10/10/2023
SWITCHGEAR&
PROTECTION
ENGINEERING(1)
EPM423
Dr. Mai Eladany
Course Grades (70/30)
ASSIGNMENT : (10 POINTS)
Paper
1 Essay
Report
Presentation
Case Study/Small Project
2 physical presence in lecture (5 POINTS)
3 Mid-term Exam (15 POINTS)
Dr. M. eladany
1
10/10/2023
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
Dr. Mai Eladany
2
10/10/2023
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
Dr. Mai Eladany
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
Dr. Mai Eladany
3
10/10/2023
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE
OF POWER SYSTEM
PROTECTION?
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
IMPORTANCE OF POWER SYSTEM 8
PROTECTION
The objective of using this scheme is to keep power
system stable and leaving the network still during
operation.
The main objective of using system protection is to
separate the faulty section from the system to make the
rest of the portion work without any disturbance.
In addition to this, it is used for the protection of power
system and prevent the flow of fault current.
It can help in preventing the continuation of flow by
quickly disconnecting the short circuit.
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
IMPORTANCE OF POWER SYSTEM 9
PROTECTION
If a short circuit persists on a system for a longer, it may
cause damage to some important sections of the system.
A heavy short circuit current may cause a fire. It may
spread in the system and damage a part of it.
The system voltage may reduce to a low level and
individual generators in a power station or groups of
generators in different power stations may lose
synchronism.
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“SWITCHGEAR”
FIRST:
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SWITCHGEAR 11
OUTLINE:
•WHAT IS SWITCHGEAR?
•SWITCHGEAR TYPES.
•MAJOR SWITCHGEAR EQUIPMENT
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
WHAT IS SWITCHGEAR?
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• Switchgear involves the apparatus used for switching, controlling
and protecting the electrical circuits and equipment in the power
system.
• The term “switchgear” is a generic term encompassing a wide
range of products like circuit breakers, switches, off-load
isolators, fuses, contactors, etc…
C37.100-1992 -IEEE Standard Definitions for Power Switchgear:
• A general term covering switching and interrupting devices and their
combination with associated control, metering, protective, and regulating
devices, also assemblies of these devices with associated interconnections,
accessories, enclosures, and supporting structures, used primarily in
connection with the generation, transmission, distribution and conversion
of electric power.
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
WHAT IS SWITCHGEAR? 13
IN-DOOR
OUT-DOOR
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
WHAT IS SWITCHGEAR?
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
WHAT IS SWITCHGEAR?
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
WHAT IS SWITCHGEAR?
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
WHAT IS SWITCHGEAR? 17
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: GEAR OF SWITCHING 18
• Circuit breakers
Switching • Isolators
• Switches
Devices • ATS
• Current Transformers
Control and • Voltage Transformers
Sensing Devices
• Relays
Decision Making • Lightning Arrestors
Devices • Fuses
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SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT 19
DEVICES
OUTLINE:
•WHAT DO WE MEAN BY “ OVER
CURRENT”?
•OVERCURRENT: OVERLOAD AND SHORT
CIRCUIT.
•MAJOR OVER CURRENT DEVICES.
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 20
What do we mean by “overcurrent”?
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 21
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 22
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 23
Conductor
Load
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 24
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 25
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 26
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 27
Differences between overload and short circuit:
Overload Short Circuit
Caused by overloading on Caused by a fault in the
the circuit. circuit.
More than rated current, but
Very large current.
not by much value.
Causes overheating by time
and may causes damage by Causes instant damage.
time.
Power must be disconnected Power must be disconnected
after a period, not instantly. immediately.
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 28
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 29
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: OVERCURRENT DEVICES 30
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: FUSE 31
What is fuse?
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: FUSE 32
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TYPES OF FUSE 33
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TYPES OF FUSE 34
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TYPES OF FUSE 35
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: FUSE 36
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: FUSE 37
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TIME-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 38
OF THE FUSE:
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TIME-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 39
OF THE FUSE:
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TIME-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 40
OF THE FUSE:
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TIME-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 41
OF THE FUSE:
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TIME-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 42
OF THE FUSE:
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TIME-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 43
OF THE FUSE:
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TIME-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 44
OF THE FUSE:
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TIME-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 45
OF THE FUSE:
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TIME-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 46
OF THE FUSE:
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: TIME-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 47
OF THE FUSE:
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: FUSES COORDINATION IN POWER 48
SYSTEM
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: FUSES COORDINATION IN POWER 49
SYSTEM
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: FUSES COORDINATION IN POWER 50
SYSTEM
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: FUSES COORDINATION IN POWER 51
SYSTEM
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: EFFECT OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 52
ON FUSE PERFORMANCE.
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SWITCHGEAR: EFFECT OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 53
ON FUSE PERFORMANCE.
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SWITCHGEAR:
INTRODUCTION TO
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT BREAKERS
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT BREAKERS
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SWITCHGEAR: INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT BREAKERS
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT BREAKERS
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SWITCHGEAR: LOW
VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
BREAKERS
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 60
OVERVIEW
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SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 61
OVERVIEW
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 62
OVERVIEW
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SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 63
OVERVIEW
MINITURE CIRCUIT RESIDUAL CIRCUIT PANEL BOARD
BREAKER BREAKER CONSUMER UNIT
SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 64
OVERVIEW
RESIDUAL CURRENT
CIRCUIT BREAKER(RCCB)
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SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 65
OVERVIEW RESIDUAL CURRENT
CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH
OVERCURRENRT
PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 66
OVERVIEW
MOLDED CASE
CIRCUIT BREAKER
MCCB
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SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 67
OVERVIEW
ACB:AIR CIRCUIT BREAKR (Higher
Current Level)
SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 68
OVERVIEW
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER IN SWITCHGEAR
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SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS
DECREASING BREAKING CAPACITY
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OVERVIEW
The hierarchy is clearly illustrated by the following SLD:
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 70
OVERVIEW
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SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 71
OVERVIEW
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 72
OVERVIEW
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SWITCHGEAR 73
OUTLINE
MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB)
MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCCB)
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER (ACB)
RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER(RCD)
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 74
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SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 75
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 76
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SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 77
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 78
Basic idea of thermal trip:
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SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 79
Basic idea of thermal trip:
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 80
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 81
Magnetic protection concept of MCB:
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 82
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SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 83
MCB Time Current Characteristics:
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 84
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 85
Common MCB current ratings and short circuit capacity:
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 86
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SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 87
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 88
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SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 89
Starting current
Compressor
off
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 90
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SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 91
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 92
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SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 93
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 94
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SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 95
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 96
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SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 97
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB) 98
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SWITCHGEAR 99
OUTLINE
MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB)
MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCCB)
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER (ACB)
RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER(RCD)
SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
SWITCHGEAR: MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCCB) 100
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