NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –

Probability

Exercise 13.1 Page No: 538

1. Given that E and F are events, such that P (E) = 0.6, P (F) = 0.3 and P (E ∩ F) = 0.2, find P (E|F) and P (F|E).

Solution:

2. Compute P (A|B), if P (B) = 0.5 and P (A ∩ B) = 0.32

Solution:

3. If P (A) = 0.8, P (B) = 0.5 and P (B|A) = 0.4, find

(i) P (A ∩ B)

(ii) P (A|B)

(iii) P (A ∪ B)

Solution:
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability

4. Evaluate P (A ∪ B), if 2P (A) = P (B) = 5/13 and P (A|B) = 2/5.

Solution:
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability

5. If P (A) = 6/11, P (B) = 5/11 and P (A ∪ B) = 7/11, find

(i) P (A∩B)

(ii) P (A|B)

(iii) P (B|A)

Solution:
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability

Determine P (E|F) in Exercises 6 to 9.

6. A coin is tossed three times, where

(i) E : head on the third toss, F : heads on first two tosses
(ii) E : at least two heads, F : at most two heads
(iii) E : at most two tails, F : at least one tail

Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability

7. Two coins are tossed once, where

(i) E: tail appears on one coin, F: one coin shows the head
(ii) E: no tail appears, F: no head appears

Solution:

(ii) Here, E: no tail appears

And F: no head appears

⇒ E = {HH} and F = {TT}

⇒E∩F=ϕ
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability

8. A die is thrown three times, E: 4 appears on the third toss, F: 6 and 5 appear, respectively, on the first two
tosses.

Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability
9. Mother, father and son line up at random for a family picture
E: son on one end, F: father in the middle.

Solution:

Let M denotes mother, F denotes father, and S denotes son.

Then, the sample space for the given experiment will be

S = {MFS, SFM, FSM, MSF, SMF, FMS}

Here, E: Son on one end

And F: Father in the middle

⇒ E = {MFS, SFM, SMF, FMS} and F = {MFS, SFM}

⇒ E ∩ F = {MFS, SFM}

10. A black and a red dice are rolled.

(a) Find the conditional probability of obtaining a sum greater than 9, given that the black die resulted in a 5.
(b) Find the conditional probability of obtaining the sum 8, given that the red die resulted in a number less than
4.

Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability

11. A fair die is rolled. Consider events E = {1,3,5}, F = {2,3} and G = {2,3,4,5}
Find
(i) P (E|F) and P (F|E)
(ii) P (E|G) and P (G|E)
(iii) P ((E ∪ F)|G) and P ((E ∩ F)|G)

Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability

(iii) Clearly, from (i), we have

E = {1, 3, 5}, F = {2, 3} and G = {2, 3, 4, 5}

⇒ E ∪ F = {1, 2, 3, 5}

⇒ (E ∪ F) ∩ G = {2, 3, 5}
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability

12. Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family has two children, what is the
conditional probability that both are girls given that (i) the youngest is a girl, (ii) at least one is a girl?

Solution:

Let B denote boy and G denote girl.

Then, the sample space of the given experiment is S = {GG, GB, BG, BB}

Let E be the event that ‘both are girls’.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability

13. An instructor has a question bank consisting of 300 easy True/False questions, 200 difficult True/False
questions, 500 easy multiple choice questions and 400 difficult multiple choice questions. If a question is selected
at random from the question bank, what is the probability that it will be an easy question, given that it is a
multiple-choice question?

Solution:

Here, there are two types of questions, True/False or Multiple Choice Questions (T/F or MCQ), and each of them is
divided into Easy and Difficult type, as shown below in the tree diagram.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability
14. Given that the two numbers appearing on throwing two dice are different. Find the probability of the event
‘the sum of numbers on the dice is 4’.

Solution:
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability
15. Consider the experiment of throwing a die; if a multiple of 3 comes up, throw the die again and if any other
number comes up, toss a coin. Find the conditional probability of the event ‘the coin shows a tail’, given that ‘at
least one die shows a 3’.

Solution:
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability

16. If P (A) = 1/2, P (B) = 0, then P (A|B) is

A. 0
B. ½
C. not defined
D. 1

Solution:

C. Not defined

Explanation:

17. If A and B are events such that P (A|B) = P (B|A), then

A. A ⊂ B but A ≠ B
B. A = B
C. A ∩ B = φ
D. P (A) = P (B)

Solution:

D. P (A) = P (B)

Explanation:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 –
Probability