318/24, 8:21AM ‘Top 20 Java Stream API Intewview Questions and Answers 2023, Skill Academy Career Programs Vv Mini Courses v——Internship Interview Questions v > Home > Java Stream API Interview Questions ea Top 20 Java Stream API Interview Questions: Basic and Adv; “=~ Level : ) © Last updated on Apr 14, 2023 é oan &, Download As PDF As Java 8 introduced a major new feature called Streams API, it has become a popular topic in many programming interviews. The Java Streams API provides a powerful way to process data in a functional programming style. If you are preparing for an interview that involves Java programming, you can expect to encounter a range of questions related to the Java Streams API. These programmatic interview questions on Java Stream API can cover topics such as stream operations, intermediate and terminal operations, lambdas, method references, parallel streams, and more. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of Java Stream API interview questions. It aims to help developers prepare for technical job interviews by providing a list of commonly asked questions and advanced topics related to the Java Stream API. By understanding these concepts, developers can demonstrate their proficiency in using the Java Stream API and showcase their problem-solving skills. Join the Full Stack Development Course Online Now! Top 20 Java Stream API Interview Questions in 2023 In 2023, Java Stream API continues to be one of the most popular features of the Java programming language. It allows developers to write concise and efficient code for processing collections of data, and it has become a fundamental skill for Java developers. As such, many interviewers are likely to ask questions about Java Stream API during the interview process. In this article, we will explore the top 20 Java Stream API interview questions that developers should be prepared for in 2023. 1 What is the Java Stream API? The Java Stream API is a feature introduced in Java 8 that provides a functional programming model for processing collections of data. It allows developers to express complex operations on collections using a sequence of simple, composable functions. Streams are a sequence of elements that can be enerated from various sources like collectinns arrays or I/O channels, The Stream APL includes various Get Free Access to All htips:estbook comvinteriewijava-sream-aptinterview-questions we.318/24, 8:21AM ‘Top 20 Java Stream API Intewview Questions and Answers 2023, operations using simple, composable functions, resulting in code that is easier to read and understand. © Parallel processing: The Stream API provides support for parallel processing, which can help to improve the performance of data processing tasks on mult: lore systems. © Lazy evaluation: Streams use lazy evaluation, which means that they only process elements as they are needed, resulting in more efficient memory usage. © Reusability: Streams can be reused multiple times, which can help to reduce code duplication and improve code maintainability. © Improved error handling: Streams provide support for exception handling, allowing developers to handle errors in a more structured and predictable way. 3 What are the differences between Streams and Collections? ‘The differences between Streams and Collections are: Streams Collections Streams are a sequence of elements that can be processed sequentially or in parallel Collections are data structures that can be used to store and retrieve elements. Streams use lazy evaluation, which means that they only process elements as they are needed. Collections eagerly evaluate elements, which ‘means that all elements are processed when the collection is created. Streams are immutable and cannot be modified. Collections are mutable and can be modified by adding, removing, or updating elements. Streams can only be traversed once Collections can be traversed multiple times Streams can be generated from various sources like collections, arrays, or YO channels. Collections can only be created from data structures like arrays or other collections. 4 What is the difference between intermediate and terminal operations? In the Java Stream API, operations can be divided into two categories: intermediate operations and Get Free Access to All htips:testbook comtinteriewijava-sream-aptinterview-questions zie318/24, 8:21AM ‘Top 20 Java Stream API Intewview Questions and Answers 2023, Terminal operations are operations that produce a result or side effect and mark the end of a stream Examples of terminal operations are forEach(, toArray(), reduce0, collect(), min, max0, count, and anyMatch0. These operations are typically used to perform a final computation on the elements of a stream Feature Intermediate Operations Terminal Operations Returns a stream | Yes No Usage Used for processing data_|_Used for triggering pipeline processing in pipeline Order of Ordered execution Terminal operations trigger processing, but the Execution order of execution may vary Number of Multiple Only one Invocations Example ‘map0, filter0, sorted) forEach0), count0, reduced, 5 What are the common termediate operations available in Java Stream API? The common intermediate operations available in Java Stream API are: © filterd - Filters the elements of a stream based on a given predicate. © map) - Transforms each element of a stream using a given function. © flatMap() - Transforms each element of a stream into a stream of elements and then flattens the resulting stream, © distinct) - Removes duplicates from a stream based on the equality of the elements. © sorted\) - Sorts the elements of a stream based on a given comparator. © peekt) - Performs a side-effect operation on each element of a stream without modifying the stream 6 What are the common terminal operations available in Java Stream API? ‘The common terminal operations available in Java Stream API are: Get Free Access to All hntips:testbook convinteriewijava-sream-aptinterview-questions ana318/24, 8:21AM ‘Top 20 Java Stream API Intewview Questions and Answers 2023, © count() - Counts the number of elements in a stream. © anyMatch0 - Returns true if any element of a stream matches a given predicate. 7 What is the difference between map() and flatMap()? The difference between map) and flatMapQ is that map0 transforms each element of a stream into a new element, while flatMap0 transforms each element of a stream into a stream of elements, which are then flattened into a single stream, For example, suppose we have a stream of strings containing words. If we want to transform each word into its uppercase equivalent, we can use the map() operation as follows: List words = Arrays.asList("apple’, "banana", “cherry’); List upperCaseWords = words. stream( .map(String:toUpperCase) .collect(Collectors.toListQ); BANANA’, and "CHERRY", This will produce a list containing “APPL If we want to split each word into its individual characters and then collect all the characters into a single stream, we can use the flatMap() operation as follows: List words = Arrays.asList(“apple’, “banana’, ‘cherry’; List characters = words.stream( .flatMap(word -> word.chars(.mapToObj(c -> (char}c)) .collect(Collectors.toListQ); This will produce a list containing ‘a 'p’ ‘pT, 'e', n'a ‘and Feature map0 flatMap0) Input and ‘One-to-One Mapping (One-to-Many Mapping Output Output Type Same as input type Can be different from input type Operation Transforms each element Flattens nested collections Return Type Stream Stream Usage Used to transform each element in a Used to flatten nested Get Free Access to All hntips:testbook convinteriewijava-sream-aptinterview-questions ana318/24, 8:21AM ‘Top 20 Java Stream API Intewview Questions and Answers 2023, If the stream is ordered, findFirst( will always return the first element of the stream, while findAny() may return any element of the stream, If the stream is unordered, both findFirst() and findAny) may return any element of the stream Feature findFirst() findAny() Retumn type Optional Optional Order of Returns the first element processed in the | Returns any element processed in processing stream the stream Parallel Guarantees consistent result in both May not return consistent result processing sequential and parallel streams in parallel streams Usage Used when order matters, such as when Used when order does not searching for the first element of a sorted stream matter, such as when filtering a stream 9 What is a parallel stream, and how is it created? A parallel stream is a stream that can be processed in parallel using multiple threads. Parallel streams allow developers to take advantage of multi-core processors and improve the performance of data processing tasks. To create a parallel stream, we can simply call the parallel() method on an existing stream. For example: List words = Arrays.asList("apple", "banana", “cherry'); List upperCaseWords = words stream( .parallel() .map(String:toUpperCase) .collect(Collectors.toList0); In this example, the stream is converted to a parallel stream using the parallel() method. The map() operation is then applied to each element of the stream in parallel, using multiple threads. 10 What are the best practices for using Java Stream API? The best practices for using Java Stream API are: © Use streams only when appropriate: Streams are best suited for processing large collections of data or performing complex data processing tasks. For simple tasks, using loops or other Get Free Access to All htips:testbook comtinteriewijava-sream-aptinterview-questions siz318/24, 8:21AM ‘Top 20 Java Stream API Intewview Questions and Answers 2023, © Use method references and lambda expressions: Method references and lambda expressions can make stream code more concise and readable. © Use parallel streams for large data sets: Parallel streams can significantly improve the performance of data processing tasks on large data sets by taking advantage of multi-core processors. © Use intermediate operations to filter and transform data: Intermediate operations such as filter0, mapQ, and flatMap0) can be used to filter and transform data before performing terminal operations such as collect) or reduce). © Use terminal operations to perform final actions on data: Terminal operations such as collect, reduce, and forEachQ can be used to perform final actions on data after filtering and transforming it using intermediate operations. Attempt MCQs on Java Now! Crack SSC Exams with Top Teachers like Puneet Chaudhary and Ananya gh Get 6 Months SuperCoaching @ just %2999 F799 &@ Your Total Savings *2200 Purchase No\ Want to know more about this Super Coaching ? Explore SuperCoaching Now Advanced Java Stream API Interview Questions ‘11 What are the different ways to create a Stream in Java? A Stream is a sequence of elements that supports various operations to perform computations. There are several ways to create a Stream in Java: © From a Collection: Stream AP! provides the stream) method that can be used to create a sequential Stream from a Collection © From an array: Arrays stream() method can be used to create a Stream from an array of objects. ign UpNow& Get Free Access to All t Test Material > hntips:testbook convinteriewijava-sream-aptinterview-questions ez318/24, 8:21AM Top 20 Java Stream API Interview Questions and Answers 2023 12. How can you handle exceptions when working with Streams? ‘When working with Streams, exceptions can occur during various operations. Some of the common exceptions are NullPointerException, IllegalState€xception, and IOException. Here are some ways to handle exceptions when working with Streams: © Using try-catch block: You can use try-catch block to handle exceptions. This approach is useful when you want to handlle the exception and continue processing the Stream. © Using Stream peek): The peek() method can be used to perform an action on each element of the Stream, This method can be used to handle exceptions in a Stream. © Using Stream.map0: The map0) method can be used to transform the Stream elements. This method can be used to handle exceptions by wrapping the exception in an Optional object. 13 What are the best practices for using Java Stream API in a production environment? When using the Java Stream AP! in a production environment, you should follow these best practices: © Use appropriate Stream operations: Use the appropriate Stream operations based on the requirement. Avoid using unnecessary operations as they can affect the performance of the application © Use parallel Stream: When working with a large dataset, use parallel Stream to improve the performance of the application © Avoid using stateful operations: Stateful operations such as distinct0, sorted, and limit() can affect the performance of parallel Streams. Avoid using these operations in parallel Streams. © Use lazy evaluation: Streams support lazy evaluation, which means the operations are performed only when required. Use lazy evaluation to improve the performance of the application. © Avoid using Streams for 1/0 operations: Streams are designed to work with in-memory data. Avoid Using Streams for /O operations as it can affect the performance of the application. 14 What is the difference between Stream.flatMap() and Stream.map()? The Stream flatMap0) and Stream.map0) methods are used to transform the elements of a Stream. The main difference between these two methods is that map() method transforms the elements of a Stream by applying a function, whereas flatMap() method transforms the elements of a Stream by flattening a nested Stream © Stream.map0: The map() method applies a function to each element of the Stream and returns a new Stream with the transformed elements. © StreamlatMap0: The flatMap() method flattens a nested Stream and returns a new Stream with the flattened elements. 15 What is the difference between Stream.distinct() and Stream.sorted().distinct()? The Stream distinct) and Stream sorted().distinct() methods are used to remove duplicates from a Get Free Access to All ritpsitestoook cominterviewjava-strearaptinterview-questions ma318/24, 8:21AM ‘Top 20 Java Stream API Intewview Questions and Answers 2023, removes the duplicates based on the object's natural ordering or a Comparator before returning a new Stream with the distinct elements 16 What is the use of Stream.collect() method? ‘The Stream.collect() method is used to accumulate the elements of a Stream into a collection or a single value. The collect() method takes a Collector interface that specifies how to accumulate the elements of the Stream. Here are some common use cases of the collect() method: © Collecting elements into a List or a Set: You can use the Collectors.toList() or Collectors.toSet) methods to collect the elements of a Stream into a List or a Set. © Collecting elements into a Map: You can use the Collectors.toMapQ) method to collect the elements of a Stream into a Map. © Collecting elements into a single value: You can use the Collectors. summingInt0, Collectors averaginglnt), Collectors maxBy0, and Collectors.minBy() methods to collect the elements of a Stream into a single value. 17 What is the difference between Stream.peek() and forEach() method? The Stream peek() and forEach() methods are used to perform an action on each element of a Stream, The main difference between these two methods is that the peek() method is an intermediate operation that returns a new Stream with the same elements as the original Stream, whereas the forEach() method is a terminal operation that performs an action on each element of the Stream and returns void © Stream.peek0: The peek() method is an intermediate operation that allows you to perform an action on each element of a Stream without modifying the Stream, It returns a new Stream with the same elements as the original Stream, © Stream forEach0: The forEach() method is a terminal operation that performs an action on each element of the Stream. It returns void and cannot be used to modify the elements of the Stream. 18 How do you use the Stream.iterate() method? ‘The Stream iterate() method is used to generate an infinite Stream by repeatedly applying a function to a seed value, The iterate() method takes two arguments: the initial seed value and a UnaryOperator that generates the next element of the Stream. Here is an example of how to use the iterate() method to generate a Stream of even numbers: Streamiterate(0, n -> n + 2) Limit(10) forEach(System.out:printin); Get Free Access to All hntips:testbook convinteriewijava-sream-aptinterview-questions ana318/24, 8:21AM ‘Top 20 Java Stream API Intewview Questions and Answers 2023, The Stream anyMatch0, StreamallMatch0, and Stream.noneMatch0 methods are used to check whether any, all, or none of the elements of a Stream match a given predicate, The main difference between these methods is the condition they check for. © Stream.anyMatch(): The anyMatch) method returns true if any element of the Stream matches the given predicate. © Stream.allMatch): The allMatch0) method returns true if all elements of the Stream match the given predicate. © Stream.noneMatch0: The noneMatch0) method returns true if none of the elements of the Stream match the given predicate. 20 What is the use of Stream.toMap() method? ‘The Stream.toMap0 method is used to collect the elements of a Stream into a Map. The toMap() method takes two functions: one to extract the key from each element of the Stream and another to extract the value from each element of the Stream, Here is an example of how to use the toMap() method to collect a Stream of Person objects into a Map, where the key is the person's name and the value is the person object: List people = Arrays.asList( new Person("John", 25), new Person("Mary", 30), new Person("Bob", 20) ); Map peopleMap = people.stream) .collect(Collectors.toMap(Person:getName, Function.identity)); In this example, we use the toMap() method to collect the Person objects into a Map where the key is the person's name (extracted using the Person: getName method reference) and the value is the Person object itself (extracted using the Function identity() method reference). testbook /iy Get Unlimited Access to Test Series for 880+ Exams and much more. Know More %27/month How to Prepare for Java Stream API Interview? Preparing for a Java Stream API interview requires a thorough understanding of the concepts and features of the Java Streams API. Here are some tips to help you prepare: Get Free Access to All htips:testbook comtinteriewijava-sream-aptinterview-questions snz318/24, 8:21AM ‘Top 20 Java Stream API Intewview Questions and Answers 2023, such as map(, filter0, flatMap0, reduce0, and collect0, 5. Understand parallel streams: Be prepared to answer questions related to parallel streams, including how they work and when to use them 6. Be familiar with functional interfaces: Since functional interfaces are an integral part of the Java Streams API, it is important to understand them and be able to use them in your code. 7. Read up on best practices: Review best practices for using the Java Streams API to ensure that you are writing efficient and effective code. We hope you found this article on Java 8 Stream API Interview Questions interesting and informative. 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