Anatomy for Dentistry

Lecture 7
Blood Supply & Venous drainage
of Head & Neck

by
John McGeachie
School of Anatomy & Human Biology
The University of Western Australia
 Learning Objectives

To understand the arterial blood supply of
Head & Neck

To understand the extra-cranial & intra-
cranial supply systems integrate

To understand how the venous drainage
patterns of head & neck communicate
 Blood
supply of
the CNS

Overview
is
very
complex
Skull

An
essential
item
for
learning
vascular
anatomy
Carotid
system

Major
input
to
Head
Neck
&
Brain
 Arterial
supply
Neck &
Head

Internal carotid
External carotid

Vertebral
Thyro-cervical
Common
Costo-cervical Carotid
Artery
INTERNAL CAROTID
ARTERIAL SYSTEM
 Internal
Carotid
Artery

Carotid
Sinus
Note the
Carotid
Swelling or
Sinus
for monitoring
Blood Pressure
CO2 & O2
Internal Carotid – course & supply
Entry into cranial cavity via carotid canal

ICA
Carotid
Canal

In the
base of
skull
through
the
Temporal
bone
 Internal Carotid course - intracranially

Entry into
Cranial
cavity
Watch
This
Space!
 Internal Carotid course - intracranially
Key central area of cranial cavity

ICA ICA
 Internal Carotid branches
Anterior
Cerebral
Middle
Cerebral

Middle
Cerebral
ICA branches – Middle Cerebral Artery

MCA
is the MCA
most supplies
most
important of the
branch external
cerebral
of ICA cortex
 ICA branches – Middle Cerebral Artery

Important
internal
branches
“striate”
to basal
ganglia
& internal
capsule
 ICA branches – Middle Cerebral Artery

Branches
enter
through Branches
to the
the Choroid
Plexuses
Perforated enter
here
Substance
regions
Choroidal arteries to the Choroid plexus

Choroid
Plexus
 ICA branches – Anterior Cerebral Artery

ACA Note
Sends the
Anastomosis
branches here

to the
Medial
part of
the
Hemispheres
ICA branches – Anterior Cerebral Artery

ACA MCA
Supply
area -
on the
medial
Hemi-
spheres ACA
 VERTEBRAL
ARTERIAL SYSTEM
 Vertebral arteries

Ascend Note
there are
in the two
Vertebral
vertebra arteries

in
Foramina
Transversaria
 2. Blood supply - Cervical Spinal Cord

In the neck
from the
Vertebral
Artery
Blood supply - Cervical Spinal Cord

=
 Vertebral arteries

Supply - The
two
Spinal cord Vertebral
arteries
Cerebellum unite
Brain stem to form
the
Posterior BASILAR
ARTERY
Cerebrum
 Vertebral arteries

Posterior
Cerebral
Artery
(PCA)

Cerebral
supply
 Vertebral artery supply the Cerebellum

Also
the
Brain
stem
 Cerebral arterial anastomoses

The circle
Anterior
of Willis –
ICA & VA Posterior

via
Communicating
Arteries (CAs)
Cerebral arterial anastomoses

Circle
of
Willis

Optic
Chiasm

Pituitary
Gland
 Circle of Willis
Willis, Thomas – 1621-1675
Physician to James II
First to describe the arterial circle 1664
First drawings of the Circle were made by
Christopher Wren, architect of St Paul’s
Cathedral in London
Note: he also was the first physician to describe the
difference in sweetness of the urine
in Diabetes Mellitis & Insipidus
 Blood supply to the Brain

This is
extremely
profuse
with a
dense
vascular
network
A plastic cast of arteries in the brain
EXTERNAL CAROTID
ARTERIAL SYSTEM
External
Carotid
Artery
Major
input
to External
Head Carotid
Neck
&
Brain
External
Carotid

Showing
scalp
arteries
External
Carotid

Supplies
mostly
external
structures
External
Carotid

Supplies
the
Face
External
Carotid

Supplies
the
Jaws
&
Teeth
External
Carotid

Supplies
the
Meninges
VENOUS DRAINAGE
OF HEAD
AND NECK
 Venous
drainage

From
brain
&
cranial
cavity
Venous drainage - brain

=
Venous drainage - brain
Superior Sagittal Sinus

Cerebral
Vein
 Venous drainage - brain

Superior
Sagittal
Sinus
Deep veins
in
next
view
 Venous drainage - brain - deep
Great
Cerebral
Deep Vein
veins
 Venous drainage to venous
sinuses

Venous
Sinus
Drainage
pattern Cavernous
Sinus
Region
 Cavernous Sinus

Cavernous
Sinus
 Superficial
Veins of the
scalp & face
Scalp
Orbit
Meninges
(emissary)
ITF (Pt.Plex)
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Oral cavity
Neck
 Venous
drainage
Superficial
&
Deep
Cranial cavity
*Pharyngeal plexus
Pterygoid plexus
Vertebral veins

Internal Jugular
Vein
 Venous
drainage
to IJV
Neck veins
all drain
to the
IJV
Eg.
Larynx
&
Thyroid
Gland
 Venous
drainage
to IJV
Venous
sinuses
to
Internal
Jugular
Vein
 Venous
Drainage

Deep
veins
in the
neck
Brachio-
cephalic
Lymphatic
drainage
of Neck
& Head
Lymph nodes

Superficial
“collar”
&
Deep
“column”

For a later lecture