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A slippery slope: On the Jim Corbett National Park case, tourism and
conservation
Tourism in wildlife parks should not be at odds with conservation efforts

The Supreme Court of India has come down heavily on the Uttarakhand government for the felling of
about 6,000 trees in the Jim Corbett National Park. That forest officials and a top politician in the State
connived to vastly expand the scope of a tiger safari in the park precincts was a travesty of
conservation practices, according to the Court. In the judgment by a three-judge Bench, Justice B.R.
Gavai observed, “The presence of tigers in the forests is an indicator of the well-being of the
ecosystem. Unless steps are taken for the protection of tigers, the ecosystem which revolves around
tigers cannot be protected… Events like illegal construction and illicit felling of trees like the one in
Corbett cannot be ignored.” The link between political corruption and environmental damage is
especially relevant in this case as the Court’s judgment has consequences for the management of
wildlife parks, particularly on the question of whether ‘tiger safaris’ in the buffer and fringe zones of
wildlife parks gel well with conservation measures. The Court also alluded to various resorts in the
vicinity of the park that often played loud music and posed a threat to animals.

Both the Central Zoo Authority and the National Tiger Conservation Authority are expert bodies
affiliated to the Union Environment Ministry, and tasked with the conservation and protection of wild
animals. These organisations, in principle, have no objection to the existence of tiger safaris, provided
these are conducted within the ambit of an array of guidelines. Wildlife safaris in a designated spot
draw attention away from the core zones of the forest and hence promote its inviolate nature as well
as raise public awareness about conservation. This is the underlying rationale for safaris. Their
overarching aim, thus, ought to be eco-tourism and not commercial tourism. However, in recent
times, the argument that this could be a source of employment opportunities for locals, and that
State governments should be promoting this, has been gaining ground. The recent translocation of
cheetahs from Africa to Kuno National Park, Madhya Pradesh, also aims to revive the cat’s presence
and promote tourism. This, however, is a slippery slope and can very easily lead to political capture, as
the proceedings in the Corbett Park demonstrate. The Court has recommended that the Centre
evolve guidelines on the conduct of safaris and the government would do well to deliver on this at the
earliest and be extremely circumspect on its messaging regarding tourism and conservation.

 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’. [Practice Exercise]

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Vocabulary
1. Slippery slope (noun) – Gradual but 9. Bench (noun) – The judge or judges
unavoidable decline, Dangerous path, composing a court.
Downward spiral, Treacherous slope,
Precarious path - 10. Well-being (noun) – The state of being
comfortable, healthy, or happy, Welfare,
Health, Prosperity, Contentment
2. At odds with (phrase) – In conflict with,
11. Ecosystem (noun) – A biological
Contrary to, Against, Opposed to,
community of interacting organisms and
Divergent from
their physical environment, Habitat,
Biosphere, Environment, Ecology
3. Come down heavily on (phrase) – Criticize
strongly, Condemn, Denounce, Castigate,
Rebuke
12. Illicit (adjective) – Forbidden by law, rules,
or custom, Illegal, Unlawful, Prohibited,
4. Felling (noun) – The act of cutting down
trees, Timbering, Logging, Deforestation, Unauthorized
Clearcutting
13. Consequence (noun) – A result or effect of
an action or condition, Outcome,
5. Connive (verb) – To secretly allow
(something considered immoral, illegal, Ramification, Aftermath, Result
wrong, or harmful) to occur, Conspire,
14. Buffer zone (noun) – An area of land
Collude, Plot, Scheme
designated to separate or protect
6. Vastly (adverb) – To a very great extent,
15. Fringe zone (noun) – A border or outer
Immensely, Significantly, Greatly,
edge area, often of a city or an ecological
Considerably द
habitat,
7. Precinct (noun) – A district of a city or
16. Gel (verb) – to work well together; to form
town as defined for police purposes, Area,
a successful group
Zone, Sector, Neighborhood

8. Travesty (noun) – A false, absurd, or

distorted representation of something, 17. Allude (to) (verb) – To refer to casually or
Mockery, Parody, Distortion, indirectly, Hint at, Suggest, Imply, Indicate
Misrepresentation

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18. Vicinity (noun) – The area near or 28. Overarching (adjective) – Comprehensive
surrounding a particular place, or all-embracing, Encompassing, All-
Neighborhood, Proximity, Surroundings, inclusive, Broad, Sweeping
Locale
29. Ought to (modal verb) – Should, Must, Is
19. Pose (verb) – Present, Constitute, expected to
Represent, Amount to ( )
30. Gain ground (phrase) – To become more
20. Affiliated (adjective) – Associated, Linked, popular or accepted
Connected, Allied
31. Translocation (noun) – The process of
moving something from one place to
21. Task (with) (verb) – Assign, Charge,
another, Relocation, Transfer, Movement,
Entrust, Commission
Resettlement
22. In principle (phrase) – Theoretically,
32. Revive (verb) – To restore to life or
Essentially, In essence, In theory
consciousness, Rejuvenate, Renew,
23. Designated (adjective) – Appointed, Restore, Revitalize
Assigned, Named, Specified द
33. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, Cause, Bring
24. Draw attention (phrase) – Captivate, about, Produce
Engage, Interest, Attract
34. Proceedings (noun) – Actions, Activities,
Events, Happenings

25. Inviolate (adjective) – Free from change or 35. Demonstrate (verb) – To show clearly,
violation, Unviolated, Untouched, Sacred,
Prove, Exhibit, Display, Illustrate द
Unblemished

26. Underlying (adjective) – Basic or

36. At the earliest (phrase) – As soon as
fundamental, Foundational, Basic, Primary,
possible, Without delay, Promptly,
Essential
Immediately द द
27. Rationale (noun) – The fundamental
37. Circumspect (on) (adjective) – Wary and
reason or justification, Basis, Reasoning,
unwilling to take risks, Cautious, Careful,
Logic, Justification
Prudent, Watchful

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Summary of the Editorial

1. The Supreme Court of India criticized the Uttarakhand government for cutting down
approximately 6,000 trees in Jim Corbett National Park.
2. The felling of trees was part of an unauthorized expansion of a tiger safari, involving forest
officials and a prominent state politician, violating conservation norms.
3. The Court highlighted that the existence of tigers indicates a healthy ecosystem, emphasizing
the need for their protection.
4. Justice B.R. Gavai, in the judgment, linked the illegal activities in Corbett Park to broader issues
of political corruption and environmental damage.
5. The judgment questioned the compatibility of tiger safaris with conservation efforts, especially
when located in the buffer and fringe zones of wildlife parks.
6. It was noted that certain resorts near the park disrupted animal life by playing loud music.
7. The Central Zoo Authority and the National Tiger Conservation Authority, under the Union
Environment Ministry, support tiger safaris that follow strict guidelines.
8. Wildlife safaris are seen as a means to divert attention from forest core zones, promoting
conservation awareness and protecting the ecosystem.
9. The primary goal of safaris should be eco-tourism, not commercial gains, aligning with
conservation principles.
10. There's a growing debate on the role of safaris in providing local employment and being
promoted by state governments.
11. The relocation of cheetahs to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh is aimed at boosting
tourism while attempting to conserve the species.
12. The editorial warns of the dangers of allowing tourism developments, like those in Corbett
Park, to be influenced by political interests.
13. The Supreme Court suggested the central government develop strict guidelines for conducting
safaris.
14. Immediate action on these guidelines is urged to prevent further harm to wildlife conservation
efforts.
15. The case underscores the delicate balance between promoting tourism and ensuring the
conservation of wildlife and their habitats.

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Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. What is the tone of the passage regarding the Jim Corbett National Park case? [Editorial Pag.]
A. Optimistic
B. Indifferent
C. Critical
D. Enthusiastic
2. What is the main theme of the passage regarding the Jim Corbett National Park case?
A. The economic benefits of wildlife tourism
B. The challenge of balancing tourism and conservation
C. The importance of political leadership in environmental protection
D. The role of the judiciary in safeguarding wildlife
3. What was the primary concern of the Supreme Court of India in the Jim Corbett National
Park case?
A. The expansion of tourism facilities in the park.
B. The connivance between forest officials and a top politician to expand a tiger safari.
C. The impact of loud music from nearby resorts on wildlife.
D. The introduction of new species into the ecosystem.
4. According to Justice B.R. Gavai's observation in the judgment, what is an indicator of the
well-being of the ecosystem in forests?
A. The presence of a diverse range of flora and fauna.
B. The number of tourists visiting the wildlife parks.
C. The presence of tigers in the forests.
D. The absence of illegal construction and illicit felling of trees.
5. Evaluate the statements based on the passage about "A slippery slope: On the Jim Corbett
National Park case, tourism and conservation."
A. The Central Zoo Authority and the National Tiger Conservation Authority are under the
Union Environment Ministry and support tiger safaris if they adhere to certain guidelines.
B. The primary goal of wildlife safaris should be commercial tourism rather than eco-tourism.
A. A is true and B is false.
B. A is false and B is true.
C. Neither A nor B is true.
D. Both A and B are true.
6. Select the correct conclusion based on the meaning of the underlined idiom:
The whole agitation against the new regulations was a storm in a tea cup.
(i) The agitation was so profound that it spread to all parts of the country.
(ii) The disagreement over the crucial policy garnered universal support.
(iii) The protest died down quickly as it was an unnecessary fuss over a trivial matter.
(iv) The agitation was joined by thousands of people despite the adverse weather conditions.
A. Both i and iv are correct
B. Only iii is correct
C. Both ii and iv are correct

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D. Only ii is correct
7. The sentence below has been divided into three parts. Select the part of the sentence that
has an error. If the sentence has no error, select the option 'No Error'.
I wrote to Giordano this morning,/ and when we return to Paris/ all will have been being
arranged.
A. and when we return to Paris
B. I wrote to Giordano this morning,
C. No error
D. all will have been being arranged.
8. Match the following groups of words with the correct one-word substitutions
One-word substitution Phrase
A. Turncoat 1. One who is unable to pay debts
B. insolvent 2. to increase the
importance,position or wealth
C. abnegate 3. one who switches to an opposing
party
D. aggrandize 4. to refuse or deny oneself
A. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
B. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
C. A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
D. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
9. In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Select the
correct option to fill in the blanks.
The seemingly ___1______ hummingbird is one of the toughest beasts in the animal kingdom.
Some 330 species ___2_____in diverse and often brutal environments.
Mysteriously, the birds are found only in North and South America. ‘They’re living
____3____the edge of what’s possible for vertebrates, and they’re mastering it,’ says
Karl Schuchmann, a German_____4_____, who studied a captive hummer that lived 17 years.
‘Imagine the _____5______of an organism of only five or six grams to live that long,’ he says.
A. 1-vulnerable, 2- endure, 3- on, 4- opthalmologist,5- durability
B. 1-robust, 2- sustain, 3- by, 4- antiquarian,5- stamina
C. 1-fragile, 2- thrive, 3- at, 4- ornithologist,5- endurance
D. 1-delicate, 2- survive, 3- in, 4- geologist,5- persistence
10. Select the correct conclusion based on the meaning of the underlined word:
Statement: She is a philatelist who can boast of a rare collection.
Conclusion:
i. She has a huge collection of stamps from all over the world.
ii. She is a lover of books and possesses a fine collection.
iii. It is her hobby to collect and study coins and medals.
iv. Her collection of antiques is unique and very valuable.
A. Both i and iv are correct
B. Only i is correct

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C. Both iii and iv are correct

D. Only iii is correct
11. Match the following groups of words with the correct one-word substitutions
phrase one-word substitution
A. A short,pithy statement 1. Gibberish
expressing a general truth or rule
of conduct
B. Outrageous and disgraceful 2. Ensemble
C. Unintelligible speech 3. Maxim
D. A group of dancers,actors or 4. Egregious
performers
A. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
B. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
C. A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
D. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
12. Select the word that is closest in meaning (SYNONYM) to the word given below
Exemplary
A. Deplorable
B. Substandard
C. Unworthy
D. Impeccable
13. Select the correct conclusion based on the meaning of the underlined word:
Statement: These days he is working on a monograph which is very important for him.
Conclusion:
i. He is writing a memoire of his father who was a successful poet.
ii. His work on a specialized subject is an important resource for scholars.
iii. He is rehearsing his lines for the play to be performed at the annual function.
iv. He is creating an architectural masterpiece out of a single piece of stone.
A. Only i is correct
B. Only iii is correct
C. Only ii is correct
D. Only iv is correct
14. Select the word that is opposite in meaning (ANTONYM) to the word given below.
Sardonic
A. Gracious
B. Lengthy
C. Podgy
D. Eternal
15. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom
It’s a small world
A. Make all possible efforts
B. You frequently see the same people in different places

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C. An aggressive and bold confrontation

D. A competition where the outcome is difficult to judge or predict
16. Some parts of a sentence have been jumbled up, and labelled P, Q, R and S. Select the option
that gives the correct sequence in which these parts can be rearranged to form a meaningful
and grammatically correct sentence. Opening and Closing sentence indicate the start of the
paragraph and end of the sentence paragraph.
Opening Sentence: The immediate context of the Dunkirk evacuation was Germany’s invasion
of the Low Countries and northern France in May 1940.
P. The Dutch defenders fell back westward, and by noon on May 12 German tanks were on the
outskirts of Rotterdam.
Q. The Dutch Queen Wilhelmina and her government left the country for England on
May 13, and the next day the Dutch army surrendered to the Germans.
R. On May 10 the German blitzkrieg attack on the Netherlands began with the capture by
parachutists of key bridges deep within the country, with the aim of opening the way for
mobile ground forces.
S. The invasion of Belgium also began on May 10, when German airborne troops landed on the
fortress of Eben Emael, immediately opposite Maastricht, and on bridges over the Albert
Canal.
Closing Sentence: On May 11 the Belgian front was broken, and German tanks ran on
westward while Belgian, French, and British divisions fell back to a line between
Antwerp and Namur.
A. QPRS
B. PSRQ
C. RPQS
D. RPSQ
17. Four sentences are given below. Find the odd sentence out.
A. Subsequent generations of kings hid their tombs in the Valley of the Kings in an attempt to
elude the robbers.
B. The most imposing tombs are the famous pyramids, shaped like the sacred mound where
the gods first appeared in the creation story.
C. The ongoing deciphering of hieroglyphic writings and research on the life of the peasants is
answering several questions on Egyptian culture.
D. The gigantic pyramids were conspicuous targets for tomb robbers, whose plundering
jeopardizes the hope for eternal life.
A. Sentence D
B. Sentence B
C. Sentence C
D. Sentence A
18. The sentence below has been divided into three parts. Select the part of the sentence that
has an error. If the sentence has no error, select the option 'No Error'.
Start to relax a hour/ before bedtime with a/ hot bath or your favourite music.
A. Start to relax a hour

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B. before bedtime with a

C. hot bath or your favourite music.
D. No error
19. The sentence below has been divided into three parts. Select the part of the sentence that
has an error. If the sentence has no error, select the option 'No Error'.
If he had been entered a fatstock/ competition, I am sure his story would/ have been one of
unrivalled success.
A. If he had been entered a fatstock
B. have been one of unrivalled success.
C. competition, I am sure his story would
D. No error
20. Arrange the given sentences (A-F) in the correct order to form a coherent paragraph.
A. Nature writing encompasses a wide variety of works.
B. Nature writing often draws heavily on scientific information and facts about the natural
world.
C. At the same time, it is frequently written in the first person and incorporates personal
observations and philosophical reflections upon nature.
D. Nature writing is nonfiction or fiction prose or poetry about the natural environment.
E. These include natural history essays, poetry, essays of solitude or escape, as well as travel
and adventure writing.
F. These works range from those that place primary emphasis on natural history facts to those
in which philosophical interpretation predominates.
A. BFECAD
B. ACFDBE
C. DAFEBC
D. DBFAEC
21. Which of the following statements correctly uses the idiom 'red rag to a bull’ by substituting
the underlined words?
A. The poor subordinates are made scapegoats for the misdeeds of their superiors.
B. For me, a person playing a double game is someone who specially provokes me.
C. Since your boss is well disposed towards you, you must act promptly and ask for a
promotion.
D. The huge loss to our factory due to the floods was a totally unexpected disaster.
A. Statement D
B. Statement A
C. Statement C
D. Statement B
22. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given proverb from the options
Knowledge is power
A. Said when a son is similar to his father; also, “Like mother, like daughter”
B. No one is truly capable of living alone. We need human connection to be healthy

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C. When you’re in a difficult situation, laughing can make it easier to get through that
situation
D. The more you know, the more powerful you can be in different areas of your life
23. There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide
in which blank (1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence: As a result, they held a trial and sentenced Socrates to death.
Socrates had many disciples and the greatest of these was Plato. Plato wrote several books
which have come down to us. _____1______It is through these books that we know a great
deal of his teacher, Socrates. The Athenian government-just after the time of Pericles- did not
like the methods of Socrates.____2____ They told him that if he promised to give up his
discussions with common people and changed his ways, they would pardon him and let him
off.____3____ But Socrates refused to do so and preferred to drink the cup of poison which
brought about his death, to giving up what he considered to be his duty. ____4_____
A. Blank 2
B. Blank 1
C. Blank 3
D. Blank 4
24. The sentence below has been divided into three parts. Select the part of the sentence that
has an error. If the sentence has no error, select the option 'No Error'.
Chasing the white stag through the/ forests, never catching it, of/ course, for it is a creature of
legend.
A. No error
B. Chasing the white stag through the
C. course, for it is a creature of legend.
D. forests, never catching it, of
25. Select the word that is closest in meaning (SYNONYM) to the word given below
Inertia
A. Ardour
B. Zeal
C. Idleness
D. Stamina

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Answers
1. C 2. B 3.B 4.C 5. A 6. B 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.D 13. C
14. A 15.B 16. C 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.C 21.D 22.D 23.A 24.A 25.C
Explanations
1. C) Critical
The passage adopts a critical tone towards the actions of the Uttarakhand government and the
involvement of forest officials and politicians in the illegal felling of trees and the expansion of
a tiger safari in the Jim Corbett National Park. The Supreme Court's condemnation of these
actions and the emphasis on the importance of protecting the ecosystem and wildlife
underscore the disapproval and criticism present in the tone of the passage.
2. B) The challenge of balancing tourism and conservation
The main theme of the passage revolves around the challenge of balancing tourism and
conservation efforts in wildlife parks, specifically in the context of the Jim Corbett National
Park. The passage highlights the conflict between the desire to promote tourism, such as tiger
safaris, and the need to preserve the natural habitat and protect wildlife. The criticism of
illegal activities and the emphasis on conservation measures underscore the central theme of
finding a sustainable balance between tourism and environmental conservation.
3. B) The connivance between forest officials and a top politician to expand a tiger safari.
The Supreme Court of India expressed concern over the felling of about 6,000 trees in the Jim
Corbett National Park, which was a result of the collusion between forest officials and a top
politician in the state to expand the scope of a tiger safari in the park precincts. This action was
seen as a violation of conservation practices and a threat to the ecosystem.
4. C) The presence of tigers in the forests.
Justice B.R. Gavai observed that the presence of tigers in the forests is an indicator of the well-
being of the ecosystem. He emphasized that unless steps are taken for the protection of tigers,
the ecosystem, which revolves around tigers, cannot be protected. This highlights the
importance of tiger conservation in maintaining the health of the forest ecosystem.
5. A) A is true and B is false.
The passage states that both the Central Zoo Authority and the National Tiger Conservation
Authority are expert bodies affiliated with the Union Environment Ministry, and they have no
objection to tiger safaris as long as they are conducted within the ambit of an array of
guidelines. This supports statement A. However, the passage also mentions that the
overarching aim of safaris should be eco-tourism and not commercial tourism, which
contradicts statement B. Therefore, A is true, and B is false.
6. B) Only iii is correct
A storm in a tea cup (idiom) – An unnecessary fuss over a trivial matter फात का फतॊगड़
(तुच्छ भाभरे ऩय अनावश्मक हो-हल्रा)

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7. D) 'all will have been being arranged' के फदरे 'all will have been arranged' का प्रमोग होगा
क्मोंकक महाॉ Future Perfect Continuous Tense का गरत प्रमोग ककमा गमा है । Future Perfect
Tense का सही प्रमोग होना चाहहए था जो कक 'will have + Past Participle' के रूऩ भें होता है ;
जैस—
े By the time you arrive, everything will have been arranged.
• 'all will have been arranged' will be used instead of 'all will have been being arranged'
because the incorrect use of Future Perfect Continuous Tense is made here. The correct use
should be Future Perfect Tense, which is in the form of 'will have + Past Participle'; Like— By
the time you arrive, everything will have been arranged.
8. B) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2.
 Turncoat (noun) - A person who switches to an opposing party or group, typically used
in a political context. दर-फदरू
 Insolvent (noun) - A person who is unable to pay their debts, often leading to legal or
financial consequences. हदवालरमा
 Abnegate (verb) - To refuse or deny oneself some rights, conveniences, etc.; a form of
self-denial. आत्भ-त्माग
 Aggrandize (verb) - To increase the power, status, or wealth of someone or something.
सभद्धृ ि फढाना
9. C) 1-fragile, 2- thrive, 3- at, 4- ornithologist, 5- endurance.
'Fragile' का उऩमोग होगा क्मोंकक 'fragile' का अथथ होता है नाजुक मा आसानी से टूटने वारा।
Sentence भें hummingbird के छोटे औय नाजुक होने का जजक्र है , इसलरए 'fragile' महाॉ सही है ।
'Thrive' का उऩमोग होगा क्मोंकक 'thrive' का अथथ होता है परना-पूरना। Sentence भें फतामा
गमा है कक hummingbirds द्धवलबन्न ऩरयजथथततमों भें अच्छी तयह से जीद्धवत यहते हैं, इसलरए
'thrive' महाॉ उऩमक्
ु त है । 'At' का उऩमोग होगा क्मोंकक महाॉ 'living at the edge' का अथथ है ककसी
सीभा ऩय जीवन बफताना। 'Ornithologist' का उऩमोग होगा क्मोंकक 'ornithologist' का अथथ होता
है ऩऺी द्धवऻानी। Karl Schuchmann का उल्रेख ककमा गमा है कक उन्होंने hummingbird का
अध्ममन ककमा है , इसलरए 'ornithologist' महाॉ सही है । 'Endurance' का उऩमोग होगा क्मोंकक
'endurance' का अथथ होता है सहनशजक्त मा दीघथकालरक शजक्त। Sentence भें फतामा गमा है
कक hummingbird का रॊफे सभम तक जीद्धवत यहना अद्भत
ु है , इसलरए 'endurance' महाॉ सही है ।
 'Fragile' should be used because it contrasts with the toughness mentioned, highlighting the
surprising resilience of hummingbirds despite their delicate appearance. 'Thrive' fits as it
implies not just survival but flourishing, even in brutal environments. The phrase 'living at
the edge' is a common expression denoting a state of extreme or limiting conditions,

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aligning well with the description of hummingbirds' habitats. An 'ornithologist' is a scientist

specializing in birds, making it the appropriate term in this context. 'Endurance' relates to
the ability to withstand hardship over time, matching the idea of a small organism like a
hummingbird having a surprisingly long lifespan. Other options like 'ophthalmologist' (eye
specialist), 'antiquarian' (specialist in ancient artifacts), or 'geologist' (earth scientist) don't
logically fit the context of studying birds.
10. B) Only i is correct.
Philatelist (noun) – A philatelist is someone who collects and studies postage stamps. हटकट-
सम्ग्रहकताथ
i. This conclusion is likely correct because it directly relates to the definition of a philatelist.
ii. This conclusion is incorrect because being a philatelist does not necessarily relate to
collecting books.
iii. This conclusion is incorrect because collecting and studying coins and medals is the hobby
of a numismatist, not a philatelist.
iv. This conclusion is incorrect because there is no direct link between being a philatelist and
collecting antiques; a philatelist specifically collects stamps.
11. A) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
 Maxim (noun) – A short, pithy statement expressing a general truth or rule of conduct.
सूजक्त
 Egregious (adjective) – Outrageous and disgraceful; conspicuously bad or shocking. घोय
 Gibberish (noun) – Unintelligible or nonsensical talk or writing. फड़फड़
 Ensemble (noun) – A group of items viewed as a whole rather than individually; in this
context, a group of dancers, actors, or performers. सभूह
12. D) Exemplary (adjective) – Serving as a desirable model; representing the best of its kind. It
implies something that is so good that it is an example for others to follow आदशथ
SYNONYM – Impeccable (adjective) – In accordance with the highest standards; faultless. This
word also suggests something of extremely high quality, without any flaws, akin to being
exemplary. तनदोष, ऩरयऩूर्थ
 Deplorable (adjective) – Deserving strong condemnation; completely unacceptable.
This implies something very bad or unacceptable, which is quite the opposite of
'exemplary'. खेदजनक
 Substandard (adjective) – Below the usual or required standard. This term indicates
something not meeting the expected level of quality, which contrasts with the
exemplary nature of something outstanding. घहटमा

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 Unworthy (adjective) – Not deserving respect or attention. This term suggests a lack of
deserving qualities or merit, which is contrary to what 'exemplary' implies. अमोग्म
13. C) Only ii is correct
Monograph (Noun) – A monograph is a detailed written study of a single specialized subject or
an aspect of it.
'Only ii is correct' because a 'monograph' is a detailed written study of a single specialized
subject or an aspect of it, often by a single scholar. This implies that his work is indeed a
significant contribution to a specific field and could be an important resource for scholars.
Conclusion i is incorrect because a 'memoire' is a different type of writing, typically a personal
account or biography, not implied by the term 'monograph.' Conclusion iii is unrelated to the
term 'monograph' as it discusses rehearsing for a play, which has no direct connection to
writing a scholarly work. Similarly, conclusion iv, mentioning the creation of an architectural
masterpiece, does not align with the definition of a 'monograph,' which is a detailed written
work, not a physical creation or sculpture.
14. A) Sardonic (adjective) – Characterized by bitter or scornful derision; mocking, cynical,
sneering. ततयथकायऩूर्थ
Antonym: Gracious (adjective) – Courteous, kind, and pleasant, especially towards someone of
lower social status. द्धवनम्र
 Lengthy (adjective) – Of considerable or unusual length, especially in time; long-drawn-
out. रॊफा
 Podgy (adjective) – Slightly fat. भोटा
 Eternal (adjective) – Lasting or existing forever; without end. अनॊत
15. B) It’s a small world (idiom) – You frequently see the same people in different places आऩ
अक्सय द्धवलबन्न थथानों ऩय सभान रोगों को दे खते हैं
16. C) RPQS
R describes the initial German attack on the Netherlands, marking the start of the invasion
with a blitzkrieg on May 10.
P continues with the German tanks reaching the outskirts of Rotterdam by May 12, indicating
the progression of the invasion into the Netherlands.
Q details the Dutch surrender on May 14 and the retreat of the Dutch Queen and government
to England, showing the outcome of the German invasion of the Netherlands.
S shifts the focus to the invasion of Belgium, also starting on May 10, which is part of the
broader strategy of the German offensive.
17. C) Sentence C is the odd one out because it does not specifically address the topic of tombs or
burial practices but rather speaks about Egyptian culture in a broader sense, including aspects
beyond tomb architecture and security.

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18. A) 'a hour' के फदरे 'an hour' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक 'hour' शब्द की ध्वतन व्मॊजन
(Consonant) के फजाम थवय (Vowel) से आयॊ ब होती है औय जफ कोई शब्द थवय ध्वतन से शुरू
होता है , तो 'a' के फजाम 'an' का प्रमोग होता है ; जैस—
े It is an honor to meet you.
• 'an hour' will be used instead of 'a hour' because the word 'hour' begins with a vowel sound,
not a consonant sound, and when a word starts with a vowel sound, 'an' is used instead of 'a';
Like— It is an honor to meet you.
19. A) 'had been entered' के फदरे 'had entered' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक महाॉ Passive Voice की
आवश्मकता नहीॊ है ; जैसे— He had entered the competition.
• 'had entered' will be used instead of 'had been entered' because there is no need for Passive
Voice here; Like— He had entered the competition.
20. C) DAFEBC
D. Nature writing is nonfiction or fiction prose or poetry about the natural environment.
A. Nature writing encompasses a wide variety of works.
F. These works range from those that place primary emphasis on natural history facts to those
in which philosophical interpretation predominates.
E. These include natural history essays, poetry, essays of solitude or escape, as well as travel
and adventure writing.
B. Nature writing often draws heavily on scientific information and facts about the natural
world.
C. At the same time, it is frequently written in the first person and incorporates personal
observations and philosophical reflections upon nature.
21. D) Red rag to a bull (idiom) – is used to describe something that is sure to provoke or anger
someone.
In the Statement B, "For me, a person playing a double game is someone who specially
provokes me," correctly applies this idiom by indicating that deceitful behavior acts as a direct
provocation, similar to how a red rag incites a bull.
22. D) Knowledge is Power (proverb) – which means Knowledge has the ability to conquer the
world
The more you know, the more powerful you can be in different areas of your life.
23. A) 'Blank 2' सही जगह है क्मोंकक मह वाक्म Athenian सयकाय द्वाया Socrates के प्रतत नायाजगी
के फाये भें फताता है औय उसके फाद उन्होंने जो कायथ वाई की, उसका सीधा सॊफॊध है । मह वाक्म
फताता है कक Socrates को भत्ृ मुदॊड क्मों हदमा गमा, जो कक Athenian सयकाय की नाऩसॊदगी का
ऩरयर्ाभ है ।
'Blank 2' is the correct place because it directly follows the mention of the Athenian
government's dislike for Socrates' methods, logically leading to the action they took against

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him. This sentence explains why Socrates was sentenced to death, which is a direct
consequence of the government's disapproval.
24. A) No error
25. C) Inertia (noun) – The tendency to remain unchanged or to do nothing or to remain inactive.
It is a state of inactivity or lethargy, often in a physical or metaphorical sense. तनजरक्रमता
Synonym: Idleness (noun) – The state of being idle; not being active or in use, laziness,
inactivity. आरथम
 Ardour (noun) – Great enthusiasm or passion. उत्साह
 Zeal (noun) – Great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or an objective. जोश
 Stamina (noun) – The ability to sustain prolonged physical or mental effort. सहनशजक्त

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