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 MILITARY. BOOKS

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S.W. 1.) __ •
Abyssinia. Expedition to. 2 vols. and maps. 1870. Halt Morocco,
£6 5s. Cloth, £1 4s.
Accounts. Army. See Fuutrcnr. Instbuctxoks. - -
‘Afrioa. Continent of. Geology of. Notea on. 1806. 3s. (2s. 4ci.)
Aircraft with Artillery. Co-operation of. 1920. is. (10<7.)
Allotments of Pay. See Separation Allowance.
Allowances. Army. Regulations. 1914. (Reprinted 1918.) Vi. (Vi.)
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Amharic .Language. Short Manual of the. With Vocabulary.
1909. 5s. (8a. <Sd.) -
Ammunition for G.F. 4'6-inoh Howitzer. Notea on the. 4th edition,
1920. (With Diagrams.) la. (I0d.)
Animal Management. 1908. (Reprinted 1918.) 2a. (Is. 9cf.)
Animal Management, &o. 1910. Catechism ot, let. (W.)
See also Houses.
Arabic Grammar. Two parts. (Sold to Officers only.) 1887. , 10a. (tOa. 0rt.)
Armourers, instructions for:— ,
Care, repair, browning, &c., of Small Arms, Machine Guns, “Parapet
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 MILITAHV BOOKS, publistiedby Authority—-continued.
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Army List. The Monthly. Officers on the Active List. {Publication was
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Quarterly.Supplement. Officers Retired from the .Active List; Victoria/
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Army XilBt* The Quarterly (not issued in October 1914), Jan., April, July,
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, Do. TheQuartcrly. Jan. 1920. Part2, WarServicesofOfflcersof the
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Do.. The Monthly. 6s.
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Army Review. Quarterly. July 1911 to October 1914. (Vol* /., Kos. 1 and2,
outofprint.) Is, , (Up to July 1914, Is, j Oct. 1914, llrf.)
{Subsequent publication suspended)
Army Service Corps. See Sriwicr.
Artificers. Military. Ilnudhook. lOtli edition. 1916. 9rf. (9rf.)
Artillery at the Picardy Manoeuvres in 1910, Translated from the
French. 2s. 0rf. (2s.) . : *
Artillery. Royal '
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Standing Orders for Lieutenant-Colonel's Command, It.G.A.
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Training—
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Field. 1914. (UepHnted 1018.) Is. (Is.).
Do. Examples of Hanging. To supplement those given in See. 227.
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Artillery College. Heports upon the 14th to 18th Senior Classes. (Gut
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’ Handbook of. 1914. Is.-OH. (H. 4rf.)
' Do. Amendments. Id. (lrf.) - ■:
Do. Addendum to. 2d. (2d.)
, i Do. Appendix, Dec. 1915 (Periscopes, Ac.); and Amendments
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Artillery Museum in the Rotunda, Woolwich. Official Catalogue. 1908.
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1802 to 1003. Byelaws under
Aldeburgh, 1890 ; Ash (Aldershot Camp), 1887 ; Fhiborough, 19ol;
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Millbrook, 1888 ; Orchard Portmnu, 1890 ; Scarborough, 1902 {'Scraps
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Purfleet, 1011. 1«. (0rf.) '
Salisbury Plain; 1900. 4a. (4rf.) ^ ; ' ' ■ , ‘
■ O) ' -
 MILITAlt T HOOKS, pMi.hei ty Autl>ority~continued.'
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Artillery Store Accoants and the Care and Preservation of
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■ Assistance of Officers and Men and their Dependants, funds,
Associations, Societies, &c., for the. lift'd. 2d. (2d.)
Austria. Campaign of 1808 Against. MoltkeV Correspondence
during. .Precis. Sec Uijimanv, . . .
Barracks. Care of. Instruction in. 1901. 9<f, (7tf.)
Bash forth Chronograph. Experiments with, to determine the resistance
of the air to the motion of projectiles. Keporton. 1870. is. {2d.) .
Bermuda Militia Artillery. lleguktlons. 1911. 9rf. (7d.)
Bicycles. Military, liamlhook on. 1911. (lieprinted, with Amendments,
1914). lieprinted 1910. lrf. ilrf.l -
B.L. 8-inch 28-cwt. Mark X Howitzer, on Mark I Travelling Carriage
(Land Service). 1919. .'is. (2a, id.) ' •
Bounty to Soldiers. See Field Allowance.
British Minor Expeditions, 1748 to 1814, 1S81. 2s. (id. (la. lid.)
Cadet Units. }‘Ste Tmuuiorial Force.
Cape of Giood Hope Reconnaissance Survey, 1003-1811, Iieport
oti the. jyi4. lu. flrf, (Is. 1 d.)
Casualty Lists, Weekly, War Offloe and Air Ministry. No. 1,
Aug. 7, 1917, to No. 83, March 4,1919. Each U. (3U.)
Cavalry. Technical Operations; Cavalry tn an Army? Cavalry In Battle.
Translated from the French of Captain Loir, XX Army Corps Staff. With
a Preface by General Langlois. With Maps, 3s. 0</. (2s. 9d.)
Cavalry of the Lino. Peace Organization of the ; ami Arrangements
for Mobilization consequent on the establishment of Cavalrf Depdta.
(Special A.O., July 19, 1909). Id. {Id.)
Cavalry Training*. 1912. (Reprinted, with Amendments, 1915). U. (llcf.)
See also Italian Cavalhy.
« Ceremonial. 1912. {lieprinted 1919.) Of/. (Orf.) "
Do. rrovislonal Amendments, June, 1914. (IFRA Plates and Key.)
{lt>-.printed 1919). 2d. (3rf.) • ’
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Ohiropddy. Manual of. 2d. {2d.) . ■
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of. 1920, Provisional. U. (lOd.)
< Do. Amendments, Jan., April, Aug., Nov. 1910; Feb., April, Dec.
, • 1917 ; March, Nov* 1918 ; Jan., Nov. 1919; Jan. 1920. Kach Id.
- ’ (kO . ' -.
Clothing Regulations:—
Parti. Regular Forces (excluding tho Special Reserve). 19H. 6i, (flrf.)
Part II. Special Reserve. 1014, 3d. {3d.)
Colchester Garrison. Standing Orders. 1913. 9d. (7</.)
Commands, Military, and Staff in the United Kingdom. Reorgahb
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 'MILITARY- BOOKS,published by Authority—cou^tniiml.
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Company Training:- Notes on. For tiie use of tho Bpeclat Iteaerve; terri­
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Id. (Id.)
Constitution. Tho German. (Edition without Notes.) 1920. (id. (W.)
Cooking and Dietary. Military. Manual of. Illustrated. 1B1R. fld. (fld.)
Co-ordination of Voluntary Effort resulting from the formation of the
• 1Ui.V.O. Department. A National Scheme ot:—
Appendices 111 and 1V,—A Detailed llecord of the Work of the Becognlzod
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' (Appendices I. and //., u:\th the Report of the Director-General teas'published -
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Part l. For the Guidance Of Staff, Regimental, and Departmental Officers
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Crews of War Department Vessels and Boats at Home
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= 1911. 2d. {2d.) ' ■
dyclist Training*. 1917.rProvisional. 6d.- (5d.)j Amendments, Aug. 1918.
Id. {Id.) '
Demobilization, Army. Regulations-.— •
Part I. With Diagram showing Method of Dispersal; and Map of Dispersal
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Part XI. With Plan of Hutment Lines, showing suggested Appropriation
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Part III
Do. Chap. XXIV. Labour Units. 2d. (2d.) /
Do. Chap. XXV. Part I. Dispersal of Oificers of tho Army Chap* 1
- Iain’s Department. Id. (iff.) , ,
Do. Chap. XXy, Part II. Ordhnncc Services. 2d. (2d.) . .
Do. Chap. XXVI. Q.M.A.A.C, 2d. (2d.)
Do. Chap. XXVII. Animats. 3d. (3d.)
Do. .'Chap. XXXII. The Volunteer Force. 2d. (2d.)
Do.’ Chap. XXXIII. British West. Indies Contingents. " 2d. (2d.) ,
Addenda to Chap. V. Special Registration. Id. (Id.)
Amendments s—
To Parts I and II. Id. (Id.)
Nos. 3 to 25., Each Id. (Id.)
Despatches, Military. .Sec Waw of 1914-18.
Disabled and Discharged Soldiers in France, The Treatment and
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Drainage Manual. For the use of RoyAl Engineer Officers, and other
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^ ■ .* ' '' ; ‘ (6) / • - ■ * :: 1
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 MILITARY BOOKS, published by Authority—continued.
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Drawing Blates. Military• \
Attack of Dufors Countermines or 2nd plAte of Mlues; Carnot's First
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A. B, 0, Ac. *, Detail Plate, No. I * Do. No. 2 ? Neighbourhood of Wool*
wioh *, Village and Surrounding Ground, Each'2d. (2d.)
Attack of Fortress—Preliminary Operations t Do..Distant Attack} Do,,
Close Attack ; Neighbourhood of Metz. ICach 3a. (3d.)
, Neighbourhood of Woolwich. Southern Side. . Is. 0d. (Is. Id.)
Woods and Villages. Six plates, Kach 0d. (5d.)
Drill Book. B-.A.S.G. (Issued with A.O. for Oct. 192(h) 2d. (3ti.)
Dynanlics. Notes on. See ORtwA-Ncis Collkok.
Education, Conference, Imperial. Convened, June 11 aud 12, 1019,
by the Chief of theTniperial General Staff. 6d. (Od,), -
Educational Training. Parti. General Principles. ' (In the press)
Egypt/- British Force in. Standing Orders, 1912, is. (10a.)
Egypt. Campaign of 1882 in. Military History. With Case of Maps.
Condensed Edition. 1908. 3*. Od. (2s. gd.)
Egyptian Expeditionary Force. A brief record of the Advance of the.-
July; 1917. to Oct., 1918. 4s. (4s. «tf.) . / *'.■
Electrical* Communicationa. Fixed. Instructions ad to. 1912. (Re­
printed, with Amemlmentbj 1910). 4d. (id.)
Electricity. Notes on. 1920. 3s. (2* 3d.)
Electrio Light Apparatus. Defence. Instructions for the working of.
, > 1915. Id. (Id.) .... •
Electrio Lighting." Military:— ' \
, Yol. t. 1909. (Reprinted, 1915.) . Is... (10d.). \ ' ,
Yol, 2. 1909.(Reprinted, with Amendments, 1915.) Is. 0d. (Is. 2d.) , '
Yol. 3. (Revised edition in preparation.)
/Electric Lighting and Bower Work of the German Army. Notes oa.
1920. Is. (id. (Ik. 2d.)
Encounter. The Battle of. By Hans von Klesling. Parti. 'Practical.
Translated. Is. fld. (Is. 3d.)
Energy Expenditure of the Infantry Recruit, in Training. The. 1920.
3s. (2#.2ffr . ‘
Engineer Services Regulations. Peace t—
Part I. 1910. (Reprinted, with Amendments published up to May 1,1915)
1*. (lid.)
Part II. 1911. Technical Treatises. (Reprinted, with Amendments to
.. ’ May l, 1915). 9d. (M.)
Engineer Training. 1912. (Reprinted, with Amendment*, 1914).l0d. (0d.)
Engineering. Field. Manual of. 1911. 9d, (9d.) . /
Engineering. Military: —
Parti. Field Defences. 1908. D. 8tf» (lr. 3d.)
Part II. Attack and Defence of Fortresses, 1910. 9d. (8<Z,)
Part Ilia. Military Bridging—General Principles and'Materials. 1013,
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. PartHIft. Do.—Bridges. 1914, (lieprinUd 1918.) 2s. (U. 8d.)
Part IY. ; Mining and Demolitions. 1910. (Reprinted, 1915, with Amend-
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■TartV, Miscellaneous. 1914. Is. (lid,) r
Part VI, Military Railways. 1898, (Out of pritti)
 MlLITAll X BOORS, published by Authority*-continued.'
(As to prioes in braokBts, see top of page 2.)
Entrance. Army. .Regulations:— .
R.M. Academy. Admission to, and for First Appointments therefrom,
to the Koyal Artillery and Hnyal Kiighieers. 1920. 2d, {2d.) '
\ R.M. College. Admission to, and for First Appointments therefrom to ;
.' tlie Hegular Army- 1020. 3d, (3d.) ' * -■
military Forces of the Self-governing: Dominions find Crown
"“Colonies. OlHcers of the. 1012. Id. (Id.) ■ • *- •
Militia and imperial Yeomanry, Kegulations under which Commis­
sions in theRegular Forces may be obtained bvOfflcers of. 1907. Id, (Id.)
Royal Army Veterinary Corps. Kegulations ior Admission to the.
Id. (id.)
Special Reserve of Officers, Malta Militia,Bermuda MilitiA,
Channel Islands Militia, and Territorial Force. Ollicera of
the. 1920. hi. (id.) ' . . " .
University Candidates. 1920. Id. (Id.) „
Warrant Officers and N.C.Os.of the Regular Army. Com­
batant Commissions as Second Lieutenants. (6Tnder revition.)
See also Mkdicai, Coups.
Equipment. Infantry. Fat-Urn uwsWeh. ^ 2d; (2d.) •
See also Valisk EqpiPMGMT. , . .
Equipment Regulations : —
Parti. 1912. (Reprinted with Amendments published in Army Orders up
to Aug, m, 1914). U. (lid.)
Fart 2. Details—' . .
Sect. Sect.
I. Infantry (Regular Army). 19t3. Xb. Field Troop (Hegular Army)
(Reprinted, with Amend- 1912. 2d. (2d.)
'■ ments published In Army Xd. Divisional Signal Company
Orders up to Dec, 31, 1915). (Regular Army). 19U, 2d.
6d. (5d.) ' * ' (2d.)
Ja. Mounted Infantry. 1912. 6d. Xk. Signal Company' (Wireless)
, (5d.) - f (Regular Army). 1912, 2d.
II. Cavalry (Hegular Army). 1914. (2d.)
3d. (3d.) X/. Headquarters Signal Units
III. Army Service Corps (Hegular, (Hegular Army), 1914, Sti.
. Army).. 1913. (Hoprlnted, ■ ' (2d.)
with Amendments published Xff. Signal Company (Cable)
in Army Orders uptoDcc.31, (Hegular Army). 1912, 2d.
^ 1915). 6d. (fld.) (2d.) • - ,•
V. Royal. Army Medical Corps XA. Signal Squadron (Hegular
v . (Hegular Army). 1914.2d. (2d.) Army). 1914. 2d, (2d.)
FI.-1X. K.M. Academy; R.M. Signal Troop with Cavalry ,
. ,and Staff Colleges; Garrison IirigAde (Hegular Army).
't ’• Staff and Schools of Instruc- 1912, 2d. (2d.)
. > Won; Military Prisons, l)e* Xk. Signal Troop with a Cavalry ,
tention Barracks, and Mill* Brigade not allotted to a
tary Provost Staff Corps. Cavalry Division (Hegular
(Hegular Army.) 1914. 2d. Army). 1914. 2d. (2a.)
(2d.) -: ' XL Signal Company (South Africa) .
Knglneer. General. Fortress, • (Hegular Atrny). 1912. 2<t
Survey, Hallway, and Depdt * (2dJ v;
• *Uults. Peace andVVar. (Hegu­ Xm, Bridging Train. (Hegular
lar Army.) 1914. - 2d. (2d,). ■Army). 3912. 2d. "■{$£). /
. r; . ■ \<7)
 MiUTAHV BOOKS, published by Authority—continued.
(Ae to prices, in. brackets, see top of page 2,)
Equipment Regulations—continutd.
Part 2. Details—confuiuerf.
D“Cl/t Beet.
Xn. Field Squadron (llegular Ammunition Column. Mule ;
Army), 19)4. 2rf. (2rf.) Transport. (Kegular Army.)
Xlc*, Horse Artillery. Q.F. 13-pr, 1914. Provisional. 0rf» (6rf.)
(Kegular Army.) 1913, Vrf, XIIu. lloyal Garrison Artillery
(8d.) (Kegular Army), 1914.'2s. tkz,
XIb. Field Artillery, Q.F. 18-pr. (Is. llrf.)
(Kegular Array.) 1914, 9rf. XII6. Koyal Garrison Artillery
(8rf.) Siege Artillery, Movable
Xlc. Field Artillery. Q.F. 4*5du. Armament, and Machine
Howitzer. (Regular Army.) Guns in Armaments. 1913.
1913. (Keprlnted, with Is. (tOd.)
Amendments up to Aug. 1, XV. Camel Corps School, Egypt
1914). 9rf. (8rf.) (Kegular xVrmy). 1914. 2d.
Xlrf. lteserve Brigades with Q.F. (2d.)
18-pr, Equipment, Horse and XVI. Special Keserve. 1913. Ad.
. Field Artillery, Staff and (Ad.)
• Depots, Hiding Establish­ XVII. Ofllcers Training Corps.
ment, School of Gunnery 1020. Id. (Id.)
(Horse and Field), and Practice Batteries and Drill Guns
Mounted Baud (Kegular (Fixed Mountings) of the
Army) 1914, 6rf. (0«.) ltoyal Garrison Artillery.
Xlc. Mountain Artillery with (Part 2, Sects. Xlla and
B.E. 2‘76-lncli Equipment. XVI, and Part 3.) 1909.
Mountain Battery and Is. 6rf. (Is. 2d.)
Part 3. Territorial Force. 1914. 6d. (0rf.},
I)o. Details s—
Sec. IX.. Artillery. 1912. (Out of print)
Do. Amendments,April 1912} Feb. 1014. > Each Id. (la.) .
Sec. X. Engineer. 1912. 3rf. (3rf.)
' Amendments to Part 1. Feb. 1916. April and Sept. 1919. Each Id. (Id.) ...
Amendments to Part 2. Feb., July (two issues), Aug. 1914. Each lrf. (1rf.)
Amendments to Parts 1, 2 and 3. Nov. 1913. lrf. (lrf.)
Amendments to Parts 1. 2 and 3. Maroh, July 1913; April, Aug. 1914 ;
Sept. 1920. Each 2d. (2d.)
• Amendments to Parts 1, i and .3. Sept. 1920. 2d. (2d.)
Amendments to Part 2, Sec, XVII. (Olliccrs Training Corps). Feb. 1920.’ •
Id. (lrf.) • ^
European War, 1914-18. (See War, 1014-18.)
Examination Papers (all published papers of which the dates are omitted
Breoutofptint)} —
, Qualifying,Certificates. Sept. 1906 ; March 1906 ; Sept, 1909 ; March,
Sept. 1910 ; March, Sept. 1911; March 1912. Each 6rf, (5rf.)
Entrance: H.M, Academy; U.M. College; Indiau Army College,
Wellington. Supplementary First Appointments In the Koyal Marines.
» "Appointments In the Indian Police Force. Appointments In the
Police Force of Ceylon. Cadetships in the Koyal Navy (Special Entry),
Juno-July 1915. Is. (llrf.)
Entrance: H.M, Academy; K.M. College; Indian Army College,
Wellington. Nov.-Dee. 1916, Is. (lOrf.)
 MILITARY BOOK'S, publuhed by Authority—continued.
(As to prices in braokets, see top of page 2.)
’ Examination Papers—continued*
Entrance: K.M. Academy \ U.M, College} Indian Army College,
Wellington. Supplementary First Appointment* In the Koyal Marines.
Cadetships In the itoyal Navy (Special Kntry). June-July 1916. 1«. (If.)
Do. Juno 1919. la. (3d. (1*. 4d.)
Entrance: K.M.Academy; K.M. College: Indian Array College, Quetta.
Cadetships In the Itoyal Navy (Special Entry), March 1018. (id. (6d.)
Entrance: K.M. Academy * 3t.M. College i Itoyal Air Force.. Nov. 1919.
2f. (If. Id.)
Entrance: It.M Academy; K.M. College; Koval Air Force;'Supple­
mentary First Appointments In the Koyal Marines. Cadetships In the
Koyal Navy (Special Entry). \ June 1020. 2s. (Is. Sd.)
Freehand Drawing' at the'Army Entrance Examination of Nov. 1913.
Specimen Paper to illustrate the kind of questions that will be set iu..
fld. (5d.) ’! .
R.M. Academy, Fourth Class; R.M. College* Fourth, Third, and
Second Divisions. July, Dec. 1904 ; June 1005. Each if.
R.M. Academy, Fourth Class; R.M. College, Senior Division.
Dec. 1905 ; June, Dec. 1900 ; July, Deo. 1907. Each If.
\ Staff College. Admission. July 1911; June-July 1913; June-July
1913. Each 1.?. (fid.) -
Militia, Imperial Yeomanry, and University Candidates.
Oct. 1900. if. ,
Special Reserve, Militia, Territorial Force, and University
Candidates. Oct, 1911; March, Oct. 1912; March, Oct. 1913.
Each If. ((id.) . . x
* Officers Training Corps :—
Cadets of the Senior Division* Certificate A. Dee. 1908. 8d. (5d.)
Cadets of the Junior and Senior Divisions. Certificates A
and 13. Spring of !9u9; May, Nov. 1911; March, Nov. 1912; March.
• 1914. Each fid. (m.) . - ‘
Foreign Languages. Modern. June 1919. u. (ltd.)
Do. Jan. 1920. 3f. (2a. 2d.)
Do. June 1920. 2s. (If. 7d.)
Family Allowance. *
See also Separation Allowance. , '
Field Allowance to the Commander of an Army and to the Commander of
an Army Corps or Group of Divisions; Promotion of Lieutenants
of the Army Veterinary Corps. Special llcserve, and Territorial Force;
Bounty to Soldiers. Special Army Order, June 20,1910. Id. (id,)
Field Service Manuals
Ammunition Column. Divisional. New Armies, 1915. 3d. (3d.)
Artillery. Heavy. (D.L. 60-pr.) Battery and Ammunition Column
. ' Expeditionary Force. 1916. 3d. (3d.)
Artillery. Horse. Brigade. 13-pr. Q.F. 1908. 3d. (3d.)
Cavalry Regiment# Expeditionary Force. 1918. 3d. (3d.)
Engineers. Bridging Train* Expeditionary Force. 1915. 3d. (3d;)
Do. Field Company. Expeditionary Force. 1915. 3d. (3d.)
v Do. Field Squadron. Expeditionary Force. 1914. 3d. (3d.)
Do. Works Company. Expeditionary Force. 1910. 3d. (3d.)
. , Headquarters Units. Expeditionary Force. 1911. 3d. (3d.)
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(12) '
 7724 Vi
GUN f Sv
fob

3’7-inch Q.F. Howitzer, Mark I,

CARRIAGE, MARK I.

ISSUED BY THE GENERAL STAFF.

To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from

n.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addreuest
Imperial house, kings way. London, w.c. 2, and as, Abingdon street, London, 8,w. it
37, T«TKR BTRKET, MaNCHB^TBU | 1. ST. ANDREW'S ORESCENT, CARDIFF;
28, Forth street, Edinburgh j
. or from E. P0N80NBY, Ltd., lie, Grafton street, Dublin.

1921.

Price One Shilling Net.

 2

CONTENTS

PAGE
Genera] Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter I.—General Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
,, II.—Gun Drill. . . . . . . . . '.. . . . 17
' „ III.—Laying and Fuze Setting Tests. . . . . 51
„ IV.—Sight Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
„ V.—Care of Equipment ... ... ... 62
Appendix—Carriage of Stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
 3

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.

Practical instruction in the equipment should be given

to each recruit before any attempt is made to instruct him
in gun drill. This instruction should take the form of
demonstrations dealing with the work of each number in
the detachment; and all men under instruction should, in
turn, carry out the work of each particular number.
Instruction in gun drill should begin as soon as they are
conversant with all parts of the equipment, and can handle
in the best and quickest manner each of the working parts
of the gun. Once the work of each number has been
thoroughly mastered, it should not take long for the recruit
to learn the actual drill.
It is most important that a marked distinction should be
drawn between instruction and drill.
During the former the language used should be as simple
ns possible, and the meaning of all technical terms' which
are necessary must be carefully explained. A conversational
tone should be adopted, and under no circumstances what­
ever should anything in the nature of long quotations from
drill books be allowed. The men should be permitted to
assume an easy attitude, and their interest should not be
allowed to flag. They should be encouraged to ask questions.
At drill, on the contrary, rigid discipline must be main­
tained, orders must be clear and decisive, and the detach­
ments made to work steadily, smartly and rapidly. At the
U.'ni (B1&S78I) Wt. SOWS—81« 2iM 3/21 H&SUd Op. D 32
 4

same time the utmost accuracy is essential, and any

deviations from the methods laid down must at once be
checked
Nomenclature of loads.
The gun and carriage are divided into eight loads, which
are called by the following names:—

LOAD. DRILL BOOK NAME.

Wheel and axle Wheel and axle.
Trail, front part Carriage.
Pivot Pivot.
Recoil cradle Cradle.
Slipper Slipper.
Trail, rear part Trail.
Gun chase ... Chase.
Gun breech... Breech.
 5

CHAPTER I.—GENERAL DUTIES.

This chapter summarises the duties of each individual

number in the detachment. It is only intended as a guide
for the Instructor, -who should use his own words in explaining
the various duties to the men.
The detachment is composed of five working numbers
and four reserve numbers. The service of the gun is divided
between the working numbers as follows:—
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . in command.
2 ... ... ... ... the breech.
3 ... ... ... ... the sights.
4 ... ... ... ... the loading.
5 . . . . . . . . . ... the ammunition.
The duties of each individual number are as follows:—

No. 1.
1. He COMMANDS and is responsible for the entire
servico of his gun.
2. lie gives the WORDS OP COMMAND detailed for
him in chapter II, and repeats all ORDERS affecting his
detachment which have not been heard by the numbers
concerned. His orders must be given clearly, but no louder
than is necessary to enable his detachment to hear.
He assists in passing orders down the battery when
necessary.
He acknowledges orders by saluting. Ho must salute
correctly, and face so that his salute can bo clearly seen.
 6

3. Ho is responsible:—
(i) That the BUFFER is properly filled, that there is no
leakage at the stuffing box, that the cradle lock
(nut securing howitzer) is locked, and that the
piston rod is firmly nutted up to the front cradle
cap.
(ii) That the RECUPERATOR is correctly charged
with liquid and air, that there is no leakage at the
stuffing box or rear end of the liquid cylinder,
and that the ram is nutted up to the front cradle
cap.
J[iii) That the ACTUATING GEAR of the piston rod is
properly assembled.
(iv) That the PROTRUSION of the STRIKER is correct.
(v) That tho SIGHTS are tested. This is done under
the supervision of the section commander.
4. He selects tho GUN PLATFORM, which should be on
firm and level ground. If this cannot be found and time
permits, tho higher wheel is dug in.
6. On COMING INTO ACTION (“PACK”) he assists 2
to unload and fix the axle, 3 to key up the axletree clips,
and 2 and 3 to mount the pivot and to unload and mount
the breech ; he is responsible for the cradle lock, firing lever
and breech lifter.
6. On COMING INTO ACTION (“ DRAUGHT") he
removes the shafts and draught bar, and unloads the aiming
posts and handspikes.
7. As soon as the gun is in action he ascertains the lowest
elevation at which the trajectory will CLEAR THE CREST.
Ho reports this elevation to the section commander.
8. He selects the auxiliary aiming point and records tho
 7

ZERO LINE angles from the auxiliary aiming point and

battery picket.
9. Before the gun is laid on a NEW TARGET, if it is
'necessary to move the trails, he gauges the line of fire and
directs the gun into the line, assisted by 4.
10. (i) He applies the GUN CORRECTION and POSI­
TION CORRECTION, except when laying by
field clinometer, and passes corrected elevations
to 3. Position corrections, if required, are ordered
in the form “ No. . . always add (or drop). . . .
yards.”
' (ii) When laying by field clinometer, he applies the
. INDEX CORRECTION (if any) of his clinometer
to the elevation ordered, sets the clinometer
and places it on the clinometer plane.
»
11. When an angle of sight is ordered, he examines the
setting of the SIGHT CLINOMETER, and, when the charge
is ordered, he examines the setting of the elevation indicator
READER. He occasionally examines the settings of the
ELEVATION and FUZE INDICATORS.
12. He supervises the preparation and supply of AMMU­
NITION. As time fuzes deteriorate rapidly if unprotected
from damp, only such as are required for immediate use
will be uncovered. When one group of ammunition is nearly
expended, he reports particulars of the next group to be
used.
When firing with time shrapnel ho checks the fuze setting.
13. He supervises LOADING and RAMS.
He places tho end of the rammer against the base of the
shell, and rams home with both hands in one motion.
The shell should be rammed home vigorously with a good
 8

travel. The sound of the driving band engaging the rifling

should be distinctly heard. Irregularity in ramming causes
irregular shooting, especially when the gun is worn. Ah.
improperly rammed shell may slip back when the gun is
elevated and cause a premature.
He sees that the correct charge is loaded.
14. He gives the order to FIRE. The gun will on no
account be fired without his order. Before giving this order
ho sees that the gun is in ail respects ready.
16. He is responsible that the INTERVAL between
rounds is properly kept as regards his own gun. When a
salvo or quick rate of battery firo (less than 6 seconds
interval) is ordered, he extends his right arm above his
head as sbon as his gun is ready to fire.
16. If the firing lever on the carriage has been damaged
he fires the gun by means of the LANYARD.
17. At intervals he chocks the LENGTH OF RECOIL.
He compares the elevation given by the recoil indicator
with the elevation on the elevation indicator.
18. He watches the action of the SPADES on recoil, and
adjusts their supports if necessary.
19. When RAPID or PROLONGED FIRING takes place
he takes every opportunity of attending to his equipment.
If the gun is hot, the bore should be cooled with water when
“ Stand easy ” is ordered

No 2.
1. He works the BREECH MECHANISM.
2. On COMING INTO ACTION (“PACK”) he assists
1 to unload the axle, and 1 and 3 to unload and mount the
pivot and the breech; he unloads the traversing gear and
 9

breech mechanism box and ships the brccch meohanism ; ho

is responsible ior tho wrench junction nut, and screws up
the junction nut.
3. On COMING INTO ACTION (“DRAUGHT”) he
assists 3 to unpin the draught bar, carries round tho trails,
and unkoys and removes the travelling lock.
4. He assists 3 to lay by looking along the FINDER of
the DIAL SIGHT when tho aiming point is to tho left or
to the rear.
5. (i) TO OPEN THE BREECH.—Ho takes hold of the
handle of tho lever breech mechanism with tho
left hand, compressing the catch with his fingers,
and swings the breech screw round to the right as
far as it will go.
(u) TO CLOSE THE BREECH.—Tho above procedure
is reversed.
0. He oils and cleans the BREECH MECHANISM when
necessary during firing.

, No. 3.
1. Ho LAYS and FIRES tho gun. He directs 4 when
planting AIMING POSTS. He assists 1 to test tho SIGHTS.
2. On COMING INTO ACTION (“ PACK ”) he unloads
and fixes the left wheel. He assists 1 to key up the axletreo
clips, and 1 and 2 to unload and mount the pivot and the
breech; ho ships the sights and is responsible for tho breech
bearer and elevating arc.
3. On COMING INTO ACTION (“DRAUGHT”) he
assists 2 to unpin the draught bar and fixes the sights.
4. As soon as the charge is ordered he slides the READER .
(n 15378t) b
 10

of the elevation indicator to the charge ordered and tightens

the clamping screw.
6. (i) He always LAYS for LINE and ELEVATION.
He sets on the dial sight the aiming point angle
and all deflections ordered, and CROSS LEVELS
the sight. Ho lays on the loft edge of the aiming
point unless otherwise ordered.
(ii) At INDIRECT LAYING with SIGHT CLINO­
METER he sets the sight clinometer at the angle
of sight ordered. Ho sots the elevation indicator
,at the elevation ordered by 1. He lays by bringing
tho bubble of the sight clinometer to the centre
of its run.
(iii) At INDIRECT LAYING with FIELD CLINO­
METER ho sets the elevation indicator at the
elevation ordered by 1. Ho lays by bringing tho
bubble of tho field clinometer to the centre of its
run.
(iv) At DIRECT LAYING he sets the cowl of the No. 7
dial sight at zero, and lays both for line and for
elevation through the dial sight; at the first
opportunity ho levels the sight clinometer by
means of the micrometer head. ■
0. (i) When sotting tho dial sight by means of the QUICK
RELEASE ho moves tho micrometer head through
one complete turn to ensure that the teeth have
re-engaged correctly.
(ii) When SETTING a right deflection on the dial sight
he turns tho right micrometer head away from
him with his right hand; when setting a left
deflection he turns tho left micrometer head to­
wards himself with his left hand.
 11

(iii) When READING a left angle on the dial plate he

reads the minutes oil the left micrometer scale;
when reading a right angle he reads the minutes
off tho right micrometer scale.
(iv) When SETTING the SIGHT CLINOMETER he
turns the top of tho micrometer head to the left
last to take up backlash.
(v) When SETTING tho COWL of tho dial sight at
zero ho make3 tho index marks both of the
milled head and the finder coincide.
(vi) When SETTING the ELEVATION INDICATOR
he turns the top of tho elevation indicator hand-
wheel to the left last.
(vii) When LAYING for ELEVATION ho depresses last
(top of the handwheel to tho left) with at least one
completo turn of the handwheel.
7. Eor the first round, the pointer of tho traversing gear
must bo within 4 degrees of zero when the lay is completed,
except when engaging G.F. or similar targets.
8. CROSSHEADS are fitted to aiming posts to compensate
for lateral movement of the sight. Both crossheads have
similar markings and numbers. Ho notes which corre­
sponding pair of markings are in line and uses them to lay on.
He directs 4 to clamp erossheads low down, so that the
bottom of the far one is just visible over the top of tho near
one.
9. He FIRES the gun. As soon as tho gun is laid ho
places his right hand on the firing lover and reports “ Ready.”
At tho order “ Fire ” ho pulls the lever smartly, releases it
at once and replaces his hand on the elevating handwheel.
The gun will on no account be fired without the order from 1.
(B 153781) n2
 12

10. The following are signals used by 3:—

SIGNAL. MEANING,
(i) When directing 1 and 4 to move the trails:—
Palm of the hand in the Trails right (or left),
required direction.
Fist olenched. Stop traversing.
Smart tap on tho thigh Take post.
with the palm of the
hand.
(ii) When directing 4 to plant aiming posts:—
Right arm extended to the Move in the direction in­
right or left arm dicated.
extended to the left.
Arm dropped. Halt.
Both arms dropped sharply Plant.
from above the head.
Upward or downward mo­ Raise or lower the cross­
tion of tho arms, with head.
both arms extended later­
ally.
Both arms extended above Move head of post in the
the head and moved direction indicated.
laterally in the required
direction.
Both arms extended sharp­ Pick up.
ly upwards.
Both arms extended to tho Move to plant the far
front. aiming post.
Body turned about and Come in.
both arms extended to the
rear.
 13

No. 4.
1. He LOADS and plants AIMING POSTS.
2. On COMING INTO ACTION (“ PACK ”) he unloads
and fixes the right wheel; he assists 5, 6 and 7 to unload and
mount the cradle, 6 and 6 to unload and mount tho chase, and
6, 6 and 7 to fix the shields; he is responsible for the aiming
posts and one porter bar.
3. On COMING INTO ACTION (“DRAUGHT”) he
assists 5, 6 and 7 to unload and fix the shields, and is
responsible for the aiming posts.
4. He LOADS. He obtains a shell from 5, shows the
fuze setting to 1 and places it in the chamber so that the
base of the shell is flush with tho rear face of the breech;
he then receives a cartridge from 5, grasping it with tho
thumb and little finger of the right hand round tho case
near the rim and presses it home with tho fingers on the
base.
He obtains another shell from 5 and holds it ready to load.
If a change of ammunition or fuze setting is ordered, he
lays his shell down and obtains another shell from 5. Ho
should bo prepared to re-set the fuze if necessary.

No. 5.
1. Ho prepares and supplies AMMUNITION and works
the FUZE INDICATOR.
2. On COMING INTO ACTION (“PACK’’) he assists
6 and 7 to unload and mount tho carriage, 4,8 and 7 to unload
and mount the cradle, 4 and 6 to unload and mount the chase,
and 4, 6 and 7 to unload and fix tho shields ; he is responsible
for one dragrope, one porter bar and the chase bearer.
(b 16378t) b 3
 14

3. On COMING INTO ACTION (“ DRAUGHT ”) he

assists 4, 6 and 7 to unload and fix the shields.
4. He sees that shell are :— , -
' (i) Scrupulously CLEAN, especially the driving bandR.
(ii) SORTED into groups by nature, weight, fuze and
setting correction.
(iii) ISSUED from the group ordered.
. He sees that cartridges :— .
(i) Have the PRIMERS tightly screwed home.
(ii) Are SORTED by nature of propellant and “ Group ”
number.
(iii) Are PROTECTED from extremes of temperature
and from damp.
(iv) Are PREPARED correctly; all sections bearing a
higher number than the charge ordered are removed.
(v) Are ISSUED from the group ordered.
5. When preparing H.E. with No. 10(1 FUZE, no safety cap
is to be removed, or the wire or seal broken, until the round is
about to be loaded. On removing the cap he examines each
fuze to see that the tape is correctly wound and that the
ends of tho shearing wire are visible. If a No. 106 fuze lias
become uncapped or tho wire and seal is found to bo broken,
the fuze ia to be regarded as dangerous and treated accordingly.
A No. 106 fuze with wire or seal broken is on no account to
be replaced in an ammunition box or wagon.
6. When preparing SHRAPNEL he removes the fuzo
covers. He follows up all orders for corrector and elevation
on tho FUZE INDICATOR, and calls out the fuzo setting
loud enough for his section commander to hear. He always
uses tho reader for following up the elevation, and calls out
 15

the highest fuze setting visible to the left of the edge of the
reader. He resets each fuze accurately at safety beforo
replacing the shell in an ammunition box.
7. He SUPPLIES ammunition to 4, handing him the shell
with the fuze to 4’s left.
8. When one group of ammunition is nearly expended, he .
REPORTS to 1 the particulars of the next group.

No. 6.
,1. On COMING INTO ACTION (“PACK”) ho assists
5 and 7 to unload and mount tho carriage, 4, 5 and 7 to
unload and mount the cradle, 4 and 5 to unload and mount
the chase, and 4, 5 and 7 to fix tho shields; he unloads
ammunition boxes and with 7 procures the pioneer rack; he
is responsible for one dmgrope and tho muzzle lifter.
2. On COMING INTO ACTION (“DRAUGHT”) he
assists 4, 5 and 7 with the shields and unloads ammunition
boxes and pioneer rack.
,3. IN ACTION he remains under cover on tho flank of
the battery.
. No. 7.
1. On COMING INTO ACTION <“ PACK ”) he assists
5 and 6 to unload and mount the carriage, and 4,6 and 6 to
unload and mount the cradle, and to unload and fix tho
shields; he unloads ammunition boxes and with 6 procures „
tho pioneer rack; he is responsible for one porter bar.
2. On COMING INTO ACTION (“DRAUGHT”) he
assists 4, 6 and 6 with the shields and unloads ammunition
boxes and pioneer rack.
3. IN ACTION he takes post with the firing batteiy
(B 15378T) B4
 16

mules. He assists in tlvo SUPPLY of AMMUNITION and

is available to replace CASUALTIES.

No. 8.
1. On COMING INTO ACTION (“PACK”) he unloads
the sight box and assists 9 to unload and mount the trails
and slipper, and to unload the spades, mallets and handspikes ;
he unloads ammunition boxes.
2. On COMING INTO ACTION (“DRAUGHT”) he is
responsible for one mallet, handspike and spade, and unloads
ammunition boxes.
3. In ACTION he takes post with the firing battery
mules. Ho assists in the SUPPLY of AMMUNITION
and is available to replace CASUALTIES. •

No. 9 or COVERER.
1. Ho is SECOND IN COMMAND of the subsection.
2. On COMING INTO ACTION (“PACK") lie unloads
the sight box and assists 8 to unload and mount the trails and
slipper, and to unload the spades, mallets and handspikes;
he unloads ammunition boxes.
3. On COMING INTO ACTION (“DRAUGHT") he is
responsible for one mallet, handspike and spade, and unloads
ammunition boxes.
4. IN ACTION he is in charge of the subsection mules.
 17

CHAPTER II.—GUN DRILL.

Artillery Training lays down the principles of battery

tactics, which vary little with different equipments. This
chapter details the orders given and the procedure by which
these orders are carried out in batteries armed with the
3'7-inch Q.F. Howitzer.
The wording must bo memorised and strictly adhered to,
with the exception of sections 41, 42 and 43.
The executive order is shown throughout as being given
by the section commander, as will normally be the case
during training. When orders can be heard throughout
the battery, they will be acted upon without repetition.
Instructors will invariably employ the orders detailed for
the Beotion commander, even when drilling a singlo detach­
ment.

1. POSITIONS AT DETACHMENT FRONT

AND REAR.
The detachment falls in two deep, one pace between
ranks, 1 on the right of the front rank. % is not covered.
 18

When the gun is limbered up, the front rank is four paces
in front of the wheel and axle mule, 1 four yards to the
right of the off gun wheel.
When the gun is in action, the front rank is one pace in
rear of the spades, 1 covering the right gun wheel.

2. TO TELL OFF.

Section commander. '

"...section—Tell off."
1 numbers himself 1, tho right-hand man of the rear
rank 2, his front rank man 3 and so on.

3. TO CHANGE ROUND.

Section commander.
"...section—Change round.”
1 takes a pace to tho rear with his right foot and a pace
to.the left.with his left foot. The left-hand man of the rear
rank takes a pace to the front. At the same time the
remainder of the front rank take a pace to the right and
; the rear .rank a.pace to tho left. .
(The detachment is then ogain told off.)
 19
4. POSITION OF MULES AND DETACHMENT IN
ORDER OF MARCH (“PACK”).
Diagram I.
©

j|jj Z^Ammunition

l ifAmmunition
 20

6. TO FORM ORDER OF MARCH FROM DETACH­

MENT FRONT.
Section commander.
"...section—Form order of march."
1 orders, “ Left turn, double march.”
The detachment double to their places. 9 raises his right
hand above his head and drops it smartly; all the numbers
turn about. If on the move, the numbers turn about
independently.
6. TO FORM DETACHMENT FRONT FROM ORDER
OF MARCH.
Section commander.
"...section—Detachment front."
1 doubles 4 yards to his right front and gives the order
“ No. . . Double march.”
At the order from 1, the remainder double to their places
by the shortest way.
7. TO PREPARE FOR ACTION.
Preparation for action will be carried out before leaving
the gun park or moving into action. When in action,
advantage should bo taken of any interval to examine, test
and arrange equipment.
Section commander.
"...section—Prepare for action."
Each number examines the parts of the equipment for
which ho is responsible.
1 supervises the work of the other numbers and sees
that the gun and carriage are in all respects ready for
action.
Drivers unstrap ammunition boxes, unless otherwise
ordered.
 21

As soon aB ho has completed his duties, each man reports

to 1, who reports to his section commander, “ No. . . , ready
for action,” or otherwise.
As the battery approaches the position, 5 and 6 remove the
dragropes and placo them over their shoulders.

8. TO COME INTO ACTION ("PACK”).

Action front.
Section commander.
—
“...section Action front."
1 places himself bo that he can see when his leading mule
is in the required position. He then orders, “ Halt—Action
froot.”

FIRST LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT.

The positions of the detachment are as follows:—
1, 2, 3 and 4 at the wheel and axle mule, 1 and 4 in front;
1 and 2 unstrap the axle.
5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 at the carriage mule, 5 and 6 in front;
5 and 6 unstrap the carriage; 7 mans the rear of the carriage;
8 and 9 unstrap the sight box.
Tho wheel and axle mulo halts 3 yards in rear of the centre
of the gun platform; as soon as the loads aro clear of tho
saddle, it moves 3 yards in front of the platform and halts.
The remaining mules mov^*to positions as follows, the
whole facing outwards:—
Carriage mule 3 yards to the right front of the centre of
the gun platform.
Pivot mule 3 yards to the right.
Cradlo mule 3 yards to the right rear.
 22

Trail mule 3 yards to the rear.

Breech mule 3 yards to the loft rear.
Slipper mule 3 yards to the left.
Chase mule 3 yards to tho left front.
The ammunition mules close up.
Diagram II.
 23

FIRST LIFT, LIFT.

8 and 9 lift off the sight box, place it on the ground on the
left of the platform, and go to the trail mule.
3 and 4 lift down the wheels ; 1 and 2 lift down tho axle and
carry it to tho centre of tho platform; 1 holds it ready for
tho wheels, facing tho front; 3 and 4 remove the linch pins
and washers, placo tho wheels on the axle, and replace linch
pins and washers; 2 goes to the pivot mule, removes tho
traversing gear and lays it down between thelegsof the carriage.
5,6 and 7 lift down tho carriage ; 5 and 6 unkey the axletree
clips, and with 7 place tho carriage on tho axlo; 5 and 6
close tho clips; 1 and 3 key up and pass tho legs of tho
carriage over to 7 who doubles round to receive them; 7
removes tho keys from the ends of tho legs.
5 and 6 place the dragropcs on the ground outside the wheels.
8 and 9 lift down the trails and key them to the carriage,
6 and 7 raising the legs. The lower lugs of the trail joint
must bo keyed up beforo tho upper lugs.
4 gets the aiming posts from the wheel and axle mule
and puts them on the left of the gun.
The wheel and axlo mulo wheels to the right about, and
with the carriage mule forms up 15 yards in rear of the
trail, facing tho front, carriage mule 0 yards oil the right
of tho wheel and axle mule.

SECOND LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT.

1, 2 and 3 go to the pivot mule, 1 in rear, and unstrap.
4, 5, 6 and 7 go to tho cradle mule, 6 and 7 nearer the plat­
form : 5 and 6 unstrap tho cradle; 4 and 7 remove and
ship the porter bars.
8 and 9 go to the slipper mulo and unstrap.
 24

Diagram 111.
 25

SECOND LIFT, LIFT.

1, 2 and 3 lift down the pivot, turn it over, and insert it
in the axle and connecting bar ; 2 and 3 open the pivot
capsquares; 2 removes tho breech mechanism box from
the pivot mule and lays it down outside tho right wheel.
4, 5, 6 and 7 lift down the cradle and turn it as follows:—
5 and 7 place their ends of the porter bars on tho ground, 4
and 6 pass their ends over to 6 and 7, 4 and 6 man the ends
which are on the ground ; 4, 6, 6 and 7 lift the cradle over the
right wheel into the trunnion holes on tho pivot and shift
tho porter bars; 4 and 7 lay the porter bars on the ground
outside tho wheels ; 5 and 6 close and key up tho pivot cap-
squares.
1 ships tho traversing gear; 3 removes tho elevating arc
from tho pocket on the carriage and ships it.
8 and 9 lift down tho slipper and slide it into position from
the rear, 7 withdrawing tho key securing chase.
The pivot and cradlo mules retire and form up 15 yards
in rear of the trail, the pivot mule on the left of tho carriago
mule, and tho cradle mule covering the carriage mule.

THIRD LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT.

1, 2 and 3 go to the breech mule; 2 and 3 unstrap tho
hreech ; 3 unstraps and ships the bearer; 2 and 3 man the
bearer; 1 mans tho breech lifter.
4, B and 6 go to tho chaso mule ; 4 and 6 unstrap the chase ;
B unstraps and ships the bearer; 4 and B man the bearer;
8 mans the muzzle lifter.
7 goes to the slipper mule and unstraps the shields.
8 and 9 go to tho trail mule.
(b 15378t) o
 26
Diagram. IV.

A A A A
;W, rJ ll.
;CHi PI; M
'.if
" L tt

A X X
r* i.
A
r* rJ
|br:
SL TR ICR
LXJ
'Lx-
 27

THIRD LIFT, LIFT.

1,2, and 3 lift down the breech; 1 turns it over; 1,2 and
3 place it in position from the rear.
4, 5 and 6 lift down the chase and place it in position from
the front; 6 locks the chase key.
3 and 6 withdraw the bearers and 1 and 6 the lifters, and
lay them down, 3 and 1 outside the left, and 5 and 6 outside
the right, wheel.
2 takes the wrench junction nut from its pocket on the
carriage; 4 presses the chaso and slipper to the rear till tho
junction nut is home; 2 screws up and places the wrench
inside the right wheel.
1 presses the breech forward and locks the cradle lock,
procures the firing lever from the sight box and ships it.
2 ships the breech mechanism.
3 arranges tho sight box, removes the oscillating bracket
and sights, and fixes them in position.
8 and 9 bring up spades, mallets and handspikes, and lay
them down by the trail legs.
1 and 4 ship the handspikes and spades in their sockets.
5 and 7 lift down the shields and with 4 and 6 fix them in
position.
8 and 9 remove tho ammunition boxes and place them
in one pile on the left of tho left trail. A second pile is made
on tho left as soonas the 3rd and 4th ammunition mules comeup.
6 and 7 romove one pioneer rack from the section pioneer
mule and lay it down near the gun.
Tho numbers take up their positions in action.
The breech, chase, trail, slipper and ammunition mules
retire and form up with the chase mule on tho left of the pivot
mule, covered by tho breech mule, the slipper mule covering
the wheel and axlo mule, the- trail mule covering tho pivot
mule and tho 2nd ammunition mule on the left of the wheel
and axle mule, ooverod by the 1st ammunition mule.
Action right, Action leit, Action rear.
Tho gun is assembled in the required direction.
(b 15378t) o 2
 28

9. POSITION OF STORES IN ACTION

(" PACK ").
Diagram V.

POATlR MK
 29
10. POSITION OF MULES AND DETACHMENT,
IN ORDER OF MARCH (“DRAUGHT”).
Diagram VI.
.0

8 and 9 and the remaining mules march with the first line.
(b 15378t) o 3
 30

11. TO COME INTO ACTION (“DRAUGHT ").

Action front.
Section commander.
“...section—Actionfront."
1 places himself so that he can see when his gun is in the
required position. He then orders “ Halt—Action front.”
2 and 3 jerk back on their dragropes, drop them and man
tho trails. 1 mans the draught bar from the near side.
2 and 3 unpin the draught bar, 3 orders “ Drive on.”
The mules advance one yard, 1 supporting the shafts
with draught bar attached, wheel right about and move
three yards to the right rear of tho trail. 1 lowers tho rear
end of the shafts. 1 on the off side and the wheel driver on
tho near side reloaso the front ends of the shafts from the
harness.
1 removes the aiming posts and handspikes from the trail
mule.
2 carries the trails round through a half circle to the right,
and unkeys and removes tho travelling lock. The trails are
separated.
3 procures and fixes the sights; 4, 5, 6 and 7 procure the
shields and fix them.
Tho remaining stores and ammunition aro unloaded as at
“Pack.”
The mules retire at the trot.
Tho numbers take up their positions in action.

Action right, Action left, Action rear.

At “ Action right ” the trails arc earned round through a
quarter of a circle to tho left.
 31

At “ Action loft ” the trails are carried round through a

quarter of a circle to the right.
At “ Action rear ” the trails are immediately lowered to
the ground.
12. POSITIONS IN ACTION.
1 kneels between the trails about four feet in rear of the
breech.
2 sits on the right carriage leg, facing the rear.
3 sits on the left carriage leg, facing half right.
4 kneels to the left rear of the breech, clear of the recoil,
facing the front.
6 lies in roar of the ammunition boxes.
6 takes cover to a flank of the battery.
7, 8 and 9 remain with the firing battery mules. At drill
they take post six yards in rear of their gun.

13. TO FORM DETACHMENT REAR IN ACTION.

Section commander.
—
“...section Deiachments rear."
1 doubles to his place (one yard in rear of the spades and
covering the right gun wheel) and gives tho order “ No...,
Double march.” At the order from 1 the remainder double
to their places and halt.

14. TO TAKE POST FROM DETACHMENT REAR.

Section commander.
"...section—Take post."
(The detachment double to their places by the shortest
way and halt.
(b 15378t) 0 4
 32

IS. TO MOVE THE GUN WITH DRAGROPES.

Section commander.
“...section—With dragropes, prepare to advance.”
6 and 7 removo the wing shields.
1 and 4 bring the trails together and 1 mans the hand
spikes ; 2 and 3 hook dragropes to the dragwashers on their
own sides. The detachment (except 1) man the ropes, even
numbers on the right side, odd numbers on the left.
At the order “ Walk, march,” the carriage is moved to
the front.
At the order “ Halt,” the carriage is halted and the detach­
ment remain at their posts.
At the order “ Detachment rear ” or “ Take post,”
2 and 3 replace tho dragropes, 1 and 4 separate the trails,
4 and 8 return for the sidearms, 6 and 7 fix the wing shields,
and 6, 7, 8 and 9 return for tho sight, breech mechanism and
ammunition boxes. When stores are re-arranged the detach­
ment takes position as ordered.

16. TO MOVE THE GUN WITHOUT DRAGROPES.

Section commander.
“...section—Without dragropes, prepare to advance
1 and 4 bring the trails together and 1 mans tho hand­
spikes ; 2 and 3 man tho wheels in rear of tho shield ; 4 and
5 move the sidearms ; 6, 7, 8 and 9 move tho sight, breech
mechanism and ammunition boxes.
At the order “ Walk, march,” the carriage is moved to
the front.
At the order “ Halt,” tho carriage is halted and the detach­
ment remain at their posts.
 33

17. TO OBTAIN THE LINE OF FIRE.

The lino of firo is obtained by one of the methods described
in Artillery Training.

18. TO LAY THE GUN IN THE LINE OF FIRE.

Section commander.
“...section—Aiming point..., ...<3egs....mins. right (or left)."
1 orders “ Take post to lay.” 1 and 4 man the hand­
spikes in the trails.
3 sets the elevation indicator at 20 degrees and the sight
clinometer at zero, and brings the bubble to the centre of
its run by the elevating handwheel. Ho sets the dial sight
at the angle ordered and lays roughly on the aiming point,
directing 1 and 4 to move tho trails.
3 gives the signal “ Tako post.” 1 and 4 drive in the
spades and tako post.
3 brings the cross level bubble approximately to tho
centre of its run and lays accurately for line with tho
traversing gear.
As soon as time permits, 3 reports to 1 the readings of
tho dial sight from the battery picket and auxiliary aiming
point; 1 records them on tho trails.
Tho section commander goes to his guns and takes a
note of tho angles recorded.

19. TO ASCERTAIN THE LOWEST ELEVATION AT

WHICH THE TRAJECTORY WILL
CLEAR THE CREST.
When the crest is within 100 yards oi the gun.
Tho angle of sight to the crest is the elevation required.
 34

1 lays the gun just clear of the crest by looking along

the bottom of the bore and ordering 3 to elevate or depress
as required. 3 sets the sight clinometer at zero, and brings
the bubble to the centre of its run by turning the elevation
indicator handwheel. 1 reports the readings of the elovation
indicator in degrees to the section commander.
When the crest is over 100 yards from the gun.
The procedure is the same, but an allowance is made for
the elevation duo to the rango to the crest.
3 and 1 proceed as before. The section commander makes
a liberal estimate of the range to the crest and adds the
elevation for this range (with first charge unless otherwise
ordered) to the elevation reported by 1.

20. TO PLANT AIMING POSTS.

Section commander.
“...section—Aiming posts front (or rear).”
4 doubles out in front (or rear) of his gun with two aiming
posts and plants them as directed by 3 in line with the dial
sight set at zero (or 180 degrees); Ho plants the near post
first at about 50 yards from the gun. He then plants the
further post as far from the gun as possible up to about
100 yards.

If the order “ Replant aiming posts ” is given, 4 doubles

out and, at the signal from 3, pulls up the posts, the further
one first, and replants them.

21. PARALLEL LINES TO A NAMED GUN.

Section commander.
“...section (or No....)—Parallel lines to No....”
 35

3 of the named gun re-lays for line, all guns being roughly
laid at 20 degrees.
Zero line method.
1 of the named gun reports his angle right or left of his
zero line. This angle is ordered to the other guns.
Aiming point method.
The section commander indicates an aiming point.
3 of the named gun strings his dial sight on to tho aiming
point and 1 reports the reading. This angle, corrected if
necessary for parallelism, is ordered to tho other guns.
Birector method.
3 of the named gun swings his dial sight on to the director
and 1 reports the reading. Tho director is set accordingly,
and individual angles are ordered to tho other guns.

Tho other guns aro then laid in the lino of fire as already
detailed.
22. TO CHECK PARALLEL LINES.
Section commander.
"...section—Check parallel lines to No....”
3 sets the elevation indicator at 20 degrees and brings
tho bubble to tho centre of its run.
3 of tho named gun lays on the dial sight of each gun
in turn.
1 reports tho angles to his section commander, who passes
them to the section commanders concerned.
3 of each other gun lays on the dial sight of the named
gun.
i
 36

1 reports the reading to his section commander, who

checks it with the angle taken by the named gun. The Bum
of the two angles should be 180 degrees. If necessary, he
corrects the zero line angles.
23. TO LOAD.
Percussion Bhrapnel.
Section commander.
“...section—Percussion, charge..."
1 repeats this order and at the correct moment orders
“Load.” ‘
6 supplies a shell to 4.
4 sees that the fuze is set at safety and places the shell
in the ohamber.
1 rams home.
4 receives the cartridge from 6, shows it to 1, and places
it in the chamber.
2 closes the breeoh.
Time shrapnel.
Section commander.
“...section—Corrector..., charge..., (elevation)..."
1 repeats this order and at the correct moment orders
“ Load.”
5 sets the fuze indicator and calls out the fuze setting.
5 sets the fuze and supplies a shell to 4.
4 shows the setting to 1 and places the shell in the
ohamber.
1 rams home.
4 receives the cartridge from 5, shows it to 1 and places
it in the chamber.
2 closes the breech.
 37

High explosive.
Section commander.
“...section—H.E., (fuze)..., charge...”
1 repeats this order and at the correct moment orders
“ Load.”
6 uncaps the fuze (if necessary) and supplies a shell to 4.
4 places the shell in the chamber.
1 rams home.
4 receives the cartridge from 5, shows it to 1 and places it
in the chamber.
2 closes the breech. ,
After the first round, if there is no alteration in ammunition,
1 orders “Load,” repeating also any change in ammunition
which may be ordered.
During ranging with H.E. or percussion shrapnel, the gun
will be re-loaded as soon as it has been fired. At other times
the gun will not be loaded sooner than is necessary to main­
tain tho rate of fire.
Note.—At drill the rammer will be placed against the
breech ring in the action of ramming home; only wooden
shell and drill cartridges will be loaded.

24. TO. LAY THE GUN.

On receipt of the charge 3 sets the reader of the elevation

indicator and,clamps it.
Indirect laying with sight clinometer.
Section commander.
“...section—...degs....mitts, more right (or left),”
*' Angle of sight., .degs....mins, elevation (or depression),”
“ (elevation)...”
 38

1 applies the gun correction and position correction (if any)

and passes the corrected elevation to 3.
3 puts on the deflection and angle of sight and sets the
elevation indicator.
3 lays and reports “ Ready.”

Indirect laying with field clinometer.

Section commander.
..section—Clinometer laying,”
"...degs....mins, more right (or left),”
“ (elevation)...(legs....mins”
1 applies the index correction (if any) to the elevation
ordered, sets the field clinometer and places it on the
clinometer plane.
3 puts on the deflection and sets the elevation indicator.
3 lays and reports “ Ready.”
1 removes the field clinometer.

Note.—When laying by field clinometer, the elevation

ordered is the actual elevation at which each gun is to be
laid.
Direct laying.
Section commander.
‘ ‘. .sectimi— Reference point..., Target...”
“ Direct laying dial sight,...degs....mins, more right (or left),”
“ (elevation)....”
If necessary, 1 and 4 throw the gun into the line.
3 puts on the deflection, sets the cowl of the dial sight at
zero and sets the elevation indicator.
3 lays direct through the dial sight on the ground line of
his portion of the target and reports “ Ready.”
 39

At tho first opportunity 3 levels the sight clinometer by

means of the micrometer head, thus taking the angle of sight.

If “ Indirect laying ” is ordered, 3 picks up an auxiliary

aiming point with the dial sight. Unless a new angle of
sight is ordered, ho uses tho angle of sight already taken.

25. TO FIRE.
No. 1.
—
“ No.... Fire."
1 orders “ Fire ” as soon as he has satisfied himself that
his gun is ready and his turn to fire lias arrived.
3 fires the gun and re-lays.
2 opens the breech.
The gun will on no account be fired without tho order
from 1.
26. MISSFIRES.
If tho gun fails to fire, 3 gives the firing lever a second
pull.
If the gun again fails to fire, 1 allows one minute to elapse,
orders 2 to unload the cartridge and examines the primer.
If the primer has failed to fire he examines the cap. If
fairly struck, a now primer is inserted. If not fairly struck,
tho striker is changed.
If the primer has fired a new primer is fitted, provided that
the round can bo fired at once. Otherwise the charge is
withdrawn and destroyed. Such a cartridge must on no
account bo replaced in an ammunition box or wagon.
27. TO CLEAR THE SPADES.
Section commander.
—
“...section Spades clear.”
 40

1 and 4 man tho handspikes in the trails and withdraw

the spades from the ground.
28. TO CHANGE TARGET.
Section commander.
“...section—^Change target,"
“...(legs....mins, more right {or left)," ,
or
“...(legs....mins, right {or left) of zero lines."
If the gun has to be moved through an angle of more than
16 degrees, 1 clears the spades and directs the gun into the
new line, and 3 sets the traversing gear at zero.
3 sets tho elevation indicator at 20 degrees and the sight
clinometer at zero, levels the clinometer bubble and turns
the micrometer head of the dial sight through the angle
ordered.
If tho angle is given from zero lines, he sets the dial sight
at the recorded zero line angle and then turns the micrometer
head through the angle ordered.
The procedure is then as in Section 18 “ To lay tho gun
in the line of fire.’’

29. TO STOP FIRING.

Section commander,
“...section—Stop."
The .detachment continue their duties but the gun is not
fired until tho order “ Go on ” is given.

30. TO STAND FAST.

Section commander.
—
“...section Stand fast.”
 41

All stand fast whatever they are doing, but when coming
into action, 2 completes screwing up the gun.
At the order “Go on” work is continued.

31. TO STOP LOADING.

Section commander.
“...section—Stop loading.”
The detachment continue their duties. .Any gun already
loaded is fired at its proper interval, but no gun will bo
loaded until the order “ Go on ’’ is given.

32. TO EMPTY GUNS.

Section commander.
“...section—Empty guns.’’
Any gun loaded is laid at the last elevation and line, and
fired.
If a safety pin or cap has been removed before the order
is given, the loading is completed, and the gun fired.

33. TO STAND EASY IN ACTION.

Section commander.
“...section (or No....)—Stand easy."
This order is given to indicate that firing is temporarily
suspended.
Before opening fire again the order “ Take post ” will be
given.
34. TO PREPARE TO ADVANCE.
Section commander.
“...section—Prepare to advance."
The firing battery mules move to a position under cover
near the guns. One loaded ammunition mule per subsection
 42

moves to tho position of assembly. The second ammunition

mule moves to tho left of the gun, halting two yards in rear
of tho ammunition boxes, is loaded with tho full pair of boxes
by 6, 7, 8 and 9 and proceeds to tho position of assembly.
The partially empty pair of boxes remains on the ground
till tho gun is limbered up and is then loaded on tho first
ammunition mule by 6, 7, 8 and 9. This mule then joins
tho first line.

35. TO PREPARE TO RETIRE.

Section commander.
“...section—Prepare to retire.'”
The firing battery mules move to a position under cover
near the gims. 5 removes threo rounds of ammunition,
and 6, 7, 8 and 9 carry the ammunition boxes to tho ammu­
nition mules and load them. Tho ammunition mules then
proceed to tho position of assembly,

36. TO CEASE FIRING (» PACK ").

Before “ Cease firing ” is ordered, guns must be empty.
Section commander.
“...section—Empty guns. Cease firing.”
The mules move to 5 yards in rear of tho trail.
The spades are cleared.
1 releases tho cradle lock, removes tho firing lever, and
places it in the sight box; he removes the traversing gear
and lays it down on tho right of the gun; ho ships the breech
lifter. '
2 unships the breech mechanism, places it in its box and
loads it on the pivot mulo; ho unscrews tho junction nut and
places tho wrench junction nut in its pocket on the carriage.
 43

3 removes the sights and oscillating bracket, and places

them in the sight box.
4 brings in aiming posts if ordered, and places them on the
wheel and axle mule.
4, 5, 6 and 7 remove the shields ; 5 and 7 load them on the
slipper mule.
4 assists 1 and 2.
6 withdraws the chase key and ships the muzzle lifter.
8 and 9 remove the spades, handspikes and mallets, and
load them on the trail mule.
1 and 2 run the slipper back and up again with a slight
jerk to free the junction nut.

37. TO LIMBER UP (“PACK”).

Front limber up.

Section commander.
—
. “...section Front Umber up."
Tlio mules move to position as follows, the whole facing
outwards :—
Wheel and axle mule 3 yards to the front of the centre of
the platform.
Carriage mule 3 yards to the right front.
Pivot mule 3 yards to tho right.
Cradle mule 3 yards to tho right rear.
Trail mule 3 yards to the rear.
Breech mule 3 yards to the left rear.
Slipper mule 3 yards to the left.
Chase mule 3 yards to the loft front.
 44

Diagram VII.

FIRST LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT.

1 mans the breech lifter.
3 picks up the breech bearer and ships it; 2 and 3 man it.
6 picks up the chase bearer and ships it; 4 and 5 man it.
6 mans the muzzle lifter.
8 and 9 stand ready to man the slipper.

FIRST LIFT, LIFT.

1, 2 and 3 remove the breech to the rear, 1 turning it over,
and load it on the breech mule; 2 straps up j 3 goes to the
chase mule.
4,5 and 6 remove the chase to the front and load it on the
chase mule; 3 straps up.
 46

8 replaces the chase key; 8 and 9 slide the slipper to the

rear, load it on the slipper mule and strap up.
SECOND LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT. '
3 unships the elevating arc and straps it in its pocket on
the carriage.
5 and 6 open the pivot capsquares; 4 and 7 ship the porter
bars.
8 and 9 disconnect the trails.

SECOND LIFT, LIFT.

4, 5, 6 and 7 man the porter bars, lift the cradle over the
right wheel, turn it over as in coming into action, load it and
unship porter bars; 6 and 6 strap up the cradle, 4 and 7
the porter bars.
8 and 9 load the trail legs on the trail mule and strap up.
2 and 3 close the pivot capsquares, and, with 1, dismount the
pivot, turn it over, and load it on the pivot mule.
THIRD LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT.
1 and 3 go to the rear of the carriage, throw the legs over
to tho front, and open the axletree clips.
2 loads the traversing gear on the pivot mule and stands
ready to assist 1 with the axle.
3 and 4 remove linoh pins and washers and man the wheels.
6 and 6 place the dragropcs over their shoulders and man the
front of the carriage.
7 mans the legs of the carriage.
8 and 9 go to the sight box.
THIRD LIFT, LIFT.
5,6 and 7 lift the carriage and load it on tho carriage mule;
 46

5 and 6 key up tlie axletree clips, strap up, and secure the
dragropes.
1 and 2 support the axle ; 3 and 4 remove the wheels,
replace linch pins and washers, load the wheels on the wheel
and axlo mule, and strap up.
1 and 2 load the axlo on the wheel and axle mule ; 1 straps
up.
8 and 9 load the sight box on the carriago mule and strap
up.
5 and 6 place the dragropes on the carriage mule.
6 and 7 replace the tools in the pioneer rack and secure
the rack on the section pioneer mule.
8 and 9 load up the empty ammunition boxes.
At the order from 1 “ Cover off, march,” each subsection
forms the order of march and proceeds independently to the
position of assembly.

Right, Leit or Rear limber up.

The mules face in the required direction on forming the
order of march.

38. TO CEASE FIRING (“DRAUGHT”).

Section commander.
“...section—Empty guns, Cease firing."
The spades are cleared and the handspikes removed.
The trails are brought together ; 2‘places and keys up the
travelling lock.
1 brings up the shafts and draught bar.
3 removes tho sights and places them in the sight box.
4 brings in the aiming posts if ordered.
4, 5, 6 and 7 remove the shields.
 47

39. TO LIMBER UP (“ DRAUGHT ”).

Front limber up.
Section commander.
“ ...section —Front limber up."
2 carries the trails round through a halt circle to tho
right,
2 and 3 connect tho shafts and draught bar to the trails
and lower them to the ground.
The draught mules come up on tho off side of the muzzle,
passing close to tho off gun wheel, and stop into position
with the wheel mule between tho shafts.
2 and 3 raise the shafts and attach them to the draught
harness.
1 loads up the aiming posts and handspikes on the wheel
mule; 2 and 3 load up the sight box; 4, 5, 6 and 7 load
up the shields.
The remaining stores and ammunition aro loaded as at
'• Pack.”
2 and 3 hook dragropes to the drag washers and man
them.
The subsection forms up in order of march.

Right limber up.

2 carries the trails round through a quarter of a circle to
the right.
Lett limber up.
2 carries tho trails round through a quarter of a circle to
tho left.
 48

Rear limber up.

The trails are not moved.
In each case the procedure is the same as in front limber
up.
40. CASUALTIES TO DETACHMENTS.
Men sent up to replace casualties report to their section
commanders, who order such changes of duties as they
consider necessary.
Casualties are replaced as follows:—
Section commander By the senior No. 1 of the
section.
1. . . . . . . . . By a named successor
(usually 9).
With four men... 4 performs the duties of 4
and 5.
With threo men 1 performs the duties of 1
and 2, 4 the duties of
4 and 5.

41. CASUALTIES TO EQUIPMENT.

(i) Sight clinometer.

Lay by means of the field clinometer if no sp;\ro sight
clinometer is available.
(ii) Elevation indicator.
Lay by means of the field clinometer,
(iii) Dial sight.
Lay by means of the No. 10 dial sight if no spare No. 7
dial sight is available.
 49

(iv) Wheels.

If a gun wheel is damaged, turn it at once so that the

soundest portion bears the weight of the gun. Replace it
by a spare wheel as soon as possible.
(v) Mules.

If a mule is easualtied at the gun position, the following

signals will bo used to order up the relief:—
Relief wheel and axle ... Letter A repeated.
,, carriage ... „ B „
,, pivot . . . . . . . . . C „
,, cradle . . . . . ... ,, D ,,
,, slipper . . . . . . . . . E „
,, trail . . . . . ... „ E „
,, chaso . . . . G ,
,, breech . . . . . - „ H
Sparc . . . . . . . . . . . . . K „
42. DISABLEMENT.
The extent of disablement ordered will depend on the
time available and the probability of recapture.
To disable the gun so that it can be brought into action imme­
diately after recapture: Remove the breech mechanism,
unscrew the junction nut and remove the wrench junc­
tion nut.
To disable the gun so that it can be brought into action after
repair : Bring the trails together ; remove the elevating
arc and fire a round with full charge by means of the
lanyard.
To destroy the gun: Place an H.E. Bhell in the muzzle ; load
with H.E. and full charge; fire the gun by means of a
 50

long lanyard from under cover. A length of telephone

cable attached to tho lanyard is suitable for the purpose.
Note.—The dial sight and clinometers should always be
removed and taken away before abandoning a gun.

43. BLANK AMMUNITION.

(i) No officer, non-commissioned officer or gunner who has
not been trained and passed in gun drill is to command a
section or form part of a gun detachment firing blank ammu­
nition at salutes or at training.
(ii) When firing Q.F. blank cartridges no gun is to be
re-loaded within 15 seconds after firing. Even after this
interval, no gun is to be re-loaded until 1 has examined
the chamber and bore and removed any debris remaining
from the previous round.
(iii) In the event of a missfiro, a further attempt should
bo made to fire tho gun in its turn. In no case must the
breech be opened for at least one minute with black powder
and 10 minutes with smokeless charges. No one must be
in rear of the breech when it is opened. In firing salutes
an officer or senior non-commissioned officer should be
detailed for the special duty of timing the interval after a
missfiro and informing 1 of that gun when the breech may
bo opened.
(iv) As a further safeguard, 1 is responsible that the charge
is properly home in tho case before the round is loaded.
This can bo dono by pressing down the leather-board cup
on the point of a trail handspike, a small mark being made
under local arrangements on each handspike to indicate
when the charge is in its correct position.
 61

CHAPTER III.—LAYING AND FUZE

■ SETTING TESTS.

1. In every battery there should be at least six qualified

layers per subsection, exclusive of serjeants and Ianee-
serjeants. A list of layers should be kept. All layers, section
commanders, serjeants and lance-serjeants should be tested
periodically.
2. All officers and ISos. 1 must be thoroughly conversant
with:—
(i) The tests for and care of sighting gear and sights.
(ii) The methods of obtaining parallel lines of fire.
(iii) The application of gun corrections.
3. Layers will be tested by means of two tests : Test A will
consist of four lays indirect, test B of two lays direct.
4. A maximum of 20 marks will be given for each lay in
test A, and 10 marks for each lay in test B. In order to
qualify a layer must obtain 76 marks.
6. The examiner should bo assisted by an officer or senior
non-commissioned officer with a stop-watch and record book,
and by a penciller who will take down all orders given, for
reference when checking the lay.
C. When laying indirect, three or more aiming points should
be selected to the rear and on either flank, if possible, and
made known to all concerned.
 52

7. Before beginning the tests at least five targets will bo

selected in the foreground at varying ranges and angles of
sight, and covering a front of about 25 degrees; except in
the ease of targets representing guns, these should be natural
features of the ground. If it bo necessary to use dummies,
they should be placed in positions such as the troops which
they represent would naturally occupy on service. A refer­
ence point, approximately in the centro of the target zone,
will be pointed out to the No. 1 and to the layer; targets
will be indicated with reference to this point by means of
the clock code.
8. When laying direct on any target (other than a gun
target) which extends over a fairly wide frontage, great
exactitude in direction will not be required as regards the
point originally selected to lay upon, which may be any­
where in that portion of the target opposite to the gun
being laid. Any subsequent lay on the same target must,
however, be on the same point as the first.
9. The orders for the lay must be given out by the examiner
clearly and distinctly, a short pause (about two or threo
seconds) being made after each separate order, thus: “All
guns, 20 degs. right”—pause—“All guns, 15 mins, more
right "—pause—“Angle of sight, 1 deg. 20 mins, elevation”
—pause—“ 4200.”
All orders will be acknowledged by the No. 1 and acted
on at once. Should the layer at any time be in doubt as
to a particular order, he will refer to the No. 1, who may
repeat to him any part of the order received. The No. 1
may, in turn, refer to the examiner.
10. After ohecking a lay, the examiner will elevate the
gun about 15 minutes.
 53

11. The times allowed for each lay are as follows:—

Test A. 1 Test B.
I

Lay 1. Lay 2. Lay 3. Lay 4. Lay 5. Lay 0.

1' 15* O' 40" 0' SO' 1' 05' 1' 00' 0' 25'

The layer will call out “ Ready ” as soon as he has finished

laying tho gun. The time will be taken from the conclusion
of the orders for the lay until the word “ Ready ” from tho
layer.
12. One mark will be deducted —
(i) For every five seconds or fraction of-five seconds
boyond the time laid down for the particular
lay.
(ii) If the traversing gear is not within 4 degrees of
zero in lays 1 and 5.
(iii) For each mistake in tho manipulation of the sighting
gear or in the drill of the layer as laid down.
13. Two marks will be deducted:—
If the angle of sight has not been taken correctly when
laying direct.
14 Ten marks will be deducted:—
If the aiming posts are not planted in line.
15. No marks will bp given for the lay:—
(1) If the sight is incorrectly set.
(ii) When laying indirect, if tho gun is not correctly laid
for elevation and direction.
 64

(iii) When laying direct, if the gun is not laid for eleva­
tion within 3 minutes or for direction within 6
minutes.
(iv) If the bubble of the cross level is not wholly
visible.

EXAMPLES OF TESTS.
Laying tests.
The gun is placed on a firm platform. The examiner
sets the elevation indicator at about 3,000 yards and the
remaining scales at zero.

Test A (indirect).
Orders. Procedure.
Lay 1.
“ Aiming point,...” The procedure will be ns
“ All guns, 90 degs. 10 mins, laid down under “ To lay the
right.” gun in the line of fire.”
The battery picket nnd
auxiliary aiming point read­
ings will be chalked up after
3 has reported “ Ready."

“ Aiming posts front.” The procedure will bo as

laid down under “ To plant
aiming posts.”
Timo for this part of the
lay. is not taken.
 55

Orders. Procedure.
Lay 2.
“ Charge, two." The procedure will be as
" All guns, 1 deg. 10 mins, laid down under “ To lay
more fight." the gun.”
“ Angle of sight, 1 deg. 20
mins, elevation."
“ 2400.”

Lay 3.
“ Represent No. 2 gun in The procedure will bo as
action." laid down under “ To change
“ Change target." target ” and “ To lay the
“ Charge five." gun.” <
“ All guns, 2 degs. 15 mins,
more left."
“ Concentrate 20 mins, on
No. 1.”
“ Angle of sight, 10 mins.
depression."
“5275.”

Lay 4.

“ Change target." The procedure will bo as

“ All guns, 31 degs. right of laid down under “ To change
zero lines." target ” and “ To lay tiie
“ Clinometer laying." gun.”
“ 30 degs. 30 mins."
 60

Test B (direct).
The reference point is described before orders are given.
Lay 5. Orders. Procedure.
“ Represent No. 3 gun in The procedure will be as
' action.’’ laid down under “To lay
"Infantry lining hedgerow; the gun.”
4 o’clock, 3 degs. to 5 The bubble of the sight
degs." clinometer will be brought to
“ Charge one.” the centre of its run after
“ Direct laying dial sight.”’ reporting “ Ready.”
“1200.”
The examiner will put on a deflection and note the
reading.
Lay 6.
“ All guns, 40 mins, more The gun will be re-laid on
left.” the same point of tho target
“ 1600.’* as in Lay 5.
The deflection ordered will
be such as will enable the
layer to lay by means of
the traversing gear.
Fuze setting test.
Orders. Procedure
' Charge four.” The competitor will set
' Corrector 162, 4700.' the fuze indicator at the cor­
rector and elevation ordered
and will set six fuzes at tho
graduation shown on the fuze
indicator.
Time, 1 minute.
 57

CHAPTER IV.—SIGHT TESTS.

Tho field clinometer, sight clinometer and elevation

indicator should be tested daily and after prolonged firing.
The alignment tests should bo carried out as often ns
possible.
The remaining test (cross levelling gear) should bo carried
out when required by a qualified artificer. This test is
given in the Handbook.
Any adjustment to optical instruments must be carried
out by a qualified artificer.

Test 1.—To test the field clinometer.

Set tho clinometer at zero ; place it on the clinometer
plane and elevate or depress the gun until tho bubble is
in tho centre of its run; then turn the clinometer end for
end. If the bubble is still in tho centre of its run, the clino­
meter is in adjustment.
If the bubble is not in the centre of its run, bring it so
by moving the slider or, if necessary, the arm and slider.
One half of the net reading is the index error of the clino­
meter.
If tho bubble cannot bo brought to tho centre of its run
by this method, tho error of tho clinometer may be deter­
mined by comparison with a clinometer of known error.
To eliminate an error, the clinometer must be adjusted
 58

by a qualified artificer. This adjustment is given in the

Handbook.

Test 2.—To test and adjust the sight clinometer.

With the sight clinometer bracket horizontal and the
sight clinometer reading zero, the bubble of the sight clino­
meter should be in the centre of its run.
Place the sight clinometer, set at zero, in its bracket
and bring the bubble to the centre of its run by the elevating
handwheel. Reverse the sight clinometer end for end ;
the bubble should still be in the centre of its run.
If the bubble is not in the centro, bring it so by turning
the micrometer head. Noto the reading and set the micro­
meter scales to half this reading. Bring the bubble to the
centre of its run by the elevating handwheel. Slacken the
nuts securing the micrometer scales and the screws securing
the reader of the degreo scale; shift the micrometer scales
and reader to zero and re-clamp.

Test 3.—To test and adjust the elevation indicator.

With the sight clinometer reading zero and the bubble
in the centro of its run, the elevation indicator should read
the elevation at which the gun is laid.
Place a shell in the chamber to take up play in the elevating
gear; cross level the sight and set the sight clinometer at
zero; lay the gun at .20 degrees elevation with a field
clinometer; bring tho bubble of the sight clinometer, to
the centre of its run by the elevation indicator handwheel.
The elevation indicator should read 20 degrees.
If the elevation indicator does not read 20 degrees, slacken
the screws securing the retaining plate, revolve tho skin
until it reads 20 degreos and re-clamp. -
 59

Alignment tests.
Before beginning these tests the following preparations
should be made :—
(i) Place the carriage on a firm platform and manipulate
it until it is level transversely (see iv).
(ii) Select a well-defined object at least 1,500 yards distant
on which to lay.
(iii) If this distant object cannot be found, set up the
target testing sights (see diagram) about 50 yards in front
(or in rear) of the gun at right angles to the axis of the
bore.
(iv) II the carriage cannot bo levelled transversely, the
top of the dial sight carrier and the target testing sights
should be sloped to the same angle as the carriage.
(v) Remove the striker and fix cross wires at the muzzle
of the gun.
(vi) bet the elevation indicator and the cowl, dial plate
and micrometer scales of the dial sight at zero.

Note.—In practice, tests 4 and 5 are carried out simul­

taneously.

Test 4.—To test and adjust the dial sight for line.
The line of sight through the dial sight should be parallel
to the axis of the bore as regards line.
Lay the bore on the distant object for line by the elevating
handwheel and the traversing gear, using the inter­
section of the cross wires as a foresight and the hole in the
firing-hole bush as a hind sight. The line of sight through
the dial sight should bo on the distant object. When
 TARGETTESTING SIGHTS

BD IO AR UE S OI FG GH UT N. .
 61

using the target testing sights lay the bore on point B ;

the dial sight should bo on point D.
If the dial sight is not in alignment, turn the micrometer
heads of the dial sight until the line of sight is correct,
slacken the screws securing the reader of the dial plate
and the nuts of the micrometers, shift the reader and micro­
meter scales to zero and re-clamp.

Test 5.—To test and adjust the dial sight lor elevation.
The line of sight through the dial sight should be parallel
to the axis of the bore as regards elevation when the elevation
indicator is at zero.
Lay the boro on the distant object for elevation by tbo
elevating handwheel. The line of sight through the dial
sight should be on the distant object. ■ When using the target
testing sights lay the bore on point B ; the dial sight should
be on point D.
If the dial sight is not in alignment revolve the milled
head at the top of the sight until the line of sight is correct,
slacken the nut securing the micrometer collar, revolve the
latter to zero and re-clamp.

Note.—After adjusting the micrometer collar of the cowl

of the dial sight the arrow on tho view finder will not be oppo­
site zero; if confusion is likely to arise* this arrow should be
erased and a new one scribed opposite the zero mark.
 62

CHAPTER V.—CARE OF EQUIPMENT.

1. CLEANING AND OILING.
Limber gunners should be intelligent and reliable men.
The slippers should be kept clean and oiled, and main­
tained in good working order; all working surfaces should
bo well lubricated and kept free from paint.
The bore should bo kept clean and lightly greased. After
firing, it should be scrubbed out with caustic soda and hot
water (one pound to a gallon), using the piasaba brush.
When dry it should be lightly greased with mineral jelly.
No gritty substance, such as sand paper or bath brick,
should be used for cleaning working surfaces.
All spare parts should be used periodically to ensure that
they are in working order.
When travelling in draught tho axletree should be greased
every second hour, and the shaft sockets kept well lubricated.
. Heads of lubricators should be kept free from paint.
' ' List of lubricators.

Fitting to be lubricated. No. Where situated.

Slipper . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 on each side.

Band, cradle cap. . . . . . . . . i On top.
lt.II. pivot cap squaro i On inside.
Elevating arc . . . . . . . . . i On left side.
Aro elevating, oscillating bracket i Oscillating bracket.
Nut, traversing screw i Above the left axletree.
Bearing, traversing screw... i Above tho left axletree.
Pipe box, wheel . . . . . . . . . o One on each pipe box.
Elevating gear . . . . . . . . . 7 Case, elevating gear.
Breech screw and pintle of carrier 1 On top of breech screw.
Breech mechanism lever ... ] On top of carrier.
 63

2. THE DIAL SIGHT AND CARRIER.

i. The No. 7 dial sight.
The dial sight when issued is in correct adjustment,
watertight, and with all the cells and joints secured with
fixing screws.
It is very unlikely that the interior will require cleaning,
and the dial sight must on no account be taken to pieces
except by a person in possession of an Ordnance College
certificate stating that he is cdmpetent to do so.
Tho body of the dial sight should be cleaned with a clean
soft cloth and a little oil, which must be rubbed oil after­
wards, care being taken that the glass is not touched. No
gritty substance should bo used.
The exteriors of eye lens and window Bhould be cleaned
with chamois leather specially kept for tho purpose. Great
care must be taken that no oil or grease is allowed to touch
tho glasses. Fingers, though apparently clean and dry,
leave marks on the lens which will impair tho definition
of the sight.
When not in use the dial sight should be kept in tho
sight box.

ii. The No. 6 carrier.

If the sight is loose in the bracket it maybe due to:—
(a) The clamping screw head working out of its recess,
' making it impossible to clamp up. Tho remedy is to press
tho head into tho recess and clamp.
(b) The bracket being worn or strained, owing to working
the sight about when taking it out of the bracket or over­
straining tho clamping lever. In this case a clamp to com­
press tho bracket should be fitted if available; if not, one
 04

side of the bracket should be tapped lightly and evenly

with a hammer by an artificer, with the clamping screw
loosened.

3. THE BREECH MECHANISM.

l
i. General precautions. v
The breech mechanism should be dismantled periodically
in order that it may be thoroughly cleaned.
The threads of the breech screw should be free from
burrs ; these may bo removed by careful filing by on artificer,
but no portion of the thread should be cut away to remove
a crack.
The breech should be kept covered up, when possible,
to provent dust and grit getting into the breech fittings.

i. To dismantle the breech mechanism:—

Beforo removing the mechanism the breech must bo
opened and the breech mechanism swung into the loading
position.
Firing mechanism cover and firing lever.—Withdraw the
firing lover axis pin and remove the firing mechanism cover
and firing lever with spring.
Striker.—Pull the striker to the rear by means of the
thumb pieco on tho striker cap until tho projection on the
cap is clear of the recess in the striker guide bush ; revolve
the striker about ono sixth of a turn to the right, and
withdraw it to the rear.
Breech mechanism lever.—Remove the spring keep pin of
the breech mechanism lever axis pin ; withdraw the axis pin,
and remove the* breech mechanism lever.
Breech screw and retaining catch.—Press in the breech
 65

screw retaining catch clear of the recess in the screw and

unscrew the latter to the right from the carrier. Withdraw
the retaining catch.
Trigger sear.—Remove the trigger sear axis pin and with­
draw the trigger scar and spring.
Carrier.—Turn tho carrier so that the feather on the upper
side of the hinge joint corresponds with the featherway in
the breech ring, and withdraw the carrier in an upward
direction.
Extractor.—Remove tho extractor axis pin and withdraw
the extractor from the breech opening.

ill. To assemble the breech mechanism:—

Tho breech mechanism is assembled in the reverse order.
When inserting the breech screw in the carrier, care must
be taken before beginning to screw in to hold the breech
screw square against the face of the earner, tho retaining
catch being pressed in clear of the screw while the latter is
being revolved.

iv. To dismantle tho striker:—

Remove the striker from the breech mechanism. Unscrew
the striker cap to the left from the striker body, and remove
the trigger and main spring from the interior of tho striker.
Unscrew the firing pin retaining nut, and remove the firing
pin.

v. To assemble the striker:—

The striker is assembled in the reverse order.
 66

vi. To test the protrusion of the striker :—

Open the breech, press in the retaining catch and turn
the breech screw to the locked position by means of the
breech mechanism lever. Remove tho striker as detailed
above, and dismantle the cap, -trigger and main spring.
Place the striker body in the guide bush, turn one-sixth
of a turn to the loft, press forward to the fired position,
and retain while No. 1 gauge is applied. The protrusion
should not exceed 'll inch nor be less than -0!) inch.
Care should be taken to see that there are no burrs or
dirt present to give an incorrect protrusion.
4. RECUPERATOR AND BUFFER.
General precautions,
i. Before firing —
Caro should bo taken to see that tho recuperator and
buffer are correctly charged, that there is no abnormal
leakage at the stuffing boxes, that the nut securing howitzer
is correctly locked, that the piston rod and ram arc firmly
nutted up to the front cradlo cap, and that the cut-off gear
is in adjustment.
It is necessary to strain the oil before charging the
recuperator or buffer.
During severe weather recuperators and buffers should be
protected as much os possible from the cold.
Recuperator and buffer cylinders should be washed out
with paraffin or hot water to remove grit as opportunities
offer.
Any operations for the replacement of worn or defective
parts which necessitate emptying the recoil system should
be oarried out only under qualified supervision.
 67

ii. In action

Fault. Cause. Remedy.

Excessive length Worn piston or recoil valve. Replace.

of recoil. Cut-off gear out of adjust* Adjust by means of the
ment. sleeve.
•
Violent recoil ... Loss of liquid from buffer Replenish.
cylinder.
Loss , of pressure Pump up pressure.

Qun fails to run Loss of pressure . . . . . Pump up pressure, if

out. necessary refilling
with liquid.

Gun runs out Loss of pressure Pump up pressure.

sluggishly. Excessive friction in the Clean and lubricate.
slipper guides.
Excessive friction in the Repack the stuffing-
stuffing-boxes. boxes.
Bent piston rod or recuper- Replace or straighten
ator ram. » the bent rod.

Gun runs out Throttle valve not working Replace spring, throttle
violently. correctly. valve.

iii. When guns are resting'in action:—

Cool the bore. Allow air to escape from the buffer.
Replenish the buffer. Tighten packings if necessary. Test
the air pressure after the gun has cooled.

5. THE RECUPERATOR,
i. General precautions ;—
, Before the front cradle cap is removed, the gun must
be secured to the cradle so as to prevent it slipping back.
 08

If the cradle cap is to be left off for a long time, the elevating
handwheel should be taken off.

ii. To charge the recuperator with liquid:—

Secure tho gun to the cradle. Discharge any pressure in
the air chamber by removing plug B and opening the by-pass
valve C. Removo plug A.
Pour in exactly 6J pints of buffer oil through hole A.
Replace plugs A and B, close valve C, and rock the cradle
so as to free any air lock.
Level the cradle longitudinally and transversely with a
clinometer. Remove plugs A and B, and fully open valve C.
Allow any excess liquid to overflow from hole B. Replace
plugs A and B, and close valve C.
Care should be taken to sec that the recuperator is cor­
rectly charged, as too much oil will cause serious damage
and put the gun out of action.

iii. To charge the recuperator with air:—

Before charging the recuperator with air it is important
to see that the securing collar is in the correct position on
the recuperator ram, In order to prevent the ram from
being forced out to the real* when under pressure.
Attach the air pump to the bracket on tho right trail.
Place the cradle at Ml depression. Remove plug B and
attach the adapter and pressuro gauge; connect the pump
pipe to the adapter. Open tho by-pass valve C and pump
until the gauge registers 610 lbs. per sq. in. Close valve C,
disconnect the pipe from the adapter, and place the cap on
the adapter. Let the pressure down slowly to 600 lbs. per
sq. in. by opening valve C slightly and slacking back the
cap on the adaptor.
 G9

When the pressure reads 600, close valve C, remove the

adapter with pressure gauge and replace plug B.
When charging by air bottle care must be taken to open
the cock gradually to avoid damage to the gauge.

iv. To test the air pressure ;■—

Place the cradle at full depression.
Remove plug B and attach the adapter and pressure
gauge. Blank the outer end of the adapter with the cap.
Open valve C and the gauge should register 600 lbs. per
sq. in.
If the pressure is correct, close valve C, remove the
adapter and gauge, and replace plug B. If the pressure is
not correct, closo valvo C, connect up the air pump, and
malco up tho pressure to 600 lbs.

v. To replenish air pressure lost by leakage :—

Proceed as for charging tho recuperator with air, but,
before opening valve C to admit air to the recuperator, pump
the pressure in the pipe up to 600 lbs. per sq. in.
If the air pressure falls-below 376 lbs., discharge tho air
pressure and check the amount of liquid in the recuperator
by levelling the cradle, removing plugs A and B, and opening
valvo C.

vi. To empty the recuperator:—

Secure tho gun to the cradle, disconnect the piston rod
and recuperator ram, and remove the front cradle cap.
Discharge the air pressure by removing plug B and opening
valve C. Remove the securing collar, recuperator stuffing-
box, throttle valve and spring, and run off the oil. Rock
 70

the cradle up and down to ensure the complete emptying of

the reservoir and recuperator cylinder.

vii. To renew the packing in the recuperator gland

and the L rubber in the recuperator stuffing box:—
These operations are similar to those in Section 0 (iv)
and (v) below, except that the air must be discharged before
removing the securing collar from the ram.

6. THE BUFFER.
. To fill the buffer
. Place the cradlo at full depression.
Remove the filling hole plugs D and E at the rear end
of the buffer cylinder. Pour oil into hole E until it overflows
at hole D. Replace plugs D and E. About 2J pints of oil
are required to fill the buffer.

ii. To empty the buffer:—

Secure the gun to the cradlo and take off the front cradlo
cap.
Withdraw the bevel segment from the piston rod, remove
the pin coupling the actuating rod to the cut-off lever, and
turn back the bevel segment.
Unscrew the stuffing box, depress the cradle, and run the
oil off into suitable vessels.

iii. To tighten the gland:—

Pull the spring plunger looking tho glands to the front.
Insert a tommy through tho liolo in the cradle cap into
ono of the holes in tho gland and tighten tho gland. Carfe
 71

should be taken not to tighten the packing more than is

necessary to prevent leakage.

iv. To renew the packing in the huifer gland:—

Elevate the gun to a convenient position, secure it to
the cradle, and remove the piston rod and ram nuts. Remove
the cradle cap and disconnect the cut-oil gear.
Remove the spring plunger and unscrew the gland ring
and gland. Insert a supplementary packing. Replace the
gland ring and gland, and reassemble.

v. To renew the Z, rubber in the stuffing box :—

Elevate the gun to a convenient position, secure it to
the cradle and remove the piston rod and ram nuts. Remove
the cradle cap and disconnect the cut-off gear. Remove the
spring plunger and unscrew tho stuffing box together with
the defective packing. Renew the packing. Replace the
stuffing box and spring plunger, reassemble, and refill the
buffer.

7. THE AIR PUMP.

Before starting work an external examination should bo
made to see that the pump is clean and serviceable.
When assembling, care must be taken to see that all
parts are clean and well lubricated. Working parts will
require further lubrication during pumping.
To obtain the best results it is essential to employ a full
stroko in working the pump, from stop to stop.
When charging a system it is best to continue without a
stop until the desibed pressure is reached, changing the nien
if fatigued. If a stop is unavoidable, note the prossuro and
 72

closo valve C. Beforo continuing, pump the pressure in

the pipe up to the pressure noted before opening valve C.
If there is any falling off in the working pressure, examine
the valves. If gritty, the valves and springs should be
removed and cleaned. If necessary, valves should be lightly
ground in and coated with thin oil. If this does not improve
the efficiency of the pump, the piston should be removed and
the rings examined and tried in the cylinders. If the spring
of these rings has been destroyed, they must be changed.
The pump must be replaced in its box immediately after
use.
The pump should be worked a few strokes daily to ensure
that tho packings are kept under pressure.

i
 73

APPENDIX.

CARRIAGE OF STORES,

i. Loads.
Wheel and axle mult.
Saddlory, &o. lbs. 98
1 axlctree... 98
2 wheels ... 132
2 aiming posts ft 2

lbs. 330

Carriage mule.
Saddlery, &o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lbs. 100
t Carriage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
68
Pillar supporting No. 10 dial sight ... 3
Elevating aro (in pocket on oarrioge) ... 6
Wrench junction nut (ditto) . . . . . 6
Firing lever (in sight box) . . . . . 10
1 pair of dragropes . . . . . . . . . 4

lbs. 348

Pitot mule.
Saddlery, *c. . . . . . . . . . . Ibs. 100
Pivot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *» 109
Breech mechanism in Dox . . . . . *» 60
Traversing gear. . . . . . . . . . . . . t» 11
Cover, pivot . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
lbs. 271
 74

Cradle mule.
Saddlery, &o. ... lbs. 86
Cradle . . . . . „ 240
2 porter bars ... 12
Cover, eradle

lbs. 339

Slipper mule.
Saddlery, to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lbs. 04
Slipper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 04
4 shields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, 130

lbs. 318

Trail mule.
Saddlery, to. lbs. 102
Air pump and fittings ... 25
2 trails ..C ...
2 spades . . . . . . . . .
... 101
30
2 mallets ... ... ... 20
2 handspikes . . . . . 41
Travelling look . . . . . 81
Box, spate parts and tools io|

lbs. 301$

Chaee mule.
Saddlery, Ao. lbs. 83
Chase 214
Chose lifter „ 8
1 ohaso bearer
Cover, chase
.... 8
1
lbs. 314
 76

Bruch mult.
Saddlery, &c. ... ... ... ... ... . . Jbs. 83
Breech . . . . 217
Cradle lock ... ,, 4
Breech lifter »
1 breech bearer ... ... ,, 8
Cover, breech 2
lbs. 32.1

Ammunition mule.
Saddlery, &c. ... lbs. 33
2 ammunition boxes 260
1 pauIin . . . . . 10

lbs. 353

Pioneer mule.
Saddlery, &c. ... ... ... ... ... ... lbs. 85
2 pioneer racks ... «.♦ ,, 200
1 orowbar. . . . . ••• n 12
1 pauIin and strap 10

lbs. 313

aVicfoechcn stores pannier mule*

Saddlery, &c. . . . . . . . . . . . ... lbs. 83
2 panniers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 190
1 pauIin and strap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, 12

lbs. 285

ii. Stores oarried in sight box.

Bracket, oscillating, No. 7 dial sight. . . . . . . . . l
Carrier, No. 7 dial sight. No. 8 1
Clinometer, sight, Mark I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Sight, dial, No. 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Sight, dial. No. 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Firing lever ... ... ... ... ... ... 1
 76

iii. Stores carried in subsection stores pannier.

Boxes, candle, F.S. ... . . . . . . . ... ••• ... 1
Lanterns, tent, folding. . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 1
Chaguls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... (per seotion) 1
Hammers, claw, 24-oz. . . . . . . ... ... .4. 1
Pincers, carpenters* . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 1
Screwdrivers, G.S. 4-inch (1 extra por seotion) 1
Spanners, adjustable, 11-inch. . . . . 1
Cordage, whito, 14-inch (8 fathom length) ... (per section) 1
,, tarred, 1-inch (8 feet length).#* 1
Linns, H&mbro* . . . . . . ... ,, 1
,, white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Dubbing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . lbs. 3
Plaster of Paris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (per battery) ozs. 4
Soap, yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bars 9
Lamps, hurricane I
Cloth, sponge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 6
Cotton waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07.S. 4
Flannelette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yds. 6
Tow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lbs. 4
Box, spare springs, washers, &c., No. 1 1
Cans, lubricating. No. 3... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
m 11 No. 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 1
8yringc, extracting liquid . . . . . 1
Tool, withdrawing split pins . . . . . ... ... 1
Clinometers, field, Mark V (in box) ... 1
Springs, clinometer sight, spiral ... ... 1
Keys, fuze No. 34 . . . . . ... ... ... ... 1
„ „ No. 53 . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 0
Lanyard, firing, No. 27 . . . . . 2
Pins, linch, 3rd olass . . . . . . . . . ... (per section) 1
Washer, drag, 3rd olass... . . . . . ... (per battery) 1
Hammer, lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Box, small stores . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 1
Various springs, screws, pins and washers (see Handbook).

iv, Stores carried in box, spare parts and tools.

In box.
Drift, No, 11, Mark I. . . . . . . . . ... 4 .. 444 >44 1
Screwdriver, Q.F. 3'7-inoh howitzer... ... ... . . . 1
 77

Spanners, Nos. 300 to 815 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . each 1

Spanner, adjusting sights, No. 8, Mark I. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Tommy, No. 43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Tool, withdrawing rings, supporting packing . . . . . . . . . 2
,, adjusting gland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Wrench, breech mechanism, No. 80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
» .. .. No. 03. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
In pxkel.
Bush, firing hole... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Fin, firing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Sorew, fixing catch, B.M. lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Spring, B.S. retaining catoh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
,, catch, B.M. lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
,, firing lever axis pin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
,, main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
,, trigger scar •9

v. Stores carried in pioneer rack.

Billhooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #
Banderoles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Cordage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . icct 4
Axes, felling, with helves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Hammers, uphand, 7-lb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Hand axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Pickaxes, with helves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Reaping hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Shovels, G.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Printed under the authority of His Majesty's Htationeily Office,
By HASBIS05 AND 8053/18t. Martin’* Lane, Xxmdon, W.C. 2.
Printers In Ordinary to His Majetty.
 M1LITAHY B00K8tpulluhtdby Authority—
(Ab to prices iu brackets, see top of pago'8,)
Guns. Handbooks for
9‘2-inch B.L. llowltzor. Marks 1 and II. 1920., 3s, (2s. 2d.
8-jneh B.L. Howitzer, Marks VI-VIIl. -(/n.tAepreu)
0-inch B.L. 2d Cwt. Howitzer. Mark I. 3*. (2#. 4d.)
- 2*76-inch B.L, Mule Equipment. . (fn the press)
00-pr. ILL. Marks II and II*. (in the press)
18 pr. Q.F. and Carriages. -Field. (In the press)
18-pr. Q.F., Mark IV. ' (.Inthepress)
Stokes 3-inch Trench Mortar, MX. Land Service. 1910. 1*. 0d. (1#. 2d.)
Historical Reconds of the British Army
HorseGuarris. 6s. (3s.7rf.)
Dragoon Guards, 3rd and 7th. Each 4s. (3s.)
Dragoons, 1st, 3rd, 14th, and 10th, Each 4s, (3s.)
Do. 13th. 3s. (2i.3d.)
. Marine Corps. 3s, (2s. 2d.)
Foot, 8th, 10th, 11th, lath, 16th, 10th, iTth, 18th, 19th, 21st, 22nd, 3«fch,
39th, 40th, 63rd, 07th, 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, 8tith, 87th, and
92nd. Each 4s. (3s.) ,
Do. 50th, 01st, 7Uth, and 88th. Each 3s. (2s. 3d.)
Histories, Short, of the Territorial Regiments of the British
Army. 07 numbers, each Id. (Id.) In one volume, fit. (3s. 9d.)
Do. The Scots Guards. Id. (Id.) •
Do. The 0th (ftmiskilling) Dragoons. (Out of print). Id. (Id.)
Do. Revised Editions. Id. (Id.) each:—
Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own The Northamptonshire Regiment,
(Yorkshire Regiment). The Oxfordshire and Buckingham*
The Bedfordshire Regiment. ' shire Light Infantry.
The Slack Watch (Royal Highlanders). The Prince of Wales's Leinster
The Cameroniana (Scottish Rifles). Regiment (Royal Canadians).
The Cheshire Regiment. f The Prince of Wales’s Own (West
The Duke of Cornwall's Light In­ Yorkshire Regiment).
fantry. The Prince of Wales’s Volunteers
The Duke of Wellington’s West (South Lancashire Regiment).
Riding Regiment. The Princess Charlotte of Wales’s
The Durham Light Infantry. (The Royal Berkshire Regiment).
The East Lancashire Regiment. The Princess Louise’s Argyll and
The East Surrey Regiment. Sutherland Highlanders.
The Hampshire Regiment. , The Queen's (Royal West Surrey
The Highland Light Infantry. Regiment).
The King's Own (Royal Lancaster The lloyal Itmiskllling Fusiliers.
Regiment). The Royal Sussex Regiment.
The King's Own Scottish Borderers.The Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
The Lancashire Fusiliers. The South Staffordshire Regiment,
The Leicestershire Regiment. The Suffolk Regiment.
The Loyal North Lancashire ltegl* The Welsh Regiment.
raent. . . • The Worcestershire Regiment.
Horses. Army. Notes on the Feeding, Management, and Issue of. March
1910. Id. (id.) See also AfriMAt. Management.
Hospitals. Military Families*. Nursing Staff Regulations. Dec. 1909. Id.
(Id.) See also Nursing Service and TKitnrroRiAti Force. *
Hostilities without Declaration of War from 1700 to 1870, 2s*
(D.7d.)
 - MILITARY BOOKS, published by AutKority—continued,
(As to prices in brackets, see top of page 2.)
Hygiene. Elementary Military. Manual of* 1912. 6rf. (orf.) i
A'«e p/so Physiology and Schools. < 4
Indian Empire. The. A Short Review and some Hints for the use ol ;
8oldlt*rs proceeding to India, 6rf. (•<</.) . ■
Infantry Training.(4-CompanyOrganization.) 1914. {Reprinted 1916,).
W. (6rf«) .
Do, Amendments, July, Aug. 1916 s Dee. 1918. Bach lit
' (Irf.)'
Injuries ahd Diseases of War. Manual bused ,on experience of tin
. present Campaign in Franco. 1 Jan. 1918. 9rf. (8rf.)
Institutes. Garrison and Regimental.Utiles for the Management ol.,
1916. Id. (Irf.) i
Italian Cavalry Training Regulations^ 1911. Training for Marches,
Tactics of Minor Units, and Training of Patrols.. Translated. 4rf. (3rf.)
JAmaica. Standing Orders. 1912. Is. (Prf.)
Jersey. Royal Militia of the Island of, Regulations. 19141 With
the Jersey Militia Law, 35K)6. ls,3rf» (llrf.)
King’s Regulations and Orders for the Army. 1P12. (Reprinted
, . with Amendments published In Army Orders up to Aug. 1,1914). (ReprinUa.
1918.) is. 6rf. (1*. 2rf,1; Amendmentspublished In Army Orders between ?
Sept. 1, 1914 and Aug. 1, 1916. hi. (Irf.); Amendments published In
Army Orders between Sept. 1, 1916 and March 1, 1918. Irf, (lrf.); Ditto,.
March'1920. 3rf. (3rfd; Ditto, April 1920, lrf. (Irf.); Ditto, May 192a
lrf. (lrf.)
Kit Plates:-
Artillery. Royal:— .i
6, Garrison. Kit laid out for Inspection. 1009. 2<f, (2rf.) ? '1
10. Do. Kit In Barrack Room; 1909, 2di (2d.) _ ?
Cavalry. 189!. Irf. (lrf.)
Engineers. Royal:— J
1. Dismounted. Detail of Shelf and Bedding, with Marching Order,
ready to put on. Detail of Shelf and Bedding, with Drill Order-
ready to put on. 1914. lrf. (lrf.)
2. Dismounted. Full Kit laid out for. Inspection In Barrack Roott1/
~ 1914. lrf. (lrf.) y
4. Mounted N.C.O. or Driver and Field Troop Sapper. Full Kit laid
out for Inspection In Barrack Room. 1910. la. (lrf.) *
6. Mounted. Detail of Shelf and Bedding. 1910. lrf. (lrf.) £
6. Driver, with pair of Horses. Field Kit laid out for Inspection on
Parade, Including Articles carried in Valise on Baggage Wagon-'
1899. lrf. (Irf.)
Infantry. Highland. 1884./lrf. (lrf») . .
Medical Corps. Royal Army. Kit in Barrack Room. 1912. arf. (3rf.)'
Ordnance Corps. Army. For Guidance at Marching Order and KH
Inspections. 2d. (2d.) 4 . .j
Large Formations. The Operations of. (Condnlte des Grandes Unlttfs.)
Translated from the Field Service Regulations of the French Army, dated-
Oct. 28, 1913. 6rf. (Srf.) - ^
LftW» Military, Manual of. 1914. (Reprinted 1917.) 3a.flrf. (2s. lOrf.)
Do., Amendments, May.1919.- lrf. (lrf.) . _ , * V
‘ : ■ ■ : (14U ■ : . v' ■" i
 milTAliY Xo'okSt ymuhtd by Authority—continued.

(As to prices In brackets, see top of page 2.)

Machine-Gun Company Training::
. rv. 1917. Provisional. To be read
Infantry. i In Conjunction with Infantry
Training and Musketry Kegulations. fid. (5d.)
Machine Guns and Small Arms, ‘303-inch. Nomenclature of Parts,
Stripping, Assembling, Action, Jams, Missfires, Failures, and Inspection of.
Hevised Kdition. 1917. fid. (fid.) . " 1
Magazines and Care *of War Materiel. Hegulatlons for. 1913;
(lleprinted with Amemlmenfca published In Army Orders up to March 31,
1917b Is. fid. (\s. 2d.) . . . • '
Malaria, Observations on, by Medical Officers of the Army and
Others. (With. J Hates and Diagrams.) 1920. Os. («lf.f>d.) .
Mapping* from Air Photographs. 4». (2s. lid.)
Map Reading- and Field Sketching1. Manual. 1912, (Tleprinted,
with Additions, 3914). Is. (Urf.) See also PnoTKAdroR.
Medical Corps. Royal Army. See also Territorial Foiicist—
Admission to. IcegulaMons for. Jan. 1912, Id, 0d.)
Standing* Orders. .1914. \s. (iod.) * .
Do. Supplement. 1920. 2d, (2d,)- ■,■•••* *
1_ Bo. Amendment. July.,1920. Id, (Id.) ' f
Training*. 1911* 9d. (9d.)
Medical Department., Army. Index to Appendices of lleporbs from
1859 to 1899. 3d. (3d.) , . ; * v
Medical Diseases in the Tropical and Sub-Troploal War Areas. Sea Diseases.
Medical Service, Army:— ‘
Regulations. 190fi. (Heprlnted, with Amendments up to Sept. 30,1914).
id. (5d.) ' -
Do. Amendment, Dec. 1910. Uevlsed Appendix No. 61. Scale
of Medical and Surgical Equipment for Units la the*
Field. Id. (Id.)
Medical Service, Strategical and Tactical Employment of the,
as carried out in an Army Corps s with a.serles of Problems. Translated
from the Austrian, is. fid. (3s. id.)
Medical Services. Army. Adyisoty Board for. The Treatment of
Venereal Disease ana Scabies, first Heport. 1904. Is. (If.3d.);
Second lteport.. 1905. 2s. (ls.fid.) ; Third Heport. 1905. U. (lod.) *, Final
lleport. 1000 (oat of print), * ■
Medioal Services of Foreign Armies, Handbook of. Fart 1. Francs*
0d, (6d.) •, Fart U, Germany. 0d. (fid.); Fart 1U, Aust-Rta-Uu n g any. , .
6d. (Od.)j Fart IV. ItussU. fid. (fid.); Fart V. Italy, fid. (fid.); Part-VI.'
* Tub Netherlands and Belgium. 1911. fid. (6d.)
Mekometer Handbook. I9il. fid. (fid.)
Mesopotamia* Impressions of. By Sir J. Ilewett, G.C.S.J,, R.O.B, 1920.
■ ■ 9d. (8d.)
Do. Iteporton. By Sir J. Ilewett, G.C.9.I., K.C.B. (ITt’tA Map.)
1919. If. fid. (lf.Rd.) r .
Military and other Terms. See Schools. r "
Military Lands Acts. 1892 to 1903. Byelaws. See ARfiLLRitr and Rim 3
Barges Act, Ac. . ,
Min© Rescue Work on the Western Front* be. (3s. 7d.)
MountedTroops(Diyislonal)Training. Junel915. Provisional. Id. (Id.)
(15)
sj i MILITARY BOOKSipuWUhedby AutAoWty—continued. -

(Aa to prices In brackets, see top of page 3.)

Musketry Regulationsr v
Parti, 1909. (Reprinted, with Amendments, 1914). 04. (74.)
Do. Amendments, Nov. 1916. 14. (14.)
- Do, Amendments, July 1910 Bnfteld 1914 Pattern Rifle. 14. (14.)
■ i Do. Addendum, July 1910. Handbook of the Bnileld 19X4 Pattern
Y ’303-inch Magazine Hifle. Id. (Id.)
Do. , Addendum No. 2, Deo. 1910. Hotchkiss Hun and Lewis Hun
Courses. Id. (Id.)
Do. Addendum No. 6, Bayonet Training. ' (Inthepreat)
Do. Addendum No. 0, Feb. 1920. Light duns (Lewis and Hotchkiss
* • Guns) and Table L (Provisional), 1920. 2d, (2d.) ^
Do. " Do. Appendix A. id. (Id.)
Do. Addendum No. 7, April 1920. Musketry Courses (Provisional),
1920. , Tables A, B atid C; Amendments to Chap. VI. 2d. (2«.)
Do. and Vickers’ Machine-Gun Handbook. Amendments, June 1910.
Range Tables for Vickers' Guns for Mark VII, Ammunition,
• Id. (Id.) /
Part II. ltlfle Ranges and Musketry Appliances. 1910, (Reprinted, with
1 . Amendments to Oct. 31, 1914). 4d. (44.)
; ' Do. Addendum No. 3, Dec. 1918. Inst ructional Course for Webley Pistol,
With Appendix—Notes on Pistol Shootiug. 2d. (2d.)
Do. Addendum No. 4, April 1917. Annual General Musketry Course,
/ and Musketry Course for Transport Workers’ Battalions. 14, (Id.)
See also Macuine Gun Company Training.
Night Operations. lSlementary Training in. 1911. 14. (ld.J
Number-of Troops to the Yard in the Principal Battles since 1850.
Memo. on. With opinions of Modern Authorities on limits of extension at
the present day. 1884. 94. (7d.)
Nursing' Servloe. Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military, Regulations
for Admission to the. 1916. id. (Id.)'
See also Hospitals and Territorial Pones.
Officers Died in the Great War, 1914-19. Roll of. Part I, Old and
New Armies. Part II, Territorial Force. 7*. 0d. (6s. 64.)
Officers Training* Corps :—
Regulations, 1912. (Ueprluted>\vith Amendments to Aprill916). 24. (24.)
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, Special A. O, March 10,1908. (Out ofprint)
Junior Division. Instructions for the Annual Camps. 1913. 2d. (2d.)
Report on the Examination for Certificate “A” held In March,
1920, for Cadets of the Junior and Senior Division. Is. (lid.)
Optics. Notes on. - ’ (0uf of print)
, Orange Free State Topographioal Survey, 1905-1911, Report on
the. 10*. (7s.) . . .
Ordnance College. a?so Artillery College i—
Advanced Classes. Reports on:—
Up to the 33rd. l£ach Is. (94.)
34th. 64. ‘ (6d.) i •
35th. 1*. (104.)
Artificers. Military. Handbook for. 10th Edition, 1915. 94. (94.)
Dynamics. Notes on. Second Bditlon. 3s. (2s. 6d.)
(m> ' -Y . :
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Ordnance Courses, Reports on j—
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17th. 9d. (7d.)
'■ 18th. It. fid. (It. 2d.) •
... '* 19th. It. 6rf, (It. 2d.)
Regulations. 1907. ad, (2d.
Ordnance Corps. Army. Standing Orders. 1912. (Reprinted, with
Amendments, 1917). 6d. (fid.) *•'...
Ordnance Manual (War). 1914. fid. (fid.)
Ordnance Service. Treatise on. Seventh Edition. 1908. With volume o!
plates. 7*. fid. (fit. fid.); Amendments. June 1909, Dec. 1910, Dec. 1912.
Each Id. (Id.); l)o., Dec. 1909, Dec. 1911. Each 2d. (2d.)
Ordnance Services. Army. Regulations.
Bart 1. 1912. (Reprinted, with Amendments up to July 1,1916). fid, (7d.)
Bo. Amendments, Jan. 1018. Appendix XII. Extract from the Regula-
.tlons for Magazines, Ac. Id. (Id.) .
Do. Amendments, Jan. 1918. Appendix XX. Id. (Id.)
- Do. Sept. 1920. Id. (Id.) . .> '
Bart II. 1914. Instructions for Laboratories and Laboratory Operations.
Examination of Explosives and Ordnance. 1914. (Reprinted
~ with Amendments published in Army Orders up to and
including Dec. 1, 1916), Is. fid. (Is. 3d.)
Do. {separately)*, Amendments, Dec. 1916. (Including Appendices XI.,
XI v. and XV,, as amended Jn the Regulations). 2d, (2d.)
Do. Amendments* Aug., Oct. 1917. Each Id. (Id.)
Pathological Specimens In the Museum of the Army Medical Depart­
ment, Netley. Descriptive Catalogue of. Third Edition. Yol.I. By Sir
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Pay, Appointment, Promotion, and Non-Effective Pay of the
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Ac., published in Army Orders between Dec. 1, 1914, and Aug. 1, 1918.
9d. (Pd.)
Pay Duties of Officers Commanding Squadrons, Batteries, Companies, Ac.
instructions. (Revised for the period of the War). 1, Home and Colonies.
II. Ill the Fiold. June 1918. 2d. (2d.) ’ See also TttRlUTORtAL Force.
Pay for Soldiers. Increase of. Royal Warrant, Dec. 3,1917. With the
; Army Council's Instructions thereon, and with Amendments to the
Separation Allowance Regulations—-Family Allowance. (Special Army
Order, Dec. 4,1917), Id; (Id.)
See alio Family Allowance and Separation Allowance. .
Bay of Offloers and Allowance for Officers’ Children. Royal Warrant,
Jan. 25, lyi» • with the Army Council's Instructions thereou, and Regula-
tioiig. (Special Army Order, Jan. 2fi. 1918), Id, (Id.)
Physical Training. Manual of. (Reprint 1908 with Amendments
published in Army Orders to Doc. 1,1914). 9d. (9d.)
Physiology, Elementary, in its relation to Hygiene. Feb. 1919. 2<f. (2<L)
See alto Uyoiene and Scitools.
Place-names occurring on Eorelgn Maps, Rules for the Translitera­
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 , MILITARY BOOKS, published by -<4u(Acndy—continued.
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Portable Sub-target (Mark I), and IIow to Use it. 1911. (Reprinted, with
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Postal Services. Army. Manual..of. War. 1913. • (Reprinted, - with
Amendments, 1915). 3d. (3d.) ’ ,
Projection, &o, Linear Perspective. A Text Book for use of the R.M.
Academy. Parti.—Text. 'PartII.—Plates. 1904. 6*. (4«. 6d.) ■' ,
Promotion of Lieutenants of the Army Veterinary Corps,
Special Reserve, and Territorial Force,, See Field Allowance.
Protractor. Service. For use in Map Heading Classes. Id. (Id.)
See also Mai* Reaping.
Publications (Recent) of military Interest. List of. Quarterly.
Nos. I to 8 (except 1, 8, 6 and 6, out of print), 2d. (2<f.) each ; Nos. 9 to 17, id.
(4d.) each. Continued by The Army Review. •»
Railway Distances, Ireland. Handbook of. Third Edition. 1884. Is. 6d.
(6s. 3d.)
Railway manual (War). 1911. (Reprinted, with Amendments, 1914).
Gd. (5d.)
Railways, Military. Reconnaissances and Survey of, Notes\>n. For
Officers of R.E. Hallway Companies. 1910. 2s, 3d.
Range-Finder Handbooks ^ .
/Infantry No. 1. (Marimlin). 1913. 3d. (3d.)
Do. No. 2. (Barr and Stroud). 31'5-tnches Ease. 1916. 6d. (6d.)
Ranges, miniature Cartridge. {Iteprinted from The Army Review,
January, 1914). 3d. (3d.) .
Rangetakers. Instructions for the Training of, with the Artillery Range-
Under. Id. (Id.) •-
Ranging. Examples of. See Artillery, Training, Field.
Rations. Army. Their Bearing on the Efficiency, of tho Soldier, By
1). NoSl- Paton, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Physiology, .University of
' Glasgow. 3d. (3d.).
Recruiting for the Regular Army and the/ Special Reserve.
Regulations. 1912. (Reprinted, with Amendments to Aug. 31, 1914). 3d.
; (3d.)
' Do. 1920. \ . * ■ ■ {In the press)
Recruits’Table Card. (Provisional.) Sept. 1920. 6d. (6d.)
Remount Regulations, 1913. 3d.: (3d.)
Reserve, See also Special Reserve and Territorial Force t—
Army Reserve, ClaBsI. Regulations. 1911. Id. (Id.)
Do. Amendments, June 1913. Id. (Id.)
National Reserve. Regulations. 1913. Provisional. Id. (Id.)
Review of New Orders, Decorations and Gallantry medals, <fco.
(Revised, Nov. 1920.) 3d. (4d.) «
Rifle. Enfield 1014 Pattern. Musketry Regulations, parti.
Rifle. Ross Magazine ‘303-inch, Mark Ills, llandltook of the. 1915.
(Reprinted, with Amendments, 1917). Id. (Id.) s,
Rifles, &o. Cleaning of. Notes on the. 1911, 25 for 0d. (7d.)
Rifles, Short and Charger-loading, Magazine, Lee-Etrfleld,
Handbook for Serjeant Instructors of Special Reserve, Officers Training
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•■'(3d.). . ,
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Medical and Sanitary Reports from Officers attached to the Japanese
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■■ ■ *,. ' , * x".. .. '.(18) .* / v,, >.■. v
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'(Is. 3d.) \ Part II. From the Battle of the Ya-lu to Llao-yaug, exclusive.
1908. 6r.( (3s. 8d.h Part HI. The Siege of Port Arthur. 1909.
v (8s. 4d.); Part IV. Liao-yang. 1910. 4s. (3».>; Part V. Sha-Ho..
1011. is, 6d. <3*.6d.)
; Official History (Naval and Military). Vol. I. To Aug. 24, 1904. With
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Vol. HI. , (fnthepress)
Reports from British Officers attached to the Japanese mul itussian
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r Salisbury Plain. Southern Command. Standing Orders applicable
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Troops Quartered at liulford and Tldworth. 11M3. (Keprinted, with Amend*
• ments, 191c). 3d. (3d.)
Sanitation In its application to Military Life. Manual of. 3d, (id.)
Scabies. See Mkmcjj, SanviCB,
Schools. Army.*—
Annual Reports on.^, 1911-12; 1912-13, Faoh is. (9d.)
- Military and othe* Terms, and Words which Occur lu Orders.
Lists of. 1914. - (lie-printed 1918.) 3d.' (3d.)
Physiology* Klemeutary. Handbook.. 1901. Id. (Id.)
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SchoolHygiene. Handbookof. ForTeachers. tfd.‘ (ftd.)
6'ceawoHvatKNK; Physiology; «?ui(a6oft!)Piiv'siOLooY.
Singing in. liegulations for Teaching. 1911. Id, (\d.)
Standing Orders for Inspectors, Kxaminers, ami Teachers. 1910. 0d,
(M.} ■ ■ *
Scouts,? Training,And Use of. Lecture by Col. F. p. Carter. 1906. 2d.v
(2d.) . 1- -
Screws. Standard Leading. Provision of, for Screw-cutting Lathe®.
Keport of Committee. 1906. U, (lOd.)
Separation Allowance* Allotments of Pay. and Family Allow­
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See also Family Au.q\yaxcH and Pay rou Soldi kiw.
, Service Corps. Army:— •
* Regimental Standing Orders. 1911. ~ (Out of print)
- Do, Amendments. Id,(ld,)j A,S.O.Memorandum,No,26. id. (Id.)
Training, Parti. 1909. (Keprint«l,wilhAmendmont8,l9l6). 9d. (9d.) .
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Do.. ; Partlll. Transport. 191k - (lleprlnted, with Amendments
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DO. P.rt XT’. Mecli.nk.1 Transport. {Out of print)
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Sevastopol. Sleore of. 1864-65. * 3 volt., with Case o( Maps and Plans.
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Or separately ol. I. Engineer Operations. . £1 6s. * Vot. II. Do.
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Sewage. Practical Treatment of. The latest development of. 1903, 0d,
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Shoeburyness Garrison, Standing Orders. 1913. Is. 0d. (1*. Id.)
Siege Operations in the Campaign against France, 1870*71. (Pon Ticdt-
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Signal service. The Army, ld. (id.)
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Signal Training:—
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, Astronomical Calculations made in the Compulation Office of the
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Supply Manual (War). 1909. 8d, (8d.) , •
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Surveying. Topographical and Geographical. Text Book of.
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Valparaiso. The Capture of, In 1891. la. (lOd.)
Venereal Disease. See Medical Services. •
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Imperial House. Kinosway. London. W.c. 2. and 2N. ahim;don* Street,London, S.W. 1
3T, PETER STREET. MANCHESTER} 1. S 1’. ANDREW’S CRESCENT, CARDIFF;
’ or 120, UEOHOfl STREET, EUINRURUU.

1923.

G.D. 54. Price 0d. Net,

 2
0

0/

By Command'of the Army Council,

The War Office,

February, ] 023.

-4
 3

CONTENTS.

PAGE
General Instructions ... ... 3
Chapter I.—General Duties . . . . 5
„ II.—Gun Drill. . . . . . ... ... ... 20
„ III.—Laying and Fuze Setting. Tests... ... 57
„ IV.—Sight Tests. . . . . ... ... G3
1 „ V.—Care of Equipment . . . . . ... 08
Appendix—Carriage of Stores ... . . . . ... 81

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.
Practical instruction in the equipment should bo given
to each recruit before any attempt is made to instruct him
in gun drill. In teaching the duties of each man at the guns,
the instructor should try to impart the instruction by reason­
ing rather than by a long explanation in words. By means
of questions ho should try to draw from tho recruit tho
correct answers as to tho performance of his duties, being
careful to lead the man’s mind into the desired channel of
thought. Should this attempt fail, the instructor should
give a demonstration, emphasizing the points the recruit
has not grasped. Such demonstrations should deal with
the work of each number in the detachment; and all men
under instruction should, in turn, carry out tho work of eaoh
particular man.
 4

Instruction in gun drill should begin ns soon ns they arc

conversnnt with nil pnrts of the equipment, and can handlo
in the best and quickest manner each of the working parts
of the gun. Once the work of each man has' been thoroughly
mastered, it should not take long for the recruit to learn the
actual drill.
It is most important that a marked distinction should be
drawn between instruction and drill.
During the former the language used should be as simple
as possible, and the meaning of all technical terms which
are necessary must be carefully explained. A conversational
tone should be adopted, and under no circumstances what­
ever should anything in the nature of long quotations from
drill books be allowed. The men should be permitted to
assume an easy attitude, and their interest should not be
allowed to flag. They should be encouraged to ask questions.
At drill, on the contrary, rigid discipline must be main­
tained, orders must be clear and decisive, and the detach­
ments made to work steadily, smartly and rapidly. At the
same time the utmost accuracy is essential, and any
deviations from the methods laid down must at once be
chocked.
Nomenclature of loads.
The gun and carriago are divided into eight loads, which
are called by the following names:—
LOAD. DRILL BOOK NAME.
Trail, front part Carriage.
Wheel and axle Wheel and axle.
Pivot Pivot.
Recoil cradle Cradle.
Trail, rear part Trail.
Slipper Slipper.
Gun breech... Breech.
Gun chase ... Chase.
 6

CHAPTER I.—GENERAL DUTIES.

This chapter summarises the duties of the Section Com­

mander and each man in the detachment. It is only intended
as a guide for the instructor, who should use his own words
in explaining the various duties to the men.
The detachment is composed of nino men. The'service
of the gun is divided between them as follows:— ~
1 ... In command. •
2 ... The breech.
3 ... The sights.
4 ... The loading.
5 and 6 Tho ammunition.
7 and 8 The reserves
9 ... The coverer and second in command.
The duties of the section commander and each man are as
follows:—

DUTIES OF SECTION COMMANDER.

Note.—On service it may not always be possible for section
commanders to be with their sections in action, and it may be
inadvisable to withdraw a No. 1 from his gun to act as section
commander. In this case such of the following duties as affect
both guns will be performed by the O.P.O. (gun position officer)
and such as affect individual guns by the Nos. 1.
1. Ho COMMANDS his section and is responsible for the
serviceability of its EQUIPMENT and the correctness of its
drill. ,
(b 27/33)q a 2
 6

2. He places himself where he can best see and hear the

B.C. or G.P.O., and will only move about when necessary
for the supervision of his section. In ordinary circumstances
he should be on the flank of his section nearest the command
post.
3. He will acknowledge ORDERS from the command post
by saluting with the hand nearest the G.P.O., finishing with
the hand vertically above the head.
He only passes ORDERS when ho sees that his Nos. 1 or
the neighbouring section commander have failed to acknow­
ledge.
4. He supervises the* TESTING and ADJUSTMENT of
the sights of his section.
5. He keeps a RECORD of the MUZZLE VELOCITY
DROOP and JUMP of his guns and also of their ZERO LINE
READINGS to the AUXILIARY AIMING POINT and
BATTERY PICKET. He will not keep any records of-
orders during a shoot.
0. He reports the CREST ANGLES to the G.P.O. when
ordered to do so.
7. He is RESPONSIBLE that, before fire is opened on any
target, his guns are layed in the DIRECTION ORDERED.
This is best done not by inspection of the sights, but by
comparing the line of his two guns and the flank guns of the
neighbouring sections by looking along the line of each with
reference to Borne distant object either in front or rear.
8. He CONTROLS his section in action.
This control is best carried out by watching and listening
rather than by personal inspections of sights, etc., e.g., as
regards deflection corrections, observation of which hand is
 7

used by 3, will ensure deflections being put on in the correct

direction; as regards fuze setting, comparison of the fuze
lengths called out will expose any considerable error.
9. When his section is RANGING, if one gun miss-fires,
he will fire BOTH ELEVATIONS from the other gun, the
higher elevation first.
10. At BATTERY FIRil ho will report to the G.P.O.
when one of his guns MISSES ITS TURN.
11. Ho will report to the G.P.O. when either of his guns
goes OUT OF ACTION or when he finds that an ERROR
has been made which is likely to have AFFECTED THE
SHOOTING.
DUTIES OF 1.
1. He COMMANDS and is responsible for the entiro
service of his gun.
2. He gives the WORDS OF COMMAND detailed for
him in Chapter II, and repeats all ORDERS affecting his
detachment, which have not been heard by the men con­
cerned. His orders must be given clearly, but no louder
than is necessary to enable his detachment to hear.
He assists in passing orders down the battery when
necessary.
He acknowledges all orders by saluting. Ho will salute
with tho hand nearest the gun position officer, finishing with
the hand vertically above the head.
3. He is responsible:—
(i) That the BUFFER is properly filled, that there is no
leakage at the stuffing box, that the cradle lock
(nut securing howitzer) is locked, and that tho
piston rod is firmly nutted up to tho front cradle
cap.
 8

(ii) That the RECUPERATOR is correctly charged

with liquid and air, that there is no leakage at the
stuffing box or rear end of the liquid cylinder,
and that the ram is nutted up to the front cradle
cap.
(iii) That the ACTUATING GEAR of the piston rod is
properly assembled. >
(iv) That the PROTRUSION of the STRIKER is correct.
(v) That the SIGHTS are tested. This is done under
the supervision of the section commander.
(vi) That the MUZZLE VELOCITYof the gun is cor­
rectly set on the fuze indicator.
4. He selects the GUN PLATFORM, which should be on
firm and level ground. If this cannot be found and time
permits, the higher wheel is dug in.
5. He is responsible for the FIRING LEVER and BREECH
LIFTER.
6. With 3 he mounts the PIVOT. 3 puts the stem of the.
pivot into the opening for it in the axle, 1 turning the pivot
so that tho bracket for the elevating gear is to the right rear.
3 then turns tho connecting bar of the carriage till tho opening
in it is opposite the end of tho stem. 1 raises and lowers
the REAR END of the bracket for the elevating gear until
the pivot drops home into its place.
7. He ascertains, when ordered, the CREST ANGLE and
reports it to tho section commander.
8. He selects the auxiliary aiming point and records on the
slate the ZERO LINE angles from the auxiliary aiming point
and battery picket.
 0

9. Before the gun is layed on a NEW TARGET, if it is

necessary to move the trails, he gauges the line of fire and
directs the gun into the line.
10. (i) Ho applies :—
(а) The POSITION CORRECTION which, if required,
is ordered in the form “ POSITION CORREC­
TION. No. . . . . plus (or minus) . . . .
(yards),” and is applied to all elevations ordered,
but is cancelled when a fresh target is ordered.
(б) Corrections during fire for effect, which are ordered
in the form, “ No. . . . . add (or drop) . . . .
(yards).” These are cancelled when a fresh eleva­
tion is ordered.
(ii) When laying by field clinometer, he applies the INDEX
CORRECTION (if any) of his clinometer, and passes tho
corrected elevations to 2.
(iii) When time fuzes are issued for which there is no fuze
indicator, 1 will bo provided with a fuze correction board,
on which will be shown corrections to fuze lengths required
for gain or loss of the M.V. of the gun.
11. When an angle of sight is ordered, he examines the
setting of tho SIGHT CLINOMETER, and, when the charge
is ordered, he examines tho sotting of the elevation indicator
READER. He occasionally examines tho settings of tho
ELEVATION, FUZE INDICATORS and DIAL SIGHT.
12. He supervises the preparation and supply of AMMU­
NITION. As time fuzes deteriorate rapidly if unprotected
from damp, only such, as are required for immediate uso
will be uncovered. When one group of ammunition is nearly
expended, ho reports particulars of the next group to be
used.
 10

13. Ho supervizes LOADING and RAMS, kneeling on

the right and using both hands on the rammer.
The shell should be rammed home vigorously with a good
travel. The sound of the driving band engaging the rifling
should be -distinctly heard. Irregularity in ramming causes
irregular shooting, especially when the gun is worn. An
improperly rammed shell may slip back when the gun is
elevated and cause a premature.
He sees that the caps of the No. 100 fuzes have been
removed and occasionally examines the setting of time fuzes.
He sees that the correot charge is loaded.
14. He gives the order to FIRE. The gun will on no
account be fired without his order. Before giving this order
he sees that the gun is in all respects ready.
15. Ho is responsible that the INTERVAL between
rounds is properly kept as regards his own gun. When a
salvo or quick rate of. battery firo (less than 5 seconds:
interval) is ordered, he extends his right arm above his
head as soon as his gun.is. ready to fire.
10. If the firing lever on the carriage has been damaged
ho fires the gun by means of the LANYARD.
17. At intervals ho checks the LENGTH OP RECOIL.
He compares the elevation given by the recoil indicator
with the elevation on the elevation indicator.
18. He watches the action of the SPADES on recoil, and
adjusts their supports if necessary.
19. When RAPID or PROLONGED FIRING takes place
he takes every opportunity of attending to his equipment.
If the gun is hot, the boro should bo cooled with water when
“ Stand easy ” is ordered.
 11

DUTIES OF 2.
1. Ho works tlie JUNCTION NUT and BREECH
MECHANISM.
2. Ho is responsible for tho WRENCH JUNCTION NUT.
In assembling tho gun, when the breech and chase are
placed together, tho arrow on tho upper front of tho JUNC­
TION NUT must be opposite the arrow and word “ Enter ”
on tho stop ring.
As soon as tho breech and chase arc engaged, he revolves
the junction nut upwards with tho wrench and screws it
up tight. Tho arrow on the junction nut tnust then bo
between the arrows showing tho limits for wear on the stop
ring.
3. (i) To OPEN THE BREECH—
Ho takes hold of tho lever with tho left hand (pressing
the catch) and draws it smartly towards himself.
When tho gun is fired ho extends tho left arm,
ready to grasp tho breech mechanism lever as
tho gun is running out. As soon os the breech
is opened and the cartridge extracted, ho cases
tip tho breech mechanism lever so that tho ex­
tractor will allow tho next cartridge to be pressed
home by 4.
(ii) To CLOSE THE BREECH—
Ho swings tho breech screw smartly round into its
position in tho gun. Ho must on no account
use tho breech screw as a hammer to drive the
cartridge home.
4. Ho assists 3 to lay by looking along the FINDER of
tho DIAL SIGHT when the aiming point is to the left or
to the rear.
 12

5. When laying by FIELD CLINOMETER ho sets it at

the elevation ordered by 1. Ho sees that tho clinometer
plane and the base of the clinometer are free from grit and
dirt, and that tho clinometer is, placed on the positioning
marks of tho plane for •each lay.
6. He oils and cleans, the BREECH MECHANISM when
necessary during firing.

DUTIES OF 3:
1. He LAYS and FIRES the gun. He directs 4 when
planting AIMING POSTS. He assists 1 to test the SIGHTS.
2. Ho is responsible for the BREECH BEARER and
ELEVATING ARC.
3. As soon as the oharge is ordered he slides the READER
of the elevation indicator to the charge ordered and tightens
the clamping screw.
4. (i) He lays for LINE and ELEVATION. Ho lays
for lino on the left edge of the aiming point unless
otherwiso ordered.
(ii) At INDIRECT' LAYING with SIGHT CLINO­
METER he sets the dial sight and sight clinometer
at the angle ordered. He sets tho elevation
indicator at the elevation ordered by 1.
He elevates tho gun until tho bubble of the
sight clinometer runs to the front, and depresses
until tho bubble is nearly central. Ho lays
roughly for lino and cross levels the sight. He
lays accurately for line. Ho depresses the gun
until the bubble of the sight clinometer is in tho
centre of its run. He reports “ Ready.”
 13

(iii) At INDIRECT LAYING with FIELD CLINO-

METER he sets the dial sight and sight clinometer
at the angles ordered. He elevates the gun until
the bubble of the field clinometer runs to the front
and depresses until the bubble is nearly central.
He brings the bubble of the sight clinometer
central by means of the elevation indicator. Ho
lays roughly for line and cross levels the sight.
He lays accurately for line. He depresses the
gun until the bubble of the field clinometer is
in the centre of its run. Ho reports “ Ready.”

(iv) At DIRECT LAYING he sets the cowl of the No. 7

dial sight at zero. He sets the dial sight at the
deflection ordered. Ho sets the elevation indi­
cator at the elevation ordered. Ho lays roughly
for lino and elevation and cross levels the sight.
He lays accurately for lino and elevation.
If ordered to take the angle of sight he checks
his lay and levels the sight clinometer by the
micrometer head.

5. (i) When setting the dial sight by means of tho QUICK

RELEASE he moves the micrometer head through
one complete turn to ensure that the teeth have
re-engaged correctly.

(ii) When SETTING a right deflection on the dial sight

he turns the right micrometer head away from
’ himself with his right hand; when setting a left
deflection he turns the left micrometer head to­
wards himself with his left hand.
(B 27/33)Q A 3
 14

(iii) When READING a left angle on the dial plate he

reads the minutes off the left micrometer scale;
when reading a right angle ho reads the minutes
off the right micrometer scale.
(iv) When SETTING the SIGHT CLINOMETER he
turns the top of tho micrometer head to the left
last to take up backlash.
(v) When SETTING the COWL of the dial sight at
zero he makes the index marks both of the
milled head and the finder coincido.
(vi) When SETTING the ELEVATION INDICATOR
he turns the top of the elevation indicator hand-
wheel to the left last.
(vii) When LAYING for ELEVATION ho depresses last
(top of the hand-wheel to the left) with at least one
complete turn of the hand-wheel.
(viii) The normal positions of his HANDS arc as follows
Right hand on the traversing hand-wheel; Left
hand on the elevating hand-wheel.
0. For the first round, the pointer of the traversing gear
must bo within 4 degrees of zero when the lay is completed,
except when engaging G.F. or similar targets.
7. CROSSHEADS are fitted to aiming posts to compensate
for lateral movement of tho sight. Both crossheads have
similar markings and numbers. Ho notes which corre­
sponding pair of markings are in line and uses them to lay on.
He directs 4 to clamp crossheads low down, so that tho
bottom of the far one is just visible over tho top of the near
one.
 15

8. At CHANGE TARGET, if the angle is given as “ More

right (or left),” he turns the micrometer heads of the dial
sight through the angle ordered. If the angle is given from
zero line he sets the dial sight at the recorded zero line angle
and then turns the micrometer heads of the dial sight through
the angle ordered.
9. lie FIRES the gun. As soon as the gun is layed ha
places his right hand on the firing lever and reports “ Ready.”
At the order “ Fire ” ho pulls the lever with a steady pull
and straight to the rear, releases it immediately the gun has
fired, and replaces his hand on the traversing hand-wheel.
The gun will on no account he fired without the order from 1.
10. The following are signals used by 3 ;—
SIGNAL. MEANING.
(i) When directing 1 and 4 to move the trails:—
Palm of the hand in the Trails right (or left).
required direction.
Fist clenched. Stop traversing.
Smart tap on tho thigh Take post,
with the palm of the
hand. ■
(ii) When directing 4 to plant aiming posts :—
Right arm extended to the Move in the direction in­
right or left arm dicated.
extended to the left.
Arm dropped. Halt. '
Both arms dropped sharply Plant,
from above the head.
Upward or downward mo- Raise or lower the cross-
tion of tho arms, with head,
both arms extended later­
ally.
(b 27/33)q a 4
 16

Both arms extended above Move head of post in the

the head and moved direction indicated.
laterally in the required
direction.
Both arms extended sharp­ Pick up.
ly upwards.
Both arms extended to the Move to plant the far
front (or roar). aiming post.
Body turned about and Como in.
both arms extended to the
rear (or both arms ex­
tended to tho front).

DUTIES OP 4.
1. He LOADS and plants AIMING POSTS.
2. He is responsible for tho aiming posts and ono porter
bar.
3. He prepares AIMING POSTS with crossheads clamped
and placos them on tho left of tho gun.
When planting aiming posts ho holds tho post with the
arm bent and elbow against tho side at a convenient height,
so that it hangs vertically with tho point just clear of tho
ground. Ho moves to tho right or left as directed by 3, until
signalled to “ plant,” when ho allows tho post to slip through
tho fingers until tho point touches tho ground. He then
completes tho planting.
4. Ho LOADS. Ho receives a shell from 5, fuzo leading,
between tho right arm and body, and places it in tho chamber
so that the base of the shell is flush with the rear face of the
 17

broccli; he then receives a cartridge from 5, grasping it with

the thumb and little finger of the right hand round the case
near the rim, and after 1 has rammed presses it home with the
fingers on the base.
He receives another shell from 5 and holds it ready to load.*
If a chango of ammunition or fuze setting is ordered, ho
lays his shsll down and obtains another shell from 6. Ho
should bo prepared, if necessary, to re-set the fuze of tho
former round or to break tho wire and uncap No. 100 fuzes.

DUTIES OF 5 AND 6.
1. They prepare and supply AMMUNITION. 6 works
the FUZE INDICATOR.

2. They aro responsible for two dragropes, one porter bar,

the chase bearer, the muzzle lifter, and the pioneer rack.
3. They see that shell are :—
(i) Scrupulously CLEAN, especially the driving bands.
(ii) SORTED into groups by nature, weight, and fuze.
(iii) ISSUED from tho group ordered.
They will put on one side shell with burred driving
bands and with wire or seal of No. 100 fuzo broken, reporting
particulars to 1. When opportunity offers the burrs will be
removed under instructions from 1.
They seo that cartridges :—
(i) Have tho PRIMERS tightly screwed homo.
(ii) Are SORTED by nature of propellant and *' Group ”
number.

* \\Tcn a specified number of rounds have been fired (H.E- Fuze 1O01
the wire or seal of thjs round will ngt be broken,
 18

(iii) Are PROTECTED from extremes of temperaturo

and from damp.
(iv) Are PREPARED correctly; all sections bearing a
higher number than the charge ordered will be removed.
(v) Are ISSUED from the group ordered.
They will put on one side all cracked or dented cartridge
cases, reporting particulars to 1 to enable him to return the
defective cases.
4. When preparing ammunition with No. 100 FUZE, no
safety cap is to be removed, or the wire or seal broken, until
the round is about to bo loaded. On removing the cap they
examine each fuze to see that the tape is correctly wound and
that the ends of the shearing wire are visible. If a No. 100
fuzo has become uncapped or the wire and seal is found to
be broken, the fuze is to be regarded as dangerous and treated
■accordingly. A No. 100 fuze with w'ire or seal broken is on
no account to be replaced in an ammunition box or wagon.
5. When preparing SHRAPNEL they remove the fuze
covers. 6 follows up all orders for corrector and elevation
on the FUZE INDICATOR and calls out tho fuze setting
loud enough for tho section commander to hear. He always
uses the reader for following up the elevation and calls out
the highest-fuze setting visible to the. left of the. edge of tho
reader. 5 Sets fuzes with n fuze key to tho setting called by
6. Ho follows up tho settings as they are called, so that he
has always a round ready to bo fired. 6 assists 5 when ho
is not using the fuze indicator. They re-set each fuze accu­
rately at safety before replacing it in an ammunition box or
wagon.
0. 5 SUPPLIES ammunition to 4, passing the shell between
. 4’s right arm and body, with tho fuzo loading. He hands the
cartridge so that 4 can grasp it by the rim. ': 1
 19

Wlicn one group of ammunition is nearly expended, 6

REPORTS to 1 the particulars of tho next group.
7. In action, except when using No. 100 Fuze, they always
have six ROUNDS READY for loading. If firing is likely
to be continuous this number should bo increased.
When using Fuze 106, S will break the wire and uncap the
fuze just before supplying each shell to 4, up to the number
of rounds specified. In this way there should never be more
than two rounds with broken wires at the gun—tho round
“ loaded ” and the round “ ready.”
DUTIES OF 7 AND 8.
1. In “PACK” they assist in bringing tho gun into
ACTION and in LIMBERING UP. They are responsible
for two mallets, two handspikes, two spades and one porter
bar.
2. In ACTION, they remain at the wagon line.
3. They assist in tho SUPPLY of AMMUNITION and are
available to replace CASUALTIES.
DUTIES OF 9.
1. Ho is the COVERER, and SECOND IN COMMAND
of the subsection.
2. In “ PACK,” ho assists in bringing the gun into ACTION.
and in LIMBERING UP.
3. IN ACTION, he remains in the wagon line in charge of
the subsection.
THE DRIVERS.
They are primarily responsible for leading and controlling
their mules, but they should be prepared to assist, where
possible, the gunners in unstrapping and strapping up tho •
loads.
 20

CHAPTEK II.—GUN DEILL.

Artillery Training lays down the principles of battery

tactics, which vary little with different equipments. This
chapter details the orders given and the procedure by which
these orders are carried out in batteries armed with the
3'7-inch Q.F. Howitzer.
The procedure must be memorized and strictly adhered to.
The executive order is shown throughout as being given
by the section commander, as will normally be the case
during training, When orders can be heard throughout
the battery, they will be acted upon without repetition.
Instructors will invariably employ the orders detailed for
the section commander, even when drilling a single detach­
ment.

1. POSITIONS AT DETACHMENT FRONT

AND REAR.

The detachment falls in two deep, one pace between

ranks, 1 on the right of the front rank. 1 is not covered.
 21

When the gun is limbered up, the front rank is four paces
in front of the leading mule, 1 four yards to the right front.
When the gun is in action, the front rank is one pace in
rear of the spades, 1 covering the right gun wheel.

2. TO TELL OFF.

Section commander.

"...section—Tell off."
1 numbers himself 1, the right-hand man of the rear
rank 2, his front rank man 3 and so on.

3. TO CHANGE ROUND.

Section commander.

—Change round."
"...section
1 takes a pace to the rear with his right foot and a pace
to the left with his left foot. The left-hand man of the rear
rank takes a pace to the front. At the same time the
remainder of the front rank take a paco to the right and
the rear rank a paco to the left.
(The detachment is then again told off;)
4. POSITION OP MULES AND DETACHMENT IN
ORDER OF MARCH (“PACK”).
Diagram J.
. 0
||j Carnage

IV/iee/ and Ax/e.

©

\ Crad/c
©

\ 7rai/
3©

\ Chpjner
©
\ Breech
3©

Chase
©

Ammun/i/dn

2***Amm uni//on.
5. TO FORM ORDER OF MARCH FROM DETACH­
MENT FRONT.
Soction commander.
—Form order of march."
"...lection
1 orders, “ Left turn, double march.”
The detachment double to their places. 0 raises his right
hand above his head and drops it smartly; all the men
turn about. If on the move, the men turn about inde­
pendently.
>
6. TO FORM DETACHMENT FRONT FROM ORDER
OF MARCH.
Section commander.
—
“. ..section Detachment front."
1 doubles 4 yards to his right front and gives the order
“ No. . . , Double march.”
At the order from 1, tho remainder double to their pluces
by tho shortest way.

7. TO EXAMINE EQUIPMENT.
Examination of the assembled equipment will bo carried
out before leaving tho gun park. When in action, this pro­
cedure should be carried out at least once in every 24 hours,
and advantage should be taken of any interval to examino
and test equipment.
Soction commander.
“...section—Examine equipment."
Tho section commander supervises the testing of sights
and grouping of ammunition.
 24

1 sees that the bore is clear, that the gun, buffer and re­
cuperator are properly connected up and that the junction
nut is screwed up. He sees that the buffer is correctly filled,
and that there is no leakage from the glands.
He tests and adjusts the sights.
He tests protrusion of the striker, and generally supervises
the work of tho remainder of the detachment, satisfying
himself that sparo parts are interchangeable, small stores
complete, and the equipment is in all respects ready for
action.
2 examines tho junction nut, breech mechanism, and shield.
3 examines tho sights, elevation indicator, apparatus
illuminating sights, elevating, traversing and firing gears and
shield. He assists 1 to test and adjust the sights.
4 examines aiming posts.
6 examines fuze indicator and pioneer rack.
4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 see that the small stores are complete.
They examine tho ammunition and group it in ammunition
boxes or wagons as ordered.
The section commander may order that each “ load ” bo
placed on its mule. The men then examine tho load for which
they aro responsible, seeing that tho straps and bearings
fit correctly and that tho pins aro secured by their chains.
As soon as the examination is completed the detachment
form detachment rear.
1 collect3 reports, and reports to the section commander,
‘‘ JS'o. . . . . ready for action,” or otherwise.
 25

8. TO PREPARE FOR ACTION.

Preparation for action will be carried out before moving

into action.
Section commander.
"...section—Prepare for action.”
Each man examines the parts of the equipment for which
he is responsible.
1 supervises the work of the other men and satisfies himself
that the detachment and equipment are in all respects ready
for action.
Drivers unstrap ammunition boxes, unless otherwise
ordered.
As soon as ho has completed his duties, each man reports
to 1, and resumes his place. 1 then reports to his section
commander, “ No. . . . ready for action,” or otherwise.
As the battery approaches the position, 1 gives the order,
“ Advance for action,” 3 and 4 remove the linch pins and
washers and place them in their belts, 5 and 6 remove the
dragropes and place them over their shoulders, and the
detachment take up their places as at “First Lift, Prepare to
Lift.”

9. TO COME INTO ACTION ("PACK”).

Action front.
Section commander.
"...section —Actionfront.”
1 places himself so that lie can see when his leading mule
is in the required position. Ho then orders, “Halt—Action
front.”
 20

FIRST LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT.

The positions of the detachment are as follows•

1, 2, 3 and 4 at the wheel and axle mule, 1 and 4 in front:
1 and 2 unstrap the axle; 3 and 4 unstrap tlio wheels.
6, 6, 7, 8 and 9 at tho carriage mule, 5 and 6 in front;
5 and 6 unstrap the carriage ; 7 mans the rear of the carriage ;
8 and 9 unstrap the sight box.
The carriage mule halts 3 yards in front of tho gun platform
and reverses on the gun platform. The wheel and axle nude
halts on the gun platform as soon as tho loads are clear of
the saddle, it moves 3 yards to the right front of tho
platform and halts.
The remaining mules move to positions as follows, the
whole, except the carriage and trail mules, facing outwards :—
Pivot mule 3 yards to the right of the platform.
Cradle mulo 3 yards to the right rear.
Trail nude 3 yards to the rear.
Slipper mule 3 yards to the left rear.
Breech mule 3 yards to tho left.
Chase mulo 3 yards to tho left front.
The ammunition mules close up.
 27

Diagram It.
0

\ #

© “©

fcsittcm shor,n arc fAosc a/ter

the nAee/f ar/e, uv<J >'&/>£ Jk>a,
Aav* nerve***/.
FIRST LIFT, LIFT.
8 and 9 lift off the Bight box, place it on the ground on the
left of the platform, and go to the trail mule.
3 and 4 lift down the wheels ; 1 and 2 lift down the axle and
carry it to the centre of the platform ; 1 holds it ready for
the wheels, facing the front; 3 and 4 place the wheels on
the axle, and replace linch pins and washers.
5,6 and 7 lift down the carriage ; 5 and 6 unkey the axletrco
clips, and with 7 place the carriage on the axle; 5 and 6
close the clips ; 1 and 3 key up ; 6 and 7 carry tho legs over
to tho rear and remove tho keys from the ends of the legs.
5 and 6 place tho dragropes on the ground outside the wheels.
8 and 9 lift down tho trails and key them to the carriage,
tho lower lugs first. 6 and 7 raising tho legs.
4 takes tho aiming posts from the wheel and axle mulo
and puts them on the left of tho gun.
As soon as each mule is completely unloaded it proceeds
to the wagon lino under the direction of tho battery serjeant-
major.
At drill, wheeling outwards, they form up, with the carriage
mule 15 yards in roar of the gun, in “ Close Order ” as follows :
First rank.—Carriage, Wheel and Axle, Pivot, Cradle.
Second rank.—Chase, Breech, Slipper Trail.
Third rank.—The Ammunition Mules.
(The ranks are given in order from left to right.)

SECOND LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT,

1, 2 and 3 go to the pivot mule, 1 in rear, and 1 and 3
unstrap.
4, 5, 6 and 7 go to tho cradle mule, 6 and 7 nearer the plat­
form ; 5 and 6 unstrap tho cradle; 4 and 7 remove and
ship the porter bars.
8 and 9 go to the slipper’mule and unstrap-
 29.

Diagram 111,

A
m

CA W&
A

(B 27/33)q
 30

SECOND LIFT, LIFT.

1 and. 3 lift down the pivot, turn it over, and insert it in

the axle and connecting bar; 1 opens the pivot capsquares ;
2 removes and ships the traversing gear and removes the
breech mechanism box from tho pivot mule, laying it down
outsido the right wheel.

4,5,6 and 7 lift down the cradle and turn it as follows :—

5 and 7 place their ends of the porter bars on tho ground, 4
and 6 pass their ends over to 5 and 7, 4 and 6 man the ends
which are on tho ground ; 4,5,6 and 7 lift the cradle over tho
right wheel into tho trunnion holes on the pivot and shift
tho porter bars; 4 and 7 lay tho porter bars on the ground
outsido tho wheels ; 5 and 6 close and key up tho pivot cap-
squares.
8 and 9 lift down the slipper and slide it into position from
tho rear, 7 withdrawing tho koy scouring chase.

THIRD LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT.

1, 2 and 3 go to tho breech mule; 2 and 3 unstrap tho

breech; 3 unstraps and ships tho bcaror; 2 and 3 man tho
bearer; 1 mans the breech lifter.
4,5 and 6 go to tho chase mule ; 4 and 5 unstrap tho chase ;
6 unstraps and ships the bearer; 4 and 5 man tho bearer;
6 mans the muzzle lifter.
7 goes to the slipper mule and unstraps the shields.
8 and 9 go to the trail mule.
 Diagram IV.

+
I
I
I
I

rni j-T1_ -n,

CH BR SL

(b 27/33)q
/
a pTl,
3
r-ru
■y Af-tAt
 32

THIRD LIFT, LIFT.

1,2, and 3 lift down the breech ; 1 turns it over $1,2 and
3 place it in position from the rear, 3 removing the bearer
and laying it down outside the left wheel.
4, 5 and 6 lift down the chase and placo it in position from
the front, 5 removing the bearer and laying it down outsido
the right wheel; 6 looks the chase key, withdraws the'lifter
and lays it down outside the right wheel.
2 takes the wrench junction nut ffom its pocket on the
carriago; 4 presses tho chase and slipper to tho rear till the
junction nut is home; 2 screws up and places tho wrench
outsido the right wheel.
1 presses the breech forward and locks tho cradle lock,
withdraws the lifter and lays it down outside tho left wheel,
procures the firing lever from tho sight box and ships it.
2 ships tho breech mechanism.
3 arranges tho sight box, removes the oscillating bracket
and sights, and fixes them in position.
8 and 9 bring up spades, mallets and handspikes, and lay
them down by the trail legs.
4 ships tho handspikes and spades in their sockets.
5 and 7 lift down the shields and with 4 and 6 fix them in
position.
8 and 9 remove the ammunition boxes and place them
in one pilo on the left of the left trail, in rear of tho joint. A
second pilo is made on the left as soon as the 3rd and 4tli
ammunition mules come up.
6 and 7 remove one pioneer rack from the section pioneer
mule and lay it down near the gun.
Tho men take up their positions in action.
Action right, Action left, Action rear.
Tho gun is assembled in the required direction.
 33
10. POSITION OF STORES IN ACTION
(“ PACK ”).
Diagram V.
to $
n tv
J Aiming /osts.
1
HU to; ■if1"* n former Aar.
K j. Breech Bearer
I Breech Li/£er
CX2CK3302333) Brap PopS
- sw / * w -

wFm Wrench Junction Nut

, tirj'i Breech Box-.
<Us&^^Ora^ Nope.

. ( i .. Chase Bearer.
Chase liftrer
TT
PorAer Bar
 34
11. POSITION OF MULES AND DETACHMENT,
IN ORDER OF MARCH (“DRAUGHT").
Diagram VI.
©

©■

7,8 nnd 9 and the remaining mules march with tho first lino.
 35

12. TO COME INTO ACTION (“DRAUGHT ”).

Action front.
Section commander.
“...section—Action front.”
1 places himself so that ho can see when his gun is in the
required position. He then orders “Halt—Action front.”
2 and 3 jerk back on their dragropes, drop them and man
the trails. 2 mans the draught bar from the near side.
1 and 3 unpin the draught bar, 1 orders “ Drive on.”
The mules advance one yard, 2 supporting the shafts
with draught bar attached, wheel right about and move
three yards to the right rear of the trail. 2 lowers tho rear
end of tho shafts. 2 on the off side and the wheel driver on
tho near side, release tho front ends of tho shafts from the
harness.
2 removes tho aiming posts and handspikes.
1 and 3 carry the trails round through a half circle to tho
right, and unkey and removo the travelling lock. Tho trails
are separated.
3 procures and fixes tho sights ; 4, 6 and G procure tho
shields and fix them.
Tho remaining stores and ammunition are unloaded by
4, 5 and 6.
As soon as each mulo is completely unloaded it proceeds to
tho wagon lino under tho direction of tho battery sorjeant-
major.
Tho men take up their positions in action.

Action right, Action left, Action rear.

At “ Action right” the trails are carried round through a
quarter of a circle to tho left.
 30

At “ Action left ” the trails are carried round through a

quarter of a circle to the right.
At “ Action rear ” the trails are immediately lowered to
the ground.

13. POSITIONS IN ACTION.

1 kneels on the left knee clear of recoil to the right rear of
and facing the breech.
2 sits astride the right carriage leg, facing the breech.
3 is in rear of the sights, sitting on the left carriage leg or
kneeling inside it.
4 kneels on the right knee, clear of recoil, to the left of and
facing tho brccch.
5 and 6 kneel on tho left kneo in rear -of the ammunition,
facing tho front, 5 being tho nearer to the gun.
7, 8 and 9 remain with tho firing battery mules. At drill
they take post six yards in rear of their gun.

14. TO FORM DETACHMENT REAR IN ACTION.

.Section commander.
—Detachments rear.”
"...section
1 doubles to his place (one yard in rear of the spades and
covering the right gun wheel) and gives the order “No...,
Double march.” At the order from 1 the remainder double
to their places and halt,

15. TO TAKE POST FROM DETACHMENT REAR.

Section commander.
“...section—Take post.”
Tho detachment double to their positions in action.
 37

16. TO MOVE THE GUN WITH DRAGROPES.

Section commander.
“...section—With dragropes, prepare to advance
6 and 7 romovo tho wing shields.
1 and 4 bring tho trails together and 1 mans the hand­
spikes ; 2 and 3 hook dragropes to the dragwashers on their
own sides. The detachment (except 1) man tho ropes, even
numbers on the right side, odd numbers on tho left.
Section commander.
“...section—March."
The carriage is moved to tho front.
Sccti m commander.
“...section—Halt."
The carriage is halted and the detachment remain at their
posts.
Section commander.
—
“...section Detachments rear ” or “ Take Post."
2 and 3 replace the dragropes, 1 and 4 separate the trails,
4 and 5 return for the sidearms, 6 and 7 fix the wing shields,
and 6, 7, 8 and 9 return for tho sight, brooch mechanism and
ammunition boxes. When stores are re-arranged tho detach­
ment double to their, places and halt.

17. TO MOVE THE GUN WITHOUT DRAGROPES.

Section commander.
“...section—Without dragropes, prepare to advance."
1 and 4 bring tho trails together and 1 mans the hand­
spikes ; 2 and 3 man tho wheels in rear of tho shield ; 4 and
5 move the sidearms ; 6, 7, 8 and 9 move the sight, breech
mechanism and ammunition boxes.
 38
Section commander.
..section—March."
The carriago is moved to the front.
Section commander.
“...section—Halt."
The carriago is halted and the detachment remain at their
posts.
Section commander.
—
“...section Detachments rear ” or “ Take Post."
When stores are rearranged, the detachment double to
their places and halt.

18. TO OBTAIN THE LINE OP FIRE.

The line of fire is obtained by one of the methods described
in Artillery Training.
19. TO LAY THE GUN IN THE LINE OF FIRE.
Section commander.
“...section—Aiming point..., ...degs....mins, right (or left)."
1 orders “ Take post to lay.” 2 and 4 man the hand­
spikes in the trails.
1 gauges the line and directs them to traverse the gun as
required, ordering “Run up” if necessary. 2 and 4 drive in
the spades.
3 sets the dial sight at the angle ordered. Ho sets tho
sight clinometer at zero and tho elevation indicator at 20
degs., and brings tho bubblo of tho sight clinometer to tho
centre of its run by tho elevating hand-wheel, cross-levels and
lays for line.
1 points out the auxiliary aiming point and battery picket
to 3.
 39
As soon as time permits, 3 reports to 1 tho readings of the
dial sight from tho battery picket and auxiliary aiming
point; 1 records them on tho slate. Tho section commander
goes to his guns and takes a note of tho angles recorded.

20. TO ASCERTAIN THE LOWEST ELEVATION

AT WHICH THE TRAJECTORY WILL CLEAR
THE CREST.
Section commander.
“...section—Report crest angle.”
3 sots tho elevation indicator to zero:
1 lays tho gun just clear of tho crest by looking along tho
bottom of tho bore, ordering 3 to elovato or depress as required.
3 brings the bubblo of tho sight clinometer central by tho
micrometer head.
1 reports tho angle recorded on tho sight clinometer to the
section commandor, who passes it to tho gun position officer.
Tiio gun position officer adds to tho anglo reported tho
elevation duo to range to tho crest, and reports tho resultant
quadrant angle to tho battery commander.
Note.—Tho section commander should order tho correct
angle of sight to the gun, after crest anglo has been taken.
21. TO PLANT AIMING POSTS.
Section commander.
“...section—Aiming posts front (or rear).”
4 doubles out in front (or rear) of his gun with two aiming
posts and plants them as directed by 3 in line with the dial
sight set at zero (or 180 degrees). He plants the near post
first at about 50 yards from tho gun. Ho then plants tho
further post as far from the gun as possible up to about
100 yards,
 40

If the order “ Replant aiming posts ” is given, 4 doubles

out and, at the signal from 3, pulls up the posts, the further
one first, and replants them.

22. PARALLEL LINES TO A NAMED GUN.

Zero line method.
Section commander.
“...section (or No. . )—Parallel lines to No. . . Zero line
method."
3 of the named gun relays for lino.
1 of the named gun reports his anglo right or left of his zero
lino.
This angle is ordered to the other guns.

Aiming point method.

Section commander.
“...section (or No....)—Parallel lines to No....Aiming point-
method.”
The section commander indicates an aiming point.
3 of the namod gun relays for line, swings his dial sight on
to the aiming point, and 1 reports the reading.
This angle, corrected, if necessary, for parallelism is ordered
to tho other guns.
Director method.
Section commander.
“...section (or No....)—Parallel lines to No....—Director
method.”
3 of the named gun relays for lino, swings his dial sight on
to tho director and 1 reports the reading,
k Tho director is sot up accordingly and individual angles
are ordered to the other guns.
 41

Dial sight method.

Section commander.
—Parallel
"...section (or No....) lines to No....—Dia. sight
method.’'''
3 of tho named gun relays for line. Ho then swings his
dial sight on to the dial sight of each gun in turn.
1 reports these angles to his section commander, who passes
on their supplements to tho section commander concerned.
3 of each other gun sets his dial sight at the angle ordered
for his gun and lays on the dial sight of the named gun.

23. TO CHECK PARALLEL LINES.

Section commander.
—
"...section Check parallel lines to No....’’
3 sets the elevation indicator at 20 degrees and brings
tho bubblo to tho centre of its run and relays for lino.
3 of the named gun lays on the dial sight of each gun
in turn.
1 reports the angles to his section commander, who passes
them to the section commanders concerned.
3 of each other gun lays on the dial sight of the named
gun.
1 reports tho reading to his section commander, who
checks it with tho angle taken by the named gun. Tho sum
of the two angles should be 180 degrees. If necessary, he
corrects the zero line angles.

24. TO LOAD.
Percussion shrapnel.
Section commander
"...section—Shrapnel..., Charge..., ...Panging (or method of
fire)—Percussion.”
 42

1 repeats the ammunition order, and at tlio correct moment

orders “ Load.”
5 supplies a shell to 4.
4 sees that the fuze is set at safety and places the shell
in the chamber.
1 rams home.
4 receives the cartridge from 5, places it in tho chamber,
and receives another shell from 5.
2 closes the breech.
Time shrapnel.
Section commander.
“...section—Corrector..., charge.... Banging lor method of
fire).’’
“(Elevation...).”
1 repeats the ammunition order and at tho correct moment
orders “ Load.”
, 6 sets the fuze indicator and calls out the fuze setting.
5 sots tho fuze and supplies a shell to 4.
4 places tho shell in tho chamber.
1 rams home.
4 receives the cartridge from 5, and places it in the chamber.
2 closes the breech.
High explosive.
Section commander.
“...section—H.E., (fuze)..., charge..., ...ranging (dr method of
fire).”
1 repeats tho ammunition order, and at the corroot moment
orders “ Load.” .
6 uncaps the fuze (if necessary) and supplies a shell to 4.
4 places the shell in the chamber.
1 rams home.
4 receives the cartridge from 5, places it in tho chamber
and receives another shell from 5.
 43

2 closes the breech.

During ranging (except with “ time set ” fuzes) the gun
Will be reloaded as soon as it has been fired.
During ranging with “time set” fuzes the gun will bo
reloaded as soon as the time setting liaB been ordered.
At a method of fire the gun will not be loaded sooner than
is necessary to maintain the rate of fire.
After the first round :—
If there is no alteration in ammunition ordered, 1 only
orders “ load.”
If there is no alteration in ammunition ordered, 1 repeats tho
ammunition order for the first round only.
Note.—At drill tho rammer will be placed against tho
breech ring in the action of ramming homo; only wooden
shell and drill cartridges will be loaded.

25. TO LAY THE GUN.

On receipt of the charge 3 sets the reader of the elevation

Indicator and clamps it.

Indirect laying with eight clinometer.

Section commander.
"...section—,.,degs....mins. more right (or left),"
“ Angle of sight...degsi...mins, elevation (or depression),"
“ (Elevation)...”
1 applies the gun correction and position correction (if any)
and passes the corrected elevation to 3.
3 puts on the deflection and angle of sight and Eets tho
elevation indicator.
3 lays and reports “ Heady.”
 44

Indirect laying with Held clinometer.

Section commander.
“...section —Clinometer laying, ...degs....mins. more right (or
left).’'
“...Angle of sight, ...degs....mins. elevation (or depression).”
“ (Elevation).. .degs....mins.’’
1 applies the index correction (if any) to the elevation
ordered, and passes the corrected elevation to 2. 2 sets the
Held clinometer and places it oil the clinometer plane.
3 puts on the deflection, sets the sight clinometer, and levels
the field clinometer by the elevating hand-wheel and the sight
clinometer by the elevation indicator.
3 lays and reports “ Ready.”
1 removes the field clinometer.
Note.—When laying by field ^clinometer, the elevation
ordered is the actual elevation at which each gun is to be
layod.
Direct laying.
Section commander.
—
“...section Target..., Reference point, ...o'clock, ...degs.” '
“ Direct laying dial sight,...degs....mins, more right (or left),”
“ (Elevation)....” ......
If necessary, 2 and 4 throw the gun into the lino.
3 puts on the deflection, sets the cowl of tho dial Sight at
zero and sets the elevation indicator.
3 lays direct through the dial sight on tho ground line of
his portion of tho target and reports “ Ready.”
If “indirect " is ordered, 1 selects an auxiliary aiming point
and points it out to 3.
3 turns the dial sight bn to the aiming point. '* He sets the
sight clinometer at the angle of sight ordered and lays indirect
with sight clinometer. 1 ' ' ’ ' "
 45

26. TO FIRE.
No. 1.
“ No....—Fire."
1 orders “ Fire ” as soon as he has satisfied himself that
his gun is ready and his turn to lire has arrived.
3 fires the gun and re-lays.
2 opens the breech.
The gun will on no account bo fired without the order
from 1.
If the gun fails to run out completely, 2 and 3 push it homo
by hand.
27. MISS-FIRES.
If tho gun fails to fire, 3 gives the firing lever a second
pull. .
If the gun again fails to fire, 1 allows one minute to elapse,
orders 2 to unload the cartridge and examines the primer.
If the primer has failed to fire he examines the cap'. If
fairly struck, a new primer is inserted. If not fairly struck,
tho striker is changed.
If the primer has fired a now primer is fitted, provided that
the round can be fired at once. Otherwise the charge is
withdrawn and destroyed. Such a cartridge must on no
account be replaced in an ammunition box or wagon.

28. TO CLEAR THE SPADES.

Section commander. ^
"...section —Spades clear.”
1 orders “ Itun up.” 3 brings the traversing gear to zero.
2 and 4 man tho handspikes in the trails ; 5 and 6 man the
wheels. At tho order from 1 the spades are cleared, and tho
gun is moved to tho front (or rear) until tho platform is
satisfactory. 1 orders “ Take post.” Tho gun is relayed.
 46

29. TO CHANGE TARGET.

Section commander.
"...section—Target..."
“ (Ammunition)...”
"...degs....mins., right (or left) of zero lines."
1 repeats the ammunition order, clears the spade if necessary
and directs 2 and 4 to throw the gun into the new line.
3 brings the traversing gear to zero, sets the dial sight at
the recorded zero line reading and turns the micrometer
through the angle ordered.
5 and 6 prepare ammunition.
Section commander.
—
“ Angle of sight ...degs. ...mins, elevation (or depression)."
3 sets the sight clinometer.
X checks the sotting.
Section commander.
"...Banging (or method offire)."
“ (Interval) (if required)...”
“ Percussion (or corrector) (if necessary)."
1 at the correct moment orders “ load.”
6 supplies the ammunition ordered to 4.
4 loads the shell and receives the cartridge from 5.
1 rams home.
4loads the cartridge and receives another shell from 5.
2 closes the breech.
Section commander.
“ (Elevation) (or Elevations).”
1 passes tho elevation to 2.
3 sets tho elevation indicator, lays and reports “ ready.”
 47

30. TO STOP FIRING.

Section commander,
“...section—Stop."
The detachment continue their duties but tho gun is not
fired until tho order “ Go on ” is given.

31. TO STAND FAST.

Section commander.
“...section—Standfast."
All stand fast whatever they are doing, but when coming -
into action, 2 completes screwing up tho gun.
At the order “ Go on ” work is continued.

32. TO STOP LOADING.

Section commander.
—Stop loading."
"...section
Tho preparation of ammunition is suspended.
Tho detachment continue their duties. Any gun already
loaded is fired at its proper interval, but no gun will bo
loaded until the order “ Go on ” is given.

33. TO EMPTY GUNS.

Section commander.
"...section—Empty guns."
Any gun loaded is laid at tho last elevation and line, and
fired.
If a cap has been removed from a No. 10G fuze boforo tho
order is given, tho loading is completed, and the gun fired.
 48

34. TO STAND EASY IN ACTION.

Section commander.
“...section (or No....)—Stand easy."
This order is given to indicate that firing is temporarily
suspended.
Before opening fire again the order “ Take post ” will be
given. -

35. TO PREPARE TO MOyE.

The section commander informs the Nos. 1 of tho method
of evacuating tho position and whether a position of assembly
is to bo used.
Section commander.
“...section—Prepare to move.”
Ammunition and stores as ordered by tho section com­
mander are repacked and loaded up. Preparation for limber­
ing up will bo mado as far as possible but guns will remain
in action until tho order “ Cease firing ” is given.
Tho firing battery mules move up to a position under cover
near tho guns. (At drill they aro formed up in “ close order ”
15 yards in roar of their guns.)

36. TO CEASE FIRING (’’PACK”).

Before “ Cease firing ” is ordered, tho guns must bo empty.
Section commander.
“...section—Empty guns, cease firing.”
Tho spades are cleared.
1 removes tho firing lever and places it in tho sight box ;
ho removes tho traversing gear and lays it on top of tho
breech mechanism box ; he ships tho breech lifter and releases
the cradle lock.
 49

2 unships the breech mechanism and replaces it in its box ;

he unscrews the junction nut and places the wrench junction
nut in its pocket on tho. carriage; ho disconnects the right
trail leg, handspike and spade.
3 removes the sights and oscillating bracket, places them
in ths sight box and places sight box under the muzzle; ho
disconnects the left trail leg, handspike and spado.
2 and 3 replace keys in carriage logs.
4 brings in aiming posts if ordered.
4 and 5 remove the shields and lay them down ready for
loading, on the left of the gun ; they replaco the ammunition
in the boxes and strap up.
6 replaces the tools in the pioneer rack ; ho withdraws tho
chaso key, opens tho pivot cap-squares and ships tho muzzle
lifter.
1 and 2 run the slipper back and up again to free the junction
nut; 3 ships tho breech bearer ; 5 ships tho chase bearer.

37. TO LIMBER UP (" PACK ”).

Front limber up.
Section commander.
“...section—Front limber up.”
The mules move to position as follows, tho whole,- except
the carriage and trail mules, facing outwards :—
Carriage mule 3 yards to the front of tho centro of the
platform, facing the rear.
Wheel and axle mule 3 yards to tho right front.
Pivot mule 3 yards to the right.
Cradle mule 3 yards to the right rear.
 50

Trail mulo 3 yards to the roar facing the front.

Slipper mule 3 yards to the loft roar.
Brooch mulo 3 yards to tho left.'
Chase mule 3 yards to the left front.

Diagram VII.

FIRST LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT.

1 mans the breech lifter.
2 and 3 man the breech bearer.
4 and 5 man the chase bearer.
6 mans tho muzzle lifter.
8 and 9 stand ready to man the slipper.

FIRST LIFT, LIFT.

1, 2 and 3 remove tho breech to tho rear, 1 turning it over,
and load it on the breech mulo ; 2 and 3 strap up tho breech
and tho bearer.
 51

4, 5 and 6 remove the chase to the front and load it on the

chase mule ; 4 and 6 strap up the chaso and tho bearer.
8 replaces tho chaso key; 8 and 9 slide the slipper to the
rear, loM it, and the shields, on the slipper mule and strap up.

SECOND LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT.

4 and 7 ship tho porter bars.

SECOND LIFT, LIFT.

4, 5, 6 and 7 man tho porter bars, lift tho cradle over the
right wheel, turn it over as in coming into action, load it and -
unship porter bars ; 5 and 6 strap up the cradle, 4 and 7
the porter bars.
8 and 9 load the trail legs, spades, handspikes, and mallets
on the trail mule and strap up.
2 and 3 close tho pivot capsquares, and, with 1, dismount tho
pivot, turn it over, and load it on tho pivot mule.

THIRD LIFT, PREPARE TO LIFT.

1 and 3 go to tho rear of thp carriage, throw tho legs over
to tho front, and open the axletreo clips.
2 loads tho traversing gear and breech mechanism box on
tho pivot mule and stands ready to assist 1 with the axle.
3 and 4 remove linch pins and washers and man the wheels.
5 and 6 place tho dragropes over their shoulders and man tho
front of tho carriage.
7 mans tho legs of the carriage. '
8 and 9 go to tho sight box.
THIRD LIFT, LIFT.
5, 6 and 7 lift the carriage, key up axletreo clips, and load
it on tho carriage mule; 5 and 6 strap up, and secure tho
dragropes.
 02

1 and 2 support the axle; 3 and 4 remove the wheels,

load them on the wheel and axle mule, and strap up ; 4 loads
. the aiming posts. '
1 and 2 load tho axlo on the wheel and axle mule straps
up ; 3 and 4 replace the linch pins and washers on tho axle.
8 and 9 load tho sight box on the carriage mule and strap
up.
6 and 7 load tho pioneer rack on the section pioneer mule.
8 and 9 load up the ammunition boxes.
At the order from 1 “ Cover off, march,” each subsection
forms tho order of march and moves as directed by 1.

Right, Left or Rear limber up.

Tho mulo3 face in the required direction on forming the
order of march.

38. TO CEASE FIRING (*' DRAUGHT ”).

Section commander.
“...section—Empty guns, cease firing.”
Tho spades are cleared and the handspikes removed.
The trails are brought together; 1 places and keys up the
travelling lock.
2 brings up the shafts and draught bar; 1 and 3 connect
tho shafts and draught bar to tho trails.
3 removes the sights apd places them in tho sight box.
4 brings in tho aiming posts if ordered.
4, 5 and 6 remove tho shields and lay them down ready for
loading on the left of tho gun ; 4 and 5 replace tho ammunition
in tho boxes and strap up ; 6 replaces tho tools in the pioneer
rack.
 53

39. TO LIMBER- UP (“ DRAUGHT ”).

Front limber up.

Section commander.
—Front limber up.”
“ ...section
1 and 3 carry tho trails round through a half circle to tho
right.
The draught mules come up on tho off side of tho muzzle,
passing close to tho off gun wheel, and step into position
with tho wheel mule between the shafts.
1 and 3 raise tho shafts and attach them to the draught
harness.
1 loads up the aiming posts and handspikes; 2 and 3'
load up the sight box and spades ; 4, 5 and 6 load up tho
shields, pioneer rack, and ammunition boxes.
2 and 3 hook dragropes to tho drag washers and man
them.
Tho subsection forms up in order of march.

Right limber up.

1 and 3 carry the trails round through a quarter of a circle
to tho right.
Lelt limber up.
1 and 3 carry tho trails round through a quarter of a circlo
to the left.
Roar limber up.
Tho trails aro not moved.'
In each caso the procedure is the same as in front limber
up.
 54

40. CASUALTIES TO DETACHMENTS.

Men sent up to replace casualties report to their section
commanders, who order such changes of duties as they
consider necessary.
Casualties are replaced as follows:—
Section commander ... By the senior No. 1 of the
section.
1. . . . . . . . . . ... By a named successor
(usually 9).
With fivo men ... ... 5 performs the duties of 5
and 6.
With four mon ... ... 2 performs the duties of 5
and 6, 1 performs the
duties of 1 and 2.
With threo men ... 1 performs the duties of 1
and 2, 4 the duties of
4 and 5.

41. CASUALTIES TO EQUIPMENT.

(i) Breech Mechanism.
If tho breech cannot bo opened, place the point of a pick-axe
between the breech mechanism lever and tho carrier, press
in tho catch retaining breech mechanism lover and gently
prizo tho breech mechanism lever back with tho pick-axe.

(ii) Sight clinometer.

Lay by means of tho field clinometer if no spare sight
clinometer is available.
(iii) Elevation indicator.
Lay by means of the field clinometer.
 55

(iv) Wheels.
If a gun wheel is damaged, turn it at once so that the
soundest portion bears tho weight of tho gun. Replace it
by a spare wheel as soon as possible.
(v) Mules.
If a mule is disabled at the gun position, the following
signals will bo used to order up the relief:—
Relief carriage. . . . . . . . . . . Letter A repeated.
wheel and axle ... „ B
pivot . . . . . . . . . . . „ C
cradle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D
trail . . . . . . . . . . . . . E
slipper. . . . . . . . . . . ,, E
breech . . . . . . . . . . . ,, G
chase . . . . . . . . . . . „ II
Spare ... „K
42. DISABLEMENT.
The extent of disablement ordered will depend on the
time available and the probability of recapture.
To disable the gun so that it can be brought into.action imme­
diately after recapture: Remove the breech mechanism,
unscrew the junction nut and removo the wrench junc­
tion nut.
To disable the gun so that it can be brought into action after
repair : Bring tho trails together ; removo the elevating
arc and firo a round with full charge by means of the
lanyard.
To destroy the gun : Place an H.E. shell fuze 101E or 101B
in tho muzzle ; load with H.E. fuzed 101E or 101B and
full charge ; firo the gun by means of a long lanyard from
under cover. A length of telephone cable attached to
tho lanyard is suitable for tho purpose.
 50

Note.—The dial sight and clinometers should always be

removed and taken away before abandoning a gun.

43. BLANK AMMUNITION.

(i) No officer, non-commissioned officer or gunner who has
not been trained and passed in gun drill is to command a
section or form part of a gun detachment firing blank ammu­
nition at salutes or at training.
(ii) When firing Q.F. blank cartridges no gun is to be
re-loaded within 15 seconds after firing. Even after this
interval, no gun is to be re-loaded until 1. has examined
the chamber and boro and removed any debris remaining
from the previous round.
(iii) In the event of a miss-fire, a further attempt should
be made to fire the gun in its turn. In no case must the
breech be opened for at least one minute with black powder
and 10 minutes with smokeless charges. No one must be
in rear of the breech when it is opened. In firing salutes
an officer or senior non-commissioned officer should be
detailed for the special duty of timing the interval after a
miss-fire and informing 1 of that gun when the breech may
be opened.
(iv) As a further safeguard, 1 is responsible that the charge
is properly home in the case before the round is loaded.
This can be done by pressing down the leather-board cup
on tho point of a trail handspike, a small mark being made
under local arrangements on each handspike to indicate
when the charge is in its correct position.
 67

CHAPTER III.—LAYING AND FUZE

SETTING TESTS.

1. In every battery there should be at least six qualified

layers for each subsection, exclusive of serjeants and lance-
serjeants. A list of layers should be kept. All layers, section
commanders, serieants and lance-serjeants should be tested
periodically.
2. All officers and Nos. 1 must be thoroughly conversant
with
(i) The tests for, and,caro of sighting gear and sights.
(ii) The methods of obtaining parallel lines of fire.
(iii) The application of gun corrections.

■ 3. Layers will bo tested by means of two tests ; Test A will

consist of four lays indirect, test B of two lays direct.
4. A maximum of 20 marks will be given for each lay in
test A, and 10 marks for each lay in test B. In order to
qualify a layer must obtain 81 marks.
6. The examiner should bo assisted by an officer or senior
non-commissioned officer with a stop-watch and record book,
and by a penciller who will take down all orders given, for
reference when checking the lay.
0. When laying indirect, three or more aiming points should
be selected to the rear and on either flank, if possible, and
made known to all concerned.
 58

7. Before beginning the testa at least five targets will be

selected in the foreground at varying ranges and angles of
sight, and covering a front of about 25 degrees; except in
the case of targots representing guns, these should bo natural
features of the ground. If it is necessary to use dummies,
they should be placed in positions such as the troops which
they represent would naturally occupy on service. A refer­
ence point, approximately in the centro of the target zone,
will be pointed out to the No. 1 and to the layer; targets :
will be indicated with reference to this point by means of j
the clock code. ';
8. When laying direct on any target (other than a gun'
target) which extends over a fairly wide frontage, great'
exactitude in direction will not be required as regards the»
point originally selected to lay upon, which may be any­
where in that portion of the target opposite to the gun:
being laid. Any subsequent lay on tho same target must, j
however, be on tho same point as the first.
9. The orders for the lay must be given out by the examiner.;
clearly and distinctly, a short pause (about two or three;
seconds) being made after each separate order, thus: "Alt '
guvs, 20 degs. right”—pause—“All guns, 15 mins, more
right ”—pause—“Angle of sight, 1 deg. 20 mins, elevation ”
—pause—“4200.”
All orders will bo acknowledged by the No. 1 and acted
on at once. Should the layer at any time be in doubt as
to a particular order, he will refer to the No. 1, who may
repeat to him any part of the order received, Tho No. 1
may, in turn, refer to the examiner.
10. After checking a lay, tho examiner will elevato the
gun about 15 minutes.
 59

11. The times allowed for each lay are as follows

Teat. A. Test B.
'

Lay 1. Lay 2. Lay 3. Lay 4. Lay r>. Lay 0.

1' 15* O' 40' 0' CO' r os* 1' 00’ 0' 25"

- The layer will call out “ Ready ” as soon as ho has finished

levying the gun. The time will be taken from the conclusion
caf tho orders for the lay until the word “ Ready ” from the
ifiiyer.
p '12. One mark will bo deducted —
o (i) For every five seconds or fraction of five seconds
>5' beyond the time laid down for the particular
§•■ lay.
03. (ii) If the traversing gear is not within 4 degrees of
□ zero in lays 1 and 5.
(iii) For each mistake in tho manipulation of the sighting
a gear or in the drill of the layer as laid down.
13. Ten marks will be deducted:—
If the aiming posts are not planted in line.
14. No marks will be given for the lay:—
(i) If tho sight clinometer or elevation indicator is
incorrectly set.
(ii) When laying indirect, if tho gun is not correctly
layed for elevation and direction.
(iii) When laying direct, if the gun is not layed for eleva­
tion within 3 minutes or for direction within 5
minutes. .
(iv) If tho bubbJo of tho cross level is not central.
 60

16. Fuze setters will bo tested by three continuous tests.

16. A maximum of 30 marks, 10 to bo allotted for each
test, will be given for the three tests ; in order to qualify,
25 marks must be obtained.
17. Time allowed for each test will be ono minute.
18. No marks will be given for the test:—
(i) If the fuze indicator is wrongly set.
(ii) If any fuzes are incorrectly set.
19. One mark will be deducted for every fivo seconds over
the time allowed.

EXAMPLES OF TESTS.
Laying tests.
The gun is placed on a firm platform. The examiner
sets the elevation indicator at about 20° olovation and the
remaining scales at zero.

Tost A (indirect).
Orders. Procedure. 1
Lay 1.
“ Aiming point,...” The procedure will bo as
“ All guns, 90 clegs. 10 mins, laid down under “ To lay the
right.” gun in the line of fire.”
The battery picket and
auxiliary aiming point read­
ings will bo recorded on tho
slate after 3 has reported
“ Ready.”
 61
Orders. Procedure.
“ Aiming posts front." The procedure will be as
laid down under “ To plant
aiming posts.”
Time for this part of the
lay is not taken.
Lay 2.
“ Charge two." The procedure will be as
“ All guns, 1 deg. 10 mins, laid down under “ To lay
more right." the gun.”
“ Angle of sight, 1 deg. 20
mins, elevation.”
“2400.”
Lay 3.
“ Represent No. 2 gun in The procedure will bo as
action." laid down under “ To change
“Target”... target ” and “ To lay the
“ Charge five." gun.”
“ All guns, 2 degs. 15 mins,
more left."
“ Concentrate 20 mins, on
No. 1.”
“ Angle of sight, 10 mins.
depression."
“5275.”
Lay 4’.
“ Target."... The procedure will be as
“ All guns, 31 degs. right, of laid down under “ To change
zero lines.” target ” and “ To lay the
“ Clinometer laying." >)
“ Angle of sight—1° ele­
vation."
“ 30 degs. 30 mins.”
 62

Note.—In lays 2, 3 and 4 layers should be exercised and

tested in laying from auxiliary aiming points or aiming post
at the discretion of the examiner.
Test B (direct).
The reference point is described before orders are given.
Lay 5. Orders. Procedure.
“ Represent No. 3 gun in The procedure will bo as
action.” laid down under “ To lay
“ Infantry lining hedgerow, the gun.”
4 o’clock, 3 degs. to 6
degs.”
“ Charge one.”
“ Direct laying dial sight.”
“ 1200.”
The examiner will put on a deflection and note the reading.
Lay 6.
“ All guns, 40 mins, more ' The gun will be re-layed on
left.” the same point of the target
“ 1500." as in Lay 5.
The dcilection ordered will
be such as will enablo the
layer to lay by moans of
tho traversing gear.
Fuze setting test.
Orders. Procedure
“ Charge four.” Tho competitor will, set
“ Corrector 152, 4700.” the fuze indicator at the cor-
rector and elevation ordered
and will set six fuzes at tho
graduation shown on tho fuze
indicator.
Time, 1 minute.
 6a

CHAPTER IV.—SIGHT TESTS.

Tho field clinometer, sight clinometer and elevation
indicator should be tested daily and after prolonged firing.
The alignment tests should bo carried out as often as
possible.
At drill these tests should bo carried out frequently to give
oflicors and N.C.Os. practice in doing them accurately.
The remaining test (cross levelling gear ) should bo carried
out when required by a qualified artificer. This test is
given in tho Handbook.
Any adjustment to optical instruments must bo carried
out by a qualified artificer.
Test 1.—To test the field clinometer.
To ascertain the index error.
1. Set the clinometer to read zero (degrees and minutes),
place the instrument on the clinometer plane of the gun, and
by means of tho elevating gear, bring the bubble into the
centre of its run. Turn tho clinometer end for end. If the
bubble docs not remain in tho centre of its run, bring it thero
by moving the arm and slider. Note the nett reading.
Half this reading is tho index error of tho clinometer.
2. An alternative method may be employed. Procuro
a clinometer known to be in adjustment, set at zero and
place it on tho clinometer plane, and by means of tho elevating
gear bring tho bubble central. Remove the clinometer.
The clinometer to bo tested is now placed on the clinometer
plane and the bubble brought central by moving the arm and
slider. The actual reading of this instrument is tho index
error. A number of clinometers can be quickly and uni.
formly tested in this manner.
 04

NotIs.—A clinometer when set to read its index error

and bubblo brought central will lay the clinometer plane
horizontal.
The clinometer should be adjusted to have no index error,
or if this is impracticable, the index error must bo applied
to all angles to be set on the instrument.
The method of eliminating or adjusting for index error is
shown in the Handbook.

Test 2.—To test and adjust the sight clinometer.

With the sight clinometer bracket horizontal and the
sight clinometer reading zero, the bubble of the sight clino­
meter should bo in the centre of its run.
Place the sight clinometer, set at zero, in its bracket
and bring the bubblo to the centre of its run by the elevating
hand-wheel. Reverso the sight clinometer end for end ;
the bubble should still bo in the centre of its run.
If the bubblo is not in the centre, bring it so by turning
the micrometer head. Note the reading and set the micro­
meter scales to half this reading. Bring the bubble to tiie
centre of its run by tho elovating hand-wheel. Slacken the
nuts securing the micrometer scales and the screws securing
the reader of the degree scale ; shift the micrometer scales
and reader to zero and re-clamp.

Test 3.—To test and adjust the elevation Indicator.

With tho sight clinometer reading zero and the bubble
in the centre of its run, the elevation indicator should read
tho elevation at which tho gun is layed.
Place a shell in the chamber to take up play in the elevating
gear; cross level the sight and set the sight clinometer at
 f.5

zero j lay the gun at 20 degrees elevation with a field

clinometer; bring the bubble of the sight clinometer to
the centre of its run by the elevation indicator hand-wheel.
The elevation indicator should read 20 degrees
If the elevation indicator does not read 20 degrees, slacken
the screws securing the retaining plate, revolve the skin
until it reads 20 degrees and re-clamp.
Removo the shcirfrom the chamber.

Alignment tests.
Before beginning these tests the following preparations
should be made :—
(i) Place the carriage on a firm platform and manipulate
it until it is level transversely (see iv).
(ii) Select a well-defined object at'least 1,500 yards distant
on which to lay.
(iii) If this distant object cannot be found, set up the
target testing Bights (see diagram) about 60 yards in front
(or in rear) of the gun at right angles to the axis of the
bore.
(iv) If the carriage cannot bo levelled transversely, the
top of the dial sight carrier and the target testing sights
should be sloped to the same angle as the carriage.
(v) Remove the striker and fix cross wires at the muzzle
of tho gun (and at the breech if the target testing sight is
placed in rear).*
(vi) Bet tho elevation indicator and tho cowl, dial plate
and micrometer scales of the dial sight at zero.
Note.—In practice, tests 4 and 6 are carried out simul­
taneously.

Tho cross-wires must bo removed on completion o£ tho test.

 00
Test 4.—To test and adjust the dial sight for line.
Tilts line of sight through the dial sight should bo parallel
to the axis of the boro as regards line.
Lay the bore on the distant object for line by the elevating
hand-ivheel and the traversing gear, using the inter­
section of tho cross wires as a foresight and the hole in tho
firing-hole bush as a hind sight. The line of sight through
the dial sight should bo on tho distant object. When
using the target testing sights lay the bore on point 11 ;
the dial sight should bo on point D.
If the dial sight is not in alignment, turn tho micrometer
heads of the dial sight until tho lino of sight is correct,
slacken the screws securing tho reader of the dial plate
and tho nuts of the micrometers, shift tho reader and micro­
meter scales to zero and rc-clamp.
Test 5.—To test and adjust tho dial sight for elevation.
Tho line of sight through the dial sight should bo parallel
to the axis of the boro as regards elevation when the elevation
indicator is at zero.
Lay the bore on the distant object for elevation by the
elevating hand-wheel. The lino of sight through the dial
sight should be on the distant object. When using tho target
testing sights lay tho boro on point B; the dial sight should
be on point D. .
If the dial sight is not in alignment revolve tho milled
head at the top of the sight until tho line of sight is correct,
slacken tho nut securing tho micrometer collar, revolve the
latter to zero and re-cJamp.
Note.—After adjusting tho micromotor collar of tho cowl
of the dial sight the arrow on tho view finder will not bo oppo­
site zero; if confusion is likely to arise this arrow should bo
erased and a new one scribed opposite the zero mark.
 67

BD lOfKRl EUE YS OI FG GH UT N. .
 68

CHAPTER V.-CARE OF EQUIPMENT.

1. CLEANING AND OILING.
Limber gunners should be intelligent and reliable men.
The slippers should be kept clean and oiled, and main­
tained in good working order; all working surfaces should
be well lubricated and kept free from paint.
The bore should be kept clean and lightly greased. After
firing, it should be scrubbed out with caustic soda and hot
water (one pound to a gallon), using the piasaba brush.
When dry it should be lightly greased with mineral jelly.
No gritty substance, such as sand paper or bath brick,
should be used for cleaning working surfaces.
All spare parts should be used periodically to ensure that
they are in working order.
When travelling in draught the axletree should be greased
every second hour, and the shaft sockets kept well lubricated.
Heads of lubricators should be kept free from paint.
List of lubricators.
Fitting to bo lubricated. No. Whcro situated.

Slipper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 on each sido.

Band, cradlo cap. . . . . . . . . . i On top.
It.II. pivot cap square . . . . . 1 On inside.
Elevating nro . . . . . . . . . . 1 On left side.
Aro elevating, oscillating bracket i Oscillating bracket.
Nut, traversing screw . . . . . i Above the left axletree.
Bearing, traversing screw. . . . . i Above the left axletree.
Pipe box, wheel ... . . . . . o One on each pipe box.
Elevating gear . . . . . . . . . . 7 Case, elevating gear.
Breech screw and pintle of carrier i On top of breech screw.
Breech mechanism lever **. i On top of carrier.
Worms and worm spindle of the i On upper side of junction nut
junction nut. (remove the set screw and,
after lubricating, carefully
replace the screw).
 69

2. THE DIAL SIGHT AND CARRIER.

i. The No. 7 dial sight.
The dial sight when issued is in correct adjustment,
watertight, and with all the cells and joints secured with
fixing screws.
It is very unlikely that the interior will require cleaning,
and the dial sight must on no account be taken to pieces
except by a person in possession of an Artillery College
certificate stating that ho is competent to do so.
The body of the dial sight should be cleaned with a clean
soft cloth and a little oil, which must be rubbed off after­
wards, care being taken that the glass is not touched. No
gritty substance should bo used.
The exteriors of eye lens and window should be cleaned
with chamois leather specially kept for the purpose. Great
care mast be taken that no oil or grease is allowed to touch
the glasses. Fingers, though apparently clean and dry,
leave marks on the lens which will impair the definition
of the sight.
When not in use the dial sight should be kept in the
sight box.

ii. The No. 5 carrier.

If the sight is loose in the bracket it may be due to:—
{a) The clamping screw head working out of its recess
making it impossible to clamp up. The remedy is to press
the head into the recess and clamp.
(b) The bracket being worn or strained, owing to working
the sight about when taking it out of the bracket or over­
straining the clamping lever. In this case a clamp to com­
press the bracket should be fitted if available; if not, one
 70

side of the bracket should be tapped lightly and evenly

with a hammer by an artificer, with the clamping screw
loosened.

3. THE BREECH MECHANISM.

i. General precautions.
The breech mechanism should be dismantled periodically
in order that it may be thoroughly cleaned.
The threads of the breech screw should be free from
burrs ; these may bo removed by careful filing by an artificer,
but no portion of the thread should be cut away to remove
a crack.
The breech should be kept covered up, when possible,
to prevent dust and grit getting into the breech fittings.

ii. To dismantle the breech mechanism:—'

Before removing the mechanism the breech must bo
opened and the breech mechanism swung into the loading
position.
Firing mechanism cover and firing lever.—Withdraw the
firing lever axis pin and remove the firing mechanism cover
and firing lever with spring.
Striker.—Pull the striker to the rear by means of the
thumb piece on the striker cap until the projection on tho
cap is clear of tho recess in the striker guide bush ; revolve
the striker about ono sixth of a turn to the right, and
withdraw it to the rear.
Breech mechanism lever.—Remove the spring keep pin of
the breech mechanism lever axis pin ; withdraw the axis pin,
and remove tho breech mechanism lover.
Breech screw and retaining catch.—Press in the breech'
 71
screw retaining catch clear of tho recess in the screw and
unscrew the latter to the right from the carrier. Withdraw
the retaining catch.
Trigger soar.—Remove the trigger soar axis pin and with­
draw the trigger sear and spring.
Carrier.—Turn the carrier so that the feather on tho upper
side of the hinge joint corresponds with the featherway in
tho breech ring, and withdraw tho carrier in an upward
direction.
Extractor.—Remove the extractor axis pin and withdraw
the extractor from the breech opening.

ill. To assemble the breech mechanism :—

The breech mechanism is assembled in tho reverse order.
When inserting the breech screw in the carrier, care must
be taken before beginning to screw in to hold tho breech
screw squaro against the face of the carrier, the retaining
catch being pressed in clear of the screw while tho latter is
being revolved.

iv. To dismantle the striker:—

Remove the striker from the breech mechanism. Unscrew
tho striker cap to the left from the striker body, and remove
the trigger and main spring from the interior of tho striker.
Unscrew the firing pin retaining nut, and remove the firing
pin.

v. To assemble the striker

: The striker is assembled in the reverse order.
 72

vi. To test the protrusion ol the Btriker :—

Open the breech, press in the retaining catch and turn

the breech screw to the locked position by means of the
breech mechanism lever. Remove the striker as detailed
above, and dismantle the cap, trigger and main spring.
Replace the trigger.
Place the striker body in the guide bush, turn it one-sixth
of a turn to the left, press forward the trigger and the
striker body to the fired position, and retain it thcro while
tho No. 1 gauge is applied. The protrusion should not
exceed ’ll inch or be less than ’09 inch.
Care should be taken to see that there are no burrs or
dirt present to give an incorrect protrusion.

4. THE JUNCTION NUT.

When assembling the gun, caro should be taken to see
that:—
(i) Tho parts of tho junction are clean and tho screw
threads of the jacket and junction nut aro greased.
(ii) The feather on breech portion, fits into tho slot in
tho muzzle portion.
(iii) Tho two portions aro brought together without a
blow.
(iv) The indicating arrow on upper front of junction nut
coincides with tho indicating arrow and word
“Enter” on the stop ring, when placing the
breech and muzzle portions together.
(v) Tho indicating arrow on tho junction nut coincides
with tho arrow on the stop ring, showing limit of
wear, when the nut is screwed home,
 7.1

General precautions.
Tho junction nut should be dismantled periodically, in
order that it may be thoroughly cleaned and oiled. Tho
threads of tho junction nut and worm should bo free from
burrs.
(i) To dismantle the junction nut:—
Remove the slipper ring at tho muzzlo end of tho chaso
portion.
Remove stop ring by taking out the two screws, unscrew
tho ring and pass it over tho muzzle. The securing' screws
are not interchangeable. Turn junction nut to tho dis-
engago position and carefully slide it over the muzzle.
Removo set screw of worm spindle and worm spindle ;
remove worm and ball bearing from insido junction nut.
Tho catch retaining junction nut is carried in tho shoulder
of the chaso portion and can bo removed with its spring, after
unscrewing its retaining nut.
(ii) To re-assenible the junction nut:—
Reverse tho order as above. Tho arrows on worm and
worm spindle, should coincido when replacing the latter.

5. RECUPERATOR AND BUFFER.

General precautions.
1. Before firing :—
Caro should bo taken to see that tne recuperator and
buffer are correctly charged, that there is no abnormal
leakage at the stuffing boxes, that tho nut securing howitzer
is correctly locked, that tho piston rods are firmly nutted up
to the front cradle cap, and that the cut-off gear is in adjust­
ment.
 74

It is necessary to strain the oil before charging the

recuperator or buffer.
During severe weather recuperators and buffers should be
protected as much as possible from the cold.
Recuperator and buffer cylinders should bo washed out
with paraffin or hot water to remove grit as opportunities
offer.
Any operations for the replacement of worn or defcctivo
parts which necessitate emptying the recoil system should
be carried out only under qualified supervision.

ii. In action ;—
During action the functioning of the system should be
carefully watched and steps taken to remedy defects at once.
The following aro the more common faults :—
For any given fault the causes and remedies arc set out in
the sequence which should bo followed to ascertain the
particular cause and remedy, so that the simplest and most
readily removed causes may be eliminated before proceeding
to the more difficult.

Fault. Cause. Remedy.

Recoil violent. . . . . Air in buffer cylinder. . . . . Operate snifting valve.

Insufficient liquid in buffer Fill buffer.
system.
Reduced air pressure in re- Test and re-chargo ro-
cuperator. cuperator.

Recoil excessive Wear of piston and valvo Adjust by cut-off gear.

Buffer nearly ompty. . . . . Pill buffer.
 75

Fault. Cause. Remedy.

Recoil short . . . . . Damaged slides . . . . . Examine and repair.

Excessive air pressure Test and expel surplus
Wrongly sot cut-off gear Test and adjust gear.
Excess of liquid in recupera- Test and ro-chargo
ator. • recuperator.
Packings too tight . . . . . Repack.

Run out slow . . . . . Valve adjusting run out in­ Open valve.
correct.
Burrs or grit on slides Removo obstruction.
Reduced air pressure ... Test and adjust pressure.
Packings too tight ... ■ ... Repack.

Run out violent Valve adjusting run out Close valve further.
incorrect.
Excessive air pressure Test and expel surplus.
Retarding valve fast in open If this is suspected, and
position. a few rounds fail to
move it, strip tho
recuperator and re­
place valve.

Failure to run out Too much liquid in buffer ... Oporato sniffing valve.
Airinbuffor ... Operate snifting valve.
Valve adjusting run out closed Open valve.
Burrs or grit on slides Remove obstruction.
Roduced air pressure in Test andadjustpressuro.
recuperator.
Packings too tight . . . . . Repack.

Note.—Reduced air prossuro may be due to air alone, or may bo causod

by lcakago of liquid from recuperator; tho prociso cause should bo ascertained.
 76

lii. When guns are resting in action :—

Cool the bore. Allow air to escape from the buffer.
Replenish the buffer. Tighten packings if necessary. Test
the air pressure after the gun has cooled.

6. THE RECUPERATOR.
i. General precautions ;—
Beforo tho front cradle cap is removed, the gun must
be secured to the cradle so as to prevent it slipping back.
If the cradle cap is to be left off for a long time, the elevating
handwheel should be taken off.

ii. To charge tho recuperator with liquid:—

Secure tho gun to tho cradle. Discharge any pressure in
the air chamber by removing cap of nipple for adapter, and
opening the by-pass valve C. Remove plug A.
l’our in exactly GJ pints of buffer oil through hole A.
Replace plugs A and cap of nipple for adapter, close valve C,
and rock the cradlo so as to free any air lock.
Level the cradlo longitudinally and transversely with a
clinometer. Remove plugs A and cap of nipple for adapter,
apd fully open valve C.
Allow any excess liquid to overflow from hole of adapter
nipple. Replace plugs A and cap of nipple and close valve G.
Caro should bo taken to see that the recuperator is cor­
rectly charged, as too much oil will cause serious damage
and put tho gun out of action.
iii. To charge the recuperator with air:—
Before charging the recuperator with air it is important
to see that the securing collar is in the correct position on
tho recuperator rod, in order to prevent tho rod from being
forced out to the rear, when under pressure.
 77
Attach the air pump to the bracket on the right trail.
Place the cradle at full depression. Removo cap from
adapter nipple and attach the adapter and pressure gauge ;
connect tho pump pipe to the adapter. Open the by-pass
valve C and pump until the gaugo registers 510 lbs. a sq. in.
Close valve C, disconnect tho pipe from tho adapter, and place
the cap on the adaptor. Let the pressure down slowly to
500 lbs. a sq. in. by opening valvo C slightly and slacking
back the cap on the adapter.
When the pressure reads 600, close valve C, remove the
adapter with pressure gaugo and replace cap on adapter
nipple.
When charging by air bottle care must be taken to open
the cock gradually to avoid damage to the gauge.
iv. To test the air pressure ;—
Place the cradle at full depression.
Remove cap from adapter nipple and attach tho adapter
and pressure gauge. Blank the outer end of the adapter with
the cap. Open valve C and the gaugo should register 500 lbs.
a sq. in.
If tho pressure is correct, close valve C, remove the
adapter and gauge, and replace cap of adapter nipple. If the
pressure is not correct, close valve C, connect up tho air pump,
and make up the pressure to 600 lbs.
v. To replenish air pressure lost by leakage:—
Proceed as for charging the recuperator with air, but,
before opening valve 0 to admit air to the recuperator, pump
the pressure in the pipe up to 600 lbs. a sq. in.
If the air pressure falls below 375 lbs., discharge the air
pressure and check the amount of liquid in the recuperator
by levelling the cradle, removing plugs A and cap from adapter
nipple, and opening valve C.
 78

vi. To empty the recuperator:—

Secure the gun to the cradle, disconnect the piston
and recuperator rods, and remove the front cradle cap.
Discharge the air pressure by removing cap from adapter
nipple and opening valve 0. Remove the securing collar,
recuperator stuffing-box, throttle valve and spring, and run off
the oil. Rock the cradle up and down to ensure tho complete
emptying of tho reservoir and recuperator cylinder.
vii. To renew the packing in the recuperator gland
and the L rubber in the recuperator stuffing box:—
These operations are similar to those in Section 7 (iv)
and (v) below, except that the air must bo discharged before
removing the securing collar from tho rod.

7. THE BUFFER.
i. To fill the buffer:—
Place the cradle at full depression.
Remove the filling hole plugs D and E at the rear end
of the buffer cylinder. Pour oil into hole E until it overflows
at hole D. Replace plugs D 'and E. About 2J pints of oil
are required to fill the buffer.

ii. To empty the buffer:—

Secure the gun to the cradle and take off the front cradle
cap.
Withdraw the bevel segment from the piston rod, remove
the pin coupling the actuating rod to the cut-off lever, and
turn back the bevel segment.
Unscrew the stuffing box, depress the cradle, and run tho
oil off into suitable vessels.
 79

iii. To tighten the gland:—

Pull the spring plunger locking the glands to the front.
Insert a tommy through the hole in the cradle cap into
one of the holes in the gland and tighten the gland. Care
should be taken not to tighten the packing more than is
necessary to prevent leakage.

iv. To renew the packing in the buffer gland:—

Elevate the gun to a convenient position, secure it to
the cradle, and remove the nuts of the piston rods. Remove
the cradle cap and disconnect the cut-off gear.
Removo the spring plunger and unscrew the gland ring
and gland. Insert a supplementary packing. Replace the
gland ring and gland, and reassemble.

v. To renew the L rubber in the stuffing box :—

Elevate the gun to a convenient position, secure it to
the cradle and remove the nuts of the piston rods. Removo
the cradle cap and disconnect the cut-off gear. Remove the
spring plunger and unscrew the stuffing box together with
the defective packing. Renew the packing. Replace the
stuffing box and spring plunger, reassemble, and refill the
buffer.

8. THE AIR PUMP.

Before starting work an external examination should bo
made to seo that the pump is clean and serviceable.
When assembling, care must be taken to see that all
parts are clean and well lubricated. Working parts will
require further lubrication during pumping.
 80

To obtain the best results it is essential to employ a full

stroke in working the pump, i.e., from stop to stop.
When oharging a system it is best to continue without a
stop until the desired pressure is reached, changing the men
if fatigued. If a stop is unavoidable, note the pressure and
close valve 0. Before continuing, pump the pressure in
the pipe up to the pressure noted before opening valve C.
If there is any falling oil in the working pressure, examine
the valves. If gritty, the valves and springs should be
removed and cleaned. If necessary, valves should be lightly
ground in and coated with thin oil. If this does not improve
the efficiency of the pump, the piston should be removed and
the rings examined and tried in the cylinders. If the spring
of these rings has been destroyed, they must be ohanged.
The pump must be replaced in its box immediately after
use.
The pump should be worked a few strokes daily to ensure
that the packings are kept under pressure.
 81

APPENDIX.

CARRIAGE OF STORES.

1. Loads.
Carriage mule.
Saddlery, &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lbs. 109
Carriage ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . „ 161
Sight in box . . . . . . . . . ... ... „ 68
Wrench junction nut (in pocket on carringc)... .. o
Firing lever (in sight bos) ... . . . . . „ 10
1 pair of dragropes ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . „ 4
lbs. 339~

TVhetl and arts mult.

Saddlery, &o, ... ... ... ... ... Ibs. 1)8
1 axle tree... ... ... ... ... ... . . . . . „ 08
2 wheels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 132
2 aiming posts. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2

lbs. 330 .

Petal mule.
Saddlery, tic. . . . . . . . . . . . . lbs. 100
Pivot . . . . . .. . . . . ' . . . . . .. 109
Breech mechanism in box . ... ' „ 60
•" -
Traversing gear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, 11
Cover, pivot . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . 1
Shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 !
1 pair of drag ropes ... . . . . . . . . . . „ ■ 4
lbs. 303
 82

Cradle muh.
Saddlery, &o. . . . . . . . ,,, ... ... lbs. 8(3
Cradle . . . . . . . . .. ... ... ... ... ... n 240
Eloyating aro (in position on cradlo). . . . . . . . . 6
2 porter bars . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... |» 12
Cover, cradlo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... »| 1

lbs. 345

TmiT mule.
Saddlery, &o. ••• ... ... ... ... lbs. 102
Air pump and fittings ... ••• ... ... ... ... ,t 25
2 trails ... .. . . . . 101
2 spades . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... 30
2 mallets. . . . . . . . . ... ... ... • »• || 20
2 handspikes . . . . . ,M ... ,M 41
Travelling look . . . . . 8J
Box, spare parts and tools ... |( 101
. . . . . . . . . .
Iba. 301J

Slipper mule.
Saddlery, Ac. ... • •• ... ... ... lbs. 04
Slipper . . . . . . . . . «»• ... ... ••• ••• ft 04
4 shields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ••• »» 130

Iba. 318

LreccJi mult.
Saddlery, &c. . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... Iba. 83
Breech . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ,, 217
Breech lifter . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... 0
1 breooh bearer. . . . . ... ... ... ... ... „ 8
Cover, breooh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

U«. 319
 83
Chast tntils.
Saddlory, ka. ... IM ... lbs. 83
Chase . . . . . Ml sss ... • •• |f 2H
Chose lifter ... »«• Ml ••• Ml •»« 8
1 chaso bearer ... • •• mi ... ••• ... • »» 8
Cover, chose ... »» 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lb,. 314

Ammunition mult.
Saddlery, &c. • •• IIS .1. Ill Ml ... lbs. 83
2 ammunition boxes Ml HI «l. ... *» 260
1 paulin . . . . . ... H 10
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
lbs. 353

Phn-.tr mule.
Saddlery, ke. •IS ••• III ♦•• III ... Ibs. 85
2 pioneer rooks ... ii. ... ... tt 206
1 crowbar. . . . . Ill Ml III ••• III ... ,| 12
1 paulin and strap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

lbs. 313

- Subsection three pannier mule.

Saddlery, ke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... lbs. 83
2 panniers. . . . . ••• ... ••• ••• ••• ... || 190
1 paulin and strap . . . . . . . . . . . . . • i. || 12

lbs. 285

il Stores carried in sight box.

Bracket, oscillating, No. 7 dial sight. . . . . . . . . 1
Carrier, No. 7 dial sight, No. 5 . . . . . . . . . 1
Clinometer, sight, Mark I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Sight, dial, No. 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Firing lever ... . . . . . . . . *. . . . . . . .. 1
Clinometer, field, Mark V (in box) . . . . . . . . . 1
Lanyard firing, No. 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
 84

iii. Stores carried in subsection stores pannier.

Boxes, candle, F.S. . . . . . . . . . . . ... i
'Lanterns, tent, folding. . . . . . . . . ... ... ,,, ... i
Chaguls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... (for each section) j
Hammers, claw, 24-oz. . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... i
Pincers, carpenters’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Screwdrivers, G.S. 4-inoh . . . . . (1 extra for each section) i
Spanners, adjustable, 11-inoli. . . . . i
Cordage ■ white, lj-inch (8 fathom longth) ... (for each section) i
,, tarred, 1-inch (8 feet length)... ... ... |f i
Lines, Hambro’. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ii i
,, white . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... I. i
Dubbing ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lbs. 3
Plaster of Paris. . . . . . . . . . . . . (for each battery) oz. 4
Soap, yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bars 9
Lamps, hurricano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Cloth, spongo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Cotton wasto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oz. 1|
Flannelette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yds. 0
Tow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ibs. 4
Box, spare springs, washers, 4c., No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Cans, lubrioating, No. 3. . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 1
,, „ No. 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Springs, clinometer sight, spiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Koys, fuze* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . —
Lanyard, firing, No. 27 . . . . . ... . . . . . . 1
Washer, dmg ... (for each battery) 1
Hammer, lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1
Box, small stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 1
Various springs, screws, pins and washers (seo Handbook).

iv. Stores carried in box, spare parts and tools.

Inbox.
Drift, No. 18, Mark I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Screwdriver, Q.F. 3-7-incli howitzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

* As issued, according to nature of fuzps.in possession.

 85
Spanners, Nos. 309 to 310 . . . . . . . . . each 1
Spanner, adjusting sights, No. 8, Mark I ... ... 1
Tommy, No. 43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1
Tool, withdrawing rings, supporting packing 2
,, adjusting gland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
Wrench, breech mechanism. No. 93. . . . . i
In pocket.
Bush, firing hole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Pin, firing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Screw, fixing oatoh, B.M. lever . . . . . i
Spring, B.S. retaining catch. . . . . . . . . 1
,, catch, B.M. lover . . . . . . . . . 2
,, firing lever axis pin . . . . . . . . . 1
,, main . . . . . . . . . 2
,, trigger sear . . . . . . . . . . . . .

v. StoreB carried in pioneer rack.

Billhooks. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Banderoles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UtSMMi^ O
Cordage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . feet
Axes, felling, with helves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hammers, uphand, 7-lb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hand axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ...
Pickaxes, with helves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heaping hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tits
Shovels, Q.S. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Fruited under the authority ot His Mansart's Statioseet Office,
By Harrison and sons, 1/td., St. Martin’s Lane, London, W.C.2,
Printers In Ordinary to His Majesty.
(D 27/33) Wt.25120—5024/1315 3000 4/23 H & S Ltd. Gp. 27