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@ Durga Publications

First Edition; August 2015

Second Edition .' September 2015
Copies.' 2000

Published by ; Durga Publications, Hyderabad.

Title lllustration .' Nivas

Tttle Design: Gopi
Printed at.' Surya Graphics, Hyderabad.
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Swami Shraddhananda an Arya Samajist leader had stood

in the pulpit of the great Jamc Masjid of Delhi and preached to a
mighty gathering of Muslims and Hindus of unity and India's

4a ")o.o.a6.a.bd
freedom. An"d thnt great multitude had greeted him with loud cries
of Hindu - Musalman - ki - jai, and outside in the streets they had
jointly sealed that cry with their blood.
[An Autobiograp,hy, Jawaharlal Nehrq p.160]

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2l OcLl9l4
Dear Mahatrnaji
Mr.Andrews has familiarised your name and your work to me.
I feel that I
am writing to no stanger. I hope, therefore, that you will
pardon me addressing you by the title which both Mr.Andrews and I
have used in discussing you and your work. Mr.Andrews told also
how you, Gurudeva and Mr.Rudra had influenced him. He described
to me the work your pupils did for the passive resisters and gave such
word pictures of the life at Gurukula that as I am writing this I seem to
be fransported to the Gurukula. Indeed he has made me impatient to

e(ror 6:#{+tlo *z
visit the three places described by Mr. Andrews and to pay my respects
to the three good sons of India who are at the head of these institutions.

I remain,
Yours,
Mohandas K.Gandhi

[Inside Congress, Swami Shraddhanand, p.48]

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The glass was filled up. Suddenly a mental screen appeared to
be dropping in front of me. A gigantic figure in loin cloth shining in
ashes, with a long st.ick in his hand stood before me. SWAMI
DAYANANDA SARS,WATI. "Have you not still faith in God?" Thus
he roared. My eyes were dim. There was no more of that figure. But
my heart was beating. I threw the filled wine glass against the wall.
The bottle was also thrown and smashed to pieces. I washed my face
and hands. I sat for a while thinking. God's mercy is great. Who can
fathom Him?
Then onwarcls there was a great change in my life.
lSwami Shraddhanand. Ed. by M.R.Jambunathan, p.461
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Mahatmaji smiled and said, "Bhai Saheb! you will acknowledge

that I am an expert in Satyagraha business. I know what I am about".
There could be no gain saying the fact and I bowed my head to his
decision.
flnside Congress, Swami Shraddhanand, PP.50-5 I ]

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firing, but they would have come back again and laughed, and I should
have made what I consider to be a fool of myself'.
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"The crowd was running away and he fired to disperse them.

As the crowd dispersed, he fired the machine gun into the village
itself. He could make no discrimination between the innocent and the
guilty. He was at a height of 200 feet and could see perfectly what he
was doing. His object was:not accomplished by the dropping of bombs
alone. By killing a few he thought he would prevent the people from
collecting again. After that he went over the city, dropping bombs, and
fired at people who were trying to get away".
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"With these indications of goodwill, it would be unwise on my

part not to listen to the warning given by the Government. A civil
resister never seeks to embarass the Govemment. I feel that I shall
better serve the country and the Government and those Punjabi leaders
who, in my opinion, have been so unjustly convicted and so cruelly
sentenced, by the suspension of civil resistance, for the time being"

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6{s it so many among you who make the loudest noises
true that
about the acquisition of political rights, are not able to overcome their
feeling of revulsion for those sixty millions of India who are suffering
insustice, yourbrothers whomyou regard as untouchable?.. Sixty million
brothers... whom you have cut offand thrown away... I make this one
appeal to all of you. Purify your heart with the water of love and
promise that these millions will not remain for you untouchables... Their
sons and daughters will study in our schools, their men and women
will participate in our societies and all of us will join hands to realise
the fulfilment of our national goal."

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"I have put untouchability in the forefront because... we can
never reach swaraj, with the poison of untouchability corroding the
Hindu part of the national body. Swaraj is a meaningless term if we
desire to keep fifth of India under perpetual subjection, and deliberafley
deny to them fruits of national culture..."

lCollccted Works of Malufina Crarrdhi, vol.23, pp.168, 1731

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lCalleeted Works of Mahatna Gafldht, Vol.23, page 2301

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About untouchability, I have to say that it is not in keeping with

the teaching of Vedas and is foreign to the principles of the Hindu
religion. But reforming this system does not mean that we should begin
interdining and intermarrying.

tColhcted worlcs of Mahatma Gandhi" Yol.23, page 1681

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"Whilst therefore in places, where the prejudice against the

untouchables is still strong, separate schools and separate wells must
be maintained out of congress funds, every effort should be made to
draw such children to national schools and to persuade the people to
allow the untouchables to use the common wells"
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llnside Congress, Swami Shraddhanand, pp. I 83- I 841

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Swami Shraddhanand, the one and only person in the Sub

Committee who can be said to be charged with the desire to do
something substantial for the Untouchables was forced to resign. A
paltry sum of money was allotted for carrying on the work of the
Committee. The Committee was dissolved without meeting once.
Mr.Gandhi took no interest in that part of the Bardoli prograrnme,
which related to the Untouchables. On the contrary instead of siding
with Swami Shraddhanand, he sided with the reactionaries and
opponents of Swami Shraddhanand, knowing full well that they did not
want anything on a big scale done for the Untouchables.

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Tiyas... suggests that volunteers should advance along barricaded roads
and scale the barricades. They should enter temples and sit with others
to dine... Now the action proposed is not Satyagraha for scaling
barricades is open violence. If you may scale the barricades, why not
break open temple doors and even pierce through temple walls? How
are volunteers to pierce through a row of policemen except by using
physical force? They will have gained theii point by something the
reverse of Satyagraha.

[Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol.28, p.l71l

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he had not advised Hijrat but when our Muslim brethren thought it to
be a call of their religion, what could he say...

flnside Congress, Swami Shraddanand, p.1161

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Shaukat Ali, in the hearing of more than 50 persons, while the merits
of non-violence were being discussed, said 'Mahatma Gandhi is a
shrewd Bania. You do not understand his real object. By putting you
under discipline, he is preparing you for guerilla warfare. He is not
such an out - and - out non-violencist as you all suppose. I was shocked
to hear all this from the big brother and remonstrated with him, which
he treated with humour".

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"However pure Mr. Gandhi may be, he must appear to me from
the point of religion inferior to any Musalman though he be without
character"
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As a follower of Islam I am bound to regard the creed of Islam
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religion. And in this sense the creed of even a fallen and degraded
Musalman is entitled to a higher place than that of any other non-
Muslim even though the person in question may be Mahatma Gandhi
himself.
lYoung Indi4 10.4,19241

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I have not read Maulana Mahomed Ali's speech. But, I would,
in a sense certainly assist the Amir of Afghanisan if he waged war
against the British Government. That is to say,I would openly tell my
counbrymen that it would be a crime to help a Government which had
lost the confidence of the nation, to remain in power.

[Collected works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol.23, p.110]

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I cannot understand why theAli Brothers are going to be arrested

as the rumour goes, and why I am to remain free. They have done
nothing which I would not do. If they had sent a message to the Amir,
I also would send one to inform the Amir, that if he came no Indian, so
long as I can help it, would help the Government to drive him back. If

120 6 Oo.o.o6.tl"g
a man is true to his religion no Afghan or any power on earth can
make him transgress his religious precepts.

[Leader, 12.5.1921]
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Maulana Muhammed Ali complained about political leaders
taking him to task for sending a wire to the Sultan of Kabul, urging him
not to make peace with the British Government. I too, urged that it
was not a wise step that he had taken. He kept quiet at the time but
when we reached the Anand Bhavan (Pandit Nehru's Palace), brother
Muhammad Ali took me aside and taking out a paper from his hand-
bag, gave a draft of a telegram to me to read. What was my
astonishment when I saw the draft of the self same telegram in the
peculiar handwriting of the Father of the non-co-operation movement.

llnside Congress, Swami Shraddhanand, p.1261

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Is not my article on "The Afghan Bogey', an invitation to the

Afghans to invade the Indian border, and thus do I not become a direct
party to violence? Thus asks Mr.Andrews. My article was written for
Indians and for the Government. I do not believe the Afghans to be so
foolish as to invade India on the strength of my article. But I see that
it is capable to bearing the interpretation put upon it by Mr.Andrews.
I therefore hasten to inform all whom it may concern that not only do
I not want to invite the Afghans or anybody to come to our assistance,
but am anxious for them not to come to our assistance. I am confident
of India's ability to settle with the Government without extraneous
help.

fThe Collected works o/Mahatma Gandhi, vol.23, p.l61]

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I would rather see India perish at the hands of Afghans than
purchase freedom at the cost of her honour. To have India defended
by an unrepentant Government that keeps the Khilafat and the Punjab
wounds still bleeding, is to sell India's honour.

lThe Colle cted w orks o/ Mahatma Gandhi, v o1.23, p.2l4l

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"I do not remember having drafted any telegram on behalf of
Maulana Mahomed Ali to the then Amir. The late Swamiji never
referred the matter to me for confirmation."

[Harijan, 10.2.19401
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The Mohamedans have a future and they believe in it - we

Hindus have no conception of it. Time is with them - time is againstus.
At the end of the year they count their gains, we calculate our losses.
They are growing in number, growing in strength, growing in wealth,
growing in solidarity. We are crumbling to pieces. They look forward
to a United Mohamedan World. We are waiting for our extinction.
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136 * .)o.e,e6.6.6
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 ... Moplah bravery must command admiration. These Malabaris
are... fighting for what they consider is Religion and in the manner
they consider is religious.
lColl.ected works of Maholma Gandhi, Vol. 25, P.l51l

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Hardly a day passes without our noticing a case or two of

kidnapping of Hindu women and children by not only Muslim scoundrels,
but also by Muslim men of standing and means... The worst feature of
this evil is thatHindus do not stirthemselves overthis day lightrobbery
of their national stock... There must be no mincing of matters or winking
at hard facts in this matter of vital importance to the Hindu community.

lPatriot, 24.10.19241
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"Not only the Arab power in Sind declined rapidly, but also most
of the neo converts returned to their former faith. The people of India
had returned to idolatry excepting those of Kassa, and the Musalmans
had no place of security in which they could take refuge"

fHistory of India As told by ils own Historians,

Elliot & Dowson, Vol.I p.l20l

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After the recall of Muhammad Bin Qasim, the Muslims retained

some foothold on the west bank of the river Indus, but they were in
such small number that they gradually merged into Hindu population.
In Mansura (the Muslim capital of Sind) they atctually adopted
Hinduism.

flslam, Sir Dension Ross, p.181

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lHindu Sangalhan, Saviour of the Dying Race,
Shraddhananda Sanyasi, pp. 84-891

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Hindi vemacular newspapers of all shades of opinion emphasised
the need for organisation among Hindus. Unity among various sections
and classes of Hindus was more important than Hindu - Muslim Unity.
V.D.Savarkar, the leader of the Hindu Mahasabha, observed, "In a
country like India where religious unity tends inevitably to grow into a
cultural and national unity, the Shuddhi movement ceases to be merely
theological or dogmatic, but assumes the wider sigfficance of a political
and national movement. "

f,Anxious Hindu Masculinitics in Colanial North India: Shuddhi

and Sangathan Movemenfs, Charu Gupta]

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Early in 1923 there were serious communal clashes in Multan

andAmritsar. Later in the year the Muslims started a definite communal
movement called Tanzeem and Tabligh in order to organise the Muslims
into a virile community. As a counter point to this the Sangathan
movement sprang up among the Hindus forpromoting physical culture
and removing social abuses. Swami Shraddhananda vigorously canied
on the Suddhi movement... with a view to bringing back within the
Hindu fold those who had renounced Hindu faith and were converted
into Islam. The Sangathan and Suddhi movement were denounced by
the Muslims...

lHistory of F re edom Mov ement, R.C.Majumdar, vol.III. p.225 -26)

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"Listen my dear Hindu brothers, listen very attentively. If you
put obstacles in the path of our Tanzim movement, and do not give us
our rights, we shall make common cause with Afghanistan or some
other Muslim country and establish our rule over lndia"
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"My own belief is that both sides are working with an eye much
more on the next decennial census than on heaven itself, and I sigh for
the days when our forefathers seftled things by cutting heads rather
than counting them."
fQuoted in History of Freedom Movement,
R.C.Majumdar, vol.IIL p.226l

e6ol iDiF{h6 * 163

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During these days temples were damaged and idols broken.
There were numerous forced conversions... Two Hindus were brutally
murdered because they would not accept Islam. The socalled
conversions were thus described by a Musalman witness: "The Hindus
came and asked to have their sikhas cut and sacred threads destroyed,
for the Musalmans whom they apprbached for protection said they
could be protected only by declaring themselves Musalmans and
removing the signs of Hinduism". I fear the truth is bitterer than is put
here if I am to credit the Hindu version.

lQuoted in Hhtory of Freedom Movement,

R.C.Mqiumdar, Vol.I[, p.2311

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Forcenturies Muhammadans have been converting Hindus, and

the Majoriy of the Muslims of India were converts. Numerous Christian
Missions were also carrying on a campaign of proselytisation. Therefore
the question of having a Hindu mission for proselytisation had become
a very pressing necessity in the situation.

l*ruggle for Freedo,m, Ed.R.C.Majumdar, p.al9l

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lHindu Sangathan, Shraddhananda Sanyasi, p.I26l
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Swami Shraddanandji's speeches are often irritating. He has

faith in himself and his mission. But he is hasty and easily ruffled. He
inherits the traditions of the Arya Samaj. I have profound respect for
Dayanand Saraswati... But he made his Hinduism nflrow. I have read
Satyarth Prakash, the Arya Samaj Bible... I have not read a more
disappointing book... He has misrepresented Jainism, Islam, Christianity
and Hinduism itself. One having even a cursory acquaintance with
these faiths could easily discover the errors.

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Having the narrow outlook, Arya Samajists either quarrel with
people of other denominations, or failing that, with one another.
Shraddanandji has a fair share of that spirit.
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That which is keeping up the tension is the manner in which
Shuddhi or Conversion movement is being conducted.In my opinion
there is no such thing as proselytism in Hinduism as it is understood in
Christianity or to a lesser extent in Islam. The Arya Samaj preacher is
never so happy as when he is reviling other religions.
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I am told both Arya Samajists and Musalmans virtually kidnap
women and try to convert them.
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fThe Collected Works of Mahafma Gandhi, Vol.28,
pp.52,53,56,571

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Swamiji, when he overheard the request, asked Dharam Singh
to letthe man in. BrotherAbdul Rashid was shown in. I purposely call
him brother, and if we are true Hindus you will understand why I call
him so. Swamiji asked his servant to admit Abdul Rashid, because
God had willed to show therethrough the greatness of Swamiji and the
glory of Hinduism...

[The Collected Warks of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol. 37, pp.4$-445]

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Now you will perhaps understand why I have called Abdul

Rashid a brother, and I repeat it. I do not even regard him as guilty of
Swamiji's murder. Guilty, indeed, are all those who excited the feelings
of hatred against one another.
TCWMG Vol.37, pp.Msl
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RECEMED STLINNING NEWS. YOU SHOULD GO DELHI PREVENT
EXCITEMENT OR RESENTMENT WIRE PARIICULARS.

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There is nothing untoward in the assassination having taken
place... God had willed for Swamiji a martyr's death and so, though he
was still on death bed, he died at the hands of an assassin... I have no
doubt that he prayed to his God to forgive him who knew not that he
was doing anything wrong... Happy the warrior who achieves such a
blessed death.

lCollected works of Maharma Gandhi, Vol.37, pp.455-4561

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I wish to plead for Abdul Rashid. It does not matter to me what

prompted the deed. The fault is ours. The newspaper man has become
a walking plague. He spreads the contagion of lies and calumnies.
Secret and insidious propaganda has done it dark and horrible work...
It is therefore we the educated and semi educated class that are
responsible for the hot fever that possessed Abdul Rashid.

TCWMG Vol.37, P.4571

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 5oq86(DQeel
1. Swami Shraddlantand (Autobiography) Ed.M.R.Jambunathan
2. Inside Congress, Swami Shraddhanand
3. Hittdu Sangathan Saviour of the DyingRace, Shraddhananda Sanyasi
4. History of Frcedom Movemcnt, Vol.Itr, R.C.Majumdar
5. Struggle for Freedom, H.R-C.Majumdar
6. Collected. Wo*.s of Mdutna Gandhi, YoL 23,25,27,37
7. Wlwt the Congress and Gandhi luve done to thc Untouclwbles, B.R.Ambedkar
8. Thc History of the Congress, B.P.Sitaramayya
9. Young India l9Vl-lV26YoL
10. Great Soul, Joseph lclyveld
11. An Autobiography, M.K.Gandhi
12. The Tragic Story of Partition H.V.Seshadri
13. An Autobiography Jawahadal Nehnr
14. Hindu Response to Nationalist Fement, Papia Chakravarty
15. The Indian strugglc, Subhas Chandra Bose
16. Chmnology of Kaslmir History, Kota Venkatachalam
17. Secular Politics: Communal Agendo" MakJlran l,al
18. India Divided RajendraPrasad
19. Indian Muslims wlo AreThcy,K.SJal
20. Islam Sir Dension Ross
21. Gattdhi andAnarcfty, C.Sankaran Nair
22. Thc New Spirit in /ndiar, H.W.Nevinson
23. Dying Race, U.N.Mukherjee
24. Gandhi Muslim Conspiracy
25. The Complete Worl<s of Swami Yivelunanda, Vol.V
26. History of India As told by its own Historians, Elliot & DOWSON, Vol.I
27 . Anxious Hindu Masculinities in Colanial North India : Shttddhi and Sangatlwt
Movernents, Chant Gupta
28. Malutma Gandhi - Tlu Mott and His Mission
29. Merc Pin,Indra Vidya Vachaspati
30. Malwn Deslblwlo Shraddharund Jagat Ram Arya
31. eo16(d{8 modd, aro>6> ere65) ft$6o
32. esrdS Cogdag AStu z1oL6, t{6ob6o tl'5063fl {63
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