DAVID COTTC )N | DAVID FALVEY | SIMON KENT= CONTENTS ee The continous aspect (1-21 Definite and 2010 aritas 6.3) Future continuous, gong fo, present continuous (1.2) Future peafct simple, future | simple 4.3) Modal vere and way of bil ligation (pas ae fare) 5.2) Narrative we ld pet weed to (6.3) Sere Phrasal vet (1.1) Scientific Stuy (1.1) iors 1.2) Collocations (1.3) Environment (22 Adverbs 2.3) ieiors 6.1) Pris, bsetract nouns (3-2 Personality adjectives (4.1) Mecca terms (2.1) loess and medicine 4.2) | transpon (.1) Saley feats (5.1 Callocations 6.21 Word rar the Literatura and ila 1 Aajectives (6.1) Idiomatic exprosions (5.1) Local environment collocaions Ceti’ Article abeut six degrees of separation, ie Leaflet about commaunieatcn Neespipet rele about Axnicteabean Charl uM Loafet about karate eh Aico about being atop alot Four articles about medical brookthauh sai 9 mipavtance 4.1) Factenews ancl about malaria mao the wopie 2} ice abot ionic eyes rp altitutle 6. ‘tice abs books ae ils inering opinion 6.1 Fstract from The Great Gatsby aline report on gendlr and ac Wry fae ae spins (6.3)Five people talking about ‘commanietion habit Radi programe shout gender convention ses aa CComersation brmcen two student counsellors (4) 5 people talking about Ahr cal area 1) Lecture abour yalcanoes ay Phone conversation about 4 proposed wind fam 2.4) Gonversaton with a Teclrer about fquescrnains 2.5) Interview with a arate teacher 8.2) Presentation shout Yura Kim 0.4 Lecturer answesing ‘questions about essay wring 3) Dortor talkiry aout her work (4.1 ‘profesor talk aout rmakiia (1.2) Six doctors talking, about future medical developments (4.3) snes constant talkin about using the inked (5) Lecter ah sg students aout need rsanees 45) Poop alking about transport 1) News eport on tanpovt af the tee 5.2) Discussion on tanspoet problems ‘iscssion aout book on Four poop boos 62) king about Fvepeopc aking about rening habits (6) Convention abt afl ropusd (64 Fe people dcribing 2 ramorlepeseraion 65) Discussing communicating an Discussing nom-verbal communication 1 Taking abut corvent trad ie meen Thinking of ave or senheernen (13) allocations 2.1) Discussing solutions rable 2.1) Discussing the feviranment 2.2) Talking about volcanoes 23) Making shor presentation; posting 23) Weak forms of the C3) Using idioms to tak abot expences (3.1) Rank 3) choroeterities Stressed syllabes (2.1) Discussing redicine ard the neces pcession (4) Plaring a fareeaising day a2) Toling sat hopes or she Fine 4.3) Discussing road salty Gal Making ture predetions (52) Describing. 2 memorable jouwney 53) Used to (63) [Dayeibing a book oF rw on) Discussing flea boos (62) Talking about chillin on ‘Koy language: culling problems, ae, solutions, reacting 10 caarmuaiction problems Scenario: Hat sharing Key language agyecng and spring policy, pole ‘estions Task Atending a formal Scent: Spare Hl Wind Frm ey lnguage Using ceamphasis ane comparison Tasks giving presentation Scenarios Who isthe Gonos? ey language cseursing implications Tasks making cilfcult decisions Sconaio: Medical ey language: te lnguage of mowingssammarsing sk: Evaluating proposals ‘Seer: Boao Key language: persuing Task: making a persceve presentation Sona the new flay project kills / Writing Wilting a ist of advice for | Study Skis vite: Jrns communicating in your | Hammond gives afecure ceuy (1) bout publi gpaking Sy kills: Noe taking from lsteoing oa tae Waiting sil: Weng ‘id checking wales peeruheeking iting a shor surmmay ta] Meet the expert: an a soltion 2.1) ieteview with Dr Andhew Study skill: Disigninga | MeGonile about active Questionnaire question | olan, ering sills: Writing a quesionna Stuy skills: Understanding | Meet the expert: an Essay Questions: imrview with Dr Clzabeth understanding key words, | Purvnel about the scence cxsay vert ch apers Peychodogy Writing sili: A For ana Against Essay introductions, formal expressions Ssuay sil: Evaloting | Meet the expert a» resourceson the internet} intoview with Dr Tina Ghvurduny, shout metic d Wing ashort report on | Meet the experts inter ros salty (1) wth Mons Rajesh stout Stacy scl: Graphs, chat | He Ina wan our 6.3) cond tables ‘ating sill: Describing {infomation in a able; wetingslls show repar: Suc sills: making an | Study kis videos a fective presents, resentation about The Cid theta ehnigues| anh te rayon Teor Wein sis: An online review, acces, adverbs 4 2 |il CONTENTS fern ‘Veh pattems 6.2) adable actives 9.2) ee Relaive clauses (10.2) Reduced relative elses (10:3) Repent speech (1-2 Repeting vers 1.3) ‘Corditionals fa and second 22) Conditionals third snd mixed ‘Language reference (p126-149) | Meet the Expert (p150-154) Neer Ea escbingbulledings 7.1) ‘Article abet 3 famous buikl ions 7.3) a frees 3} Aiele abet usual buenas Ghbistion 1 Online discussion about CColocations (8.1) slebalisation (3.1) iabeanct noir Article about culture mistakes; dea wai Axil about iteration ‘eacperation ashi (8) ‘Art andl ast (91 COntine dixission about a Advert-adjective callocatans (9.2) |" e.1 Onder of adjectives 1.49 Articte abou! photog apy dentin no seterporary Pewsonaty adjectives (10.1) | Webpage about the Belin Phrapal verbs (10.1) 1.1) ‘Word frat (10.2 ‘Wobgiage about poor pressure Iygelvetiyonts (102) leon with mind 10.2 wort rn the tex (10.38 rari (103) couture (11) Univarsty webpage on what | Adjectives (14.29, care; electing on th wy ‘Article sot cultore shock (11.2) Two aitcles about cultural aifrences 60 006 Technology 12.1) Article bot fall invents Oppesies (relies (12.2) ‘oe 12.1) from the wt (12.3) Webpage about the Amshy [eee ee labpage aba ‘Astele about GM foo | Communication Activities (p155-163) | Audioseripts (9164-175)nec) “Architect answering questions ‘hyve architects discusting hotel design 7.4) Five people talking about plobalsation @.1) Rado programme about working imeretionally a Radi inerview aout spornarkat expansion (8.4) Three people talking about Conversation abou an ae aller (94 Lecture about writing a blog 9.5) Lecture about group ‘ais (1011 Rodi alice phono in 8b: pple taking about vost hey ass about thee fultre 11.0) aio discussion about calle shoek (11.2) cultural sakes 11.3) Presentate about Toronto aie Radio kcture about reach i115) ‘ive pecple talking about sgalgets 12.1) Conversation betveen 0 swore (12.4) Conversa nt managers 12) ey Peer ‘Word sees (71) Decribng » building 7-1) Discussing the sue of young perp ving at home 7.21 ‘Sharing inition on brig 2.31 Discussing globalisation; romequences (8.1 sharing inferration about lobe projects 6.3) Discussing what i a Jostyingeplriens (9.4) Describing a wor of art Describing photo (9.2 aicussing public at (9.8) ‘Stress pattems (10.1) Panning a newspaper v0.) Discussing per presice aoa} Tabkiog abe Gras criminals (10.8) Deciding what pot ina tie capsule 111) Discussing culture shock, justying asus (14.2) Deserbing a person (11.2) Discussing call Bsus Ha Discussing technology an Discussing ving without vechnology 112.2) Debating weno (12.3) Key languages talking about requirments Task: daciing on fies inate! Scenario: cn the horizon Key language: lariving Task: aking prt i a slebat Scenario: supermarket superpower key language: decusing implications, offing counter arguments Task deciding an an action plan Seonario: The Russell, Drake Cally Key language: giving and reacting © advice Tasks an adie poe Scenarist What's on your rine ey langue: creating impact ina presentation Task giving a fxmal presentation Searavioe Kaleidoscope werd Key argu thing case for somrahing Tasks conducting a problem-solving meeting Seenaios cehsting problem-solving mei me, Describing a welnown building (7.1) idonttying et ‘Wing skillet an opinion= lec essay, avotcing repetition \Woting your opinion on slonalsaion (8.1) ‘Stuy skill: Surmmaring topic sentences, paraphrasing Writing sls: 2 suramary ‘Study skill Expa ‘our vocabulary: collocations Watng skills An online ling aw) Stuy ls: wring tibliogrophy, referencing wang skills AN advaniages and saebantages essay ‘comple sentences, ‘conclusions isan aticle Deseribing a person ia eck 11-2) Siudy sills: Improving reading dls reading tnd chunking, guessing unknown words, reading linkers iting sil: Formal ceortespondence;llter Iayout, formulaic langwage ule ‘Wit your opinion (12.1) ‘Study skills: Plgnisey nat a how avoid i Waiting se: An pinion atl; stylistic features Meet he Exar an ingrview wits Laura Nav Meet the Export an Ivenaow vty Reha Conk abaue working in obal vrorkplce (6.1) oor the Expert an linerview with Ya Podoiskaya about her mor aa ‘Meet the Expert: an interview with Dr Jack Lewis, a neuroscienis, abou! paychological pechiing (10.3 £ Met tho Expt an ‘iveriew wth Anna Calgary loth ultra! importance ot food (11.5) aia Stary sls video: 2 lect abou plagiarismCommunication 1.1 CONNECTIONS NB te Seat VOCABULARY pene) Seem ra Bree cas SCENARIO Poti eee ror Carnet aCe Bei Gers a ied WRITING SKILLS fi ation, the less we communicate. [0 Priestley, 1841984, British r SPEAKING AND LISTE ING 2a ten to five people talking about their communication habits and answer the questions 1 Discuss these questions in small groups. sack peronengl@ 1-3) 1. How do you communicate with the 2 4 prefers conversations? people below, and how often? 2 met someone by accident? + riends 3, sometimes has technical problems with communication 2 ‘¢ neighbours 4 was suddenly contacted by someone? = online/vinual friends 5 thinks they are not up-to-date in their habits? + followers (on social media & _ is interested in famous people? * family members + colleagues 2b Which forms of communication does each 2 When did you last ... person mention? # send an SMS/text message? 3 Which person is most like you and least like you? * send an email? * write a eter (on paper)? JCABULARY send a greeting card? PHRASAL VERBS + make a phone call? + use social media to contact someone? 4. Match the phrasal verbs from the listening with + speak to someone face to face? their meanings. + make a presentationspecch? 1 gotintouch with a meet by accident 3 How do you prefer people to 2 track down {b maintain a relationship wit}, communicate with yout 3 bump into 6c follow what is happening 4) Which forms of communication do you 4 lose touch with Jd find Use mos! ofien? 5 slayintouch with Ge have no contact with, 5 Which forms of communication are 6 keep track of f exchange the latest news, mos! commen in your country? 7 catchupwith = -g__contact5 Complete these sentences to make them true for you. Compare your ideas with a partner. 1. The best way to track down a person who doesn't 2. [ike to stay in touch with people who ... 3. If Loumped into an old friend after ten years, 6 .. 4 Like to keep track of what my iriends are doing by 6 7 social media is AA persan I have lost contact with who | wish | hadi'tis Its easier to get in touch with people when ... The best time of day to catch up with people is READING 6a Read the title of the article, What do you think it will be about? What do you think are the ‘Six degrees of separation’? Gb Now read the article and check your predictions. 7 Complete the sentences with no more than three words and/or a number. 8 Find verbs and nouns in the article that are connected to scientific study. Discuss these questions in 9 Reacting to th small groups. 1 What is your opinion of the ideas in the article about how closely people are connected? 2 How do you think the interet has improved communication? 3. What are the negative aspects of the internet in relation to communication’ 4 Isany communication seally ‘private’ these days? SPEAKING AND WRITING 10a Work in small groups. Discuss these questions about non-verbal communication in your culture. + Greetings and saying goodbye — What do people do (shake hands, kiss, bow, wave, etc.)? Does age or gender make a difference? 41 The majority of our communication swith + Personal space ~ How near do people usually stand when talking? Do they ever touch? Z_ people: Silence ~ Hi pies ; “ lence ~ How important i this? B Tie i ss of eaten ides tes fo 2 Body language — Do people use a lot of gestures? Ish 1 Strona ec oll atte Which gesturos are common? Are there any gestures 0 __, you should avoid? 4 Thepaicpars only had knowledge cfthe mame, Pe timest location of the target The average number of steps to deliver the packets, was between 6 The results of the experiment appeared ina 7 Areereation of Milgram’s experiment took place 8 The most recent experiment looked at the connections When comm between sociakmedia users, Geena HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE? or 'SIX DEGREES OF SEPARATION' Research shows we have regular communication with between soven and teen people, and that most of our communication fn foct withthe closest five to ten people, However, perheps we are closer to the rest ofthe world than we think. ‘Six degrees of separation’ i the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any ather person through a chain of not more than fue other poopie. Ts caso oe ash to 1229 bok shor stor cle veri is iferent by Hungarian author FrigyesKarinthy. He was very interested in triendship networks and hs ideas inuenced many ofthe eafly eas about social networks. In the 1950s, two scientists tried to prove the theory mathematically, but after twenty years, they sil hadnt been successful In 1967, an Ameccan sociologist called Stanley Milgram triad a new method te tas the theory, which he called the ‘Small-worid problem’. He chose at random a sample of people inthe ridile of America and asked them to send peekages toa stranger inthe state of Massachusetts. The people sending the packazes only knew the name, job and general location ofthe people, Milaram told them to send the package 10 & person they knew personally wha they thought might know the target person. This person would then send the parcel onto a eantact of theirs until the parcel could be personaly deliveresto the correct person. Amazingly, f took ony between ve ‘and seven people to get the packets delivered, and the results were published in ‘the magazine Psychology Today. it was this research that inspired the phrase ‘Sb clenraee of separation. Pee cas 10b How important are the above in more formal situations (giving a presentation/speech, taking part in 1ar/meeting, ete.)? 11. Write a list of the most important things to consider ing with people from your country. Inthe ast few decades, the theory and the phrase has appeared again. It was first the title of a play and then 2 film, Then, in the ‘mig-1990s, two college students invented ‘the game “Six dagrees of Kevin Bacon’. They wondered how many movies the actor had been in, and how many actors he had worked with, The Idea of the game' to link any actor ‘to Kevin Bacon through no more than si links. 1nn2003, Columbia University tried to recreate IMilgram’s experiment on the internet. This ‘became known as the Columbia Small World project. The experiment involved 24,163 ‘email chains with eighteen target people In thirteen different countries. The results confirmed that the average number of links In the chain was si Most recently, an experimentin 2021 atthe University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 millon social media users and ‘ound that 92 percent were comected by only four stages, or five degrees of separation. 50, think about it for a minute. How might you be connected to a celebrity, politician or sports star?READING a Work in groups and discuss how you feel when you have to do these things. + givea presentation + participate in a sominar or meeting + meet new people ‘Th What advice would you give to people who are nervous about all the situations above? 2 Read the leaflet quickly. Are any of the points similar to your answers to Exercise 1b? 3 Read the leaflet again, Match these extracts from Anika Bhaskar's course handouts with the weeks in the leaflet, Decide what you want to say before the seminar Review it in Your mind. Keep rehearsing euntl you can sy it confidant “There's truth inthe old saying “Think before you speak | People from Britain and the USA. ‘round them than othe rationales Th ‘move away wien they feel that others a often lave more space rey are more likely to re Invading thei space People Md you vory quick, so ics very important to make a {004 frst impression. You look much more confident and capable ‘nen you have made an effort to smarten your appearance, Nour voice gives people a clear indication of how you are fealing. Wwe are stressed, our voi and get louder ~ gvirg away our ices can crack under pressure ‘emotions, SS a fen lien you ae siting si. your bry communicsig with S{orTeRe i the audience Am to look confident Remember “Actions speak louder than work. 4 Are these sentences true, false or not given? This course will: + help you ifyou have a speech impediment such asa stammer. 2 teach you how to walk properly 4 Etch You how to be aserive and aggrossive 4 teach you to understand and be aware of your listeners. 5 teach you how to interact sue Participants in a sominar. ssiully with other 3 pothep you to prepare fora presentation, 7 help you to show your tre nature, i ‘The course lasts for twelve weeks and aims to helP ¥° Communicate more efetvay, Facilitator: Anika Bhastear on Avil current carrying ou esearch for har doctoret® OP og ‘ommunicion bari. Sha became interested in coTrN skis while sh Da communicat atm 2 Remain in contol of your emotions and your Maineain good posture sh Propare what: i want to say before ai Use tone to engage people with inceres and excitement a Dress smarty to make @ good impression ‘Communicate in an assertive and not # P oF agaressive style Stay calm and polite ae ail mes Participave actively in seminars Consider your potential lisceners Bea good lstoner Understand cultural differences Be yourself ett as sung for ho MBA aeCOMMUNICATING CONFIDENTLY VOCABULARY 9a Read the beginning of the leaflet and IDIOMS ‘answer these questions. 6a. Match those idioms with their meanings, 1. How is the world of communication changing? Sesion epee batides that tic 2 How is stress in the workplace think before you speak ane eta woe In elgaoaye asingy See Ea be on the same wavelength get straight to the point The present continuous is often used to have a quick word with someone talk about trends. Below are some of talk about the most important thing immediately the most frequently used verbs, together ahaqeial@llae ies with the adverbs they most commonly collocate with in academic texts. hear about a rumour passed from one person to another get a chance to say something talk briefly to someone f what you do is more important than what you say ‘constantly, dramatically, rapidly, frequently constantly, dramatically, change don't start talking until you: have though about what you want to say increase | idly 6b Work with a partner and discuss the questions. Loccur_| frequenily 1 Does it irritate you when people do not get straight to the point? | expang | Constantly, dramatically, 2 When was the last time you felt you were really on the same [ear | rapidly wavelength as someone else? [behave _| differendy 3) Who was the last person to ask to have a quick word with yout aa 4 What have you heard on the grapevine recently? Db Think of as many sentences as GRAMMAR possible about these topies using verbs THE CONTINUOUS ASPECT and adverbs from the Grammar tip box. 7a Underline the seven continuous forms in the leaflet and The web is changing our lives dramatically course handouts. 1 The web 5) Mentbehay The world of communication is changing rapid! 2° Theuseoftablets. 6 The population ESRB 3. Theuniverse 7 Identity fraud 7b Look again at the leaflet and answer these questions. 4 Hurricanes 1. Is the amount of stress in the workplace changing? + of people taking communication courses staying SPEAKING 10a Work in groups and talk about current trends in communication. Think about the following topics. 2 Isthe num the same? 3. Has Anika finished her research? 4 Is Anika’ research for her doctorate temporary or permanent? 5 When did Anika become interested in communication skills? + reading + writing letters 8 Work with a partner and look at the verb forms in the sentences © texting writing emails below. What isthe difference in meaning between cach sentence? the internet ‘smartphones 1a. 'm writing an email to my parents. s tablets © using Twitter b I wtite a letter to my parents every week. * telephoning 2 a Lworkti London. People ave reading fewer novels these days b Fm working in London, but I'm looking for a because they're using computers more. Job In Part 10h Consideting consequences Choage 3 2 wie my ease arrived, ihe var beyned ones. the trend you think is most important, ren my colleague arrived, we had dinner. worrying or interesting, and explain why. 4a Everyone around me cried and screamed. Say how it afects cfferent groups or paris Everyone around me was crying and screaming of society (eg, large families, business 5 @ Vike instant, People, students, publishers, libraries, etc). b_ tam living with my parents al the moment People are texting more and! more these: 6 @ Iwall to work every day days because they find it so convenient. 1 Lam walking t werk tie weak as my carb broken, find this wouying because tatecsfarily relationships. I have even seen people texting atthe dinner table or when they are out for a ‘meal together. Personally, | find t very rude. SS Language reference and extra practice, pages 126-149)HO DOES THE TALKING ISTENING uss this statement in small groups. ‘Men don't know how to listen properly.” 2. EEA Listen to two extracts about men and women ‘communicating. In each case say who the people are and what the situation is, 3 Listen again and answer these questions. 1 What are the following books about? + Talking from 9 10 5 * You Just Don’t Understand * You Were Always Mom's Favorite! 2 What is the essay Would You Please Let Me Finish about What are the different factors that can affect conversational style? 4 What have recent surveys shown? 5. How long has May been married? 6 Why is May feeling sad? 7 How does May get on with her mother-in-law? 8 Does May inten her husband a lot? GRAMMAR THE PERFECT ASPECT 4a Look at this extract from the listening and answer the questions, We've had so many arguments recently and he has moved out Rt Oh, when did he leave? This evening. He phoned me from a café at 5 p.m and asked me to meet him there after work to talk. about our problems. But by the time | arrived at the calé, he had left 1 Is May's husband living in her house now? 2 Dit he live in her house at some time in the past? 3 Who was at the café fist, May or her husband? 4 Were they at the café at the same time? 5 What did the husband do before May arrived? 4b Look at the extract again. Which tense do we Use when we want to suggest a connection between these things? 7 4 past event and the present 2 an-earlier and a later past event 4c Look at Audio script 1.3 on page 168 and undedine examples of the present perfect simple, the past perfect simple and the past simple. > Language refer ence and extra practi pages 126-149, 5 Seven sentences contain a mistake. mistakes and correct them. 1 Tannen wrote many books. 2 1n.2009, Tannen has written You Were Always Mom's Favorite! Have you read any of Tannen’s baoks? ‘When has this book been published? I realised! that we met before, Is this the first time she spokein public? Last night there have been an all-women panel on the show. 8 When |artived at the conference, the main speaker already finished 6 Work with a partner to ask and answer questions about the following topies. Try to develop the conversation. Use the words and phrases in the box. Have you eve?’ — How long ago? When? Whot A: Have you ever sont an aggressive email? 8: Yes, { have. A: When did you tla that? Bs In my ist year at university A: Whe did you send it wt 1 send an aggressive ermal 2 rake woieo ina meeting 3 4 have dream in whieh telllie write a difficult lever use sign language interrupt Upset a iriend when just joking READING Ta Do you agree with these statements? 1 Women talk far more than men, 2, Men talk about sport. Women talls about their feotings. 3. Women and men communicate differently. 7 Read the two extracts from You Just Don’t Understand by the academic Deborah Tannen. What does the author say (if anything) about the statements above? ROTTS Tag Yoh ig Understand SR nreee nets tenetberoct 1 YOU JUST DONT UNDI Put down that paper and talk to mel!’ was singin a suburban livingroom, speakingto women's \goep chachod invitee men ta join them forthe oezasion of ry ‘alk about communica berween women and men. Dug the discussion, one ea wasppartcalaly lla, fll oflenghy 5 camnents and explaneons. When made the observation that ‘nomen often complain that their husbands dn’ tlt them ‘nugh, chisman vohuntcered that he heal aggosd, He gestured ‘ower his wl uo had sarslenly beside himen thecouch throughout che evening, and sa, She's the akerin our family? 1 Byeryone‘in the room burst into laughter. "The man looked puzvled and hur. “it's rue, be explained, ‘When Ieome home from work, Lusually have nothing say, bu she never runs out. Ifieworen’t for her, we'd spend the whole evening in silence" Another woman expressed. similar paradox about her husband: "shuen we go out, he’s te life ofthe party. IFT happen to bein another 00m, [can always hear his voice above the others. But ‘when we're hone, he docsn's have thac much ro say. I do most ofthe talking Who tlls more, women or men? 2 Women arebelcredtorlk woo much Yet sud afer study finds aa ‘niemen who wbkmore -armectings, a mivedgroup dsasions, and incasrooms woere girs and you women stnextto boysor youngmen For ample, communication researcher: Babar and 1 Eakins recorded and seed seer university fcuky meng 2 They ixnd cas, wth one exception, men spoke mene fin an, without exepson, spoke or along pti, ‘put down that paper and talk to me!” or mis women, che langage of con erstan pty a langige af apport way of easing connseconsand negotiating rationships, Emphasis is placed on diplaying Sirs and matching experiences rom cidod, gis + ere pers who iyo stand out or apear beer than oxhers People fel thr se connectns a Rome 08 settings where they feel at home - with one ar a few people they el done io and comfortable with-in other wor, during private spain, But ren she mow publi suaions an be pproecd lite rte speaking For mos: men, tall primaity a mean to pessrve dependence and negotiate ad maintain stu in 1 hierarchical socal order. his is done by exhibicing Imowledge and ski, and by holding centre stage through ' verbal performance suc as storytelling, joking or imparting information, From childhood, men learn :o use talking as 2 way to getand keep attention, So they are more comfortable speaking in lngor groups made up of people they know less well ~in the broadest sens, ‘public speaking’ | eBuceven the most privare situations san be approached like poblie speaking, oe lke giving a report than cotablishing appor. TALKING? Ww 10 DOES TH Ba Read the two extracts again and complete these statements with M (men) or W (women). 1 ___ Tike to stand out 2 prefer private speaking, 3 ____ often speak for longer. 4 are concemed about their rank and position in society. 5 __like to find things that are almost the same between people. 6 often dont say much at home 8b Underline the sections in the extracts that gave you this information. 9 Identifying stylistic devices Look at the two extracts again and underline examples of the following stylistic devices. + anecdotes (hot interesting stories about a person or even’) + sing questions to raise interest ‘© using contrast # direct speech VOCABULARY COLLOCATIONS 1a Underline the nouns in Extract 2 which collocate with verbs 1-6. 1 establish (x2) 4 maintain 2 negotiate x2) 5 exhibit 3. display © impart 10b Complete the sentences using the colloc Exercise Wa. 1. Many businesses have with local universities, 2. Psychology students need to ofthe differences in gender communication, 3. This book looks at the difficulties young people can have when they with friends and family. 4. The Nordic countries as well as differences in terms of culture, In sharp contrast to the communication style of men, wiich seeks to establish and ___ane dominance, ‘women’s communicating is more equal 6 Communication isthe art and technique of using, words effectively to or ideas, SPEAKING Ta Work with a partner to think of three pieces of advice for men communicating with women, and women communicating with men, Use the information in this unit, and your own ideas. 11h Work with another pair to share your ideas. Choose the three best pieces of advice.IHARIN: 1 Look at the poster below and discuss the que: | with a partner a: ) 3 3 ‘What services does the Advice Centre offert Have you ever used a service like thist Would you use it What kind of problems do you think the Advice Centre has to deal with? 2. EEE Two counsellors from the Advics Centre are discussing the financial problems of Marco, a student at | the university. Listen and answer the questions, | 1 What are the reasons why Marco cannot pay his rent? 2 Why is Marco in a ‘difficult situation’? | 3 What solutions does Carol propose to solve | Marco's problems? | | Westfield University | | | Student Advice Ce Got a problem? We're here to help. | Come and see us with any problem, big or small, We deal with emotional matters, financial tifficulties, problems with studies, problems between flatmates ... anything you want, OUTLINING PROBLEM: REAC OFFERING SOLUTIONS, ING TO SUGGESTIONS 3a Listen to the counsellors again and tick the expressions inthe lst that you hear 1 The problems, he's been spending too much money 2 Well, the way get a loan, Him not sure it’s the right thing the toubleis, i’ the third time He can't go on like that bis One way of dealing with this could be to look at weekly expenses Mmm, great sugee 8 Well, there’ 9 We to sort it out, surely, is to tell him 1 todo, Carol. e's run out of money 7 stion. $n obvious solution Could talk to the owner of the flat 10 That seers the best way to deal with it Bb Match the expressions in Exercise: 3a with thes? language functions, + outlining problems + offering solutions react 1B t0 suprestions $e Practise saying the expressions 34 Match expressions a-g withthe functions in ero# That seems to be the Wa tricky situ The best w Wes best way forward ation because ay to deal with itis to Vicious circle, That might wall solve the The trouble is 8 That makes sense to me e Work with a partner to discuss the situation he below and suggest solutions, Try to use some oft “xpressions from the Key language. Marco works every evening in a cafe to make moe money. Asa re Sull, he often oversleeps ancl mises © Morning lectures, ey wrens, eer problem,SOLVING COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS 5 Martin, Paul, Stewart and Carlos are students sharing a flat for a year. Read about them and discuss what problems could arise because of their different personalities 6a The students are having problems together. Work in groups of four. You are counsellors at the Advice Centre and are helping the students to sort ‘out their problems. Each of you has met one of the flatmates. Read the notes of your conversation. Counsellor A: look at page 155, Counsellor B: look at page 15: Counsellor C: look at page 161 Counsellor Ds look at page 163, wart (English), ungest e is studying Languag nd lacking contide Iypical introvert loves traveling and ntinually litte roo, d friend m, has been laying in the flat fe doas not like face:to- ‘Martin (English), aged 21 lugying Enginecring, A sttong personality upset peopl Us he usually speates i mind. He tikes to organs things ond plans his ie ne has already pul u veil natices rerrindling is flatmates fo keep Ihe E Gb In your group, share information about the four students. Explain the point of view of the student you met. ‘Ge Discuss the flatmates’ problems and suggest solutions. Think about the questions below to help you. 1 Why are the students having so many problemst 2 Da they need more rules to improve rclations in the flat? 3. Should they continue to live together? 4 Should they try to cance! their contract with the ‘owner of the flat? What is the best solution to their problems? Gd Asa clas, discuss the solutions you have thought of, What is the best solution 7 Discuss which student you would most like to share a flat with, and give reasons. Which one would you least like to live with? Fasy-going, confie spy or | relaxed. He spend | ot of telephoning his fomily Janeiro, Bret kin nailing Io fiends An untidy person, fy lavourite past Paul (American), oa Doth his parents ar tor lawyers in the Unit Slates, Encouragac nts, Ne is a Law, Ambiti ho spancls most of t day and nigh! reading low books and vriting assignments. He |/RITING SKILLS STUDY SKIL NNOTE-TAKING FROM LISTENING TO A TALK 1 Youare going to watch someone giving a lecture about public speaking, Discuss these questions in small groups. 41 Have you ever made a speech? How did you feel? 2 What tips do you think will be given? 3 What would you like to know about? 2a ol) Formal talks, such as lectures, are usually structured in a very clear way, with ‘signposts’ to help listeners, Match headings 1-5 with examples a-e, 1 Introducing what is to come Sequencing Signalling the main point Rephrasing Exemplitying J intend to discuss In other words, The most important thing .. 2 3 4 5 a For instance, b c d © Firstly, Lwant to 2b What other phrases do you know for each heading? 3 HBB so0-tone Watch the first part of the lecture by James Hammond and make notes of the main points. 4a Compare your notes with a partner and discuss the questions. 1_Did you note the same information? 2 Did you make notes in the same way? 3 Which of the phrases from Exercise 2 did you hear? Which did you find most useful for your notes? 4b Which of these techniques did you use in your note-taking? arrows using headings/colours using a lot of space underlining key words Using capita letters for very important ideas and points your own sysiem of abbreviations and short forms (ea. using one letter to mean a word or topic, S= speech, C = communication) 5 “HEA Watch the second part of the talk and make notes of the main points. Use techniques from Exercise 4 which you think might be useful. 6 Compare your notes with the notes you made in Exercise 3. Is the second set of notes better or clearer? 7 Work in small groups and reconstruct what you heard using your notes. Look at the Video script on. page 168 and check your ideas. 8 Discuss these questions. 41 Do you agree or disagree with any of the advice given by Jamest 2 Can you add anything else? 3. What is your opinion of the communication style of James? WRITING SKILLS ‘WRITING AND CHECKING WRITTEN COMMUNICATION 9 Work with a partner to discuss these questions. 1 How often do you write emails? 2 How often do you send letters (either on paper or attached to emails)? 3 Da you write more emails for formal or informal situations? 4 Can you remember the last three emails you wrote? Who were they to? What was their purpose? 10 Register Read the two emails sent to the lecturer James Hammond. in each case, what is the relationship between the writer and James? How do you know this? Deor NM Harnmond, 1 | ottended your lecture on public speaking at the ‘Communication Skills confererice in London last week tand | was very impressed. | am involved in organising something similar and | would like to invite you to speak ct our conference in Milan, aly, on 15 May, The talk would need to fost for 60 minutes (45 minutes for the talk and 15 minutes for questions). Please find allached a documeni giving full details of the programme, Should you have any further questions, piease do not hesitate to contoc! me, Look forward jo hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Elena Conti Conference Organiser J Hi James, Great tak last week on public speaking | really enjoyed it. Do you want to give a talk at an indusity thing Im geting together in tly in May? The session needs fo be an hour {45 rnin for the talk ‘and 15 mins questions} See attached forthe tull prog ‘Any problems or quaries, ust le! me know, fSTUDY AND WRITING SKILLS 11 Complete the table with expressions from the email 13. Complete the table with expressions from the two replies in Exercise 12, EE Future contact Ending 12 the replies to the two emails are below, but they are jumbled. Decide which sentences go with which ‘email and put them in the correct order. ey Ee Email 1 | (iormal) Greeting —— - bese Thanking Request eee et 2 = Giving bad news Mention of —oo ——|- attachment Offering help 7 ‘Additional [- ‘Apologising information — Email 2 {informal} _| a a Dear Ms Conti, b Sorry, but | won't be able to make it this year as lve already got something on. © Once again | would like to apologise for not attending this year and for any inconvenience caused, 4 lamajraid that Iwill be unable to attend the conference this year due to a prior engagement. If you want, {can see if can find someone to step in. FAnpway, sorry again for not coming and I hope it doesn't put you out too much, gYourssincerely, james Hammond h Hilisa, i Thank you for your email of 5 February inviting me to speek at the conference in Milan, aly. j Please let me know about any other stuff you are doing in the futur. k IF you wish, | could recommend one of my colleagues to speak in my place. 1 Thanks for the invite to talk at the conference in Italy. 1m Please do not hesitate to contact me should you ‘organise another conference in the future. Best, James | Future contact 14 From your analysis of the four emails list the ‘general features of formal and informal language. In faformal language: missing out words, 15a Work with a partner. Choose one situation each and write an email. 1. Your college or workplace is opening a new building. Last week, you saw a television news item about the project. There was an interview with a former ‘employee who worked in the old building for fifty years. Write an email inviting hinvher to make a speech as part of the opening ceremony. 2A friend is returning soon from a study trip abroad. ‘Write an email inviting him/her to give a talk to a ‘group who will go on the same study trip this year. “The talk should be about his/her experiences, and give some ‘survival’ tips 15b Peer-checking Exchange your email with your partner. Check your partner's email for mistakes, using the system below. Unlike notes which ate only for you to understand, ‘writing needs to be accurate to communicate effectively. People will also judge you on the accuracy (of your writing, whereas they may judge speaking on communicative abilily alone. Reacers need ta GRASP your message: |G = Grammar: check it! R Register: fs the level of formality correct andl consistent? | A-Appropriacy of wocabulry is itthe right meaning andl register? P— Punctuation (commas, full stops, capital letters, ct.) 15¢ Write a suitable reply to your partner’s email.2 IN THIS UNIT Prins VOCABULARY SCENARIO ai ae entnre re r vem Bete Gunter) The environment is everything which fsr’t me. LISTENING AND VOCABULARY LOCAL ENVIRONMENT COLLOCATIONS 1 Work with a partner and answer the questions, 1 What sortof area do you live in? Choose words from the box woan rural suburban residential traditional smart inner-city coastal up-and-coming long-established recently developed 2 How would you describe your area to a visitor? 2 ERE Listen to three people taking part in a survey about their local area, Complete the table. | foot | [aviattugyite | T | ase Abort Finste 879-1955, 6 Environment 2.1 LOCAL ENVIRONMENT 3 Complete collocations 1-20 with the words im the boxes. Listen again to check. 1 2 3 i 5 6 7 8 9 10 abandoned transport atmosphere hour house rate pollution ca = Pte environment points farm detached rush desirable _ noise natural wing cultural — ‘cosmopolitan crime recycling fie a iiendly wa mindlesss renewable urban apartment environmental —— he'shbourhood — spaces Connections vandalism congestion —— ety cars. beet>RONUNCIATION 4 EB Collocations Underline the main stress in each collocation in Exercise 3. Then listen and check. READING 5 Work with a partner and discuss this list of problems. Which are the worst, do you think? Can you add any others? + noise from traffic + graffiti + people drinking in the street + litedrubbish young peoplevchildren misbehaving —* dog mess * abandoned vehicles * vandalism * noise from neighbours 6 Read the article and answer the questions. 1 How many people took part in the survey? Which groups of people have a particular problem with noisy neighbours? ‘According 10 the survey, how many people have protested to their local government, the police or to their neighbours? According io the article, why is transport noise not a bigger problem? 7a Match words or phrases in the article with their meanings 1-8. results (paragraph 1) survey (paragraph 1) subjects often discussed or argued about (paragraph 2) size/level (paragraph 3) become unaffected by (paragraph 4) closely connected with (paragraph 4) rot thinking about other people’s feelings (paragraph 4) something very important (paragraph 5) 7b Match the highlighted phrases in the article with functions 1-4 1 introduce who asked for the survey (2 phrases) 2_gives the purpose of the survey (1 phrase) 3 compare two results of the survey (2 phrases) 4 introduce facts from the survey (3 phrases) Ba Identifying similarities and differences Look again al the facts in the article and make notes on the similarities and differences between the article and your country in general, and your local area. 8b Work with a partner to summarise your ideas. SPEAKING AND WRITING 9 Work with a partner to discuss solutions to the problems you identified in Exercise 5. 10 Write a paragraph summarising your solution to ‘one of the problems. Noisy neighbours and all the things that drive us mad BY ROSSiYoAR eas Noisy neighbours, uncollected litter and graffiti are among the things that really annoy us, aecarding “to‘a new survey. The findings come from a Mori poll of more than 2,000 residents in thres UK cities ~ London, Dundes and Newcastle, "The government-commissioned survey revealed that other issues, such as dog mass and abandoned vehicles, also cause so much anxiety that they can affect our quality of li ow people respond to noise, the "survey also established the extent to which we are troubled by other anti-social problems While almost one in three people said noisy neighbours were a problem, they placed it eighth ‘on a list of what troubled them most. They were more than twice as concerned about litter and rubbish the main problern to affect their cuality of ite. They said noise 0 abandoned cars and drinking in the street, Honever, the effect of noisy neighbours among residents already dissatisfiod with their home — iumping to soconel piace. It is also the second biggest quality-of-life issue among residents in medium. or highrise flats. “The Stil carried litter the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs — found that loud music, shouting and banging attracted far more complaints than noisy parties. As many 28 two in ve people annoyed by noise have complained to their council or the police, while one in four have complained directly to neighbours, The'survey finds that while people are able to develop ‘immunity’ to tratfic and trains, they see neighbourhood noise as being synonymous with a lack of consideration’. The Environment Minister said tackling noise pollution was a government priorityREADING AND VOCABULARY THE PNVIRONMENT 1 Work in groups and discuss these questions. 1 Can you give an example of extreme weather in your country? 2. What are the causes of climate change? 3 What effects of global warming can be seen today? Match words 1-10 with their meanings a-j emissions 6 habitat fossil fucls 2 ecosystem deforestation 8 glaciers species 9 drought extinction 10 famine v a group of animals or plants of the same kind when a type of animal or plant stops existing the natural environment in which a plant or animal ives ‘long period of weather whe there is not enough water fuels such as coal or oi that are produced by animals or plants decaying over millions of years ‘when a large number of people have litle food for a Jong time and some peaple die all the animals and plants in an area and their relationship to each other and their environment ' hh substarices that are seat out into the air Fa large mass of ice that moves slowly down a ‘mountain valley J. when all the trees in an area are destrayed 3 Read the article and complete gaps 1-8 with headings a-j. There are two extra headings. Melting glaciers £ More wildfires Spread of disease g Sea lovel rise ‘Arctic sea ice shrinking, Increased flooding Decline in polar bears More intense hurricanes Increased drought J Thveals to forests 4 Road the article again and decide what these numbers refer to, 11-64 20-30 tworthirds 90 2000-2009 50 5 tae ‘©. Underline all the sources in the article and answer the questions. 11 What information are they linked to? 2 What phrase (e.g. according to) is used? 6 Work with a partner and discuss the questions. 41 Which of the effects of global warming do you think is the most dramatic? 2 Hyou could save one species at threat from extinction (¢g. polar bears, tigers, gorillas, giant pandas), which would it be? 3. ‘Global warming is a myth’ Do you agroe? 4 What ean people do to be more environmentally fiiendly? Climate change impacts The effects of warming on our world can » today The Earth could warm between 1.1 and 6.4°C this century if we fail to reduce emissions from burnin fossil fuels and deforastation - devastating the natural world we love: Impacts on the world around u: Loss of species Thousands of species risk extinction from disappearing habitat and changing ecosystems According to the IPCC, climate charyge vl put some 20-30 percent of spacies plobally at an increasinaty high risk of extinction, possibly by 2100. 1 Acti Sea 162 16 the polar bear's feeding habitat. As sea ice disappears, the death rate of bears rises. The US Geological Survey has werned thet two-thirds oF the world's polar bear populations could be lost by the mid-century as sea ice continues to retreatCoral whitening Coral reefs are highly sensitive to sinall changes in water temperature. Heat causes corals to lose the algae that feed them, which leaves coral white. Continued warming could al whitering to become an annual event within the decades, destraying many reef ecasystems. nxt f 2 The US Geological Survey reports that slight changes in the climate may esutt in sudden changes in ecosystems, These may be mpossible ta reverse. The Racky Mountains inCanarla ‘and the US have been losing ther forests at a worrying rate since 2000 due to the increase of tree-tlling insects. Thinning ice, rising seas Rising 5295 are one of the most cortain effect sbal warming, as warming ocean waters expand and of melting glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets add more water to the oceans. 3 Satelite images show that the extent of Arctic summer sea ice has been melting at an increasing rate and almost 9 percent of it has disappeared per decade since 1979 4 - ‘Arecent IPCC report predicts that cea levels could rise 25-38 ‘centimetres by 2100 if current warring pattems continue. 5 ‘A 2005 survey of 442 glaciers from the World Glacier Monitoring Se vice found that 90 percent of the world’s glaciers are shrinking as the planat warms. ‘Threats to people around the globe Extreme weather will become more frequent - and more dangerous. The World Meteorological Organisation reported, tat 2000-2009 was the hattest decade on record, with eight of the hottest LU years having occurred since 2000. fe The recent IPCC report concludes that very heavy rein has increased in froquency during the Inst 50 years and that ‘global warming has been a factor Ph ‘There have alco been increased periods of drougt, particularly in parts of Africa and Asia suffering From famine, According to the National Centre For Atmospheric, Research, the percentage of the Eartl's surface suffering drought has more than doubted since the 1970s. 8 Diseases such as malaria cout Control in areas where itis currently too cold for them to spread year round. As tarperatures rise, deseases can grow, ome rove ficult to RAMMAR PRESENT PERFECT SIMIPLE AN > CONTINUOUS 7a Read these sentences that describe a similar situation and answer the questions, a I've been working for the US Geological Survey for the last three months on a temporary contract. by Yve worked for the US Geological Survey for three months now and this is my last day in the office 1 Which sentence uses the present perfect simple? Which uses the present perfect continuous? 2 Do both sentences refer to the same period of timer 3 Do both sentences refer to a time starting three months ago and lasting up to now? 4 Which sentence emphasises a completed action? 5 Which sentence sees the action as temporary ancl incomplete at the moment that iti talked about? 7b Underline examples of the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous in the article. Why has the writer used these forms in each case? Language reference and extra practice, pages 126-149 B Complete the sentences with the present perfect, iple or present perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets, Sometimes both forms are correct, 1 Intceland, the ice __ (disappear) at an alarming rate, 2 The Dead Sea Ghrink) at the rate of one metie per year 3 Rising sea levels mean that some reclaimed land in low-lying areas (alreadyNanish). 4 |___bwork) on the environmental project all year, 5. The Environment Agency __(send) over 115,000 warnings to people at risk of flooding 6 Theenvironmental lobby ___ (ry) to get the government to reduce CO, emissions for ages. 7 Some scientisis____ (question) the impact of, climate change. 8 TheIPCC__—_ Gjust/publish) their latest report SPEAKING 9 Work in groups. Talk about your environment using the present perfect simple and continuous. Discuss some of these topics. + the weather + the seasons + wildife + endangered species + sea lovels of attention to boeal Our class has been paying f environmental news over the past couple of years, end we now know that honey bees have been disappearing ian alarming rate, A top scientist has wamed that these ‘eos could be wiped out th a few yearsEXTREME ENVIRONMENT SPEAKING AND LISTENIN 1 Work with a partner to brainstorm everything you know about volcanoes in two minutes, 2 Guess the answers to this qui ‘What do you know about Volcanoes? | Decide if these statements are true or false 1. Volcanoes are a natural way that the Earth and other planets have of cooling off. | The biggest volcano on Earth is Mauna Loa in Hawaii. 3. Most volcanoes are found around the rim of the Allantic Ocean, There are volcanoes around the coastline of Antarctica, * 5 There are no underwater volcanoes 6 About fifty volcanoes erupt each year. | Theremperauure of ava lows can teach 125°C. | 8 People can never go inside volcanoes. 9. There is a large voleano under Yellowstone Park in the USA. 10. Vesuvius is a famous active volcano in Italy. 3 IEEE Usten to someone talking about volcanoes and answer the questions 1. What is the situation? 2 Whatis the relationship between the speaker and the listeners2 3° How many questions are asked? 4 Listen again and check your answers to the quiz. GRAMMAR INDIRECT QUESTIONS 5a Look at the direct questions below. Then look at Audio script 2.3 on page 168, find exactly how they were asked and write them in the table. 1 Whats the biggest volcano in the woke the biggest volcano | inthe work ise 2 Can people go inside volcanoes? 3 Is Vesuvius an active volcano? 4 Why do voleanoes stop erupting? 5 Isthe Chilean Copahue voleano | sate for local poopie? 5b Why does the professor use a direct question (What Can bask what the | 5c Look again at the indirect questions in Exercise Sa, Are these statements true or false? 1. We use the word order of affirmative statements in indirect questions. 2 Weuse if or whether to introrluce indirect yes/no questions, 3. We do not use the auxiliary df in present simple indirect questions, 4 Indirect questions always end with a question mark. % Language reference and extra practice, pages 126-149 Ga Change the direct questions into Use introductory phrases from Exercise 5a, 1 How high is Mauna Loat Vd fike to know how high Mauna toa is, scl questions, 2 How many volcanoes erupt each year? 3. What causes a volcano to erupt? 4 Whatis the biggest volcano in the USA? 5 Which volcano has been showing a lot of activity recently? 6 When did Vesuvius destroy Pompeii? 7 When did Vesuvius last erupt? 8 Doallot of people live near Vesuviust Gb Work with a partner. Ask and answer the indirect {questions in Exercise 6a. Look at Audio seript 2.3 on page 169 to help you. READING 7 Read the extracts from Bill Bryson's A Short History of Nearly Everything on page 21 quickly and number the topics in the order they are mentioned. a a famous Italian volcano b the evacuation of Yellowstone the width and thickness of the Yellowstone valcano, d__ the author meeting the park geologist, fe carthquakes B Read the extracts again and answer the questions in your own words. 11 What does the title, dangerous beauty, meant 2 What are the approximate dimensions of Yellawstone Park? 3 Why, if Yellowstone blew, is ‘the cataclysm pretty well beyond imagining’? 4 Does Doss know how much warning would be given if Yellowstone was ‘going to go'? 5. Why does Doss say that warning signs of an eruption would not be easy to predict at Yellowstone? 6 Why would evacuating Yellowstone ‘never be easy’? VOCABULARY ADVERBS 9 Match the highlighted adverbs in the extracts with adverbs in the box with a similar meaning, deliberately mainly normally perhaps relativelyYellowstone: DANGEROUS-BEAUTY YELLOWSTONE, IT TURNS shaking hands when we met at the ‘So it could just blow without OUT.IS ASUPERVOLCANO. > parc headquarters at Mammoth warning?" It sits on top of an enormous Hot Springs early on a lovely He nodded thoughtfully. The hot spot, a reservoir of molten morning in June. trouble, he explained, is that rock that begins at least 2,000 nearly all the things that kilometres down in the Bartt Tasked him what caused = = would constitute warning signs fanil:ciaea tacrieay- Bia Sunita, Yellowstone to blow when itdid. — Syeaddy exist in some meneure forming what is known as a Don't know. Nobody knows. at Yellowstone, ‘Earthquakes superplume. The heat from the _Voleanoes are strange things. are generally a precursor of 1» hot spot is what powers all of We really don't understand © voleanic eruptions, but the parle Yellowstone's vents, geysers, them at all. Vesuvius, in Italy, allready has lots of earthquakes hot springs and popping mud —_was active for three hundred “twelve lnindied and sixty of pots, Beneath the surface isa © years until an eruption in 1944 them last year. Most of them magma chamber that is about and then it just stopped. [t's are (00 small to be felt, but they 15 72 kilometres across ~ roughly _been silent ever since. Some _w are earthquakes nonetheless.’ the same dimensions as the volcanologists think that it is park -and about 13 kilometres recharging ine big way, Which ——_seyacuating Yellowstone would thick at its thickest point. The» ig a little worrying because tWo ever be easy. The park ects pressure that such 2 pool of million people live on or around Some three million visitors a 1» magma exerts on the erust it. But nobody knows.” year fuiettisin thaiires-penkc above has lifted Yellowstone ‘And how much warning would t summer months. The park’s ‘and its surrounding territory you get if Yellowstone was going roads are comparatively few about half a kilometre higher to go?" and they are kept intentionally narrost, partly to slow traffic, partly to preserve an air of » picturesgueness, and partly because of topographical constraints. At the height of summer, it ean casily take half fa day to erose the parle and % hours to get anywhere within it. than they would otherwise be. If le shrugged. Nobody was 1 blew, the cataclysm is pretty He shrugged. Nobosly ; - around last time it blew, so ve bee eee nobody knows what the warning signs are. Probably yau would » have awarms of earthquakes and some surface uplift and possibly some changes in the patterns of bebaviour of the geysersand steam vents but, extract from Bill Bryson's A Short | «s nobody really knows." Diclonra Neary Bieri It may not feel like it, but you're standing on the largest active volcano in the world,” Paul Doss, Yellowstone National Park geologist, told me soon after climbing off an enormous Harley-Davidson motorcycle and SPEAKING aa 10a Work in groups of three. Read one short text each Waich an interview with Dr Andrew about a voleano and make notes on the key points. McGonigle, a volcanologist, about active volcanoes. Student A: look al page 155, Turn to page 150 for video activities Student B: look at page 157, Student C: look at page 161 10b resenting, Take turns to give a one-minute presentation on your volcano from your notes. At the end of each presentation, ask the presenter politeSCENARIO PARROW HILL WIND FARM A British power company has identified a good site fora wind farm in the north of England. The proposal is for a wind farm of eighty turbines over a large area. Each tower will be 60 metres tall and have a turbine which is 35 metres in diameter, The wind farm will cover an area of several kilometres and take five years to complete, ‘As fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil are being used Up, governments are keen to find akemative soureas | of energy, especialy those that do not emit carbon dioxide. Nuclear power is one possible source, Dut many people have doubts about its safety. Renewable ‘energy sources include solar, wave and wind power, The UK Government is keen to use these sources of power. and hopes to generate 15 percent of ts energy | needs from renewable sources by 2020. However, some people feel that onshore wind farms spoil the landscape, particularly in countryside areas where they are isually sited. Many paople argue that they are Lunpleasant eyesores which damage the enjoyment of areas of outstanding natural beauty. Other people argue that wind power is simply not reliable as an energy source, as wind Is variable and unpredictable, ae 1 Read the situation and background information above and answer the questions. 1 What sources of energy are mentioned? What advantages and disadvantages are given for the energy sourcest 2 Which facts and fi igutes indicate thatthe wind farm will be large? 2 ERE Usten toa government oficial talking toa Power company representative. They are discussing Proposed wind farm, Answer the questions. 3 Whats the atttude of each speaker toa public moetna! 2° Whats John Reynolds wortied about? 3 What do they decide in thee endl? KEY LANGUAGE AGREEING AND DISAGREEING POLITELY, POLIT QUESTIONS 3a Put words from the conv ‘order. Use contractions ooking / one / it are ! because / tight versati where necessary. of way / is f but / at / that / 1 2 / you 7 absolutely 3 likes ay know / to / would, on 4 point / you / have / but / a / think / do f not / Y° @ interested 717 knowing / am / in very fis / true / that / because: 7 60 thee 17 because / you / long / would! ¥4P 3b Listen again and cheek your answers. ‘ Practise saying the expressions, Pay careful attenti” ‘© pronunciation and se contractions.TTENDING A FORMAL MEETING To discuss the Sparrow Hill yind far ‘Timez proposals Date: 15 july ‘Venue: Merlin Sports Centre All welcome to) 5a Work in groups of five, You are going to atend the Public meeting. Read your role cards and prepare for the meeting. You can add your own ideas. Student A: look at page 155, Student B: look at page 157, Student C: ook at page 161 Student D: look at page 163 Student E: look at page 163, Sb Hold the meeting. Ask your questions and give Your opinions. Try to persuade the other people at the ‘meeting to accept your ideas, Se Mect asa class. Report back on the result of your meeting 6 What do you think would happen in your country with a similar proposal? Asking polite questions Could you tell me (what)... | was wondering (ifwhat) Putting your point of view across forcefully 11m absolutely certain that {really believe that There's no doubt in my mind that Vm totally convinced that Being diplomatic That's a good point, but .. Yes, | see what you mean, butKILLS ' DESIGNING 4 QUESTIONNAIRE 1 Questionnaires are used to gather data for surveys and reports. They usually provide up-to-date information or find out people's attitudes and behaviour. you have answered a questionnaire recently, what was it about? Which organisations frequently use questionnaires to gather information? 3. Which of the following are you most likely to answer: posta, telephone, or online questionnaires? Why? 2 IER Listen toa lecturer piving a presentation about questionnaires. Answer the questions. 11 What two key points does she mention about designing questionnaires? What two types of question are mentioned? Which type of question will provide more information? 2 : 3 Listen again and complete the sentences. Use a maximum of three words for each sentence. 1. Short questions are better because if you ask long tones, people won't bother Open questions allow people to answer With closed questions, the person answering, has _ {takes a lot longer to analyse the answers to When using open questions, itis important to ask for onlyone Questions should be clear and well structured so that people can see the point ‘the art ofa questionnaire you should as 8 When designing a questionnaire, you need to look ahead and consider how you're going to 2 3 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS da Ov Look at extracts AG from a ‘questionnaire and match them with the descriptions 1-7. Descriptions of question types 1. Closed questions requiring the answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’. 2 Questions which require a respondent to indicate hhow frequently they do something, 3° Questions requiring respondents to tick items in lists or boxes. ‘Questions requiring a choice between alternatives, 5 Questions which require a figure or limited number of words. Open questions beginning with what, who, wiy, etc. Questions which require the respondent to choose & number on a scale. tion type © what department are you in? How many students arein your clss? © Tek the boxes wl apply to you | undergraduate o postgraduate a other a 2 course a research o Yes q © 00 you eet sere rng your stuns? No Q leval of stress. [cori Soseania soe eerie | i @ ® Ie What do you think are the main causes of stress I° ope aeenrt for students? @ wren voutsyou preter? 8 Fewer course assignments and more tests and examinations |» fewer tests and examinations and more course assignments © How often do you feel stressed? Circle the appropriate letter. rarely sometimes © often © always5a Look at these questions from a questionnaire. Tick the good questions and cross the poor questions. 5b Work with a pariner and discuss how to improve the ‘poor’ questions. Suggest alternatives. Graney OUESTIONNAIRE 4. How old are you? Tick the appropriate box. 15-200 20-200 308 2 Do you believe it is necessary to save energy in the home? Tick the appropriate box, Yes NoO 3 Do you have a gas boiler and is it new and fuel-efficiont? 4 Do you replace light bulbs in your house/flat? 5 Which of the following energy-saving activities are you doing? Tick the appropriate boxes. Wearing jumpers and cardigans in the house to keep heating at a low temperature. Having fewer baths and more showers, o Driving an energy-saving car (e.g. a hybrid car. C1 Using as few lights as possible and turning them off as soon as you don'tneed them. Installing solar panels to light and heat your house STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS Pa WRIT KILL WRITING A QUESTIONNAIRE 6 Read about the Save Our Earth organisation. What issues do you think SOE will list in the questionnaire they are going to prepare? Note down a few key environmental issues. Save Our Earth (SOB) is an environmental organisation founded two years ago. It aims to raise awareness among young people of environmental issues and to encourage them to take action to protect the environment. ‘Members of SOE are meeting to prepare a questionnaire which will be sent to young people aged 15-30, The questionnaire will gather information about young people's atiludes to a number of environmental matters 7 [EMAL Listen to the first part of an SOE meeting. What basic information about respondents will SOE ask for? 8 Listen again. Note down the issues they plan to include in their questionnaire. Are they the same as the ‘ones you chose in Exercise 62 9 ERM Listen to the next part of the meeting and tick the questions which will be included in the ‘questionnaire, 1. How important each issue is for them 2 Why they chose the most important issue. 3 What they do to protect the environment 4 How aware and worried respondents are about ‘each issue. 5 If respondents are able to give money to SOF. 6 respondents are willing to join SOE’s campaigns. 10a Work in groups of four and choose one of these tasks. 1 You work for SOE. Each student chooses one issue from Exercise 8, Write six questions to find out the respondents’ attitude to your issue. 2 You are going to do a questionnaire about issues in your piace of study/work. Each student chooses ‘one issue that interests them (e.g. sportsicatering/ parking facilities, how clean the building is, etc.) Write six questions to find out the respondents’ attitudes to your issue. 10b Show your questions to other members of your ‘group. Correct the questions if there are any errors. 10c suggest two more questions for each issue. 10d Prepare the questionnaire, adding the basic questions about the respondents from Exercise 7. 26 Sport 3.1 FAIR PLAY 1a Work with a partner. You have three ‘minutes to think of a different sport for each of these categories. Name port where 1 people often get injured 2 people wear special clothes 3. people have physical contact 4 you can only do it indoors 5 you can only do it outdoors 6 you usually compete as an indi 7 you are part 2 team 3 you compete against the clock 9. animals are involved 10 men and women compete together 1b Work with a different partner to compare your ideas, 2 Discuss the questions about the sports you listed in Exercise 1a, Give reasons for your answers 1 Which spo 2 Which 3 Which has the most complicated rules? 4 is the most competitive? the most dangerous? Which is the most difficult ta be good at? Which is the mnct avritina tes serch? 3 Read the article about football quickly and match headings a-h with paragraphs 1-6. There are two extra headings. More than a player b Breaking the rules © Taking football further dA football education eA final honour f The world's favourite sport The best player in the world h Only for pleasure 4 Read the article again. Are these statements true, false or not giver: Miller played football prot Miller was educated in En 1 sionally 2 3 Miller scored a lot of goals, 4 Brazil first played against England in 1914. Miller played for several teams in England. 6 Brazil has won the World Cup four times, Milller has a football move named after him 8 Miller started a football club in Brazil 5. Underline all the words in the article which refer to people in sport, Match the words with these people. Someone who: 1 watches spor7b Match the idioms with their meanings. 6 Jolin: opinions Worle with a partner to discuss these questions. a acompletely new or different situation 1 Do you think football is ‘the beautiful game’? Why’Why not? able to think or act very quickly 2 Which other sports do you think are beautiful? Why? start something happening 3. Mille felt fab about participation and doing your best, not change the rulesimit, making money. Do you think this is stil ue tocay? something more dificult lose concentration VOCABULAR F do or say something which has the Dios opposite result to your intention 8 alair situation Za Many idioms are based on sport, and on football in particular 8 Work in groups of three. Pick two or ‘Complete the idioms with the words in the box. thre idioms from Exercise 7 to talk about ball eye field geme goal goalposts experiences you have had. Iremnemibe ate when someone moved the 4 ben the 5a whole new ball _ gpafposts on mA lecturer gave me an essay 2 move the 6 score an awn _ thle and cea fot of work on ft. Then two 3 takeyour ——_offthe ball 7 startthe rolling weeks later he completely changed the det 4 alevel playing (eer Talcem Wie pit coated nee tac 1 Footbal is the most popular spectator sport in the ‘world — possibly the only glabal sport ~and Brazil is. arguably the greatest footballing nation in the world, having won the World Cup more times than any other country, Even people whe are not keen on foot’all have heard of Pelé, often considered the world’s greatest player. However, how many football fans are familiar with the name of Charles Miller and his contribution to hat Pelé called “the beautiful game’? 2 Known asthe father of Brazilian football, Charles William Miller was born on 24 November 1874 In So Paulo to a Scottsh father and Brazilian mother. In 1884, youn, Charles was sent to schoo! in England, where he learned te play both football and cricket. Miller became sklled in running with the ball, heading and taking fre kicks, 3 In 1896, Miller returned to Brazil with two footballs and a copy of the rules of football, The So Paulo Athletic Club (SPAC) had been formed in 1888 by a group of British ‘men who played mainiy cricket, Miller persuaded! them to take up football. He was also instrurnental in setting Lup the Liga Paulista, the Fist football league in Brazil (Over the frst twenty years ofthe next century, state championships were formed throughout Brazil and in 1914 the fist national side played against Argentina, > a 4 ‘miller was not only a great player, but also an excellent coach and administrator. In Braz he spent a lot of time and effort teaching and coaching Brazilians. After retinng as a player, he continued to be a referee until the age of ity. 5. 9 When feotball became professional in Brazil in 1933, Miller was disappointed and decided to have no more contact with the game, He felt that sportspeople should be amateurs —he dicin't lke the introduction of money and business into sport. For Miller, football was a game, and about participation and doing your best, not money. 6 Charles Miler’s memory ives on in the skfulindvidual game ‘whichis Braaian football, Iti also kept alive in another way ‘When the Sto Paulo sports writers assoctation brought out 2 dictionary of football terms in Portuguese, only one word survived from the vocabulary of the pest: the charles or chaleira Named after Charles Mite, itis a clever pass with the heel of the foot, The exciting ball skis ofall the great Braziian payers, Incucing Pelé, owe something to the pioneering sprit of Charles Mller and his passion for tve game of football ao“6 Read the leaflet quickly. Wha its purpose? University Shotokan Karate Club eam karate ~ the ultimate in self-defence and finess The unversty karate dub was founded in 1962 and several ‘members of au lub have gone on fo compete at national evel ‘All grades from beginners fo advancod are welcome. The classes {are suitable for both men and women TUESDAYS AND THURSDAYS | 6-8 p.m. WEAVER HOUSE GYM FIRST LESSON FREE Unfortunately, over the last few yoors, assaults on innacont poopie hove increased, Each of us has some abilly o defend ourselves, bul by learning a form of sol doton: ‘we ate riot only incwasing that billy, but eso doing something fo build out own sense of sell- TE i resped. Korot wil show you alot of smple and effective tachniques & fo pote! yousel cling you increased sel-confidence 1 Work with a partner to tell each other oul eee ae Fer too many people think marfal ots are abou Yoienco. Marios about any martial arts you know. Think of || bie iN lela cei ator In, five reasoned fur doling martial arts trang is based on aloof expect se-dsciine,sf-conitol ond non violence. We learn basic etqucto, courtesy and tolerance. Good 2 IEEE Listen to Kevin Cotes talking manners and consideration or others are expecied at limes, about his experiences. What is his connection to martial arts? Karate isthe pracive of blocking and striking techniques for the purpose of self-defence, heath and self-development. Karate | ‘xercisas the entire body. Techniques are proctised on both sides, 3 Listen to Kevin Coles again and put the topics in order. a when he got his black belt b how often he trains how long he has been doing karate 4 how children react to getting a belt © Wis oldest student ofthe body, therefore muscle imbalances de not occur and the: sitength, coordination, flexiilly ond agity of both sides ofthe | body are improved. Regular training in korale improves the body's physical stamina ond suppleness. t also helos concentration and produces the mental calm and assurance that come from knowing f different belts | wecan dofond ourslves 8 having an impact on people | Karate has many benefits, but hey do nat come easily or overnight. how adults react to getting a belt 2» Talring requires ongoing commitment and har work, Some of ol ie Bt ow ow Yor st ba 4 WE now stent the second part of theinteriew. Answer the questions 1 Is karate a hobby or a way of life for most people? 2. Give at least two reasons why people stot karate, 5 teacting to the (opie Work witha partner to discuss the questions. 1 After listening to this interview, are you motivated to take up a martial at? Why¢Why not How inspirational do you find Kevin Coles as a wachest7 Read the leaflet again. Are these statements true, false or not given? Correct the false statements. 1 Benefits from karate come very quickly. 2. tis important to train on both sides of the body. There has heen an increase in violence recently, The founcler of karate was Gichin Funakoshi There isa free introductory lesson. There is a Karate championship every year. The word karate means ‘empty hand. Soll-defence classes increase our ability to defend ourselves and build self-respect. 8 Read the leaflet again and ross out the options below that are not correct. (You can cross out one, two or three options.) 1. Classes are suitable for a beginners. b intermediate students, ‘ce women, d children. 2 Martial arts are based on a violence, b self-efence. respect. d self-discipline. 3. Which of the following locs karate improve? a stamina bb concentration e politeness aggression 4 Which of the following relate to the physical aspects of karate? a flexibility agility ce courtesy suppleness VOCABULARY SELF, ABSTRACT NOUNS Qa Find all the words beginning with seff-in the leaflet and match them with these meanings. 1. being happy about your character and abilities 2 the certainty that you can do something suceesstully 3 behaving calmly and sensibly even when you are angry, excited or upset 4 theuse of force to protect yourself when you are atackeed 5 making yourself do the things you should do 6 becoming better at something ‘9b Underline the most appropriate combination with sefi- in each sentence, 1. He shot her in selflefence / soltrespect 2 He los his seltcontrol sefFefevelopment and sereamed. 3 Itisdifficalt to keep your seltrespect / self:conwol when you have been unemployed for a long time. 4 He can only develop seldelence / self coniiclence if he is told he is good and clever The children are so baelly behaved, They have no MARTIAL ARTS 10a Find the abstract nouns in the leaflet related to the following adjectives. agile calm —enardinated courteous flexible tolerant 10b Which three of the words in Exercise 10a are related to the body? Which two of the words are related to polite behaviour GRAMMAR QUANTIFIERS, 1a Look at the quantiiers in the box. Then find and Underline the quantifiers inthe leaflet. almostnone — fartoomuch hardly any much none almost no ay little 1b Divide the quantifiers into three groups: those used with plural countable nouns, those with uncountable nouns and those used with both, Al of the quantifiers can be used with of + the/my/ these, etc. + nounipronoun. Hardly any of my fiends ave taking exams this year. > Language reference and extra practice, pages 126-149, 12 In which sentences does the phrase in bold mean ‘not many/much’? In which does it mean ‘some’? 1 'm pleased to say that a few of you will get your black belt next year. Unfortunately, few of you are likely to pass the exam. There’ litle time to practise forthe prading next week We've gota little time left. What shall we practise? Several my friencls have taken up volleyball recently. Far too much children lack discipline these days. Could you give me litle help? A ittle of the parents take up martial arts with their children 5 Hardly any the spectators left before the end ofthe game. 6 It's great that we managed to get fevr tickets, 7. This sport is so new that we have a little information about it, 2 3 4 13 Correct the mistakes in the sentences. 1 2 3 4 14 Make sentences from the prompts that are true for your country by adding a quantifier. Compare your answers with a partner, 1 people do karate 2 women play football 3 people spend money watching sport in stadiums 4 children do regular exercise 5 children eat healthily childien spend time doing sport Chilelven spend. a tat of time dloing sport in my country Not many people in my countsy ilo karate1 Work with a partner to discuss the questions. 1 Which sportzvomanwomen do you most admire? Why? 2 How do you think they got to the top of their sport? 2 Read the article quickly and answer the questions 1 What is itabourt 2 Whats the main point? 3 Isit from an encyclopaedia entry, an academic book or a blog! 4 Who do you think the writer is? 3a Read the article again and match questions a-d with gaps 1-4 in the a Why am I doing thse b Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limit? © Can this b d me obsessive? Don’t they know what it takes to get there? 3b The writer uses nine questions in the article, Why do you think she docs thist What is the effect? 4 Worn Based on the article, which sentences are true about the wi real life, do you think? Why? 1 She is a professional triathlete 2 Her first sport was rugby. 3 She started competing for the British and Scottish triathlon team at the age Of fourteen, 4 She once said, “Anyone that knows me knows | train all hours of the day.” 5 She usually tains four to six hours a week retited from triathlons and ow plays for the Scottish Women’s rugby team, 5 Work with a partner and answer the questions, 1 Do you admire the wr think her obsessiveness is unhealthy? Why? Have you ever made sacrifices in order to achieve something? Ifso, what? We miss birthday pastes, ruin family holidays nights ou, bat there is a very good 1 skip ason for making, such sacrifice We're worried about you aid my friend from across the table. F ‘was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and chat Twas in danger of bein left with only a world championship jetse | and no one to share it with | Icould have become angry ot defensive. Don’t they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport?? However, deep down | knew elements of were right. 1 always 3 and every workout had a mental intensity that seemed too mue for most to handle, I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy “These are the demons I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis. Who am I doing this for? How much is too much? How can I be so selfish? What are the sacrifices for I think of countless birthday parties I have missed or nights out E have sidestepped, ruining a family holiday in France because of th | enclless search for a swimmi brother's wedding because I was too busy hitie Johannesburg and driving through the 1 group rid ar in downtow no-go" areas in order tw do | Itboils down to this: T was born with an inordina amount of drive und determination, som a small git, [ would stay in at lunchtime just co get ahead on class work eather than go out and plays I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go ti swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids pl ced on floats; | was the only pilin a tugby club of 250 boys. I have always lived iy life to extremes, Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way L roll, no matter what itis Pm applying myself to, | Being a prof | Olympic a athlete is no differen - IE you want to be an i's all about chac litle extra thing you hav in your preparation that will see you apart from your competitors Absolutely, Bur if your dream is to be the best and reach the podium, you had bet be obsessive about your sport. In the | sents of the Rritigh triathlete Aligtair Brownlee even Fie meansGa Find words or phrases in the article with these meanings. 1. when you give up something important in order to get something more important 2 strength 3° something that is much greater than usual 4 the refusal to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to de 5 tomake someone different from or better than ‘other people 6 thinking about something all the time. 6b Complete the sentences using words or phrases from Exercise 6a. 1._ Esther Vergeer was so dominant in her sport due to her and mental toughness 2) Her parents alorof__ good education 3 Serena Williams says she is a perfectionist and to give hera about tennis 4 Usain Boll’s spees! him from other competitors. 5. The reporter was surprised by the of Mike Tyson's emotions, 6 Some athletes cannot deal with the of sporting success and failure, GRAMMAR DEFINITE AND ZERO ARTICLES 7a Find the phrases from the box in the article. thetable the sacrifices push the limits the best drive Johannesburg the only gist birthday parties 7b Complete the rules about the definite and zero articles using the phrases in Exercise 7a, ‘We use the definite article the # when we mention a noun a second time (e.g. the poo). The may be used on a first mention if itis when we refer to something unique e.g. '_ for superlatives eg?) with known things that are local andl very familiar to most people in the context and do not need to be introduced or explained (e.g. ?_). with certain idioms (e.g, 1_ ‘+ with countries which include Republic, Union, Kingdom, States, Emirates e.g. the United Arab Emirates) andl plural names (e.g. the Philippines) We use the zero article: © with proper nouns, ie. the names of people and places (eg, __). + with plural countable nouns referring to things in general(eg* ‘© with uncountable nouns referring to something in general (eg?) ), = Language reference and extra practice, pages 126-149 8 Fait the text about Esther Vergeer. Find and correct seventeen mistakes in the use of articles cording to Richard slat esther Vergsr is maybe most succeed bihlete of athe time. The thee haiten carmen from Nethorandsretredin Zoro sferguley one ten Yen unbeaten, ending one Bros natty eacnsh auaer Las time she lost was on 30 January 2003 nthe Sydney. She went onto win her next 470 matches She took nurber one soil Rar apoitn Yabelana won frst ot het four gold fle meds h Sydney in 2000. She won her lst Oymple got eating Alek van Koot in aralympes a nthe London fn 2012 She wl not rowrsuress longest run of wisn sport 385 by the Pakistan squash gen, hangin. Varger started paying the wheelcha enn at age of cig after losing the use of her logs following the spat uigery. She san ambesedor af he Laurus foundetion forthe chide wth debits, The cilren are encouraged | {eltevlop and expres themes. rege Federer raed her, She sam astonishing athlete, a huge personality, and she has achieved one of ‘most amazing feats in our sport.” PRONUNCIATION 9) EER Weak forms ofthe Listen carefully to five sentences. Is there a definite article before these nouns: in the sentences? Use the context to help you. tennis players, wrist injuries tennis players, cours 1 university 4 2 university 3 3. game, captain SPEAKING 10a Work with a partner. Choose the four most important things you need to get to the top in sport. Then rank them 1 (most important) to 4 patience aggression intelligence stamina y humility mental toughness strength posi concentration selfdiscipli 1b Work with another pair to explain your choices. ‘Watch an interview with Dr Elizabeth Pummell, a sports psychologist, about the science of sports psychology. “Turn to page 150 for video activities,Ja Work with a partner. Write the names of two famous sportspeople for the sports in the box. athletics baseball ootball tennis basketball boxing golf icehockey motor racing swimmin 1b Work with another pair to compare your choices. 2 Read the situation and answer the questions. 1 Why has the ecided to havea competition? 2 What does the channel mean when it says modern sportsperson’? 3 How will the winner be chosen? A new television ch anne\, Global Sports, has just started broadcasting, To attract viewers’ interest, it has announced a competition to decide the greatest modem sportsperson, male or female. The channel hhas invited viewers to email the sportsperson they consider to be the greatest in the last ten years. They have to make a case for their chosen sportsperson The writers of the mast interesting emails will be invited to the studio to take part in a debate. They will present their case and attempt to persuade the audience that their sportsperson should win the ompetition, Finally, a vote will be taken and the Winner announced. 3a Work in small groups. What should be used as the criteria for choosing the greatest modern sportsperson? Choose the six things which you consider to be most important, © age + nationality + achievements © exceptional qualities strengths compared io the competition © charisma © status as a role model + fame + ability to overcome difficulties * contribution to their sport 3b Asa class, agree on six criteria to be used in the competition. Then transfer your criteria to the scorecard in Exercise Bb. Why did Yuna have problems practising her skating when she was young? How successful were her skating programmes in tht 2010 Olympic Games? Besides skating, what other talents does Yuna haveel KE USING EMPHASIS AND COMPARISO GIVING A PRESENTATIC jen again. Note the words and phrases that the 7a You are attendling a television debate on the greatest presenter uses to emphasise her points. Think about —__ modern sportsperson. You are going to give a short talk the language below. (two to three minutes) on your outstanding moder © adjectives ~an ou sportsperson, Choose one of the options below. © adverbs ~ a truly remarkable sportswoman 1 Choose one of the personalities on page 164 © expressions — Above all 2 Choose a sportsperson you know well. (Someone active in the sport within the last ten years.) 5b Check your answers in Audio seript 3.4 on page 171. The emphatic words/phrases are in bold. 7b Prepare your talk by making notes, Organise your talk 50 that you cover as many of the ctiteria as possible. 5e Look at Audio script 3.4 again and underline words or phrases which are used to make comparisons. 8a Work in groups of four and make your case for your sportsperson. When you listen to the other presentations, ask questions at the end of each one. Then fill in the scorecard for each sportsperson (see below), Do not put # score for your own choice great 6 Put the sentences in order. 1 Pelé / Brazilian / was / footballer / a / fantastic / truly Ennis /sportswoman fis / Bb Aiter the presentations, add up the scores and tle and decide on the winner. 2 incredibly /|es talented / an / ver 3. considered / fe ale / best / player / soccer? history / in/ Is /the/ Mia Hamm /10 / be Criteria | 4 Whats / Serena Williams / about fis / determination / her / extraordinary = = 5. Usain Bolt/ perhaps / greatest /the /is/ modern / | athlete /times /n t 6 Compared / Federer / tennis players / are / not / - a | | versatile to / other / most / as ; | 7 Lionel Messi skilful /than / most/ footballers more / } is /fat / ther 4 8 Li Na/ unbelievable /t0 win /the / US Open : = oe Championship / tennis / played 2 9 Yuna Kim's / performance /was / about /What its? |g elegance / remarkable / was 10 i8/30/ YI Shiwen f about / her amazing / What / TOTAL youth fis 11. Babe Ruth / ll / was / baseball / arguably / the / ‘Marking code: 4-5 ~ oustancing od, 0-1 not good player/ greatest / of / time 1F you have no information about a sportsperson for one of 12. In/ Ayrton Senna /a / far / driver / Michael the criteria, give a score of 3, Schumacher / was/ than / better / opinion / my Martina Navratilovul 1 tt STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS. TUDY SKILL INDERSTANDING ESSAY QUESTIONS, What makes a good essay? Make a list. should have a clear structure 2a Understanding key words Work with a partner. Look at the ur 1 Newson 2 essay questions and discuss what you think each question is asking, Inderline the key words. Analyse the reasons why the bad behaviour of spectators at sports fevenis has inereased in recent years Compare and contrast the achievements of two sports stars. To what extent is winning the most important aspect af sport? Accouint for the success af Association Football around the world, Outline the benefits of children doing sport at school. Top sportsmen and women are paid too much, Discuss. Describe the role of a captain in team sports, b- Match words and expressions from the essay questions in Exercise 2a with meanings a-g. woeaoce Bive reasons for, explain sive a description of the main features or characteristics of something, look atin detail talle about how far something is rue or not Bive both sicles of an argument (e.g, for and against) briefly give (the positive aspects) show how two or mate things are similar or different 3a [EEA Essay writing Listen to a lecturer who has just finished a study workshop and is answering questions. What questions do the students ask? 3b Listen again and complete the notes about essay writing using ‘one word for each gap. Avoid Preparing to write 1 the title” the key words what kind of structure the title indicates, some notes, your ideas, _— yourself questions, _ your notes. ng Usethe beginning *__and?__ approach. Inthe first peregraph you shoukl"™ the question in your ovm wordsané "the topic. ‘nthe final paragraph you should ""_ back to the question and » your own opinion (if needed). Language ‘Acadermic writing tends to be * in tone. Trytoleave" out of your writing. it struclures are common and contractions. Top sportsmen and women are paid too mu . Discuss. In recent years, the amount of money eamed by top sportsmen and women has risen and attracted 2 lot of media attention, Stars of high-profile sports such as football, golf, tennis, boxing and moror racing often feature of the world’s richest people. The objective of this essay is to decide if these sportspeople should receive such large amounts of money. 2 Tris tue that nor all sports stars are very well paid, but certain individuals, do carn an enormous amount. ‘The earnings of these sports stars come from a number of sources. Firstlys there are the huge salaries for some stars, for instance footballers Secondly, there is the prize money available for winning major sporting competitions and trophies, Finally, and perhaps most lucrative for many top sports stars, are sponsorship deals, and advertising conteacts, 3 Many people argue that these stars deserve their earnings for a number of importent reasons. Sports players provide entertainment, like any well-known actor or pop star. ‘They are professional people at the top of their chosen career. In simple terms, they are the best at what they do, and should be paid accordingly. They have put in years of training to be as food as they can be at their sport. n lists,Ie ean also be argued that most sports stars have a relatively short career, and so need 10 earn a lot of money in & short time to support them when they retire. In some sports, there is a risk of serious injury and death. Sportsmen and women should be compensated for this risk: 4 In contrast, some people argue that it is wrong to pay sports stars these huge amounts of money when there is so much poverty in the world. Sports stars do not save lives or really ‘contribute much to society, apart | from providing entertainment, which ccan be seen as unnecessary. Iris also clear thar these sports stars often, have extravagant lifestyles, appearing in celebrity magazines and generally not using their wealth in a positive way. Some, even though they are role models for young people, actually behave very badly. 5 In conclusion, itis obvious thar there are differences not only between sports, but also berween individuals in the same sports, On balance it can | be said that sports stars are worth the money they eam, as they have the ability to enhance people's lives by their achiovements. They manage to unite whole countries during significant competitions, which is something even politicians are rarely able to do. AFOR AND AGAINST ESSAY 5 Work with a partner. How do you feel about the amount of money top sportspeople earn? 6 Read the essay and answer the questions. 1 Which sports are mentioned? 2 What sources of income are mentioned? 3 Whats the writer's opinion? 7 Read the essay again and match ideas a~c with paragraphs 1-5 arguments against the proposition conclusion and opinion introduction and restatement of question arguments for the proposition background information aore Ba Introductions Which of the following might you find in the ‘opening paragraph of this type of essay? your opinion a context for the question, or background information your aimftarget i.e. what you are going to argue in the essay) 2a restatement of the question arguments and examples a recommendation ‘8b Look at the introduction ofthe essay and check your answer. 9a Two common ways of starting an introduction are to talk about changes overtime or to generalise about the current situation. ‘What do opening expressions 1-7 do? Which tenses are used with each? 1 Over the last twenty years, ... 2 Many people nowadays, . 3 Inthe past decade, 4. Since the late 1990s, 5 These days, 6 For centuries, ... 7 Atthe present time, b Look again at the essay questions in Exercise 2a and write some ‘opening sentences using phrases from Exercise 9a. 10 Formal expressions Match formal expressions in the essay with meanings 1-8 1 Myaim here isto look at. (paragraph 1) 2. like (paragraph 2) 3. Alot of people feel... (paragraph 9) 4. Imother words, .. (paragraph 3) 5 On the other hand, .. iperagraph 4) 6 Italso seams to me that .. paragraph 4) 7 (paragraph 5) 8 To sum up, (paragraph 5) Overall, ‘la Work with a partner to discuss the essay questions. 1. There is too much emphasis on winning in sports today, Discuss. 2 Sports involving animals should be banned. Discuss. 3. Men ate more interested in sport than women, Discuss. 1 1b Choose one essay to plan together, Then write your essays ividually, using the notes you made in Exercise 3b, the structure Exercise 7 and expressions irom Exercise 10. 3.5