CHAPTER NO 03: THERMODYNAMICS

3–36 A 1.8-m3 rigid tank contains steam at 220°C. One third of the volume is in the liquid phase
and the rest is in the vapor form. Determine (a) the pressure of the steam, (b) the quality of the
saturated mixture, and (c) the density of the mixture.

3–37 A piston–cylinder device contains 0.85 kg of refrigerant-134a at -10°C. The piston that is
free to move has a mass of 12 kg and a diameter of 25 cm. The local atmospheric pressure is 88
kPa. Now, heat is transferred to refrigerant-134a until the temperature is 15°C. Determine (a) the
final pressure, (b) the change in the volume of the cylinder, and (c) the change in the enthalpy of
the refrigerant-134a.

3–40 A person cooks a meal in a 30-cm-diameter pot that is covered with a well-fitting lid and
lets the food cool to the room temperature of 20°C. The total mass of the food and the pot is 8
kg. Now the person tries to open the pan by lifting the lid up. Assuming no air has leaked into the
pan during cooling, determine if the lid will open or the pan will move up together with the lid.

3–43 Water is boiled at 1 atm pressure in a 25-cm-internal diameter stainless steel pan on an
electric range. If it is observed that the water level in the pan drops by 10 cm in 45 min,
determine the rate of heat transfer to the pan.

3–45 Saturated steam coming off the turbine of a steam power plant at 30°C condenses on the
outside of a 3-cmouter- diameter, 35-m-long tube at a rate of 45 kg/h. Determine the rate of heat
transfer from the steam to the cooling water flowing through the pipe.

3–47 Water in a 5-cm-deep pan is observed to boil at 98°C. At what temperature will the water
in a 40-cm-deep pan boil? Assume both pans are full of water.

3–48 A cooking pan whose inner diameter is 20 cm is filled with water and covered with a 4-kg
lid. If the local atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa, determine the temperature at which the water
starts boiling when it is heated.
Answer: 100.2°C

3–51 A rigid tank with a volume of 2.5 m3 contains 15 kg of saturated liquid–vapor mixture of
water at 75°C. Now the water is slowly heated. Determine the temperature at which the liquid in
the tank is completely vaporized. Also, show the process on a T-v diagram with respect to
saturation lines.
Answer: 187.0°C

3–55 A piston–cylinder device contains 0.1 m3 of liquid water and 0.9 m3 of water vapor in
equilibrium at 800 kPa. Heat is transferred at constant pressure until the temperature reaches
350°C.

(a) What is the initial temperature of the water?

(b) Determine the total mass of the water.
(c) Calculate the final volume.
(d) Show the process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.
3–59 A piston–cylinder device initially contains 50 L of liquid water at 40°C and 200 kPa. Heat
is transferred to the water at constant pressure until the entire liquid is vaporized.

(a) What is the mass of the water?

(b) What is the final temperature?
(c) Determine the total enthalpy change.
(d) Show the process on a T-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.
Answers: (a) 49.61 kg, (b) 120.21°C, (c) 125,943 kJ

3–61 Determine the specific volume, internal energy, and enthalpy of compressed liquid water at
100°C and 15 MPa using the saturated liquid approximation. Compare these values to the ones
obtained from the compressed liquid tables.

3–64 A piston–cylinder device contains 0.8 kg of steam at 300°C and 1 MPa. Steam is cooled at
constant pressure until one-half of the mass condenses.

(a) Show the process on a T-v diagram.

(b) Find the final temperature.
(c) Determine the volume change.

3–65 A rigid tank contains water vapor at 250°C and an unknown pressure. When the tank is
cooled to 150°C, the vapor starts condensing. Estimate the initial pressure in the tank.
Answer: 0.60 MPa

3–66 Water is boiled in a pan covered with a poorly fitting lid at a specified location. Heat is
supplied to the pan by a 2-kW resistance heater. The amount of water in the pan is observed to
decrease by 1.19 kg in 30 minutes. If it is estimated that 75 percent of electricity consumed by
the heater is transferred to the water as heat, determine the local atmospheric pressure in that
location.
Answer: 85.4 kPa

3–67 A rigid tank initially contains 1.4-kg saturated liquid water at 200°C. At this state, 25
percent of the volume is occupied by water and the rest by air. Now heat is supplied to the water
until the tank contains saturated vapor only. Determine (a) the volume of the tank, (b) the final
temperature and pressure, and (c) the internal energy change of the water.

3–68 A piston–cylinder device initially contains steam at 3.5 MPa, superheated by 5°C. Now,
steam loses heat to the surroundings and the piston moves down hitting a set of stops at which
point the cylinder contains saturated liquid water. The cooling continues until the cylinder
contains water at 200°C. Determine (a) the initial temperature, (b) the enthalpy change per unit
mass of the steam by the time the piston first hits the stops, and (c) the final pressure and the
quality (if mixture).

3–75 The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the temperature of the air in the tire. When
the air temperature is 25°C, the pressure gage reads 210 kPa. If the volume of the tire is 0.025
m3, determine the pressure rise in the tire when the air temperature in the tire rises to 50°C. Also,
determine the amount of air that must be bled off to restore pressure to its original value at this
temperature. Assume the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa.

3–76E The air in an automobile tire with a volume of 0.53 ft3 is at 90°F and 20 psig. Determine
the amount of air that must be added to raise the pressure to the recommended value of 30 psig.
Assume the atmospheric pressure to be 14.6 psia and the temperature and the volume to remain
constant.
Answer: 0.0260 lbm

3–79 A 400-L rigid tank contains 5 kg of air at 25°C. Determine the reading on the pressure gage
if the atmospheric pressure is 97 kPa.

3–80 A 1-m3 tank containing air at 25°C and 500 kPa is connected through a valve to another
tank containing 5 kg of air at 35°C and 200 kPa. Now the valve is opened, and the entire system
is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, which are at 20°C. Determine the
volume of the second tank and the final equilibrium pressure of air.
Answers: 2.21 m3, 284.1 kPa