0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes) 27 views8 pages1 Structure
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
C Structure
Why use structure?
In C, there are cases where we need to store multiple attributes of an entity. It is not necessary that an
entity has all the information of one type only. It can have different attributes of different data types. For
example, an entity Student may have its name (string), roll number (int), marks (float). To store such type
of information regarding an entity student, we have the following approaches:
© Construct individual arrays for storing names, roll numbers, and marks.
© Use a special data structure to store the collection of different data types.
Let's look at the first approach in detail
Hinclude
‘void main ()
{
char names[2][10],dummy; Mu 2.
dimensioanal character array names is used to store the names of the students
int roll numbers(2l.i;
float marks[2];
for (i=Oi<3i++)
{
printf("Enter the name, roll number, and marks of the student %d",i+ scanf("%s %d %f",B&names[i],&roll_numbers|i], &marks[i]);
scanf("%oc", &dummy); // enter will be stored into dummy character at each iteration
)
printf("Printing the Student details ..\n");
for (= 0;i<3;i++)
(
printf("%s %d %f\n" namesti},roll numbers{il,marks{i);
)
)
Output
Enter the name, roll number, and marks of the student 1Arun 9@ 91
Enter the name, roll number, and marks of the student 2Varun 91 56
Enter the name, roll number, and marks of the student 3Sham 89 69
Printing the Student details...
Arun 98 91.000000
Varun 91 56.000000
Sham 89 69.000000
The above program may fulfill our requirement of storing the information of an entity student. However,
the program is very complex, and the complexity increase with the amount of the input. The elements of
each of the array are stored contiguously, but all the arrays may not be stored contiguously in the
memory. C provides you with an additional and simpler approach where you can use a special data
structure, ie, structure, in which, you can group all the information of different data type regarding an
entity
ADVERTISEMENT What is Structure
Structure in c is a user-defined data type that enables us to store the collection of different data types.
Each element of a structure is called a member. Structures ca; simulate the use of classes and templates as
it can store various information
The struct keyword is used to define the structure. Let's see the syntax to define the structure in c.
struct structure name
«
datatype member1;
datatype member2;
data_type memeberN;
Let's see the example to define a structure for an entity employee in ¢.
struct employee
{ intid;
char name[20};
float salary;
‘
The following image shows the memory allocation of the structure employee that is defined in the above
example. 1000 1004
1014 1018
ADVERTISEMENT
intia char Name[10] float salary
struct Employee sizeof (emp) = 4+ 10+4= 18 bytes
int id where: Pt byte
char Name[10]; sizeof (int) = 4 byte
float salary; sizeof (char) = 1 byte
}emp; sizeof (float) = 4 byte
Here, struct is the keyword; employee is the name of the structure; id, name, and salary are the
members or fields of the structure. Let's understand it by the diagram given below:
tag or structure tag
stuct keyword
I
struct employee{
intid; —§ —————> members or
char name[50]; ———* elas of
float salary; ————> _stucture
%
JavaTpointcom
Declaring structure variable
We can declare a variable for the structure so that we can access the member of the structure easily.
There are two ways to declare structure variable:
1. By struct keyword within main0 function
2. By declaring a variable at the time of defining the structure. Ist way:
ADvermiseveNT
Let's see the example to declare the structure variable by struct keyword, It should be declared within the
main function.
struct employee
{ intid,
char name[S0];
float salary;
Now write given code inside the main() function
struct employee e1, €2;
‘The variables e1 and e2 can be used to access the values stored in the structure. Here, e1 and e2 can be
treated in the same way as the objects in C++ and Java
2nd way:
Let's see another way to declare variable at the time of defining the structure
struct employee
{ intid;
char name(S0};
float salary;
Jet,e2;
Which approach is good
If number of variables are not fixed, use the 1st approach. It provides you the flexibility to declare the
structure variable many times.
ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT
If no. of variables are fixed, use 2nd approach, It saves your code to declare a variable in mainQ function
Accessing members of the structure
There are two ways to access structure members:
1. By. (member or dot operator)
2. By -> (structure pointer operator)
Let's see the code to access the id member of p1 variable by. (member) operator.
ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT
plid
C Structure example
Let's see a simple example of structure in C language,
#include
#include
struct employee
{ intid;
char name[50];
Jel; //declaring e1 variable for structure
int maint)
{
//store first employee information
101;
strepy(e1.name, "Sonoo Jaiswal");//copying string into char array
eli //printing first employee information
printf( “employee 1 id : eNARTEMEE,
printf( “employee 1 name : %s\n", e1.name);
return 0;
)
Output:
employee 1 id : 101
employee 1 name : Sonoo Jaiswal
Let's see another example of the structure in C language to store many employees information.
#include
include
struct employee
{ intid;
char name{S0};
float salary;
Jel,e2; //declaring e1 and e2 variables for structure
int maint)
{
Iistore first employee information
elid=101;
strepy(e1.name, "Sonoo Jaiswal”);//copying string into char array
e1.salary=56000;
Iistore second employee information
e2.id=
strepy(e2.name, "James Bond"); e2.salary=126000;
ADVERmISEVENT
/iprinting first employee information
id);
printf{ “employee 1 name : %s\n", e1.name);
printf( “employee 1 id : %d\n",
printf( “employee 1 salary : %f\n", e1.salary);
/iprinting second employee information
printf( "employee 2 id : %d\n", e2.id);
printf( "employee 2 name : %s\n", e2.name);
printf( “employee 2 salary : 9f\n", e2.salary);
return 0;
)
Output:
employee 1 id : 101
employee 1 name : Sonoo Jaiswal
employee 1 salary : 56000.¢00000
employee 2 id : 102
employee 2 name : James Bond
employee 2 salary : 126000.000000
)
#Youtube For Videos Join Our Youtube Channel: Join Now
