Hepatitis B Overview and Management
Hepatitis B Overview and Management
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08
n a
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1. Hepatitis B ra m
n e s P c o
2. Hepatitis Cuci ia ail .
3. Hepatocellular
e D
d aCarcinoma m
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08
Al-Sadeq, D.W.; Taleb, S.A.; Zaied, R.E.; Fahad, S.M.; Smatti, M.K.; Rizeq, B.R.; Al Thani, A.A.; Yassine, H.M.; Nasrallah, G.K. Hepatitis B Virus
Molecular Epidemiology, Host-Virus Interaction, Coinfection, and Laboratory Diagnosis in the MENA Region: An Update. Pathogens 2019, 8, 63.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8020063
Seto W; Lo Y; Pawlotsky J; Yuen M. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The Lancet, (2018), 392(10161). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31865-8
. A 10-30% s p
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90% in perinatal
5% in adults i t y x-Decompensated
x
Higher in HIV, immune a
d
suppressedxx Liver failure
1 -x
0 8 23% within 5y
Bousali, M.; Papatheodoridis, G.; Paraskevis, D.; Karamitros, T. Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration, Chronic Infections and Hepatocellular
Carcinoma. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1787. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081787
Bashar M. American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD). 2018
Bashar M. American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD). 2018
d r . iaPositivexx Negative
HBeAg Positive
a d x Negative Negative
i t y 10x–10-x IU/mL <2,000 IU/mL* >2,000 IU/mL
HBV DNA 7
a d xx
>10 IU/mL 4 7 <10 IU/mL‡
ALT Normal -x Elevated Normal Elevated † Normal
1
Liver disease 08
None/minimal
Moderate/
severe
None
Moderate/
severe
None§
n a
Target Deskripsi d a
ra m
1. Taget ideal Hilangnya
n e HBsAgs P o
(ideal endpoint)
i
c /Dtanpa
(udengan i .c
ia serokonversi
l anti-HBs )
e d a m a
M i t y g
d
2. Target memuaskan ATidak ditemukannya p@ relaps klinis setelah terapi dihentikan
(satisfactory r . (padaia s HBeAg & pada pasien HBeAg negative )
pasien
endpoint)
d ad xxx
i t y x-x
ad Supresi
3. Target diinginkan
x x kadar HBV DNA selama terapi jangka panjang
(desirable endpoint) -(xuntuk pasien HBeAg positif & pada pasien HBeAg negative )
8 1
0
1. HBeAg n a
d a
2. HBV DNA ra
n e P o m
3.
c i ALT ias il.c
d u4. Histologis
D m a
e
M dity @g a
. A s p
dr adia xxx
i t y x-x
ad xxx 1. Immunomodulator (IFN α,
1 -
0 8 PEG-INF)
2. Nukleos(t)ida analog :
• Tenofovir Didisoproxil fumarate
(TDF) 300 mg
• Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF)25 mg
• Entecavir 0.5mg
d a
ra m
ALT Normal
i n e s P o
ALT Normal
c ALT 1-2x UNL ALT 2-5x UNL ALT >5x UNL
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Tidak M dit y @ Tidak Tidak
Indikasi mulai
terapi.
diberikan
. A s p diberikan diberikan Terapi bila
pengobatan.
r
d ad xxx i a pengobatan. pengobatan. kenaikan ALT
menetap >3bl
atau terdapat
Bila HBV DNA
<2.105 IU/mL dan
tidak ada tanda
Pantau HBV
i t y x-x Pantau HBV Pantau HBV risiko
dekompensasi, bisa
dipantau 3-6 bl
ad xxx
DNA, HBeAg, DNA, HBeAg, DNA, HBeAg, dekompensasi untuk timbulnya
serokonversi
ALT ALT ALT spontan.
1 -
08 Pertimbangkan pemeriksaan fibrosis
Respon Tidak respon
Surveillans KHS dg USG maupun non invasif atau biopsi hati pada
AFP setiap 6 bulan bagi kelompok pasien >30th atau <30th dengan
risiko tinggi riwayat KHS/ Sirosis dalam keluarga. Pantau HBV
Pertimbangkan
DNA, HBeAg,
Bila terdapat inflamasi atau fibrosis strategi terapi
ALT 1-3bl
derajat sedang/lebih, terapi. lain
setelah terapi
KHS : Karsinoma Hepatoseluler
d a
ra m
ALT Normal
i n e s P o
ALT Normal
c ALT 1-2x UNL ALT 2-5x UNL ALT >5x UNL
u c Dia ail .
e d a g m
Tidak M dit y @ Tidak Tidak
Indikasi mulai
terapi.
diberikan
. A s p diberikan diberikan Terapi bila
pengobatan.
r
d ad xxx i a pengobatan. pengobatan. kenaikan ALT
menetap >3bl
atau terdapat
Bila HBV DNA
<2.105 IU/mL dan
tidak ada tanda
Pantau HBV
i t y x-x Pantau HBV Pantau HBV risiko
dekompensasi, bisa
dipantau 3-6 bl
ad xxx
DNA, HBeAg, DNA, HBeAg, DNA, HBeAg, dekompensasi untuk timbulnya
serokonversi
ALT ALT ALT spontan.
1 -
08 Pertimbangkan pemeriksaan fibrosis
Respon Tidak respon
Surveillans KHS dg USG maupun non invasif atau biopsi hati pada
AFP setiap 6 bulan bagi kelompok pasien >30th atau <30th dengan
risiko tinggi riwayat KHS/ Sirosis dalam keluarga. Pantau HBV
Pertimbangkan
DNA, HBeAg,
Bila terdapat inflamasi atau fibrosis strategi terapi
ALT 1-3bl
derajat sedang/lebih, terapi. lain
setelah terapi
KHS : Karsinoma Hepatoseluler
n a
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Ko-infeksi dengan HCV ra terapi
• Pasien yang menerima
mDAA DAA à profilaksis NA
i n e
sampai 12s P
minggu o
paska
c
u c i a il .
d D m a
Me d•itTerapi:ya @g
A
. • Pada s p tenofovir + lamivudine
drHIV
Ko-infeksi dengan d ia pasien
x x dengan CD4 > 500 dan tidak
t y a mengkonsumsi
-x x ARV: Peg-IFN atau adefovir
i
ad xxxx
Pasien dengan81
-
kemoterapi/0 • Profilaksis NA 1 minggu sebelum sampai 12 bulan
setelah kemoterapi
imunosupresi
n a
§ Untuk dewasa ( > 18 tahun ) à Dosis d a 1 ml
§ Dilakukan sebanyak 3ekali r a m
i n P
s il.c o
§ Kapan waktunya? u c D i a a
d
e itya m
gpernah mendapat vaksin
M
1. Segera bagi d yang belum @
hepatitis .B
A s p
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d ad xxx i a
2. Dosis 2 d ity xx-1xbulan setelah dosis pertama
diberikan
a xx 5 bulan setelah dosis kedua
3. Dosis 3 diberikan
1 -
§ 08 hepatitis B booster dengan jeda 5 tahun
Plus dosis vaksin
setelah pemberian dosis ketiga
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New recommendation d a
ra m
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WHO recommends that pregnant
c women
uIU/mL) receive i a testing
il .HBsAg positive with HBV DNA ≥ 5.3
log10 IU/mL (≥ 200.000d
e until D m
aat least birth a
tenofovir prophylaxis from the 28 week of
TH
pregnancy
M i t y g to prevent MTCT* of HBV.
Three-dose hepatitis
A dB vaccination
p @in all infants, including timely birth dose.
r . i a s
d ad xxx
i t y x-x
ad xxx
New recommendation
1 -
WHO recommends 08that in setting in which antenatal HBV DNA testing is not available,
HBeAg testing can be used as an alternative to HBV DNA testing to determine eligibility
for tenofovir prophylaxis to prevent MTCT* of HBV.
Shin, EC., Sung, P. & Park, SH. Immune responses and immunopathology in acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Nat Rev
Immunol 16, 509–523 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.69mmo
n a
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Fulminane s P
Manifestasi c o Karsinoma
u c <1% Dia ekstrahepatik il .
e d a m a
(1-2%)
hepatoselular
1-5%/tahun
M Infeksi
Infeksi akut i t g
ykronik @ Infeksi kronik
Infeksi virus
(20-30% A d s p Sirosis hati
bergejala) r.
Hepatitis C
d ad xxx
(75%-85%)
i a aktif (10-20%)
Dalam 20 th
i t ySembuhxspontan
- x Sirosis
d
a x15%-25% x x dekompensata
1 - 50%/5th
08
Tidak ada antibodi HCV § Sampel dilaporkan sebagai anti HCV non reaktif
Anti HCV Nonreaktif terdeteksi/ tidak terinfeksi
n a § Pemeriksaan HCV RNA jika dicurigai riwayat terpapar HCV
ra m
Dicurigai terinfeksi Hepatitis C § Hasil reaktif berulang kali menandakan infeksi HCV sedang
. A s p
Anti HCV Reaktif r
d ad xxx i a
Status infeksi tidak dapat
dientukan (mungkin dalam
§ Periksa ulang anti HCV dan HCV RNA 3 – 6 bulan
kemudian.
HCV RNA Tidak
Terdeteksi t y x-x
status intermittent viremia) /
i
ad xxx
Sudah sembuh
Anti HCV Nonreaktif Tidak ada infeksi Hepatitis C § Tidak memerlukan tindak lanjut
HCV RNA Tidak
Terdeteksi
CDC. Testing for HCV infection: An update of guidance for clinicians and laboratorians. MMWR 2013;62(18).
PPHI. 2017. Konsesnsus Nasioonal Penatalaksanaan Hepatitis C.
KASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of Hepatitis C. 2016
M dit y @
fotosensitif.
Grazoprevir A
NS3/4A inhibitor
. s p 100 mg 1% urin Fatigue, nyeri kepala, nausea.
r
d ad xxx
NS5A inhibitor
i a 90 mg
99% feses
1% urin Fatigue, nyeri kepala
Ledipasvir
i t y x-x 99% feses
Daclatasvir ad xxx
NS5A inhibitor 60 mg 10% urin Fatigue, nyeri kepala, nausea,
08
NS5A inhibitor 50 mg 1% urin Fatigue, nyeri kepala, nausea.
Elbasvir 99% feses
Olysio du
c Dia ail . Velpatasvir
e a m Viekira Pak
Simeprevir
M dity @ g Ombitasvir/
. A s p paritaprevir/
r
d ad xxx i a ritonavir +
dasabuvir
Harvoni
Sofosbuvir +
i t y x-x Ledispavir
MyDeklad
Daclatavir xxx
a
- Zepatier
8 1 Elbasvir/
0 grazoprevir
Technivie
Ombitasvir/
paritaprevir/
ritonavir
n a SVR 12*:
Pasien yang mencapai
a d
r a m
Tanpa i n e P
s il.c o
sirosis/fibrosis u c D i a a
Tidak perlu follow up
berat e
d a g m
M dit y @
. A p
s Perlu USG dengan atau tanpa
Dengan r
d ad xxx i a
sirosis/fibrosis
i t y x-x AFP untuk surveilans HCC
F3/F4ad xxx tiap 6 bulan
1 -
0 8
Dengan risiko
terinfeksi ulang: Pemeriksaan HCV RNA tiap 1
HD, Penasun, tahun
Immunocompr
omised
Efavirenz
1 -
Daclatasvir Peningkatan dosis
08 Daclatasvir: 60 mg à 90 mg.
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© Annisa Zahra 2023 Toh, M. R., et al. (2023). Global Epidemiology and Genetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology, 164(5). https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.033
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AASLD=American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; CT=computed tomography; HCC=hepatocellular carcinoma;
MDCT=multidetector row computed tomography; MRI=magnetic resonance imaging.
Adapted from Bruix J, Sherman M. Hepatology. 2011;53:1020-1022. 18
Brown, Z. J., Tsilimigras, D. I., Ruff, S. M., Mohseni, A., Kamel, I. R., Cloyd, J. M., & Pawlik, T. M. (2023). Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review.
In JAMA Surgery (Vol. 158, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2022.7989
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Brown, Z. J., Tsilimigras, D. I., Ruff, S. M., Mohseni, A., Kamel, I. R., Cloyd, J. M., & Pawlik, T. M. (2023). Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review.
In JAMA Surgery (Vol. 158, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2022.7989
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Gugenheim, J.,et al. (2013). Recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma according to up-to-seven criteria. Hepato-Gastroenterology, 60(124).
https://doi.org/10.5754/hge12997
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ad xxx
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Kung, J. W. C., & Ng, K. K. C. (2022). Role of locoregional therapies in the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In Hepatoma Research
(Vol. 8). https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2021.138
Wáng, Y. X. J., De Baere, T., Idée, J. M., & Ballet, S. (2015). Transcatheter embolization therapy in liver cancer: An update of clinical evidences. In Chinese
Journal of Cancer Research (Vol. 27, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.03.03
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Foerster, F., Gairing, S. J., Ilyas, S. I., & Galle, P. R. (2022). Emerging immunotherapy for HCC: A guide for hepatologists. In Hepatology (Vol. 75, Issue 6).
https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.32447
Adapted from Mol Cancer Ther. 2008;7:3129-40, Wilhelm SM et al, Preclinical overview of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that targets both Raf and VEGF
and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, with permission from American Association of Cancer Research
Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y. N., Wang, K. T., & Chen, L. (2020). Lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma: From preclinical mechanisms to anti-cancer therapy. In Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta - Reviews on Cancer (Vol. 1874, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188391
*See product labelling for details on dosing in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment.
†See product labelling for full details on dissolving capsules.
1. Reference : LENVIMA TM Product information. Approved by BPOM November 12, 2019. ID: EREG171808119000025 & EREG171808119000026
2. Okusaka T et al. Poster presentation at ASCO GI, 17–19th January 2019, San Francisco.
Lenvatinib : straightforward dose modification, should it be required1
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See product labelling for a complete list of adverse reactions requiring dose modifications
i t y x-x
ad xxx
1 -
08
*Initiate medical management for nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea prior to interruption or dose reduction; gastrointestinal toxicity should be actively treated in order to
reduce
the risk of development of renal impairment or failure.
†
Reduce dose in succession based on the previous dose level (12 mg, 8 mg, 4 mg or 4 mg every other day).
‡For haematologic toxicity or proteinuria, no dose adjustment is required for first occurrence.
§For haematologic toxicity, dosing can restart when resolved to grade 2-0 or baseline. For proteinuria, resume when resolves to less than 2 g/24 hours.
Email : [email protected]
IG @annisazahra_sppd