Ses MO) TO] Ne) ECR e] NE De anne 1 Look at the photos and answer the questions. 1 What inventions or developments do the pictures show? 2 How do you think they can benefit people? 2 A Read the article. What does it tell us about the things shown in Exercise 1? What predictions does it make about translating machines and nano monitors? B Complete the summary of the article with words from the text. Use one word in each gap. The writer believes a machine will be able to’ __ our words into different languages. he thinks we'll use monitorsin our? _to check cur health, and 30 printers will make perfect” ___ of human organs lke the heart. We will entertain ourselves with virtual reality, as computers leam tointeract with the*__. The problems caused by*___ change will mean vertical farming becomes popular coi 1 Which ideas in the article do you like? Can you think of other uses for these inventions? 2 Which ideas don’t you like? Why not? 3. Which ideas do you agree will probably come true? uss with other students. Te) (3.2 ene et Communication Inthe near future, we may be able to communicate in any language we choose. A number of companies are working on translating machines that use the voice frequencies ofthe speaker. This makes it sound as though the user is speaking the foreign language. We already have translating machines, but they are slow and inaccurate and they sound like robots. In only a year or two this new machine, which will bbe a headset, could come onto the ‘market and allow us to speak every language under the sun, Health The future of health is going to be a tale of big and small. Tiny nano ‘monitors will be placed inside our bodies, and these will produce Big Data - enormous amounts of information - that allow us to check cour health and help us predict illnesses. Another big development probably wont be ready in the short term, butin the long tern there is hope that 3D printers will make copies of body parts such as hearts, livers and kidneys fit happens, this is lkely to save millions of lives Using 3D printers, we can already ‘make copies of plastic and metal objects. The nextstep is to copy living tissue. 3D printer Entertainment Full immersion virtual reality will be with us in perhaps ten to twenty years time. We will be able to plant tiny microchips in the brain, allowing a person to experience ‘games, movies, and virtua life as ifthey are real. As computers interact with the brain, we will have the sensation of touching, seeing, hearing, and smelling virtual objects in virtual worlds. Instead of just watching heroes in movies, signals to the brain will et us fee! ‘what our heroes feel, see what they see. Fortunately, if things get too terrifying. we wil be able to switch it off with the push of a button! Global problems In the next thirty years, climate change is going to seriously affect traditional farming. Floods and droughts wil disrupt farming patterns that have exsted for thousands of years. Because of this, cities will ave to start producing food, and vertical farming wil become common. Tower blocks pers wll have gardens built into ther. Each floor will ‘grow different plans, fits and vegetables, and the water will be recycled. Instead of stretching out for miles across the landscape, farmland wil now rise hundreds meters into the aiVOCABULARY FUTURE TIME MARKERS 3 A Read sentences 1-6 from the article in Exercise 2A and underline the time markers. 1 Inthe near future, we may be able to communicate in any language we choose. 2 In only a year or two the machine, which will be a headset, could come onto the market 3. Another big development probably won't be ready in the short term, 4... inthe long term there is hope that 30 printers will make copies of body parts .. 5 Full immersion virtual reality will be with us in perhaps ten to ‘twenty years' time, 6 In the next thirty years, climate change is going to seriously affect traditional farming. B Lookat the time markers again. Which of them mean soon? Which mean in along time? Which name a future date or period? Group them. C [33 stress in TIME MARKERS Listen to the underlined expressions in 3A, Which words in these expressions are stressed? Which words are the most important to the meaning of each expression? D Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions using both the time markers given. 1 Will you stil lve in the same place: ) in the near future? b) in ten years’ time? 2 What projects will you work on: a) in the short term? b) in the long term? 3. Will your working lfe/life as a student change: a) in the next five to ten years? b) in a year or two? TIN THE FUTURE (PREDICTIONS) 4 A Read the extracts from the article. Are the predictions certain, (© or possible (P)? 1 We may be able to communicate in any language we choose. P 2 Inonly a year or two, the headset could come onto the market. 3. Thisis likely to save millions of lives. 4 Climate change is going to seriously affect traditional farming. 5. Tower blocks and skyscrapers will have gardens B Look at the underlined words above. Complete the rules with will, could, to or be. 1 We use __will__+ infinitive without to to make predictions, about the future. 2 We use going to + infinitive without to to make predictions when there is present evidence, 3 We use may or + infinitive without to to say something is possible but not certain. 4 We use likely + infinitive with to say something will probably happen. sana [> page 132 LANGUAGEBANK 5 A Circle the correct alternative to complete the text. Dr Michio Kaku is a physicist, who makes TV programmes about the future. He believes ‘we twill be design/will design rnew worlds that look tike our ‘own, and that virtual reality Is *become/going to become more like our reality. In one programme, Kaku jumps into a remote controlled car, and tells us the car isso intelligent that the words ‘traffic jam’ and ‘traffic accident’ °are going to diappear/going to disappear from the language. He also says that in a few years’ time microchips will be so cheap they ‘are could be built/could be built into every product we buy - our walls, our furniture, even our clothes. And they “lkely/are likely to be so small we ‘won't know/won't to know they exist. Kaku also believes our sunglasses “may become/may becoming our future home entertainment centre, He then does a virtual dance using 3-D technology (his dance partner is hundreds of miles away) and explains that one day in the near future, 3-D technology "is could replace/could replace the telephone and "reduce might/might reduce air travel. Finally, he investigates robots and concludes that, in the long term, some of our closest friends "might ‘not be/might be not people, B Discuss. Which predictions, if they come true, will be good/bad for the world? Why? SPEAKING 6 A Look at the pictures about the world in 2040. What information did you already know? Is there anything you find surprising or unlikely? B Imagine you are a ‘futurist’ and it's your job to predict the future. Think about the topics in the box. What. changes do you think will happen in these areas by 2040? Make some notes. communication technology food work habits cities the environment C Work in pairs and discuss your ideas. Communication: think we will probably have video conference calls with people's holograms. There probably won't bersa 5 4 Bs & FS 5 Ee) $s ES w z iS VOCABULARY IDIOMS. ? A Read comments 1-4, Which of the topics in the images are they referring to? 1 ‘Ilike that statistic. | teach reading, so it's an issue that’s close to my heart’ 2 ‘IF that statistic is correct, then coastal countries like mine are running out of time’ 3 "This hits the nail on the head: we will eradicate old illnesses, but new ones will develop: 4 ‘Let's face it: the world will be completely overcrowded. B Read the definition of an idiom and underline the idioms in sentences 1 Tediom /1diam/ [C]a gyoup of werds that havea spacial meaning when they ‘3 used together ‘On top ofthe word san idiom meaning, very happy C Look at the underlined idioms in Exercise 7A and decide if these statements about idioms are true (T) or false (F)? 1 Idioms are usually formal, 2. You cannot usually change the order of words in an idiom, 3. You can sometimes change the verb tense and the subject of an idiom. ‘4 You can usually guess the meaning from one word in the idiom, D Work in pairs and compare your answers. Then turn to page 159 to check your answers. speakout TIP ‘Write new idioms in a special place in your vocabulary notebook. Record them in context and add your own examples. Do this for the idioms in Exercises 7 and 8A. Then try them out. Make sure it’s the right situation and you use the exact words. 8 Work in pairs. Look at the idioms ‘organised by topic. What do the underlined idioms mean? Problems 1 We forgot to pay our taxes. Now we're in hot water. 2 I said the wrong thing again. | always put my foot in it Time 3. We're working against the clock, We have two hours to finish the project. 4m sure we can win this match but we're running out of time. 9 Look at the idioms organised by ey words. Match idioms 1-6 with meanings a)-f) Body parts 1 Keep an eye on him. b 2 Canyou give me a hand? Food and drink 3 It’s not my cup of tea 4 Itwas a piece of cake. Animals 5 You'e a dark horse! 6 Iwant to get out of the rat race. a) Idon’t like it b) watch 9) help me 4) the competitive world of work €) you have a lot of secrets, f) easy 10 A Find and correct the mistakes. There is a mistake in each sentence, 1. When was the last time you gave someone the hand? 2 Which student do you think is a horse dark? 3 When's the last time you put your feet init? ‘4 Which issues are close by your heart? 5. Do you often have to work against the clocks? 6 When were you last in warm water? B Write an answer to each question. Then compare your answers, [>page 150 VOCABULARYBANK