Roll No.

: Time -
Date : MM - 60

1. Which of the following statement is correct? The electric field at a point is 1

(a) always continuous.
(b) continuous if there is a charge at that point.
(c) discontinuous only if there is a negative charge at that point.
(d) discontinuous if there is a charge at that point.

Ans : (d) The electric field due to any charge will be continuous, if there is no other charge in
the medium. It will be discontinuous if there is a charge at the point under consideration.

2. Which of the following is wrong? Resistivity of a conductor is 1

(a) independent of temperature.
(b) inversely proportional to temperature.
(c) independent of dimensions of conductor.
(d) less than resistivity of a semiconductor.

Ans : (a) Resistivity is property of material and inversely proportional to temperature for
conductor, r =
In a conductor relaxation time of electron decreases with increase in temperature.
Resistivity of the conductor is highest for insulator, intermediate for semiconductor and
least for conductor.

3. A metal rod of length 10 cm and a rectangular crosssection of 1 cm × 1/2 cm is connected to a 1

battery across opposite faces. The resistance will be
(a) maximum when the battery is connected across 1 cm × 1/2 cm faces
(b) maximum when the battery is connected across 10 cm × 1 cm faces
(c) maximum when the battery is connected across 10 cm × 1/2 cm faces
(d) same irrespective of the three faces

Ans : (a) The resistance of a wire is given by

For greater value of R, l must be higher and A should be lower and it is possible only
when the battery is connected across 1 cm × cm (area

of cross-section A)

4. Which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in a conductor? 1

(a) Drift velocity alone.
 (b) Thermal velocity alone.
(c) Both drift velocity and thermal velocity.
(d) Neither drift nor thermal velocity.

Ans : (a) Drift velocity is the average uniform velocity acquired by free electrons inside a metal
by the application of an electric field which is responsible for the current through it.

5. The magnitude and direction of the current in the circuit shown will be 1

(a) 7/ 3A from a to b through e

(b) 7/3A from b to a through e
(c) 1 A from b to a through e
(d) 1 A from a to b through e

Ans : (d) Since E1 > E2, so current in the circuit will be clockwise. Applying Kirchhoff’s law –1 ×
i + 10 – 4 – 2 × i × 3i = 0 or i = 1 A (a to b via e)

6. The potential difference between points A and B of given figure is ___________. 1

Ans : 4/3V

7. A cell of e.m.f. 1.5V having a finite internal resistance is connected to a load resistance of 2Ω. 1
For maximum power transfer the internal resistance of the cell should be ___________.

Ans : 2 Ω. For maximum power, external resistance = internal resistance.

8. The given figure shows I – V graph of a copper wire whose length and area of cross-section are L 1
and A respectively. The slope of this curve becomes:
 [CBSE 2021]

(a) less if the length of the wire is increased.

(b) more if the length of the wire is increased.
(c) more if a wire of steel of same dimension is used.
(d) more if the temperature of wire is increased.

Ans : (a)

9. Two wires A and B, of the same material having length in the ratio 1 : 2 and diameter in the ratio 1

2 : 3 are connected in series with a battery. The ratio of the potential differences (VA / VB) across the
two wires respectively is: [CBSE 2021]

Ans : (d)

10. Which of the following is wrong? 1

Resistivity of a conductor is
(a) independent of temperature.
(b) inversely proportional to temperature.
(c) independent of dimensions of conductor.
(d) less than resistivity of a semiconductor.

Ans : (a) Resistivity is property of material and inversely proportional to temperature for
conductor, ρ = .

In a conductor relaxation time of electron decreases with increase in temperature.

Resistivity of the conductor is highest for insulator, intermediate for semiconductor and
least for conductor.

11. A wire is stretched so as to change its length by 0.1%, the percentage increase in its resistance 1
will be ___________.

(a) 0.2%
(b) 0.02%
(c) 0.5%
(d) 0.05%

Ans :
12. The resistances of two wires having same length and same area of cross-section are 2 Ω and 8 Ω 1
respectively. If the resistivity of 2 Ω wire is 2.65 × 10–8 Ω-m then the resistivity of 8 Ω wire is:

[CBSE 2021]

(a) 10.60 × 10–8 Ω-m

(b) 8.32 × 10–8 Ω-m
(c) 7.61 × 10–8 Ω-m
(d) 5.45 × 10–8 Ω-m

Ans : (a)

13. When a potential difference V is applied across a conductor at temperature T, the drift velocity of 1
the electrons is proportional to:

[CBSE 2021]

(a) T

(b)

(c) V

(d)

Ans : (c)

14. Kirchhoff’s current law at a junction deals with 1

(a) conservation of energy.

(b) conservation of momentum.
(c) conservation of angular momentum.
(d) conservation of charge.

Ans : (d)

15. In the figure given below, both switches S1 and S2 are closed. Then 1

(a) L1 will be brighter than L2 or L3.

(b) L1 will be dimmer than L2 or L3.

(c) L1 will be as bright as L2 or L3.

(d) none of the above.

Ans : (a)

16. In the above question, Switches S1 and S2 are closed and the supply voltage is increased to 400 1
V. Then,

(a) lamp L1 will burn out.

(b) lamp L2 will burn out.
(c) both lamps L2 and L3 will burn out.
(d) all the lamps will be safe.

Ans : (a)

17. Power Ps is dissipated through a series combination and power Pp is dissipated through the 1
parallel combination of 3 equal resistors. The ratio of Pp to Ps is

[CBSE Learning Framework]

(a) 9
(b) 1/9
(c) 1
(d) 6

Ans : (a) Equivalent Rs = 3r

Power dissipated by battery of voltage V in series combination is Ps =

Equivalent Rp =

Power dissipated by battery of voltage V in parallel combination is Pp =

18. A current of 0.8 A flows in a conductor of 40 W for 1 minute. The heat produced in the conductor 1
will be

[CBSE 2023]
(a) 1445 J
(b) 1536 J
(c) 1569 J
(d) 1640 J

Ans : (b) By Joule’s law of heating, H = I2Rt

H = (0.8)2 (40) (60) = 1536 J

19. For the following question, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: When a resistance of given material is cut into half, its resistance reduces to half of its
original value.
Reason: The resistivity of a conductor changes with dimensions, temperature and material of
conductor.

Ans : (c) A is true but R is false.

20. For the following question, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: In a simple battery circuit, the point of lowest potential is positive terminal of the battery.
Reason: The current flows towards the point of the higher potential as it flows in such a circuit from the
negative to the positive terminal.

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

21. For the following question, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: There is no current in the metals in the absence of electric field.
Reason: Motion of free electrons in a conductor is random.

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

22. For the following question, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: The same amount of current flows through the filament and line wire. But more heat is
produced in filament.
Reason: Filament is made of material having high resistance and high melting point.

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

23. For the following question, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: Kirchhoff’s junction rule is vaild for only three number of lines meeting at a point in an
electrical circuit.
Reason: When there is a flow of varying current, then there is no accumulation of charge at the
junction.

Ans : (d) A is false and R is also false.

24. For the following question, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: The wires supplying current to an electric heater are not heated appreciably.
Reason: Resistance of connecting wires is very high.

Ans : (c) A is true but R is false.

25. For the following question, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: It is advantageous to transmit electric power at high voltage.
Reason: High voltage means high current.

Ans : (c) A is true but R is false.

26. For the following question, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false and R is also false.

Assertion: Good conductors of heat are also good conductors of electricity and vice-versa.

Reason: Mainly electrons are responsible for conduction.

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

27. You are given three constantan wires P, Q and R of length and area of cross-section (L, A), 1
respectively. Which has highest resistance?
Ans :

Hence, Q has the highest resistance.

28. State the condition for maximum current to be drawn from a cell. 1

Ans : I= ; when the external resistance, R = 0 (i.e. cell is short-circuited), then the
maximum current will be drawn from a cell.

29. When electrons drift in a metal from lower to higher potential, does it mean that all the free 1
electrons of the metal are moving in the same direction?

Ans : No. As the collision is a random process, the electrons cannot get deflected in the same
direction.

30. Give an example of a material each for which temperature coefficient of resistivity is (i) positive 1
and (ii) negative.

Ans : The temperature coefficient of resistivity is (i) positive for Cu (copper) and nichrome, and
(ii) negative for Si (semiconductor).

31. Show variation of resistivity of copper as a function of temperature in a graph. 1

Ans :

32. Out of V – I graph for parallel and series combination of two metallic resistors, which one 1
represents parallel combination of resistors? Justify your answer.
Ans : The resistance of parallel combination is less than of series combination of a given
set of resistors. Hence, B represents a parallel combination, since is more.

Hence, the resistance, i.e. is less.

or
As slope of A < slope of B and resistance (R) =
RA > RB
Hence, B will represent the parallel combination.

33. Calculate the resistance across the points M and N in the given figure. 2

Ans : In this case, points A and N are at same potential, but points M and B are at different
potentials. The above circuit can therefore be redrawn.

34. Define drift velocity. Write its relationship with relaxation time in terms of the electric field 2
applied to a conductor.
A potential difference V is applied to a conductor of length L. How is the drift velocity
affected when V is doubled and L is halved?
Ans : Drift velocity It is an average velocity of electrons moving through
any cross-section of a conductor under the influence of an external electric field.

where г is the relaxation time.

As V is doubled and L is halved,

The drift velocity will get four times.

35. A cell of emf ε and internal resistance r is connected across a variable load resistor R. Draw the 3
plots of the terminal voltage V versus (i) R and (ii) the current I.
It is found that when R = 4 Ω, the current is 1 A and when R is increased to 9 Ω, the current reduces
to 0.5 A. Find the values of the emf e and internal resistance r.

Ans :

Given: R1 = 4 Ω, I1 = 1 A, R2 = 9 Ω, I2 = 0.5 A
I=
ε = I( R + r )
ε = 1 × (4 + r) = 4 + r ...(i)
When R is increased then ε = 0.5(9 + r) = 4.5 + 0.5 r ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
4 + r = 4.5 + 0.5 r ⇒ 0.5r = 0.5 ⇒ r = 1 Ω
ε = 1 × (4 + 1) = 5 V

36. (a) State the Kirchoff ’s law. 3

(b) A battery of 10V and negligible internal resistance is connected across the diagonally opposite
corners of a cubical network consisting of 12 resistors each of resistance 1Ω in figure. Determine
the equivalent resistance of the network and the current along each edge of the cube.
Ans : (a) Refer to Point no. 16 [Important Terms, Definitions and Formulae]
(b) Ist Step: We specify current in all the 12 edges of the cube in terms of I1 using the
Kirchhoff ’s first law and the symmetry in the problem.
2nd Step: We take closed loop ABCC′EA and apply Kirchhoff ’s second rule.

Suppose the equivalent resistance of the network is

Current through each edge of the cube is now obvious from the diagram.

37. Estimate the average drift speed of conduction electrons in a copper wire of cross-sectional area 4
1.0 × 10–7 m2 carrying a current of 1.5 A. Assume the
density of conduction electrons to be 9 × 1028 m–3.

Ans : Given: A = 1.0 × 10–7 m2, I = 1.5 A, n = 9 × 1028m–3

We know that

vd = 0.1041 × 10–2 = 1.041 × 10–3 m/s

38. Current flowing through a wire varies with time t in second as 1

I = (2t + 4) A
How much charge passes through a cross-section of the wire in 2s?

Ans :

39. Calculate the value of the resistance R in the circuit shown in the figure so that the current in the 4
circuit is 0.2 A. What would be the potential difference between points A and D?
Ans : Resistance in the arm BCD of the circuit,
R1 = 5 + 10 = 15 Ω

Resistance between points B and D, RBD = = 10 Ω

Resistance between the points A and D, RAD = =5Ω

Now, the circuit reduces to the form as shown.
From the loop ADFGA,
5 × 0.2 + R × 0.2 + 15 × 0.2 = 5 ⇒ 0.2R + 4 = 5
0.2R = 1 ⇒ R = =5Ω
Potential difference between the points A and D,
VAD = 5 × 0.2 = 1 V

40. Using Kirchhoff’s rules, determine (i) the voltage drop across the unknown resistor R and (ii) the 4
current flowing in the arm EF in the circuit as shown.

Ans : (i) Applying Kirchhoff’s law, we get

VB – VA = – 1 + 4 = 3, where VA and VB are the potentials at A and B.
VB – V A = 3
Now, A is directly connected to D and VB is connected to C.
VA = VD and VB = VC
VD – VC = 3 = VF – VE
Potential difference across R is 3 V.
(ii) Also, VF – VE = – 3I + 6 ⇒ 3 = – 3I + 6 ⇒ 3I = 3 ⇒ I = 1 A
Current through EF is 1 A.

41. In the circuit shown in the figure, find the total resistance of the circuit and the current in the arm 4
CD.
Ans : As an arm CEF has a capacitor of 3 µF in steady state, no current flows through this arm.
The effective circuit is redrawn as shown in the figure.

Let the effective resistance between the points A and D be X.

42. A straight line plot showing the terminal potential difference (V) of a cell as a function of 4
current (I) drawn from it is shown in the figure.
Using this plot, determine (i) the emf, and (ii) internal resistance of the cell.

Ans : We know that E – V = Ir

(i) Clearly, where I = 0, E = V = 1.4 V (from the graph)
(ii) Also, when V = 1.2 V, I = 0.04 A

43. Calculate the value of the current drawn from a 5 V battery in the circuit as shown. 4
Ans :

The wheatstone bridge is balanced.

i.e VC = VB
No current will pass through the resistor of value 10 Ω connected between B and C.
We can redraw the circuit as shown in the figure.

44. All charges whether free or bound, were considered to be at rest. Charges in motion constitute 4
an electric current. Such currents occur naturally in many situations. Lightning is one such
phenomenon in which charges flow from the clouds to the earth through the atmosphere,
sometimes with disastrous results. The flow of charges in lightning is not steady, but in our
everyday life we see many devices where charges flow in a steady manner, like water flowing
smoothly in a river. A torch and a cell-driven clock are examples of such devices.

(i) Which of the following is the correct example of the flow of charges?
(a) Lightning
(b) Glass
(c) Water
(d) Juice
(ii) Which type of charges is either free or bound?
(a) Positive charge
(b) Negative charge
(c) Neutral charge
(d) All types of charges
(iii) Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) Only positive charge is considered to be at rest.
(b) Torch and a cell – driven clock are the incorrect example of flow of charges.
(c) All types of charges whether positive or negative charge are considered to be at rest.
(d) Both (a) and (b).
(iv) Which of the following statement is correct about lightning?
(a) The flow of charges in lightning is steady.
(b) Lightning is one such phenomenon in which charges flows from the clouds to the earth
through the atmosphere.
(c) Lightning is one such phenomenon in which charges flows from the atmosphere to the earth
through the clouds.
 (d) Both (a) and (b).
Or
(iv) Which of the following is the correct example of flow of charge in a steady manner?
(a) Torch
(b) Lightning
(c) Cell-driven clock
(d) Both (a) and (c)

Ans : (i) (a)

(ii) (d)

(iii) (c)

(iv) (b)

Or

(iv) (d)

45. Consider the case when no electric field is present. The electrons will be moving due to thermal 4
motion during which they collide with the fixed ions. An electron colliding with an ion emerges with
the same speed as before the collision. However, the direction of its velocity after the collision is
completely random. At a given time, there is no preferential direction for the velocities of the
electrons. Thus on the average, the number of electrons travelling in any direction will be equal to
the number of electrons travelling in the opposite direction. So, there will be no net electric current.

(i) What is the cause of the movement of electrons?

(a) Thermal motion
(b) Kinetic energy
(c) Resistance
(d) Capacitance
(ii) What is the relation between speed of the electron both before and after the collision?
(a) Greater speed before the collision than after the collision
(b) Same speed, before and after the collision
(c) Greater speed after the collision than before the collision
(d) None of the above
(iii) What is the direction of the velocity of electron after collision?
(a) Towards the cell
(b) Away from the resistor
(c) Random
(d) Static
Or
(iii) What is the value of net electric current?
(a) Infinite
(b) 90 A
(c) 180 A
(d) 0 A

Ans : (i) (a)

(ii) (b)

(iii) (c)

Or

(iii) (d)
46. An electric charge will experience a force if an electric field is applied. If it is free to move, it will 4
thus move contributing to a current. In nature, free charged particles do exist like in upper strata of
atmosphere called the ionosphere. However, in atoms and molecules, the negatively charged
electrons and the positively charged nuclei are bound to each other and are thus not free to move.
Bulk matter is made up of many molecules, a gram of water, for example, contains approximately
1022 molecules.

(i) When will an electric charge experiences force?

(a) If an electric field is applied.
(b) If electric current is applied.
(c) If voltage is applied.
(d) Both (a) and (b).
(ii) Which of the following correctly describes ionosphere?
(a) Free charged particles do exist like in lower strata of atmosphere called the ionosphere.
(b) Free charged particles do exist like in upper strata of atmosphere called the ionosphere.
(c) It is only the free molecules in the atmosphere.
(d) Bulk matter is responsible for the ionosphere.
(iii) Which of the following have free electrons to move within the bulk material?
(a) Non–Metals
(b) Semi–conductors
(c) Alloys
(d) Metals
(iv) Which type of matter is made up of many molecules?
(a) Bulk
(b) Semi- Bulk
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Conductor
Or
(iv) Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) An electric charge will experience a force if an electric field is applied.
(b) Bulk matter is made up of many molecules, a gram of water, for example, contains
approximately 1022 molecules.
(c) In nature, free charged particles do exist like in upper strata of atmosphere called the
ionosphere.
(d) All of the above.

Ans : (i) (a)

(ii) (b)

(iii) (d)

(iv) (a)

Or

(iv) (d)

47. If we consider solid conductors, then of course the atoms are tightly bound to each other so that 4
the current is carried by the negatively charged electrons. There are, however, other types of
conductors like electrolytic solutions where positive and negative charges both can move. We will
focus only on solid conductors so that the current is carried by the negatively charged electrons in
the background of fixed positive ions.

(i) Which type of conductor, have tight bond of atoms to each other?
(a) Liquid
(b) Solid
(c) Semi-solid
 (d) Both (a) and (b)
(ii) Which of the following type of conductor have positive and negative charge, which can move?
(a) Electrolytic solutions
(b) Insulator
(c) Semi-conductor
(d) Alloys
(iii) Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Other types of conductors like electrolytic solutions where positive and negative charges both
can move.
(b) We consider solid conductors, and then of course the atoms are tightly bound to each other
so that the current is carried by the negatively charged electrons.
(c) Only in solid conductors, the current is carried by the negatively charged electrons in the
background of fixed positive ions.
(d) All of the above.
(iv) We are able to obtain fairly large currents in a conductor because
(a) drift speed of electron is usually very large.
(b) the number density of free electrons is very high and this can compensate for the low values
of the electron drift speed and the very small magnitude of the electron charge.
(c) the number density of free electrons as well as the electron drift speeds are very large and
these compensate for the very small magnitude of the electron charge.
(d) none of the above.
Or
(iv) Which of the following is responsible for the flow of current in a conductor?
(a) Protons
(b) Free electron
(c) Positive ions
(d) Protons and holes

Ans : (i) (b)

(ii) (a)

(iii) (d)

(iv) (b)

Or

(iv) (b)