CARBONATE, SULPHIDE, SULPHITE
1.Add H2SO4
Carbonate
-brisk effervescence
-colorless odorless gas turns lime water milky
CaCO3+H2SO4---CaSO4+Co2+H2O
Sulphide
-colorless odorless gas, turns lead acetate paper black
ZnS+H2SO4---ZnSo4+H2S
Sulphite
-Colorless gas turns acidified dichromate green
Na2So3+H2SO4---NaSO4+So2+H2O
Confirmatory test
Carbonate
Add 1 or 2 drops of h2so4 to the salt in the test tube
-Brisk effervescence is seen that turns lime water milky
-Ca(OH)2+CO2—CaCO3 +H2O
Result: the salt contains carbonate
Sulphide
1.Add 1 or 2 drops of lead acetate to the salt in the test tube
Black precipitate
Na2S +(Ch3COO)Pb+PbS---2Ch3COONa
2. Add a drop of sodium nitroprusside
-purple or violet coloration
Sulphite
1.Bacl test
Add a few drops of Bacl to the test tube
-white precipitate formed
2.Acidified KmNO4 solution
-Purple color is decolorized
Sulphate and Phosphate
1.Sulphate
Add Few drops Of Bacl to the salt solution
-White precipitate is formed
Na2SO4+Bacl2----2NaCl+BaSo4
Confirmatory Test
To the salt solution add (Ch3COO)2Pb solution
-white precipitate obtained
Na2SO4+(Ch3COOH)Pb---2CH3COO Na+PbSO4
2.Phosphate
To the salt solution add HNO3, boil it and cool it, Add of few drops of ammonium molybdate.
-Canary yellow precipitate
Confirmatory test
To the salt solution add magnesia mixture
-white precipitate formed
NITRATES AND NITRITES
1.NITRITE
Action of dil.h2so4 :-
Add 1 to 2 drops of dil.h2so4 to a small portion of the salt in a test tube
-Reddish brown gas obtained
-indicates presence of Nitrite
2.NITRATE
Action of conc.h2so4 with Cu turnings
Mix Cu bits and conc.H2so4 with a small amount of salt taken in a test tube and heat it
-Reddish brown gas obtained
Confirmatory test
NITRITE
Ferrous Sulphate test
To the salt solution containing hno3 solution add feso4 solution
-solution turns brown or black
NITRATE
Brown ring test
To the salt solution add equal volume of freshly prepared Feso4 solution
Heat the test tube in a slanting position and add conc.H2SO4 along the sides of the test tube
At the liquid junction a brown ring is obtained
BROMIDE AND IODIDE
1.BROMIDE
To the salt solution add conc. H2so4
-Brown fumes evolved
Confirmatory test
Prepare a salt solution add distilled water and divide it into 2 parts
i)Action of AgNO3 and NH4OH
To the salt solution add AgNO3 and NH4OH
-Pale yellow precipitate obtained
ii)Organic layer test
To the 2nd part of the solution ad CCl4 and Cl water
-The organic layer turns orange
2.IODIDE
-To the salt solution add conc.H2SO4
-violet fumes evolved
CONFIRMATORY TEST
i)action of AgNO3 and NH4OH
Pale yellow precipitate formed, precipitate is insoluble
ii)Organic layer test
to the salt solution add CCl4 and Cl water
-organic water turns violet
OXALATES AND ACETATES
1)ACETATES
To the salt solution add a small amount of conc.H2so4
-Smell of vinegar is obtained
CONFIRMATORY TEST
To a little amount of salt add conc.H2SO4and heat it, then add 1 ml of ethanol, shake it well and pour the
contents into a beaker containing water
-Fruity smell is obtained
To a little amount of the salt add FeCl3and boil the contents
-Reddish brown precipitate obtained
2)OXALATES
Take a pinch of salt in a test tube and add conc.H2SO4 and heat it, then add potassium dichromate
-pink color of potassium permanganate decolorizes
Confirmatory Test
To the Salt solution add a small amount of CaCl2 solution
-white precipitate formed
To a small amount of salt add conc.H2SO4
Bring a glass rod dipped in Ammonium hydroxide solution near the mouth of the test tube
-Dense frothing is observed near the mouth of the test tube
CONFIRMATORY TEST
-To a small amount of salt add potassium dichromate then add few drops of conc.h2so4
