Seaies rm tb founder \serien ts, The dnigonometsie as) < tay + (Gn Gowen aby eon) ble have, ces runt. sin nut ~ ee ae (a) en om oy ea re a Take G = 2 (fbn) and € 56-4 + (@ ij bn) Substituting the values oF a and by Sam @ ard © t 5 Go [4 [Reo co mun at ope [es 4 nat de %e ‘ a i ca & = = J Feb (ct nust =f sto nut) dt Ve. sinust fen é alt %. cee f fet) (Co neat +f Konugt) dé Pian ans ae | Gee Neti scr ne i -% there the, value of yen ontncgaloven 12 Viz eit festa and aut ocluded, unde the summatin (Z) tigre Aico Co may (bel trtlided under the 2 Sige by using no * a] Tree 4 fee es Cael Aly: cleat thane) tha thd! piniedi, Reaktne #2 may be eaprened yathematically by an mafintle cet of patel pate and negative Suequuncy Uroponents A poritaue Frequency may be associated will 0° anki- clockwise relation ame a negative, Frequency O° ting these values, we get UJ de = E& Ths 4 Parevals edentely ~ The quantily om Ris i the average value ot [fet] * ner one peried a Paxsevald theese stabs that the tune ak fie riedal? quem lof Ieeecel each & equal to: the Pua valle “Vet [Fes auellane 3. Fansevals idendily foy oY Portion Serio ager Ag finn Ot cepmcdertcd by pe Le ac fouriar sates gy, the Fouletct coefpictoots 20 the functions that the 2 duce oti it é : a eA (sig ratecte: ben sasbover af douche. Ercotially it oo toraenvatin lose er a th ntoxe general, farm ik tak, thot 2A ZG $0 coonugt + Sd tml) ioe ( i [res] gate [ele (25 ee t= On ectegeatting a bky -% and 4) TAF as % oA u pe? +). (hee? avy Se f fee de ge a faa em nugt de) on\ stl th, FS, Goat Wwe eth ae h Powen Spectrum cf @ periodic Punctim! + Bal fey > nllaeeel Se ThE 2 fe) Sin nut The power, 4 @. periodic femnetias—ro the signal Ft) in the me domain iu defined as, ® Te i Pers 3H tence for a periodic funckin , the power » a | Kime wavelorm fet) and can be evaluated by | adduag togelhis the powers centuinedd i cach hatmenid The powed of Ike AI “harmonic component | ar muy 4 GI ame that of -nt o (Cop | fora single ral hatmo ni , {Gl + Ie_p}> | ; j | | | The vs values of Ake feet fern, feo = 5G + 0, towb + a cor ub 4 by tnwl + be sin 2une 4 can be wyilttp as Frwut > Fourier Trans form Te plot of “amnplitinds at debfeeeot trequency components — fer @ periedic cuaue G kmewn ar ‘db cxele frequency, spectrernr’, beeawte the amplitude values Hgmificaoce only at lisence valour of Ue, tec SF Ine vepetitien pened T wercases, Ud T tWlhes He repetiten puiod T+. | the wave fet) will bécave’” neo perio meant the separatun haimonie components call be Theteforxe the ‘descacte spictaum cull f a Ceptinewers speck’ telties Ah» ee Ihz adyaceot pulses Ve ee Ee pulse Ayato kedusees ts 4 ogc ne peluees tue adjacent Zeko, G, Utye0 = been 9 wu Fee) 4 ipittually percoclée ne wo expercectial Jor 2 inunt fy + 2 Ge er) one , %% *conbinetcus nano) “hihin evaluated Ihe quanstily Fo bracket’ <4 a functiw gF frequency ently and © demoted a Fu) D hineaniby a a and b axe arbittary constant so ‘ Faw) + [to eM gt] @ <0. 4h called (he “fourier ansform’ of fee) uo, fet) « we gry) eet Tin fe) 4 is Be a ° ae wig pays tee f Fda O° due tT ay “0 = 00 just fb - f FGun ¢ dé |—® He : cx dnansforme 44 calleel the “imuedse fours © ord ® emitilule a Famer Transherm pate: for every Line demain suaveform “there U a terrespo- ndring fouqueocy demain wave foxne and vice versa fer. example a sructangulan pulse co the Lme duroain —coimcideo ill vine. funckinm cm the Arequin cy clervain » Muakily provides Ahat the neverse also fue. a xeclengerlar pulte in Vie frequency clomain ratthes cil a cing funettns te Blend “damnelin 1 tlaive funcbesy comapends te eagh cllter tn) Ihee called taanshom pais - that manren Que ash tu ih Propenteco ot Fourien Truanitorn 4 gen RGU _ and fac => Faius) Khun afi + bike) > 4 AGu + b BGue) > w Sy 1 Pacot > 20 an Xie Just 1 d ee ee an FEO = (" e(jus) aye uhssx the dummy variable OG Aeplaced by ad, ae laced bi ’ sreplaced by us. ar foot) = f Fab) eI) ged 00 Finally ud & cuplacd by 't -lo obtain mark Hetrgnisable tee foyrn , ; ees afew = fegy eae. amicus) - PR;D) ae Jedaer eee oF FGt). # kD > FGus) treo F(t) > 21 Fe-us) WD Scaling a ky S FGue hin fat) = at F (ky) Be riccibeliey » Peon Sh aco . ther Ure Fouiex uansform at Feat) x, Pap 2 f fan aM ae : foaggee : Put. xeak ; da = adt FE (fead] =F [feo]. Sean meen ” - F , pe in pues” dx saps Tey) gaia *, ; by Sr ao. then Ffegey] = FOapy Corwbining Uae fur pesealts., coe gee ca eee Lange the durratim of dhe Aime funektin, smaller a kt © bandwidllc of tts “spectoutm by hz same sealing factor. Covetely , sroallee he ducati of the kine funetioy , Lengex a the bandusdlle of ds Ygusy 2 JO bade = YGus), = Xtusy, HGua F Eee] = ¥Guey” oe - fue OW ae Le iG | eo RE ar) at ao ‘e e —juck a zcof f hove 2] dc. : » 9a ie “ic ei » Sicquenceps ceovolaskon + Put ae t-t then, b= 45t and dt-da yoo = ff “acof f i “nte) ee © dc [nc ~ a ao & Go) = Hence “the Fousien Exansformn cf [hz cenveluttin of tuo signals G the Lime demain & equal fe lz mull plicatun ct this individual fousucx tsansforms| to frequency demain. gt rneans that 4 we convelute| ue signals in kine demain, equivalent to saulliplysog thes specte & facquency deroein. X Gus - ce OF and. gcth > h(ju) then, fet) get) > 3 jue” GGfas) = fp > PGjus) : Paceuk ¢ ——_ ~ The invelue Gransipglo cil hecene jee] Se 5 [FE] ta) frt* cae But, 3 iz Fu)” jee) al PCa) Gu far fs) dia aa ist lmaett pact at a 1|28 > ue = tu dup = dx. e a a co) ey * ae) Can) feo | ois. 2° a a = 2, j (a+ =) Frau f aco 6 "2a ae ee ay 1: i = (ar) Jr oan fogadag 4 am » 2 Pet 1 gee) 1 iid 1 Feo. ge = Uw) Gicqeo) tence the roultiplicatiin “d+ Ewe signals in Ihe time domain 4 equal fo the Cmvoluttts of dividuala fourier transforms to Ihe Arequen ; a) demain. This preperty) & called ‘noultiplicnten theaueet Shibteng ome -shibting delay): - dF ft) & EGus | P [theo Fb Fun ee Crook Tee fouster txamsfoxmn ot fet-b) Go givtn by 2 . F (sa) - f fore oh 2 5m Pur ne x Ba Rot Eateaeand™ nea eceasey) f a pone) a oo jun —juse. 5 eee eons dx -@ <0 e406 Just = Fiju).é “juste Fer-t) ey Fijw) € udheo Ake function fet) G delayed byl te’ the fouquiocy spectrum ante multiplied by erivete see thee tr mo change in Ihe amplitude spectrum and “each frequency emopenent tr shifted we phase bY an ameunt -arh! | SF ft <> jus) “theo fee et LY PG uetfate) Cxoufs \ By debiniten, —— fs 2 fage it 4 ftp el a fee ee Pal f a «ftp, pieeren? é leh a =F (jus jute) > Pruguenay diffetenc ation SS i) Fjur) tuo \(JO feo d Fgw) aut Sotageation Time _solaguation fer) a Fijus) thio @ dee MF Fro) se) = Fu th id) mao e f Fijus) des! » Teme reversal 4t RD & Gus) thio fc- <= FCfus) Pix _ cerjugation 4 Fee) $e) = FOur) Iho }e PC) > Dually pt Fed) e& giju) Eheo Git) ean Fc Jur) Pauevali thyeoreen [O dpemiae ae fh Tequesta f 2 Thu relate ts calteel Paxsevals theonem oY Rayleigh energy thepxenr. usok: ‘ E of [feo|? dt oui fen fty at ef = ff Fen (& fou Ms) 2 ee -£f fore Fon) caer to de ok Ef aa 2 f cae eqs SJ Fue Fiquy Ea cal [Fejus>|* dees 2 i © eee J [feel” de > ell [Fejeot? dus . ~~ 7. Fouxiex Traniform of seme imposetant function © Gate _femidbinn ’ Rentider a tage’ Function (rectangular pulse) a shaun tm agua - See east atin = (tore je (elt y =f) od (= Ht has Ake analytic expacrion Fy = i ae ©» olkeuerse Tre fourcer transform of -feey wv given by Fan = Fe sey = f fery okt ge 40 * ill welt de he rh mee ee = 1 x -a sin flv) ee £ ’ . & Sino %) = 2% wee) oT +7 singuom) ©%) T . sine (ey) Fu) = Fourtien transform of gale duoctin, Ua) = T. sincQwomy thou lke roplitade spectiun T [snc wn) cpeebuun & , LE (juss | gives by ae. sin < @U%) <0 The peak value cf amplitude a one SD eet pH =Oul 23, = EE EM, 1, BM, Aa cet alc by F radeans polarity Beem ur ‘Amplchite spect Cio adele Svequeney) = & Recangulas Pulse Genider @ sectanguilax pelie shown do figure. The analyre expression few a » octet » clhensise The fouxier txansform a E FGu - F (Feo) - ff fen eb de P aA Covey = 7. 8% sen) Hy R lee Fou) + > Sine GUT) eurier tanto cf ~ rectangular pulse. panes ou) -2 Ferd of fet becemer . aa Just = Afb eeatie de: ° fot = icin Sie ot . pene a EN i on ie Jas ae jae ac we et jum Th 7 sin (ws7, ) . Sine (UT) . — Aj Sh@syy 7D : Th jute 5 et” gan) Ga: | heer, The aroplitude spectuum & exactly the same ay Mat of galt’ functtw. But there Yan addileona) phase shifE fackn glum which changes Ihe phase speclatuume « Gy weg the time shelt Ween & [ite =a, = eejuny) PPE tee Gus) |= T Frc Gur) sIhe abe Yesult can readily be cbtained « Fu) ae 20 4a : @ Exponential Pulie Amiider an exponential pulse shown fo fogee - : s ¢ ‘ The founien trarsfoxi -of expecotial pulse cu, 2 ajust fom) < f RY eae “0 te as ” fe f ete ae <2 es 2 Ca 4jur . f e dt ; es ariut Anoplilnde cpeetnaim = @rjus) oma arr) ae envider ad Ulex pulse Shown to 5: ajar ; parades pul “Shou 7 Figc Se Aton) G@auncaju a-jup Oe ust fone (2108 (ota) is fate Fagus) e FiC-w0) © Bins) eq? ot Line FR & given by , aus h le Pt) OE ERT iw) [ee eee ae dc) - “tad (uy) |Fouer | = fet) = oe +h) Fourier transform ot exponmtal pulie cy pe 2 AC PEHD fr heteo FGw) « oe ep ct Line FP oo given by, s ie : The armptitide and ‘phaue spectrum of Iho ; Jip 28a exponential pulse ane, > ae F Qu) = Thus Ane analytical expression Soy Ihe driang ie Cae Sls 2A Tite! = 2h (owe =sin0)) = 9a (ee siolotH (ee pule ur, Were -74 BA tiowm ~2AQ sin (0H) — transdurm of daiangulat pule G . nen : end i The fourtey “ 44 F (ft) - Fw) - [ foe dt f + AAL 2d (OA) ae - . i (i+ 2Eyede +f oa -% me ea ; Te aa fe nile ae eae ; ; a) 2 Fousion. ETRE hang pile ey, AT ene" Cap) ort gee Vo they eo tm T% shut : : te rr ihe : 2 ee et pear » ages eM ar - “a P(e ee ae T art > aA ey = jar * ur % (a je Gwr cpu )% > 24 2 a [= eee) es tect 4| we BAe T i The pulae Aefined by Gaunian pulse a The fouier transform of E (6 aed? - (kine % Dea yale i ng sat dt “0 2 ew) Fuu- J é dt Let att 4 jue Vet + lwo y * Fu) ir exp (@ bp jun ere dt AF Ceres “2 a (Tt + Why af é eter ge <2 s em 2 Way £4 IW, Ge) ; Faw = e e ee “0 es te sm F + jus . air and de = fr. dt © a Fw) « ca edu r -% called) Gained pulie a Wik 00 © Cte) i ene oes (tier cc a Sages va iH gts eye ee tne. Be. v a, Ike fourley transform of oa gauuvian pulse & a gaunlao pulse Uself 26.07. 2029 qusnday ees, FroBLeMs 1. check Uhethey @ Fourier sexies Giloumag . distete © tine ovignall - a) ©) = 2 sin VB an 6b xen! ele 2 xo = 2 wb G1n Lat (na) 2 2. BUGIN) = 2 exists | Sov $5 (Gm 4 Gant) For pertodietlg V3 nA) should ‘be ao integral roulkiple of | 291 ket VaaN 2 Mxet ,where M and A are begers eS ae ei ? Nv ie Here N cannot be \an. intages for , so Powe seen) U papperiodce signal” and! fo) Foca seria doern’t ear Jeno ee j o20+N) ame) jean kt x(man) = € * = é Here also for periodicity SUN should be iotegcal rpultiple of a ket sai = 20N usher M and N axe integess oe oN 4M a Here Noa inter. fy Mz 510.10). lib M =5 nee ‘ : Here 0 us pesidic wilh Sandacnertal no - Stee” poets : N-4 and funde tal ch apes AUD GS, ig 28 “2 sats eli cy wl. fat eo % Find Ike fourier dvansforre af xen) cherie By the ae oF FE ne =f) ozne 6 gud tpi PORE x aa ne i volucaite F(ju) + xX - Sn = Oye a X St prt: ata Speedie X 2 ’ Skid aie ease flee bee) By Ihe definthio ot» feuviey Transform, : — Jntcarnasordh BE, plaids FEE RED) = Se. tye ‘ rover, a APSE EI ES Ze. i a3 eee ee eee ae ole fini, — ae é ss peace’ nad! . BP Be 6 a3 = 0,933 eqgc = Se >aju) 2 5s ep b.oe7 é golot] 202 e Oe , pucukk time fourier Trans fomnn The pevtodic function any dan be expressed in a Fouricn senior yepreentation, Consider a deicaete signal x(n)" that periodic wile Period N debined by Hin) = x (D+KN) for any integer value of k- The pevtedic function 20m) can be synthentsed as Ane sum oF tine! Yand covine sequences 0% equivalently a Linear ctombnatinn of cmple expontals where frequencies are roullipladl epultiples cf Ihe fundamental frequency , 20 a Tid 4 dene by comltucting @ periodic Sequince for ci each period 4 identital toch finde Lingth sequences ponential fern! of DET The expineotial form of founien series for a pericdie desnrt Hime Siqnal ir given by gkuon a xm 2-1 5 x(k) 2 ani ) pone aha sz. where the coefficient x(k) aed the surdameota| digital frequenay wy, are expressed as, Jun A-T XW = Fam wk n=0 ae erect) Us, em hs za © and @ are called descecte Foucex dransfomn (DET) synthets and “analyst pate Where Xk) ahd xm) are periodic sequencer. The equivalent forro of @ fy x(k) &, a Na} ke BiG enim pet {xv} - x (N-k) YD Conjugation Ber fam} = x(k) per Sixt} = X(N) Gawler Srequency shite Der {zon} x(k Der {xa eae Gee) vw) vi Multiplicctin per {zap = x (k) io, ae pet {xm} -+ Ixloo mt w= am vid Civeular Convelekion a0) 5 eee HUST. Seftan> Xi, Cue DET m= XE), 4, 9 DFT %0) = X[k) DFT fxm® xem} = Xilkd Xalk) 1 Greular correlation Det fxom} = x(k) Det tym} = Yk) Na rai DET frhey Om } : Beal xm Yeo-my} = xi) YW Parse vals relation DET fom} = XiCko DAT {amy = 2th) Nel * re BE ee eins eb Se xo xk F jxal 2 NT Ro ise ee ae Prosi ems - A 4 ; 4. Reropule — civectlax emvolution oF follawing Seq! wang DET. ; ao = fool} and ©) = fi, 2,2} hing sien 23 : idl sie 2 asa DET fantyt ngeiCO, = a CO ce — Ko. 4 —jemok/, DPT {mcm} = %W) = Exum e ee fi BU x.) oe AW, ik ark -1+2e 42 +26 Keo > Xi), = ae 1asalt I) va 6 kero mune 1 ym! +2 =0 ke2 2 Xx@> 1a +3)] 42 --2 keg > %GD= 1 +af-! =25 389 fe aC HNN NG (Oo 22 Ol yee pet {xi © %O} - ah) = (KX) te, MH Xj(09 = Xi) ¥x0) = 2x6 =1/2 x09 = XD X20 = One 5 x@) X, @ = X1@) © -2x-2 = 4 Xg(D = XQ X,G) = 0x OF <0 2 Xs =| favo, a, of ciyculax Convolution af x(n) and %aCn) @ Xa(k) ={12,0/4,0} Find x (k) vb for 2m) {v23.4] kle haue XO =41 23,44 New 5 0k deer 44 oj an) e@ oa 3-0 x(k) = 2s -2-2j} defination (Fart 2) A roathematical tool te sein and be both we Use DFT ae the foustier A signal — ean For _ peniocti and for nan periadiz signal vepresent” signal fourier brant form - periodic and nmpertocts- fourier sero fourier 4 ransdorm. signal we Wwe be made easier When Note ; a - ¢ ws oie ae ee arena og 0S i mt signal 0 XC X09 5 ee Shiny fourier drars foam , é Ae * a DFT U Whelely sed in GPS uit. rap ae a or PROBLEMS . ¢. Perform sane creuler cravelutin of tha fol | | sequsnce duing DIT - IDET meted t al el £ Pa yee aur = fevaniy ord m0 fi.2,3,47 Aare ae oe iY TEU AAS) aod fits 4} 9 oe M5 fuss ap ; Lt iran tie The divence fouter dnansform | the discrete st ex gmt te fuer artansfoam apetation. Ricacte signals may be Like, +4 pep ithade \ ! Divichit conditions ; Te conditims FY susknane of fourier trans 2 FCO) mut be abiolubly. intigrable b Fey must hay oO Se \ PES seis = 80D TAD ar fo ve ciff to, 242), -2/-2-25) a foo, 2-2) 1-2) 242i} Now, we have !DFT 2apk mm 1 é€ SS oT a a i> | xX.) 1 1 1 oy & 1g ac aa pte Sy) |i \ SEMINAR — cc. oF Baap ‘ope ole Fast Founien Dh eee Trans form atic FET U @ method (algorithm) a DET utth Acduced no, of Groputatonal a divide add fox computing calculations . The achieved by adopting Conquer apptoach. This effi clemey | appreach By Peed on Ars deersporilem oF ay Np DET into succesively smaller DE Ts. This wie Ahead, Can tovernt the ducukk dain 40 (mtinucus data Aype available at equencter various The mopudatems can be of fe types, (a) Decimation tp time FFT (bit Fer) (b) Deeimatioa to Trequency FeT (Dir EFT) The Der of gq sequence 20m of length. N’ & given by a complex valued sequence xO | as, ; ae - Jeo fy Xo ite are eckeNn-l hits tattodutce. ai ned vtetm llehy , the coroplen Valued Sphawe a taetyn ilennsst valent etacs factor’ ov, Multiplication factor’ pick u an , ji cect of wrth ~ieiy Ea diy? stadia AE an Be + Za ae Bly OekeN- 30 PET we exploit the followimg proper bcs af tuiddle | fretor it D periodicity a & lly 2 ely t) Syranedruy ie eae Radix “y Fem (Vector vadix PET) do. an N-point | sequiente 2 IFS can be expressed a RE racy w ushere = Varo a 27, then N! = \7eeeeeoeeetiee Sequence can be ace ia a YD eo ee Y- point! DFT can be \ assumed. there the sje of le OFT. %, U Caer Aa Ne adie’ of Ihe PET algortthm - | ® 1 ~ “XW. = wen Why + Foner by ce rea fv vadin-2 FFT algorithms . the value of N sheutd be such that N= 2, Ahat the N-point Sequence U decimated tno 2-point gequenues and contequently 2 - point DFTs . Ung this 2 pint DFT we can calculate Negt Point DET Decimation 9o Time Fart Foucier Transhorns iter Te simppicok and pethapsadhe -best 1 kanlgy methed i Peru tadix -2 devinaty, to Kine algarithen ah N-point computing Huot by “decoroputing time demain stnal BRN Hime demas signals each compond ta Single Powe: th this cae. Lets auume that xem) seprorents a N Values “here NG a0 integen power 3. decimated into tio consisting of the sequence af OF 2 .The given sequenen Né point Sequences cven- numbed Valier of zm) and edd numbered valucr of xm) The point DET sh Stgumee xy uy ua is given by, XK) = 2 x0) bly + 0LkeN- 520 pumbered Break cm) into even and- odd va: Sivoo nl nk aa SUE Ta Gat, lvich ts axon By PO, Benn =O, nedd og Substituke, ae Peartl fey n odd, an ae) Ne! @rpk > ae 2 yrk ae Xi Co ae + kly Z = xan (hy) MN Me XQE SS 3 Wn = Butter Th Diagxam . ae x Gr (WI) Basic bultenbly Hn geaph fey ke computation of DIT FFA / algorithm er 7 =I eepant DIT FT dt represents a ee x2) Bea-b hy Floe gxaph Xt) x xQ) xX), xo x00 Xap =a) al z@ xo x0) xa xe) es x0) xo) 2@ za) ae Repu ses wd - fe IH © cas mt, — f Hom - Ka -i Xa 2 lane He poor dasen nk = € é co Mj vom, 3 sara = yaad = ‘ema - Gs amy 2j sin an, PRoBLeEMs “Find” DIT FFT of The ollocumg . x0) > ces rm. bh . WD 20)= fo. j-2,3} Neg “Ao fon2, 3) 495,67}, Whee DW £0) = 2! ee HOD = si225 42), ae ~ (0) = Exo 2) : KU, = CoS 2 Nye x= (Th 6 AB) = Ct 3% - Yo nad=0 = xa Dede xo xa) o > xem yay = cr EXC {re 1-8j 1, 14 vajf te - @ xo = forest BN =e cee ies x@ <0 xv =! a@y=2 a +e x (3) 3 10)-0 HQ XODde) AOns wo xt) fe, PO+af p22, -2- a} w =e 9. eof) A 44) pea! oe], +, - aR SAAS 49 bei} 258 = xo XO) “1255, At.64 4166.06) , 814 102) Bl aca ise uy , $6644 166.06) 00 Pit ies) = Key 2164+ A606 x0) = x@ 6.64 446.067, 6% Giciente nays coe y £4) {i 2/34/4981} xX (kd -{20. 5. 823-2. 414] , 0, -0-1716-0 -414f_ 0. =O-1716 4 o-414§ 10, -5:82 42-4145 F b Decimattan, © Frequincy fast Foutier Transform Der| The deimation im Lime FFT alaosilimn decermmposes Ahe DET by Sequen fialle, splitting am) 0 Ike time demain chto— sets cfs mailey amd sroalter Subequences. DIE FET decmmapaes The DET by recursively ‘spliftng Ihe sequence elements XO ty (ke Srequca

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