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TRIGONOMETRY
Right angles: SOHCAHTOA
Hypotenuse: the longest side
Adjacent: the side where there is both the angle given and the right angle.
Opposite: the side which is next to the right angle.
Answers:
(i) angles, leave them to one decimal place.
(ii) Sides, leave them to two decimal places.

Hypotenuse
x⁰ Hypotenuse
Adjacent
Opposite

x⁰
Opposite Adjacent

Examples
(i) Find x Data; Opp=4cm, Hyp=5.5
Sin x= O
5.5cm H
4cm
Sin x= 4
5.5
x⁰
x=sin-1 (0.727)
x= 46.7⁰
(ii) Find x Data; Adj=6cm, Opp=x, angle= 27⁰
6cm Tan angle= O
27⁰ A

x Tan 27⁰= x
6

x= 6 x Tan 27⁰
x= 3.06cm
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Task 1
(i) Find x

60⁰
x
28m

ANGLES BETWEEN 0⁰ AND 360⁰

2nd Quadrant 1st Quadrant

180-x⁰ x⁰
Sin positive All positive

3rd Quadrant 4th Quadrant

180+x⁰ 360-x⁰
Tan positive Cos positive

Examples
(1) Solve the equation Sin x= 0.5, where 0≤x<360.
Solution
x⁰=sin-1(0.5) Press shift on your calculator then press sin.
x⁰=30⁰
180-30= 150⁰
Therefore: 30⁰, 150⁰
(2) Solve the equation sin X= -0.349, where 0≤x<360.
Note: when calculating the acute angle we ignore the negative, consider it when finding the final
answer.
x⁰=sin-1 (0.349)
x⁰=20.4⁰

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Therefore 180⁰+20.4⁰, 360-20.4⁰

x⁰=200.4⁰, 339.6⁰
Task 2
(1) Solve the equation sin =0.766, for 0≤x<180
Assignment 1
(1) Solve the equation Cos x =0.5 for 0≤ x≤360

COSINE RULE
ECZ is in love with Cosine Rule, and so it would be wise of you to do the same.
This rule is used when we are given
(i) Two (2) sides of a triangle and angle between
B

c x⁰ a

A C

(ii) Three (3) sides of a triangle.

B

c a

A C
b

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FORMULAS

In the new syllabus you have been given formulas in the first page. What you need to do is know
how to use them.

a²=b² + c² -2bc cos A

b²=a² + c² -2ac cos B

c²=a² + b² -2ab cos C

Examples
Find Ac
B
1.
Solution

5cm 8cm b²=a² + c² -2ac cos B

112⁰
b²=8² + 5² -2 (8) (5) cos 112
√b²= √118.97
b=10.9cm
A C

2. Find angle C Angle C

A
Solution
c²=a² + b² -2ab cos C
6cm 7²=5² + 6² -2 (5) (6) cos C
7cm

49=25 + 36- 60 cos C

x⁰ 49= 61-60 cos C

C B
5cm 49 - 61= - 60 cos C

-12= -60 cos C

-60 -60

0.2= cos C
C= cos-1 (0.2)
C= 78.5⁰
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Task 3
Find AB

17cm

42⁰
B C
32 cm

2016 EXAM QUESTION

1. (a) The diagram below shows the location of three secondary schools, namely Kamubala (K),
Belengeni (B) and Pendeni (P) in a district. P is 5km from K, B is 3km from K and PKB=110⁰.

110⁰ 3km
5km

P B

Calculate
(i) BP,
(ii) the area of triangle BKP,
(iii) the shortest distance from K to BP.
(b) Solve the equation tan x=0.7 for 0⁰≤x≤180⁰
Solutions
(i) k²=b² + p² -2bp cos K
k²= 5² + 3² -2 (5) (3) cos 110
√k²= √44.26

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(iii) A=½bh (b) x= tan-1 (0.7)
k=6.7km
7.05=½ x 6.7 x h x=35⁰
(ii) Area = ½bp sin k
14.1= 6.7h
A=½ x 5 x 3 sin 110⁰ 6.7 6.7

A= 7.05km²
h=2.1km

Task 4
Find (i) AB
B
(ii) Area of triangle ACB

(iii) shortest distance from C to AB

40m

60⁰
A C
70m

ANSWERS TO TASKS
Task 1 Task 2

x=56m 50.0⁰, 130⁰

Assignment 1
60⁰, 300⁰
Task 3
AB= 22.5cm
Task 4
AB= 60.8m
Area= 1212.4m²
Shortest distance= 39.9m

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