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Fluid Mechanics Basics & Units

This document is an introduction to fluid mechanics chapter from a textbook. It discusses key concepts like the continuum assumption which treats fluids as a continuous medium, dimensions and units used to describe physical properties in fluid mechanics like length, time, mass, force, and derived units. It provides examples of equations relating these fundamental and secondary dimensions, common units in SI and other systems, and the importance of dimensional homogeneity when setting up equations.

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25 views11 pages

Fluid Mechanics Basics & Units

This document is an introduction to fluid mechanics chapter from a textbook. It discusses key concepts like the continuum assumption which treats fluids as a continuous medium, dimensions and units used to describe physical properties in fluid mechanics like length, time, mass, force, and derived units. It provides examples of equations relating these fundamental and secondary dimensions, common units in SI and other systems, and the importance of dimensional homogeneity when setting up equations.

Uploaded by

s130139
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 1

Introduction To Fluid Mechanics


Dr. Talal Etri
Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering
Sultan Qaboos University
Sultanate of Oman
Email: [email protected]
CIVL 4046 Fluid Mechanics 2

Ref. Engineering Fluid Mechanics by Crowe, Elger, Williams and Roberson, 9th Ed., John Wiley, 2010.
CIVL 4046 Fluid Mechanics 3

1.2 The continuum assumption

M
=
V
CIVL 4046 Fluid Mechanics 4

1.3 Dimensions, units and resources


A dimension is a category that represents a physical quantity such as mass, length, time ,
momentum, force, acceleration and energy.
Primary dimension: Very simplified dimension with only one parameter such as length,
time.
Secondary dimension: Related to few same or different primary dimensions using
equations such as momentum, energy, or volume
CIVL 4046 Fluid Mechanics 5

• Dimensions
Mass Length Time force
M L T F
• Units
(SI) Kg m s N

• Unit Systems
SI, British, French, American
CIVL 4046 Fluid Mechanics 6

• Area = L × L = L2 (m2)

• Volume = L × L × h = L3 (m3)
• Moment of inertia = L4 (m4)

• Velocity (V) = L / T (m/s)

• Angular velocity ()=  / T (rad/s)

• Acceleration (a) = V / T (m/s2)

• Gravitional acceleration (g)


g = 9.81 (m/s2) g = 32.2 (ft/s2)
CIVL 4046 Fluid Mechanics 7

• Force (F) = M × a (Kg.m/s2), (N)

• Weight (W) = M × g (Kg.m/s2), (N)

• Presure (stress) (P, ) = F/A (N/m2), (Pa)

• Momentum = M × V = F × T (N.s)

• Energy (work, moment) = F × L (N.m), (J)

• Power = F × V (N.m/s), (Watt)

• Dimensional homogeneity
gt 2
s= + v0t + s0
2
L = LT −2 T 2 + LT −1 T  + L = L
CIVL 4046 Fluid Mechanics 8
CIVL 4046 Fluid Mechanics 9

• Unity conversion ratios

1m/s 1N
1.0 = 1.0 =
3.6km/h 0.102kgf

• The Grid method

2kgf 30km/h 1.0m/s 1.0 N W.s


P = F V =
3.6km/h 0.102kgf N.m
= 163.4W
CIVL 4046 Fluid Mechanics 10
CIVL 4046 Fluid Mechanics 11

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