Scribd
Upload
98 views30 pages

Introduction To Computer Networks

This document provides an introduction to computer networks, focusing on Ethernet and IPV4 addressing. It discusses how Ethernet is the most widely used wired LAN technology, operating at the data link and physical layers. It also describes the evolution of Ethernet standards and frame formats. The document then explains IPV4 addressing, including the binary and dotted decimal notation systems and how addresses are converted between the two formats.

Uploaded by

Anamithra K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
98 views30 pages

Introduction To Computer Networks

This document provides an introduction to computer networks, focusing on Ethernet and IPV4 addressing. It discusses how Ethernet is the most widely used wired LAN technology, operating at the data link and physical layers. It also describes the evolution of Ethernet standards and frame formats. The document then explains IPV4 addressing, including the binary and dotted decimal notation systems and how addresses are converted between the two formats.

Uploaded by

Anamithra K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Computer Networks CS301

Introduction to Computer
Module 2 Networks

Dr. Sunandita Debnath, IIIT Vadodara


Ethernet
➢ Ethernet is the most widely used wired LAN technologies.

➢ Ethernet protocol operates in data link layer and physical layer.

➢ Ethernet is in the family of networking technologies that are IEEE 802.2 and 802.3.

➢ Supports data bandwidth of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps, 40, 000 Mbps and 1 Gbps.

➢ In this protocol only the required frame is retransmitted and not the entire window.

➢ Ethernet standards define Layer 2 protocol and Layer 1 technologies.

➢ Ethernet operates in two separate sublayer of data link layer logical link layer and MAC
sublayer.
Evolution of Ethernet

Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet Ten-Gigabit


Standard Ethernet Fast Ethernet Ethernet
Speed upto 10 Speed upto 100 Speed upto 1 Speed upto 10
Mbps Mbps Gbps Gbps
Ethernet Frame Format
➢ Preamble: 56 bits of alternating ‘1’s and ‘0’s. It is needed for synchronization purpose.
➢ SDF (Start Frame Delimiter): Flag 10101011. This also needed for synchronization
purpose. The last two bits of the Flag indicates the next field of the Ethernet frame is the
destination address.
➢ Padding is required to make the received data from the upper layer (i.e network layer) a
fixed size length.
Minimum and Maximum Length of the Ethernet Frame

Payload from the network layer


Min payload = 46 bytes
Max. payload =1500 bytes

Min size of the Ethernet frame = 64bytes


Max. size of the Ethernet frame =1518bytes
Ethernet Address

Example: 06:01:02:01:2C:4B

➢ The least significant bit of the first byte defines the type of the address
➢ Last bit 0 defines Unicast, otherwise multicast
➢ If all bits in the frame is ‘1’ then this is Broadcast.
IPV4 Address
➢ IPV4 addresses are 32 bits long that uniquely and universally defines the
connection of a device on the internet.
➢ IPV6 addresses are 128 bits long.
➢ Two devices on the internet can never have the same addresses at the same
time.
➢ The addresses range of IPV4 addresses are 232 i.e. more than 4 billions
➢ But we have more devices, the NAT (network address translation) technology
will resolve this.
IPV4 Address
➢ IPV4 addresses have two notations
❑ Binary notations.
❑ Dotted Decimal notations.

Binary notations: 01110101 10010101 00011101 00000010


Dotted Decimal notations: 117.149.29.2

➢ IPV4 addresses consist of four octets each octet consists of 8 binary bits.
➢ Each octet ranges from 0 to 28 − 1 = 255
IPV4 Address Conversion
❑ Binary to Dotted Decimal conversion
❑ Dotted Decimal to Binary Conversion

𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟎

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

You might also like