Life in Takkah as Early i i rly life Uptill first revelation . ste PBUH) Muhammad (PBUH) was bom in Makkah, on Monday, AD. His mother Hazrat Aminah bint Wahab and father Hazrat Ab Muttalib belonged to the noble family of Quraish, eln Arab history, this period is known as “Age of Ignorance’ due to polytheism, deny: Sambling, tribal fights, maltreatment of women, slaves, orphans, widows ” Sriking © His father Hazrat Abdullah died few months before Prophet (PBUH)’s bith, the name “Muhammad” by Abdul Muttalib and ‘Ahmed! by his mother Ar, * As per the custom of the Arabs Prophet (PBUH) was given to a Bedoui Sa’ad—Halima Sadia. It was because the tough desert life gave the chi and the language of Bedouins was a much purer Arabic. Prophet (PHU) Lam the most perfect Arab amongst you, my descent is from Qui? , tongue of Banu Sa‘ad.”(Ibne Hisham) * At the age of six, Halima brought him back to hi ther wo f inah die 12 Rabi-ul-awa, dullah bin Abdy K hwo Yasrib to vise ¢ grave of his father. On the retum journey sid at Abwa, Um -Aimen, a slave. brought him back to Makkah. © Prophet (PBUH)'s grandfather —Abduf Matt ib. fof him but unfortunately. he lived for a short period and died when Prophet (P fight years old. - © Now Prophet (PBUH) was undgr the custody of fazrat Abu Talib. He loved hima lot and ranked him higher thafshis own sons. Quranfays, “Did He not find you an omphas give you et # At the ave of twelve. ffe accompg bu TaliDon a trade joumey to Syria, At Basra the met Christian mo, ayuinst the hatred of te © Prophet (PBUH) loved solit his “and they mostly rely on memorization, ed by the gentle and pleasant nature of : he titles of AE tAwmon among Ara ngase, MaJKans got impr a a a their valuables to him for safekeeping, thus, giving him @ Sauiththd Al-Amiy eA the d known as HM -ul-Fijar, This happe roe Prophet (PBUH) only participated in it by picking the arrows and handing the Prophet i n ibs crilegious war between Quraish and Hawa 5 s in the sacred months, when battles were f we of UF he witnessed a to his uncle, . phe f al-Fazul. Pee" Hal it! eat? © Due to heavy losses in this battle, there was an agreement ie. ioe (PBUH) participated in it with his unele, Zubair bin Abdul Muttalib. He Tater a truce of peace, “I was present in the house of Abdullah [bn-e-Juda’an at a ink pact that I would not exchange any part in it fora herd of red camels. And ii [ was summoned to it, [ would gladly respond."(Ibn e Hisham)16 * Later, he went to Syria with a merchandise ofa rich widow—Khadija "On their return, Maisara—Khadija’s stave narrated the honesty and fair dealing of the Prophet (PBUH). She ag accepted after consulting Abu Talib. Prophet ‘¢ of marriage. She bore him two sons inab, Umm e Kalsoom and Fatima), Sent a proposal of marriage, which w: (PBUR) was 25 and Khadija was 40 at the tim brahim and Qasim), four daughters (Rugayah, Zai - * At the age of thirty five, Prophet (PBUH) had to resolve an issue of fixing of the bl: stone. Ka’bah was filled by rain water and had to be rebuilt. During the rebuilding, dispute arose that who would fix the black stone, It was decided that the first person to enter Ka’bah tomorrow will fix it. Prophet (PBUH) being that first one handlegghis dispute with Perfection, He asked the chiefs of the tribes to hold the comers of the sheet jn which the black stone was located and then he laid it in its place. * Prophet (PBUH) became more fond of solitude and used to stay for days few dates, oatmeal and water in nearby cave—Hira. At the age of 40 M Ramadan, 6 Hibrail brought the first revelation ie. first five verses of Surah MfaieMRroclaim Zin the name of thy Lord...” (96:1-5) First Revelation / Cave of Hira —~ ‘ * As Prophet (PBUH) approached the age of forty, He started retiring in the cave of Hira at Jabl e Nur with a supply of dates, oatmeal and water. ¢ In 610AD. at the age of 40, Prophet (PBUH) received the first Revelation. he angel came to him and asked him ne ProgKet (PBUH) replied, "I do not know how to read." The Proppet (PBUH) added.” thggfngel caught me (forcefully) and pressed me so hard that I coul me to read. and I replied “T do not bear it any moreyfle then released me and again asked know how to red.’ Thereupon he caught me again and pot beard any more. He then released me and axain lied, igmot know how to read (or what shall I read)" Thereupon he cacuht mefypthe third tip® and pressed me, and then released me and said. Read in the name of your Bugd, who fas ereated (all that exists), created man from a clot dd! Aad your Lord is the MMyfenerous." (9621-3) asked me to read buBygain L ‘O Muhammad @ -ProggePBUH) moved out yf the cave and saw the same anyel sayin, “you are the messengyr of Allah and Tam Jibrail," ;tumcd with the inspiration and with his heart beating severely, Then he eTradija afl said, "Cover me! Cover me!" She covered him till hie tear Ai her everything that had happened, "Allah will never disgrace you, You keep is fear was over nd after that he “Khadija and kin, help the poor and the destitute, s rity-alflicted ones." good relations with your kith Ve your guests hetously and assist the deserving © fe “Khadija then Islamic Period be ied hit ‘comps a Christian, {o her cousin Warga bin Nautal, who, during the pre~ ¢ Khadija said to Warga, "Listen to the story of your ng “O my nephew! What have you seen?" sis the same Phew, O my cousin!" Warga asked, ; Tophet (PBUH) described whatever he had seen. (ne who Keeps the secrets (angel Jibrail) whom Allah had Warga said, "T7 Sent to Moses, Twi: tum you out." ‘ish T were young and could live up to the time when your people would oP , ee asked, "Will they drive me out?” Warga replied in the affirmative and on a (man) who came with something similar to what you have brought was ‘ated with hostility; and if [ should remain alive till the day when you will be turned out then I would support you strongly." But after a few days Warga died. Learning © Prophet (PBUH) was in a state of great surprise. 9 * Prophethood is a divine will of Allah—chosen one not acquired. # Iqra—importance of knowledge in Islam. © Provide guidance to those who seek guidance. © Divine Guidance—start of Prophet (PBUH) mission as well as QurargA\ Stages of Early Preaching by Prophet (PBUH) Com . « Allah revealed, ‘O thou wrapped up (in the mantle)! Arise and deliver thy warning! And thy Lord do thou magnify! And thy garments keep free from stain! And all abomination shun!” (74:1-5). ¢ Prophet (PBUH) initiated his sacred mission right from home and then moved to the people closely associated with him. In fact, a host of people who nursed not the least seed of doubt immediately responded and quite readily embraced the true faith. They are known in the Islamic literature as the early converts. Khadija '*, the Prophet (PBUH)’s wife, was the first to enter the fold of Islam followed by his freed slave Zaid bin Haris, his cousin, ‘Ali bin Abi Talib, who had been living with him since his early childhood, and next came his intimate friend Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr was the first free male adult to accept Islam. + Abu Bukr proved to be an energetic and most zealous activist. He invited whomever he had confidence and through his personal efforts a good number of people converted to Islam such as Usman bin Affan, Zubair bin Awam, Abdur Rehman bin Aut, Sa’ad bin Abi Waqas and Talha, © Among the early Muslims were Bilal bin Rabah, Abu Ubaida bin Jarah, Ubaida bin Haris. Saved bin Zaid and his wife Fatima bin Khattab, Khabub bin Aratt, Abdullah bin Masud and many others. Ibn Hisham counted them to be more than forty. ¢ The Prophet (PBUH) used to meet and teach the religion in privacy because the call to It focused on puritying the soul [slam was still running on an individual and secret bas and preventing the Muslims from falling prey to the deceptive glamour of life. based on divine injunction, ¢ Prayer was established as a ritual at an early stage, celebrate the Praises of thy Lord in the evening and in the morning.” (40:55) e For full three y Prophet (PBUH) had been content to teach within a rather vn circle. The angel Jibrail had brought him down a further Revelation," And admonish th) nearest kinsmen.” (26:214)18 his kinsmen of Banu Hashim so who amongst you will help 1" No one responded to the 11 be your helper. I will In obedi and ee to Allah's commands, Prophet (PBUH) rallied me in this them: “Allah has ordered me to call You to Him, a meseree affair and be my friend, my adviser and my eer i os “age Except Ali, who said, “O Prophet (PBUH) of Allah! Isl fight him wh bu Lahat _ O fights you, b re '© fights you", Abu Lahab oppos “Th 3 Soon the Prophe Phet (PBUH) received another revelation, 7 4 . aa 81 commanded, and tum away fom those who join false gods with Allah. ee ) 0 ollowing this command, He stood up on Mount of Safa, and called out lou Quraish! If L were to tell you that a large army has ‘collected on the other side of this mountain and is ready to attack you, would you believe me?” THEY said: "Yes, we have never experienced any lie from you." He said: "I am @ wamer {0 You before a severe torment.” “ . Ate Lahab promptly replied: "Perish you all the day! Have you summoned us for such a thing?” © The Quraish were affaid of this new religion believing in one God and started a fierce opposition and persecution. Oppo: v © The Prophet (PBUH) started preaching Isi and Wam"™, Almost 40 people converted to’ ing thisdime. Later. with the Quranic command of “Therefore expound openly what fmanded, and turn away from those who join false gods with {llah.” (15:94), situa # Quraish were much agitated aAd began to consider rye&sures which should arrest its further progress. This oppositions hing surpris § Quran says, “Alas for My creatures! Whenever a Messenugt comes to shdhy, they deriie him and make fun of him”. (36:31). «Once the hostility of Quraish was aroused, the Muslims were subjected to all manner of humiliations and persecutions. Quraish were determined that the new faith must be crushed. and its followers forced to abandon it. it chiefs that took pi the persecutions were, Abu Sutyan, Abu Jahl, Abu and Sheba. ¢ Promin ot renoune€ lam and replied “Ahad, Ahad « cmmar bin Yasir, his father Yasir and his mother Sumayyah were most mercilessly and yy tortured by Abu Jalil, Sumayyah was the fest martyrs of Islam, cr was dragyeed from his beard while protecting the Prophet (PBUED. with ropes and way beaten : «Abu Usman was tied up 2 radar was clled inside a Fength of matting and was tortured with smoke, 2 cbadullah bin Masood! was beaten up severely inthe eourtyard of the Ka’ba, © Rbeahab bin Arat was a blacksmith ws forcibly held down on his back upon the burns hageoal of his own forge tll the fre went out clF as a Tope tied to his feet, © Labenah—female slave w; * Zinrah—female sl eIns® {as beaten up mercilessly. ‘ave was beaten by Abu Jahl so cruelly that she lost her eyesight. Year of Prophethood, when the sufferings and tribulations of the Muslims at the hang of Quriish reached their limit, the Prophet (PBUH) directed two groups of Muslims 4, migrate to Abyssinia, For them Prophet (PBUH) said, “They are the first peontg to migrate in the cause of Allah after Ibrahim and Lut”. oY» > Prophet (PBUH) re * After persecuting the companions, they started to persecute P (PBEN by throwin; thoms and rubbish, calling Him magician, poet, mad. eng - . * Prophet (PBUH) was engaged in prostration, someone, at the instigation of Abu Jak: Placed the filth of a camel over his shoulders, Later, Hazrat Fatima'®” removed it * Prophet (PBUH) was engaged in prayer; Utba bin Abi Mueet strangled Him with a piece o: cloth round his neck, p in Prophet (PBUH)’s path, were divorced by Abu Lahat son’s—Utba and Utaiba. * Quraish sent a delegation to Abu Talib, focusing to bribe the Prophet (PBUH) ie. wealth ‘and headship and marrying the fairest girl, but were tumed down. The Prophet (PBUE replied to “If these people were to place the sun on my right, and the moon on my lett! would not desist from doing my duty. [shall persist in it till God enables me to discharge: fully or till [ perish in the attempt”, ¢ When the second son of Prop! BUH) died Abu Lahab started to call Prophet (PBUH PA man cut off witlyo male offspring, Quran replied to it in Surah Kausa pr gfhho hates you, he will-ye cut off”, [108:3] 9, Qua sed that Prophet (PBUH) worship their gods and in retum they wit het (PBUH) replied “You have your religion and I have my religiow © Prophet (PBUH)’s daughters eo and Um-el x (109:6). o In 7” yeaegmFophethood, Prophet (PBUH) along with Banu Hashim and companions 98 forced to live in a narrow valley for almost three years ie. Shib-e-Abi Talib in this sec boycott became so swear that children cried with hunger, adults fed on boiled leather 20! leaves, # In 10" year, with the death of Abu Talib, Prophet (PBUH) lost His tribal shield. AS Abu Lahab became chief of B: anu Hashim, : an . ei ¢ In Taif, Prophet (PBUH) and Zaid bin Haris had to face shelling of stones—plood To from both legs of the Prophet (PBUH) and Zaid, trying to shield him, was wounded !20 sor their destruotion? T hope son from each (PBUH). and courage, “HY will certainly be among the believers * ting in DaruneNadvwa, where it was desided NAL OF pers lected who would simultaneously ataek and Kill the Prophet : een Prophet (PBUH) stuck to his miss ear a30e with someting of fear and hunger, |, but give glad tidings to those Who patiently prese! : WUld be sel After all these fs Be sure, We sia oF the fruits of ion with, vigor Z in goods irve”. (2:155) Reas, on for persecution © Qur were dev See levoted idol-worshippers, they held their idols in offence against them, © The custo stom: abits of: S and habits of the Arabs ie. Adultery, liquor, gambling, aan, Sao Mtablish a Qnivefsal brotherhood. here were a large number of wealthy ang amon Quraish. That is why -y said: “Why has not this Quran bget! great man of the two cities. Makkah or Taif?’ (43:32) Lessons # Prophet (PBUH) leadership. boycott and Junction of *Expound Openly’, the polytheists were furi Islam brought forth, Poor as well as rich converts hi to f oven 's had to face sweat a revolutionary ily Fee hand of pagans. The threat of the polytheists beeam theists became so serious that in rit Prophethoon1SAD, Prophet (PBUH) permitted Mi he following revelation: “To those who leave t ustims to migrate to eave persecutio the 5” year ‘Abyssinia, based on | ’ Mt Of Allah, after suffering oppression We will assuredly give a ai homes in the cause put truly the reward of the Hereafler will be greater. Uf they only weal home in this world those who persevere in patienee and put their rust on theit Lord,” (1 a (this)! (They are) « Prophet (PBUH)'S audviyed regarding migration: “I you were to-go é 2) be better for you), for the king (there) will not tolerate injustice and to Abyssinia (it would is Allah shall relieve you from your distress.” it is a friendly country, until such timech - © In 6" year of Prophethood’616AD, 2 migration to Ab: Women with Jafar bin Abi Talib, as their leader. * When the chiefs of Makkah leamed about the fee Abyssinia, they were furious and send ‘Amr * After presenting gifts, they said to Negus, « vreed of their forefathers and have invented a re! well as yours. They are now residing in yous request the king to expel them as soon as po, © Muslims were brought to the king, angsk& defended the Muslims: ‘O King! We Were ‘cyt The strong among us lived by preying upon. Yk acknowledged no authority sa ‘wood, and we knew nothing Messenger who was him: His character was ex, the worship of Qae truth, and to protect NY ordered us to show respect followed his teachings. Most » the kis asked him to read some of the verses from Quran. Jafar read verse gh Miriyd: “He said: "Nay, Lam only a messenger trom thy Lond, Ota holy son. She said: "How shall I have a son, seeing that no man bs touched me, and am not unchaste?” He said: "So (it will bey: Thy Lond for Me: and (We wish) to appoint him as a Sign unto men and a Mercy matter (so) decreed." (19:19-21) + To this Negus replied, “By God this and Gospel are the lights of one candle. # Negus was impressed and convinced of the authenticity of this re dismay, the king announced that Muslims are free to live in hie ¢ The polytheists did not cease to make their e; and declared that the Muslims reject the divine n. The next day, Amr ret ature of Christ. The Ki22 , f Jesus is the same as that of God and Hi iP ied, ‘Our judgment © > wi s u once asin. a eo soa ent, His Prophet (PBUHD.” With this, Negus extended Messenger, viz. his support to Muslims. ina ¢ Muslims spent many years in Abyssinia and retumed fo Madinah at the time of bate of Khyber. Learning © When Muslims are being severely persecuted and fear for their faith, they should migrate when they have the option to do so. © Muslims are to leave their land if Islam is under attack. © When migrating, Muslims must seek a land with a just rul © It is important for Muslims to eam to eloquently interact with non, and enlightening others about Islam. Jafar bin Abi Talib’s demonstrates leadership and Islamic knowledge. ler for protectio Isra wal Miraj The Isra and Miraj refer to, two parts of a miraculous journey that Prophet (PBUH) took in one night from Makkah to Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem—Isra’, and then an ascension to the heavens—Miraj, on 27" Rajab, 10 year of might show him some of ¢ [tis narrated, “Jibrail open # Propti PBUH) rfrrated, “I was brought the Burag, a long white creature ‘unaller than a mule which when ride, would place its next step as far as its eyesignh qu ched Al-Quds, Jerusalem, There [ tied it up to the same ring used by the previous Prophets.” (Bukhari), «# Prophet (PBUH) entered the Masjid al-Aqsa and it was here that he niet Ubraien “>, Musa 1S) tsa‘ and other Prophet (PBUH) s und led them in p 7 « After that, the Prophet (PBUH was brought two bowls one of them had wine and the other had milk, He was told, “Have either of them!" The Prophet (PBUH) chose the mill Jibrail ‘Sto the Prophet (PBUH), "You chose the natural one; if you had chosen the wines YOUr gone astray alter you", sai Ummah would have* Tibrail asce . nded with tl Aint Heaven toon thet (PBUH) tothe Heavens, Jibrail» asked: “Who ig , ing hts asked: “Whois i ae ho is seeompanying a iS 10” he replied: Jibrail replied: “He hae ieee uhammad” [t was said: “Has he been ‘Sens Welcomed, What an eX * He stopped by Yahya and Isa, vale sent for.” The Angels said: “(Marhaha) He |, and congratulated him. Then, he visited Baits Mamut e€ mucl r (the much ). which seventy thousand argyls visited ever, day. (Bukhari) * After that, he went to Sidra akM Prophet (PBUH) said, was frequently visited house} Juntaha (Lote Tree of the Extremity) together with fibre -Then Jibrail took me until we reached Sidra gM shrouded in colors, indescribable. Then I was admitted into P small (tents) or walls (made) of pearls and its earth was of musk.” (BGuie © Jibrail lett the Prophet (PBUH) there and he was elevated and approached to a Almighty. Narrated as, “...The Prophet (PBUH) was given & paras) concluding verses of Surah al-Baqra, and the remig™g of s. fs Ummah who associate not anything with AIYA™ (Mism) © At that time Allah Almighty made five-time prayers obligatory for Muslims, the pras y in the beginning but the Prophet (PBUH) after consulting Musa '* requested « Allah Almighty and reduced them to five. It is narrated as, "O Muhamma need to be performed five times a day, However, there are ten rew Muslim) ese prayer for eat time Prophet (PBUH) went to Al shamed before Him.” (Muslim) is reported, “When [ Way and were seratching thei en up to Paven, I passed by people who had nails of cope s and their chests. I said: Who are these people, Jibrail? Hs door way sui] movingJas he just lett, In the moming, he told Makkans about Ascensiv near the Karbah, They asked for evidence, *O Muhammad! You eluim to have gone Jem, Tell uPiow! How many doors and how many windows does the mosque 2+ Aqsa mend (PBUH) answered in consent of divine guidance. vatean o They asked proof alter proof, Prophet (PBUH) toll them shout the caravans he had sen the way, Quraish went out of Makkah to meet the caravans. They saw the caravans i same state as the Prophet (PBUH) had informed them but they did not embrace Islam. ¢ Quraish taunts, “Who is going to believe in such a midsummer night aoa ie going on when Abu Bakr came up. "Do you know, Abu Baht, what news sou Be for you in the moming?™ said one of the man. “He says he was on the eT would belie’? night, having a talk with Allah, the Almighty. Would you ee reget (PCE anything that the Messenger of Allah says,” replied Abu Bakr. That day called Abu Bakr “Siddique ie. testifier of truth”.Learning is Prophet (PBUH), ad the doors for His © Allah established that even if the unbelievers bad a nel sre open for hit. Allah is his Su e doors of He ets who were long porter and Protector, and the sr Prophets W! ram ater with othe different © This is illustrated by the Prophet (PBUH)'S encounter " rive as beings me Since dead as far as we normally think of it but who IP te te people with complete e cl invil + He met Allah, saw paradise and hell, and now he could i contidence that he was true. a Seeger : are not bound for Allah. Space and time which are bound by laws of nature for humans are Pot he * Leading prayer in Al-Aqsa, exalted his status among other cena a * Itestablished the truth of Islam, obligation of prayers, importance em Visit of Taif om 1H) set out towards Tai * In 10 year of Prophethood/619AD, the Prophet (PBU s it freed slave Zaid bin Haris inviting miles in the south-east of Makkah, in the company of his people to Islam. © With the death of Hazrat Abu Talib, he lost clan support of Banu Hashii explore new areas for preaching as it was difficult to preach in Makkah. ‘© But contrary to his expectations, the general_atmosphere was terribly hostile. He approached the noble family of Umair. But, to his disappointment, all of them tured deaf’ to his message. # Three brothers from the chieftains of Saqeef —‘Abd Yaleel, Masud and Habib met the Prophet (PBUH), and insulted by saying; "God did not find anyone else tor His message except you?” Another said: "I must be,naive or a thief if I believed you to be a Prophet (PBUH)." “TZ 8 « For ten days he stayed there delivering his message to several people, one after another, but all to no purpose. « Crowd of teenagers pelted him with stones and forced him to flee from the city. Blood flowed down both his legs; and Zaid, trying to shield him, was wounded in the head. The mob did not desist until they had chased him two or three miles, k refuge in orchards and rested against the im. So he had to all of'a vineyard, : ‘Utbah and Shai’ba, wea . elpless s and Shai'ba, wealth: Ctakkans, sent one of their Christin slave—Adkas with a tray of grapes, ” « Prophet (PBUH) t¢ sing him in this helpless situation, the owners of Orchard > ayed: "...For the sake of Your pleasure, « Prophet (PBUH) prayed pleasure, | remain pleased and eesie to my fate, No change in this world occurs without Your Wil, pleased and resigned Fibra together wit the angel of mountains apy people's words and f Main, Angel of Mountain, sere eal which is the valley of Tail! Prophet (PBUH) said, “No, doesn’t, May be « Pro} people?” \ wed. Jibrail said, “All J sent you the angel of mountains to your aid.” Messenger of All jah has heard your lah! Permit Srmit to squeeze the two a mountain any of their ger ¥ ol their generations tum out to be zoodDay of Gay for yoyo hud, Hazrat Aisha ®*) asks the Prophet (PBUH), “Is Uhud the most paint, *MOAH yy TPlied: “No Aisha, the Day of Taif was.” AH. whole accepted Islam. * Many people Were visiting Makkah on business or as pilgrims to the Kabah. Although the Worship w ‘lS not anything like the Hajj that Islam has taught Muslims. * Atter Tetuming from Taif, Prophet (PBUH) tumed his attention towards Yasrib, as they were familiar with monotheism (belief in one God) S Y existed there. * Mainly the people of Yasrib—Aus and Khazraj were idolaters and we: they had fought a war i.e. Battle of Bua’th and were in dire need of ped * The third pary was the Jews who used to threat the locals that a m&scngh come to estab) In 11" year of Prophethood-620AD, a group of six peo: (PBUH), knowing that this is the Prophet (PBUj ilgrims fen 4° 8 Sewiy Jewish rule. * In 12" year of Prophethood-621AD, of the people came to Makkah ready to acknowledge them were from the Khazraj cl; © They met Prophet (PBUH),s undertook a pledge, up of twel s their Prophet (PBUH). All and Uwaim who were trom Au called “Pledge opwdhyen” Prophet (PBUH) sent ot consisting anything about war of ¢ first ambassador to preach [slam in Yasnib wit £0 meet 75 people (including two women). They accepted Islam, invited Prophet (PBUH) VQrib and undagook gy” © listen and obey in every dit lenty as well as in scarcity, To enjoin good and forbid evil, In Alle ur the censure of none, To aid Prophet (PBUH) when he comes to th trom,” * Abbas pointed the risks that incurring by inviting Prophet (PBUH) to Yasrib and advise them that if they could not shoulder this burden then leave the Prophet (PBUH) amongst own people in Makkah. The Yasnib Muslims were determined as ever to follow [slam “ dedicated their lives and loyalty to the Prophet (PBUH). This pledge was also called pledge of war as people of Yasrib offered protection trom Quraish. . ¢ Prophet (PBUH) then asked them to appoint 12 men to represent the group and © responsible r ding the articles of the pledge.Zo i t these akkans were quite angry 2 the Mal the Prophet (PBUH). * Sectee: Y of this 2™1 : 's 2™' pledge g ckly and go got out very quickly and ed to ill develo PMents. The ‘i © On ace - They assembled at *Dar-un-Nadwa’ 20 s PG See Of the divine command, Prophet (PBUED left for Yasrib, “Remember Pa He home) a Plotted ates Gein bonenoeee get thee out oF . They plot and plan, and Allah too plans; but the best of planners is Allah.’ (8:30). Importance Makkah and Taif- disregarded and © Prophet (PBUH) had condemned, * The pledges set the f © The 7 lges set the foundation for the first Muslim community. . ee Were now having religious freedom. 7 es pledges still hold true for today, like the pledge to not kill se pledges led to the migration to Yasrib—end to persecutions. © Preachi oh pan Islam and following the religious practices were eas led up the status of the Prophet (PBUH) as the leader. ¢ C Migration to Yasrab J jeved very little success in Causes 8 @ Makkans were harsh and ill tempered whereas considerate. # Makkans persecuted the Mys|fMys whereas the peopi% protect them. «# There was no priest ojfss in Yasryb. Ragasier Preach Islam. Aus and Khazraj treaty looly © Jews were eager to receiv' ¢ Success of the migration toA} © Abu Tali—died and Abu Lahap%as now the chief of Banu Hashim (lost clan support) and . st clan support) an tity proton. « chit to Tait Banu Sagi ejected the message, © Ples me bAaitioh Events (PBUH) inigrated from Makkah to Madinah in the - 9d/622AD, after the second pledge of Agabah, © 13" year of and Khazraj alteady accepted Islam and pledged allegi allegiance to ¢ Prophet Prophetho * Considerable number of Aus jam by all mea as held an urgent meeting in couneil hall Dar un Nadwa and d lecided that one ‘an tribe will be selected to Kill the Pr he ° Jal were selected fr the task, ophet (PBUH). In this way 11 support Isl The Makkan man from each Ma 1 including Abu mely diteete >, sloth et the Prophet (PBUH) to migrate to Mi ‘Med against thee, to kee he Unbeliovers , thy homey, (8:30), ‘The belongings inal, P thee in bonds, or slay thee, oF ge im and plan, and Allah too plans; but the of planners is A\ Tophet (PBUH) therefore, ordered all Muslims in M: and set off for Madinah, Xcept Prophet (PBUH), Ali and Abu Bike had tet for Madi INS Were informed of this they tried to prevent the Prophet (PBUH) men who would besiege his house They plot kah to leave ther * Muslims ¢. Makk, eleven h, When the pe by sending * Prophet (PBUH) asked Hazrat Ali to sleep on his bed and to retuen the “ag ables entrustes to the Prophet (PBUH) by various people, * Accompanied by Abu Bakr, Prophet (PBUH) then left for Yasrib while rec of Surah Yasin, “And We ha further, We have e put a bar in front of them and a bar covered them up; so that they cannot sce."(36:9)\ hus divin messenger's movement went unnoticed to the Makkans, Oo * Abdullah bin Uraiqat was hired by Abu Bakr to act as « and provide camels for the joumey, * They travelled to an unfamiliar route ie. to south nthe ye stayed at cave of Saur for three days and nights. During this yw, Abdufiah bin ABtriyfkr would bring new of Quraish, while Asma bint Abu Bakust provided them with fresh milk. food and Amir bin Fubairs Bf Prophet (PBUH). They trial fo enquire Ali about the Prophet (PBUH) but in Wig/The Makkans therefore held ap emergency meeting and anyotyced the reward of [9 red camels for the person bringing the Prophet (PBUH) dearfor alt Many Makkgns‘men started their search and proceeds: hi & some them even reached Saur where the ts Abu Bakr narrated: | said to the Prophet (PBUH), when I was with him in the c: f one of them looks dows feet he will see us." He said, “What do you think, O Abu Bakr. of two the thitd « whom is Allah?” (Bukhari), 77 8 drove him out: he had no more than one companion e cave, and he said to his for Allah is with companion, "Have no fi ish party climbed up to the cave, and the foremost among thet Ww the cave entrance, His companions asked him, "Why havt You not gone into the cave? He answered, "lly entrance is covered with cobwebs, and thet is a pair of wild pigcons on the threshold, Obviously, no one could have gone in withou! disturbing the pigeons and destroying the cobwebs," ¢ When Abu Bakr and Prophet (PBUH) were convinced that their search has endedy the! descended, took their camels trom Abdullah (guide), and headed towards Yastib. es * Saraqa bin Malik, attempted to pursue him, but his horse's hoof sank into the ground tht times and threw him down, so he repented and returned to Makkah.28 ©The Prophet (PBUH) had now reached to Quba, where he constructed a mosque. AReerwards, he delivered his first ever Friday sermon at Banu Salim quarters. Ali joined them and they headed towards Madinah. i # In Madinah, the people greeted the Prophet (PBUH) enthusiastically. Young girls sang: “The full moon i ining on us from the valley OF ‘Wada'...” . * Everyone that he should stay with him, but the Prophet (PBUH) replied by camel that, “Let it go its own way. It is under orders”. The camel ; of Banu Malik Iba ¢ an-Najjar. There, later mosque of Prophet (PBUH) i.e. Masjid e Nabvi was built. When the mosque was being builig¥rophet (PBUH) Stayed at the house of Abu Ayub Ansari. Importance * Hijra proved to be an important tuming point for Islam and the Praphy Muslims were able to preach their religion freely. * Start of Hijra calendar was also marked (later instituted duri ‘ - * Prophet (PBUH) now introduced the Islamic Sharia i.e. indi munal conduct. * Brotherhood among Muslims “4 maf a * Prophet (PBUH) emerged as a head of state“ states! establish a state where Al imparted through mosque. shows that congregati gathering where -s Were sorted by cial, political when he was present in the mosque, ucation center where religious and worldly edueation may be obtained. education in the mosque, They used to diseu: their problems «So the primary focus was drawn on the construction of mosques to provide a common plate form to very Muslin to come, diseuss and learn, Significance of Saur js helps the chosen ones. Allah alway: ; «The cobwebs, pigcon nests and the branches made outside the eave shows that Alls only and protect the chosen people from evil. has the power to fightels p, stil * Decause of thic Pr PBUH) rea . sou this cave that Islay is vss M flourished as Tophet (PBU! Muslims leamt true y alue, a ‘alues of bond fi two in the nd from the cave and he s; “They w ere ft (0:40), Mendship of Abu Bakr and Prophet (PBUH) ai CC 'd (0 his companion have no fear for Ale, is with up Moral Lessons © Itillustrates one illustrates the Principle of sacrifice for t and e| the place of his faith, © Makkah having ho him. But nothi and kinsmen. * Virtues of Nobility (i.e. Al-Ameen), ordered Ali to retum belon; had planned to kill. the sake of one’s faith. * Worldly esta fi ate i ¥ SState and effects or any other thing that a man is disposed to val can never take ¢ of Allah, and birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH), loyaganti pred by od in the way of bidding farewell to their hearts s Q: a) Give an account of the hijra of the Prophy HA) fi fi ‘aff to Madina, {lo} - CF b) What is the significance of the Propfict: establisHing mosques as a first task after the Hijra? [4] ‘ om Makkah to Madi}gn the 12" year of Prophet (PBUH) NQqabah in 622 AD #rophet (PBUH) choose only Madinsh for migration because, a large nudyger of peop of Medina, from the tribes of Aus ani The Prophet (PBUH) migrate: Khazraj, had convert to Islam, allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) bore the burdensofpre’ 6) expressed their full willingness to support as well and to stand by, fo be the firm base upon which he would rely building the Islamic political, ¥gte gnd community. eting in council hall Dar un Nadwa. It was decided that on be will be selected to kill the Prophet (PBUH). This is because , which make his protection difficult, In this way 11 mea 0 feared the establishment of were selected for the task as they a Muslim state in Ydina which would counter their influence. Meanwhile, Wllah informed and directed the Prophet (PBUH) to migrate to Madina in thes words, “They plot and plan but Allah too plans, Allah is the best of Planners”, Allah a protect His Messenger otherwise Islamic teachings wouldn't have been completed. " Prophet (PBUH) therefore, ordered all Muslims in Makkah to leave their belongings and s off for Madina, where their religions protection wouldn't be at stake. . hen the Hence all Muslims except Prophet (PBUH), Ali & Abu Bakr had lett for Madina. When . JH) escap® Makkans were informed of this migration, they tried to prevent the Prophet (P! Bu a by sending eleven men who would besiege his house. The Prophet (PBUH) handed 0)30 one night as the Makkans valuab) : im, The Makkans men were waiting 0 tHe FT ver, llah’s protection “And We have Put a barrier bof ef they conn ete them, and a baer Behind them, 2 Makkans andthe Prot nesaielyte messenger’ residence 7 the Prophet (PBUH) after offering encirel 'o accompany him on the journey to Madina. ent unnoticed to the 5 movement Ws h went to Abu Bakr Jing the Ka’bal uA i.e. to Makka’s this stay would ee il the Prophet (PBUH) safety took him to an unfamiliar ro OE eee two stayed at cave of Saur for three days and nights. Du er Abu Bakr would bring news of Quraish, while Asma a ply them food and Amir bin Fuhaira provided them with fresh milky Meanwhile, the Makkans were shocked to find Ali instead of Proper HH). They tried Mans thertpife held an emergency meeting and announced the reward for the persombri e Sted to Makkans surrounding areas, while some of them ever 0 already had taken refuge. When Abu Bakr saw four men climb the cavé. fth fear. The Prophet (PBUH) replied, “O Abu Bakr! Why dg you fear for thé: &e companion is Allah”. Quran (9:40)”. But Allah ensuredthesg pigeon nest on the cavgs entrance: up to the cave, and the foremost among them entrance. His companions asked him, "Why have turned round as soon usJM answered, "Its entrance is covered with cobwebs, and there you not gone into the cave? of wild pigeons on thy H) was convinced that their search has ended, th led, they descended a foi Abdullah, a guide. Now they proceeded to M; sins and were es eS = Now fa e chas wea ved to move, The Prophet (PBUH) had now reached to Qua, vrhere he constructed MOS Afterwards, he delivered his first ever Friday s eee Ee The Prophet (PBUH) was joined by Ali at Quba and afer to ne y Ali a alter a long journey the} mm quarte! y reached madina. greeted the Prophet (PBUH) enthus but the Prophet (PBUH) replied by In Madina the people gre ically. Everyone was eager stay with him, Pointing towards his camel ‘tg own way. It is under orders”, The camel stopped at the home of Bam ajar, These, Tater save of Prophet (PBUH) ie, Masid ¢ N, of Banu that he should that, “Let it 8° k Ibn © an fasjid e Nabi was MaliX built. Whe ‘ it. When the mosque was being built, Prophet (PBUH) stayed at the house of Abu Ay sari, b) The Prophet (PBUH) took the first immediate decision of building the mosque ig Masjid ¢ Nabwi, It showed the main reason behind why Muslims migrated i.e. to achiey, Teligious freedom and worship Allah openly. The establishment of Masjid e Nabwi showeg the Prophet (PBUH)’s willingness to establish a state where Allah's commands could bg carried out and Islamic teachings be imparted through mosque. This also shows tha i prayer is a very important in the Muslim community. se is not only, Centre of worship but it is also a place of social gathering where Muslivw® can solve their social problems, Most of the social, political issues were sorted by the Pr worldly education may be obtained. Even the ladies used to get educat They used to discuss their problems with the Prophet (PBUH) diyse.! focus was drawn on the construction of mosques to provide a ‘Muslim to come. discuss and learn.Life in Madina 1AH Abu Ayub Ansari® one wanted Him to stay at his 7 ins of the camel loose Hans. Phe first two had great wins over their opponents, while the Last One got injured a later on became the first martyr of Badr, ‘This he: went for an attack, ¢ The Prophet (PBUH) took a handful of soil and threw it in the air towards the tees oe idolaters. This caused them to tremble and they tumed their backs, thereupon, Mts bs took them with great power, Allah says, pa eu threw not, [O Muhammad}, when . it was Allah who threw that...” (8: “in . Fae ‘he i Quraysh warriors including Abu Jahl, Umayya ibn Khalaf were killed int fed them up and the: war, 2 70 Qurayshite were taki brother Ageel. Prophet ( arity and kindness. Phe more eer ‘nto read and write and this teaching was to count tea asked 10 Poor were ‘ 1s (o emigrants, 8 hel *s uncle Abbas, Ali* en as prisoners including Prophet (PBUH)'S uncle Abb: a PBUL)'s son-in-law Abul Aas, Prisoners were treated with £ ¢ set five, Rests we’ rich prisoners paid ransom and were set free. Res fa as the ch ten persons cael ir OM. fee without rans mea pers) embrjced martyrdom in this battle. ¢ {4ofthe Muslitr36 @ Allah talks about this emphatic victory of Muslims over infidels in the Holy Quran as: mies which met — one fighting in the “Already there has been for you a sign in the two at cause of Allah and another of disbelievers. They saw them [to be] twice their [own] number by [their] eyesight...” (Quran, 3: 13] © Quran stated: “Allah had helped you at Badr, fear Allah, Thus May ye show your gratitude.” (3:123). Consequences # It demonstrated the great devotion of the disciples to their cause and their complete faith in the Prophet (PBUH) and his mission. Stood before them in the Meccan ranks were many of their close relatives, sons, fathers, or uncles. Yet the disciples never faltered. Personal feelings and sentiments were subordinated to the supreme cause. ‘ The battle also proved that mere numerical superiority is of no avail if the cause is not righteous. Allah helps those who make sacrifices in His cause. * This victory gave Muslims confidence in their physical power. They were soon recognized as a power to be reckoned with and smaller tribes were cautioned against joining forces when ye were a contemptible little force; then against them, * This victory dealt a severe blow to the prestige of Quraysh. A number of their chiefs. such as Abu Jahl, Utbah, Shaibah, and Umayyah ibn Khalaf had been killed and, consequently, Abu Sufyan became their undisputed chief: Abdullah bin Ubbay and his followers professed Islam, though in name only, and as munafiqun (hypocrites), they were always a source of danger. The Jews of Medina and its vicinity were alarmed at the new power that had emerged. Banu Qanuga expelled from Madina. 3AH Battle of Uhud Cause © After Badr, the rise of Madinah was a threat to the political & commercial interests of Quraysh. # Jews of Banu Nazir namely, Ka’ab bin Ashraf mourned and instigated Quraysh by writing poems. # Poets urged the people with their militant verses and provoked fanatical zeal. # Revenge of Badar was the main cause of Ohad, Events In 3AH, Abu Sufyan along with the coustal tribes raised an arm: numbered 3000. 700 armored soldiers, 200 cavalrymen & 3000 camels, ¥ : ¢ Women led by Hinda wife of Abu Sutyan took their place in the rear of the army, beating their drums and chanting poetry to morally boost the army, * ¢ Prophet (PBUH)’s own opinion was to fight within Madinah and Abdullah ibn Ubayy also agreed to this. However, alter consultation, majority . 'Y urged side the city. ‘ged Him to meet the enemy oul