CE257 DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK D23DCS147

Practical-1
AIM: Usage of cables and channels in various types of networks.

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Refer these links for better understanding of the same:

1. https://www.wikihow.com/Create-an-Ethernet-Cable
2. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-make-your-own-ethernet-cable/
3. https://www.ertyu.org/steven_nikkel/ethernetcables.html
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lullzS740wI&t=148s
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmtMPSu--q0
6. Cabling: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfhVrivvL7E&list=PLcxPetO_cDzvtZpI-zjKKsc1LZ
7K_fDuC&index=14
7. Crossover cable: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Xc4fWgNDniQ&list=PLcxPetO_cDzvtZpI-zjKKsc1L Z7K_fDuC&index=15
8. UTP Vs STP:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cgzuvaukVY&list=PLEWX0h0oWdl0GcSwE3Cs_Uz-EgKV
e84Fn
Rubrics: Nicely drafted document with clarity in answers leads to full marks. Otherwise, submission
carries proportional marks.
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Refer the following Transmission Modes - Modes of Communication and based on that
perform the following case study and write down proper answers of it.

In Scenario - 1, as shown in figure 1.1, Let’s assume that a car (4-seater Inline) with the
constant speed of 60Km/h issues a ticket from the Toll booth to go to its destination. Before
the destination there is another Toll Booth which checks the ticket of the car. There is a
120km one way road of 120Km between the two Toll Booths. (Simplex)

Figure 1.1 Scenario 1

Analogy with computer network

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Table 1.2 Simplex Communication

Parameters Road Transport Network

Distance Road Length 120KM Length of Wire/Channel

120KM

Direction One Way Simplex

( Either way ( Half Duplex
Both the way ) Full Duplex )

Speed Car speed 60 km/hr Link Speed 2.8*108m/s

(10 Mbps)

Toll Booth-1 Toll point issue tickets Transmission Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-2 Toll point checks tickets Receiving Hardware (NIC

Card)

Time to reach from Toll-1 to 2 Hours 428.6 ms

Toll-2

Road Damar Road Channel (Signal carries data)

Number of Lane/Road Single Lane Single Channel

( Multiple Lane ) ( Multiple Channel )

Injection Number of Passengers in Number of chunks

Car: 4, they seat back-to- /signals /data
back.

number of deck on car Single car ( Double Without Multiplexing*

Decker Car ) ( With multiplexing )
*Multiplexing: combining together

In Scenario - 2, as shown in figure 1.2, Let’s assume that a car (4-seater Inline) with the
constant speed of 60Km/h issues a ticket from the Toll booth to go to its destination. Before
the destination there is another Toll Booth which checks the ticket of the car. Both the
Stations are connected with a single one-way bridge. (Half Duplex)

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Figure 1.2 Scenario 2

Analogy with computer network: Fill the rows

Table 1.2 Half Duplex Communication

Parameters Road Transport Network

Distance Road Length 120KM Length of Wire/Channel

120KM

Direction Either way Half Duplex

Speed Car speed 60 km/hr Link Speed 2.8*10 8 m/s

(10 Mbps)

Toll Booth-1 Toll point issue tickets Transmission Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-2 Toll point checks tickets Receiving Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-3 Toll point issue tickets Transmission Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-4 Toll point checks tickets Receiving Hardware (NIC

Card)

Time to reach from Toll-1 to 2 Hours 428.6 ms

Toll-2

Time to reach from Toll-3 to 2 Hours 428.6 ms

Toll-4

Road Bridge Physical Connection

Width of Lane/Road Single Lane Single Channel

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Number of Lane/Road Single Lane Single Channel

Injection 4 sector 4 chunks

Number of deck on car Single car Without Multiplexing

In Scenario - 3, as shown in figure 1.3, Let’s assume that a car (4 seater Inline) with the
constant speed of 60Km/h issuing a ticket from the Toll booth to go to its destination. Before
the destination there is another Toll Booth which checks the ticket of the car. There is a two
way road of 120Km between the two Toll Booths. One road to go from toll-1 to toll-2 and
second is to go from toll-3 to toll-4. (Full duplex)

Figure 1.3 Scenario 3

Analogy with computer network: Fill the rows

Table 1.3 Full Duplex Communication

Parameters Road Transport Network

Distance Road Length 120KM Length of Wire/Channel

120KM (two channels)

Direction Both the way (two way) Full Duplex

Speed Car speed 60 km/hr Link Speed 2.8*10 8 m/s

(10 Mbps)

Toll Booth-1 Toll point issue tickets Transmission Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-2 Toll point checks tickets Receiving Hardware (NIC

Card)

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Toll Booth-3 Toll point issue tickets Transmission Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-4 Toll point checks tickets Receiving Hardware (NIC

Card)

Time to reach from Toll-1 to 2 Hours 428.6 ms

Toll-2

Time to reach from Toll-3 to 2 Hours 428.6 ms

Toll-4

Road Damar Road Physical Connection

Width of Lane/Road Single Lane Single Channel

Number of Lane/Road Multiple Lane Multiple Channel

(2 way road) (2 channel)

Injection 4 seater Number of chunks

Number of deck on car Single car Without Multiplexing

Simplex:

● Simplex channel operation

● one way only
● one person talks and other listens

Half Duplex:

● Two-way communication
● Two people can talk but one at a time

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Full Duplex:

● Both ways of communication.

● Two people can talk simultaneously.

Exercise: Calculate the cost of the Network 100 metre network of 2 Machines. Also write a
list of equipment required for each type and medium of network.

Table 1.4 Exercise

Wired Wireless Fiber Optic Cable

Simplex Keyboard Mouse Television

Half Duplex Telephone Walkie-talkie Optical fiber

communication transceivers

Full Duplex LAN based Space craft Fiber optic switchers

communication communication

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In Scenario - 4, Let’s assume that a car (4-seater Inline) with the constant speed of 60Km/h
issues a ticket from the Toll booth to go to its destination. Before the destination there is
another Toll Booth which checks the ticket of the car. There are two lane roads to go from
Toll-1 to Toll-2 and Toll-3 to Toll-4. By Two roads the capacity of the road increases the
number of cars which can travel through. (Full Duplex with Improved bandwidth)

Figure 1.4 Scenario 4

Analogy with computer network

Table 1.5 Full Duplex with Improved bandwidth Communication

Parameters Road Transport Network

Distance Road Length 120KM Length of Wire/Channel

120KM

Direction One way Full duplex

Speed Car speed 60 km/hr Link Speed 2.8*10 8 m/s

(10 Mbps)

Toll Booth-1 Toll point issue tickets Transmission Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-2 Toll point checks tickets Receiving Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-3 Toll point issue tickets Transmission Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-4 Toll point checks tickets Receiving Hardware (NIC

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Card)

Time to reach from Toll-1 to 2 Hours 428.6 ms

Toll-2

Time to reach from Toll-3 to 2 Hours 428.6 ms

Toll-4

Road Damar Road Physical connection

Width of Lane/Road 2 Lane 2 channel

Number of Lane/Road 2 Lane 2 channel

Injection 4 seater Number of channels

Number of deck on car Single car Without Multiplexing

In Scenario -5, Let’s assume that a Double Decker car (4-seater Inline, 2 floors) with the
constant speed of 60Km/h issuing a ticket from Toll booth to go to its destination. Before the
destination there is another Toll Booth which checks the ticket of the car. Both the Stations
are connected with a single one-way bridge. Only one double decker car can go through.
(Multiplexing)

Figure 1.5 Scenario 5

Analogy with computer network: Fill the rows

Table 1.6 Multiplex Communication

Parameters Road Transport Network

Distance Road Length 120KM Length of Wire/Channel

120KM

Direction Either way Half duplex

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Speed Car speed 60 km/hr Link Speed 2.8*10 8 m/s

(10 Mbps)

Toll Booth-1 Toll point issue tickets Transmission Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-2 Toll point checks tickets Receiving Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-3 Toll point issue tickets Transmission Hardware (NIC

Card)

Toll Booth-4 Toll point checks tickets Receiving Hardware (NIC

Card)

Time to reach from Toll-1 to 2 Hours 428.6 ms

Toll-2

Time to reach from Toll-3 to 2 Hours 428.6 ms

Toll-4

Road Damar Road channel

Width of Lane/Road Single lane Single channel

Number of Lane/Road Single Lane Single channel

Injection 4 Number of chunks

Number of deck on car Double decker With multiplexing

Scenario 6, as shown in figure 1.6, Let’s say we want to travel from Ahmedabad to Surat. In
this first we go through Express Highway till Vadodara after that we route for National
Highway. Ahmedabad to Vadodara takes less time as cars can speed up to 100Km/h.
Vadodara to Surat takes much time as cars can speed only up to 60Km/h. (Data Rate
Changes with respect to link speed)

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Figure 1.6 Different speed on different type of road

Write conclusion with respect to computer networks:

In analogy with this journey from Ahmedabad to Vadodara and from Vadodara to Surat ,in
Computer Networks, experience difference in performance. High speed segment represents
efficient data transfer with high data rate while slower segment effects slow transmission
time and low data rate.
Types of Delay:

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Figure 1.9 Scenario 5

In Scenario -1, different cars coming from each direction have to wait for the signal to cross
the road as the road is busy because other cars are crossing through the same cross road.

Exercise: Write down transmission delay, queueing delay of computer network with respect
to following cross road analogy.

Figure 1.8 Scenario 5 CaseStudy:

Refer to the following diagram and identify which mode of communication happens.

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1) Refer to the following two scenarios and identify which type of communication is done.

Scenario 1: Can different radio stations work at the same time using the same frequency.

Ans: No, different radio station can’t work at the same time using the same frequency.

Figure 1.10 Scenario 5

Scenario 2: Can different radio stations work at the same time using different frequencies.

Ans: yes, different radio station work at the same time using different frequency.

Figure 1.11 Scenario 5

2) Refer to the following diagram and identify which type of communication is done.

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Figure 1.12 Scenario 5

ans: Fullduplex

3) Refer to the following diagram and identify which type of communication is done.

Figure 1.13 Scenario 5

Ans:1) half duplex

2)full duplex

4) Refer to the following diagram, figure 1.14, and identify which type of communication is
done.

Different radio stations in different cities and they are communicating to each other so
which type of communication is happen between this radio stations.

Ans: full duplex(broadcast communication)

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Figure 1.14 Scenario 5

5) Refer to the following diagram and identify which type of communication is done.

Ans: simplex

Figure 1.15 Scenario 5

6) Refer to the following diagram and identify which type of communication is done.

Ans: hub to PC : half duplex

Switch to PC : full duplex

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Figure 1.16 Scenario 5

Study the different types of Cables in Networking and based on that perform the following
case study.

Refer to the following link.

https://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm
When it comes to connecting the networks, we can connect them in two different ways
1. Wired Connection
2. Wireless connection
Different types of Networking Cables:
1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
2. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
3. Coaxial Cable
4. Fiber Optic Cable
5. Cable Installation Guides
6. Wireless LANs
7. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

CaseStudy:
1) Refer to the following Linear Bus Topology and make the connection using appropriate
cables.

Link: https://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap5/chap5.htm

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Figure 1.17 Scenario 5

2) Refer to the following Star Topology and make the connection using appropriate cables.

Figure 1.18 Scenario 5

3) Refer to the following Tree Topology and make the connection using appropriate cables.

Figure 1.19 Scenario 5

Refer to the following Network Diagram - Typical Simple Home Network

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https://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm

Figure 1.20 Scenario 5

Refer to the following images and based on that let’s understand the concept of
Multiplexing and Demultiplexing.

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Figure 1.21 Scenario 5

In above point to point topology, all the nodes can send and receive data but with their own
channels. so required three own channels.

Figure 1.22 Scenario 5

In the above diagram, With the help of multiplexing, more than one signal can be sent easily
over a single medium or link. Multiplexing helps in the effective utilization of the bandwidth
of the medium.

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