Tensile Stress Area vs.
Root Area
Of A Threaded Fastener
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Tensile Stress Area vs. Root Area Of A
Threaded Fastener
July 4, 2023 by Patriot Bolt and Fastener
The effective cross-sectional area of the threaded rod that resists rod fracture is the
tensile stress area. It has been observed during the testing of threaded rod that an
unthreaded rod, having a diameter equal to the mean of the pitch diameter and the
minor diameter has the same tensile strength as the threaded rod. This cross-sectional
area called the tensile stress area is used for the purposes of calculating the tensile
strength of the rod.
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Tensile Stress Area
For metric series, the tensile stress area (for steel) = (PI/4)*(D-0.938194P)2
For inch series, the tensile stress area (for steel) = (PI/4)*[D-(0.9743/n)]2
where D = nominal diameter, P = thread pitch, n = threads per inch, PI = 3.1416
Root Area
Don’t be confused with Root area – a more conservative stress area that is still widely
used such as in ASME B31.1 code. Root area is based on the root or minor diameter of
the threads, and therefore its stress area is smaller than the tensile stress area. Root
area is not based on experimental data. It is designed to introduce a factor of safety in
thread strength calculations. The designer pruposely assumes a “root” stress area
smaller than the “real” tensile stress area to be sure that the rod isn’t overstressed in
service.
For metric series, the root area = (PI/4)*(D-1.3P)2
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For inch series, theWorld Record:
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= (PI/4)*[D-(1.3/n)]2
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Tensile Stress Area Vs Root Area Of A Threaded Fastener
ASTM A193
Originally approved in 1936, this specification is heavily utilized in petroleum and
chemical construction applications. The ASTM standard covers alloy steel and stainless
steel bolting materials for high temperature service. This specification includes
fasteners intended for use in pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings. Although,
this material is often available in national coarse (UNC) thread pitches, if being used in
traditional applications, threads are specified 8 threads per inch (tpi) for diameters
above one inch.
Below is a basic summary of a few of the common grades. ASTM A193 covers a number
of other standard specifications not covered in this description including B5, B6, and
B16.
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