Chapter 9

Matrices
Exercise 9.1

1. State, whether the following statements are true or false. If

false, give a reason.
(i) If A and B are two matrices of orders 3× 2 and 2 × 3

O T IS
respectively; then their sum A + B is possible.
(ii) The matrices A2 × 3 and B2 × 3 are conformable for
N A D
CO N
subtraction.
(iii) Transpose of a 2 × 1 matrix is a 2 × 1 matrix.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(iv) Transpose of a square matrix is a square matrix.
ED PR

(v) A column matrix has many columns and one row.

Solution:
(i) False.
©

The sum of matrices A + B is possible only when the order of both the
matrices A and B are same.
(ii) True
(iii) False
Transpose of a 2 × 1 matrix is a 1 × 2 matrix.
D

(iv) True
(v) False
A column matrix has only one column and many rows.
 +
−
2. Given: =

Find x, y and z.
Solution:

If two matrices are said to be equal, then their corresponding elements

are also equal.
Therefore,

O T IS
x = 3, N A D
CO N
y + 2 = 1 so, y = -1
z – 1 = 2 so, z = 3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
3. Solve for a, b and c if
− + +
ED PR

−
(i) =

−
©

+
(ii) =

Solution:
If two matrices are said to be equal, then their corresponding elements
are also equal.
Then,
(i) a + 5 = 2 ⇒ a = -3
D

-4 = b + 4 ⇒ b = -8
2=c–1⇒c=3
(ii) a = 3
a – b = -1
⇒b=a+1=4
b+c=2
⇒ c = 2 – b = 2 – 4 = -2

4. If A = [8 -3] and B = [4 -5]; find:

(i) A + B (ii) B – A
Solution:
(i) A + B = [8 -3] + [4 -5] = [8+4 -3-5] = [12 -8]

O T IS
(ii) B – A = [4 -5] – [8 -3] = [4-8 -5-(-3)] = [-4 -2]
N A D
CO N
−
O UC AA
5. If A= T IO
,B= and C = ; find:

PY
(i) B + C (ii) A – C
ED PR

(iii) A + B – C (iv) A – B +C
Solution:
+
+ =
− −
(i)B + C = =
©

− −
− =
− +
(ii)A – C = =

−
(iii) a + b – c = +
D

+ − −
=
+ +

− +
−
(iv)
− +
=
− − −
 Exercise 9.2

1. Evaluate:
(i) 3[5 -2]
Solution:
3[5 -2] = [3×5 3x-2] = [15 -6]

−
(ii) 7
O T IS
N A D
CO N
Solution:
− −
O UC AA
T IO
PY
7 =

−
ED PR

−
(iii) 2 +
©

Solution:
− −
− − −
2 + = + =

−
−
(iv) 6 -2 =
D

− −
− − −
Solution: 6 -2 = – =

2. Find x and y if:

(i) 3[4 x] + 2[y -3] = [10 0]
Solution:
Taking the L.H.S, we have
3[4 x] + 2[y -3] = [12 3x] + [2y -6] = [(12 + 2y) (3x – 6)]
Now, equating with R.H.S we get
[(12 + 2y) (3x – 6)] = [10 0]

12 + 2y = 10 and 3x – 6 = 0
2y = -2 and 3x = 6

O T IS
y = -1 and x = 2
N A D
CO N
− −
−
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(ii) X -4 =
ED PR

Solution:
We have,
− −
−
©

x -4 =

− − − +
− −
= =

So, equating the matrices we get

D

-x + 8 = 7 and 2x – 4y = -8
x = 1 and 2(1) – 4y = -8
2 – 4y = -8
4y = 10
y=
 − −
3.Given A = B= and C =

(i) 2A – 3B + C (ii) A + 2C – B
Solution:
(i) 2A – 3B + C

− −
= 2
O T IS
-3 +
N A D
CO N
− −
O UC AA
= T IO
-3 +

PY
− − − −
− + − +
=

− −
ED PR

− −
=
©

(ii) A + 2C – B
− −
= +2 -

− −
= + -

− − − −
D

=
+ − + −
− −
− −
=

− − −
−
4. I f +3A = find;A
 Solution:
− − −
−
Given +3A =

− − −
−
3A = -

− − − − −
− − − − −
3A = =

− O T IS
N A D
− −

CO N
A=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
− −
− −
5. Given A = and B =
ED PR

(i) find the matrix 2A +B

©

(ii) Find a matrix C such that:

C+B=

Solution:
(i) 2A + B
− −
− −
D

= +

−
=

(ii) C + B =
 C=
C=
C=

© −
-B

−
−

ED PR
D
−
−

O UC AA
N A D
O T IS
T IO
CO N
PY
 Exercise 9.3

1. Evaluate: if possible:

(i)
−
−
−
(ii)
−
−

O T IS
(iii)

−
−
N A D
CO N
(iv)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
If not possible, give reason.
Solution:
ED PR

(i)

= [6 + 0] = [6]
©

−
−
−
(ii)

= [-2+2 3-8] = [0 -5]

− − +
− − − −
(iii) =
D

−
−
(iv)

−
, =
−
2. If A =

and I is a unit matrix of order 2×2, find:

(i) AB (ii) BA (iii) AI
(iv) IB (v) A2 (iv) B2A
Solution:
−
−
=

+ +
− − −
(i) AB =

=
O T IS
− −
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
−
−
=
ED PR

− +
+ −
(ii) BA =
©

−
=

−
=

+ +
D

+ −
(iii) AI =

−
=
−
 + − +
+ +
(iv) IB =

− −

+ −
(v) ! =
− +
−
− O T IS
N A D
− −

CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
− − −
(vi) "
+ − +
− −
ED PR

− −
−
©

− − +
" !=
+ −

−
D

−
3. If A = B==

Find x and y when x and y when A2 = B.

Solution:
 3 x 3 x
0 1 0 1
=

9+0 3x + x
0 0+1
A2 =

9 4)
0 1
=

O T IS
N A D
CO N
A2 = B
9 4) 9 16
O UC AA
0 −y
0 1
T IO
PY
=
ED PR

On comparing corresponding elements, we have

4x = 16
©

x=4
And,
1 = -y
y = -1
D

4. Find x and y, if:

4 3) 5 .
) −2 1 8
(i) =

) 0 1 1 2 2
−3 1 0 . −3 −2
(ii) =
Solution:
4 3) 5 .
) −2 1 8
(i) =

20 + 3) .
5) − 2 8
(ii) =

On comparing the corresponding terms, we have

5x – 2 = 8

O T IS
5x = 10
x=2
N A D
CO N
And,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
20 + 3x = y
20 + 3(2) = y
ED PR

20 + 6 = y
y = 26
(ii)
©

) 0 1 1 2 2
−3 1 0 . −3 −2
=

)+0 ) 2 2
−3 + 0 −3 + . −3 −2
=

On comparing the corresponding terms, we have

D

x=2
And,
-3 + y = -2
y=3–2=1

1 3 1 2 4 3
2 4 4 3 1 2
5. if A = ,B= and C = find;
(i) (AB) C (ii) A (BC)
Solution:
(i) (AB)
1 3 1 2
2 4 4 3
=
1 + 12 2 + 9
2 + 16 4 + 12
=
13 11
18 16
=

(AB) C
13 11 4 O T IS 3
=
52 + 11 39 + 22
N A D
CO N
18 16 1 2 72 + 16 54 + 32
63 61
O UC AA
T IO
PY
88 86
=
ED PR

(ii) BC
1 2 4 3 4+2 3+4 6 7
4 3 1 2 16 + 3 12 + 6 19 18
= = =
©

A(BC)
1 3 6 7 6 + 57 7 + 54
2 4 19 18 12 + 76 14 + 72
= =

63 61
88 86
=
D

12 = 3− 4is the following

−
− −
6. Given A =

possible:
(i) AB (ii) BA (iii) A2
Solution:
(i) AB

0 − 4 − 30 0 + 8 − 36
3− 4=
− 4 3+0+6
− −
−34 −28
5 9

(ii) 3− 4
−
− −
+ + −
=3 +
− O T IS
− +
− +
− − 4
− +
N A D
CO N
−
=3 − − 4
O UC AA
T IO
PY
− − −
(iii) A2 = A × A, is not possible since the number of columns of
ED PR

matrix A is not equal to its number of rows.

2 1 4 1 −3 2
",
©

0 −2 −3 −2 −1 4
7. Let A = = And C =

Find ! + !5 − 5"
Solution:
2 1 4 1 4+0 2−2
! =
0 −2 −3 −2 0 0+4
==

4 0
D

0 4
=

2 1 −3 2 −6 − 1 4+4
0 −2 −1 4 0+2 0−8
AC = =

−7 8
2 −8
5B
4 1 20 5
−3 −2 −15 −10
=5

! + !5 − 5"
4 0 −7 8 20 5
+
0 4 2 −8 −15 −10
= -

4 − 7 − 20 8−5 −23 3
2 + 15 4 − 8 + 10 17 6
= =

8. If 6 =
1 2 O T IS
N A D
CO N
2 1
and I is a unit matrix of the same order as that
O UC AA
T IO
PY
of M; show that:
M2 = 2M + 3I
ED PR

Solution:
M2
1 2 1 2 1+4 2+2
=
2 1 2 1 2+2 1+4
©

5 4
4 5
=

2M + 3I
1 2 1 0 2+3 4+0
2 1 0 1 4+0 2+3
= 2 =3
D

5 4
4 5
=

Thus, M2 = 2M + 3I
 7 0 0 −8 1 −1
,
0 2 1 0 1 1
9. if A = B= and BA = M2, find the
values of a and b.
Solution:
BA
7 0 0 −8
0 2 1 0
= =

0 −28
7 0
=

O T IS
M2
1 −1 1 −1 1−1 −1 − 1
=
1 1 1 1 1+1 −1 + 1
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
0 −2
2 0
=
ED PR

So, BA =M2
0 −28 0 −2
=
©

7 0 2 0
=

On comparing the corresponding elements, we have

-2b = -2
b=1
And,
D

a=2

−
10. Given A = and B = find;

(i) A – B (ii) A2 (iii) AB (iv) A2 – AB + 2B

Solution:
(i) A – B
4 1 1 0 4−1 1−0
2 3 −2 1 2+2 3−1
= - =

3 1
4 2
=

(ii) A2 =

4 1 4 1 16 + 2 4+3
2 3 2 3 8+6 2+6
=

18 7
14 8
O T IS
N A D
CO N
(iii)
4 1 1 0 4−2 0+1
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2 3 −2 1 2−6 0+3
= - =

2 1
−4 3
ED PR

1 4 1 2
©

1 3 −1 −1
11. if and B = find;

(i) (A + B)2 (ii) A2 + B2

(iii) Is (A + B)2 = A2 + B2 ?
Solution:
D

(i) (A + B)
1 4 1 2 2 6
1 3 −1 −1 0 −4
+ =

So, (A + B)2 = (A + B)(A + B)

2 6 2 6 4+0 12 + 24
0 −4 0 −4 0+0 0 + 16
= =
4 −12
0 16
=
 1 4 1 4 1+4 4 − 12
1−3 1 −3 1−3 4+9
= =

5 −8
−2 13
=

A2
1 2 1 2 1−2 2−2
−1 −1 −1 −1 −1 + 1 −2 + 1
=

−1 0
0 −1
O T IS
= N A D
CO N
B2
5 −8 −1 0 4 −8
O UC AA
−2 13 0 −1 −2 12
T IO
PY
+ =
ED PR

A2 + B 2
Thus, its seen that (A + B)2 ≠ A2 + B2+

2 1
©

9
0 1
12. Find the matrix A, if B = and B2 = B + A.

Solution:
B2
2 1 2 1 4+0 2+1 4 3
=
0 1 0 1 0 0+1 0 1
=
D

9
B2 = B + A
9
A = B2 – B
A = 2(B2 – B)
4 3 2 1 2 2 4 4
− ;=2
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
2: =
 −1 1
7 8
13. If A = and A2 = I, find a and b.

Solution:
−1 1 −1 1 1+7 −1 + 8
7 8 7 8 −7 + 78 7+8
= ==

A2
And, given A2 = I 8
So on comparing the corresponding terms, we have

O T IS
1+a=1
Thus, a = 0
N A D
CO N
And, -1 + b = 0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Thus, b = 1

2 1 2 3 1 4
0 0 4 1 0 2
ED PR

14. If A = .B= and C = then show that:

(i) A (B + C) = AB + AC
©

(ii) (B – A)C = BC – AC.

Solution:
(i) A(B + C)
2 1 2 3 1 4 2 1 3 7 6+4 14 + 3
0 0 4 1 0 2 0 0 4 3 0 0
= ( + )= = (
10 17
0 0
==
D

AB + AC
2 1 2 3 2 1 1 4
0 0 4 1 0 0 0 2
= +
4+4 6+1 2+0 8+2
0 0 0 0
= +
8 7 2 10
0 0 0 0
= +
 10 17
0 0
=

Thus, A (B + C) = AB + AC

1 4 −3 2 1 0
2 1 4 0 0 2
15. If A = .B= and C = simplify: A2 +
BC.
Solution:
A2 + BC

=
1
2
4
1
1
2 O T IS
4
1
+
−3
4
2 1
0 0
0
2
N A D
1+8 4+4
CO N
−3 + 0 0+4
O UC AA
T IO
PY
+
2+2 8+1 4+0 0
=
9 8 −3 4
+
4 9 4 0
ED PR

=
6 12
8 9
=
©
D
 Exercise 9.4

1. Find x and y, if:

− −
−
+2 =4

Solution:
3 −2 2) −4 2
−1 4
6) − 2
1
−8
+2
O T IS
5
8
=4
.
N A D
CO N
−2) + 4 10 4.
+ =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
6) − 2 − 8 8
−2) + 4 + 10 4.
=

6) − 10 8
ED PR

−2) + 14 4.
=

On comparing the corresponding terms, we have

©

6x – 10 = 8 and -2x + 14 = 4y
9< – >
<
6x = 18 and y =
9< – (@)
<
x = 3 and y =
9< – B
<
y=
C
D

<
y= =2
Thus, x = 3 and y = 2

2. Find x and y, if:

1 4
3) 8 -3 2 −7 = 5 3 2.
3 7
Solution:
1 4
3) 8 -3 2 −7 = 5 3 2.
3 7
3) + 24 12) − 56 - 6 −21 = 15 10.
3) + 24 − 6 12) − 56 + 21 = 15 10.
3) + 18 12) + 77 = 15 10.
On comparing the corresponding terms, we have
3x + 18 = 15 and 12x + 77 = 10y
3x = -3 and y =
O T IS
9 > D EE
9F
N A D
CO N
9 (G9) D EE
9F
x = -1 and y =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
B
9F
y= = 6.5
Thus, x = -1 and y = 6.5
ED PR

3. If; ) . = 12 −) . = -2 ; find x and y, if:

©

(i) x, y ∈ W (whole numbers)

(ii) x, y ∈ Z (integers)
Solution:
From the question, we have
x2 + y2 = 25 and -2x2 + y2 = -2
D

(i) x, y ∈ W (whole numbers)

It can be observed that the above two equations are satisfied when x =
3 and y = 4.
(ii) x, y ∈ Z (integers)
It can be observed that the above two equations are satisfied when x
= ± 3 and y = ± 4.
 2 1
−3 4
4. Given X.= write

(i) The order of the matrix X.

(ii) The matrix X.
Solution:
(i) Let the order of the matrix be a x b.
Then, we know that
2 1
−3 4

O T IS
X.=

Thus, for multiplication of matrices to be possible

N A D
CO N
a=2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
And, form noticing the order of the resultant matrix

)
b=1
ED PR

(ii) Let x = .
2 1 ) 7
× . =
−3 4 6
©

2) + . 7
−3) + 4. 6
=

On comparing the corresponding terms, we have

2x + y = 7 and
-3x + 4y = 6
D

Solving the above two equations, we have

x = 2 and y = 3
2
3
Thus, the matrix X is X

5. Evaluate:
 IJK ° KLM ° KLM ° IJK °
√ IJK ° KLM ° KLM ° IJO °
cos 45° sin 30° sin 45° cos 90°
√2 cos 0° sin 0 ° sin90° cot 45 °
Solution:

cos 45° sin 45° + sin 30° sin90° cos 45° cos 90° + sin 30° cot 45 °
√2 cos 0° sin 45° + sin 0 °sin90° √2 cos 0° cos 90° + sin 0 ° cot 45 °

1 1 1
+
32 2 0 +
24
1
1 0.5
0+0
O T IS
N A D
CO N
1 0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
0 −1 −
ED PR

4 −3
6. if A = B=

3A × M = 2B; find matrix M.

©

Solution:
Given,
3A ×M = 2B
And let the order of the metric of M be (a × b)
0 −1 −
×2
D

4 −3
=3

Now, it’s clearly seen that

a = 2 and b = 1
So, the order of the matrix M is (2 × 1)
 0 −1 −
× =2
4 −3
3

0 −3 −
×
12 −9
=

−3. 10
12) − 9. 12
=

O T IS
Now, on comparing with corresponding elements we have
N A D
CO N
-3y = -10 and 12x – 9y = 12
9F 9F
O UC AA
T IO
PY
@ @
y= and 12x – 9( ) = 12
12x – 30 = 12
ED PR

12x = 42
< E
9
x= =
©

Therefore,
E

Matrix M = W9F
@
X
@

7 3 2 8 1 1 5 0
4 1 1 −2 −2 Y 7 3
7. if + - =
D

Find the values of a, b and c.

Solution:
7 3 2 8 1 1 5 0
4 1 1 −2 −2 Y 7 3
+ - =
 7+2 3+8 1 1 5 0
4+1 1−2 −2 Y 7 3
+ =

7+2−1 3+8−1 5 0
4+1+2 1−2−Y 7 3
=

7+1 8+2 5 0
7 −1 − Y 7 3
=

On comparing the corresponding elements, we have

a+1=5⇒a=4
b + 2 = 0 ⇒ b = -2

O T IS
-1 – c = 3 ⇒ c = -4
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
8. if A = ZM[ =
ED PR

(i) A (BA) (ii) (AB) B.

Solution:
(i) A (BA)
1 2 2 1 1 2
©

: ;
2 1 1 2 2 1
=

1 2 2+2 4+1
: ;
2 1 1+4 2+2
=

1 2 4 5
2 1 5 4
=

4 + 10 5 + 8
8 + 5 10 + 4
D

14 13
13 14
=

(ii) (AB) B
 1 2 2 1 1 2
: ;
2 1 1 2 2 1
=
2+2 4+1 1 2
1+4 2+2 2 1
=

4 5 1 2
5 4 2 1
=

4 + 10 5 + 8
8 + 5 10 + 4
=

14 13
13 14
=

O T IS) 3) 2 5
N A D
CO N
. 4. 1 12
9. Find x and y, if: =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
) 3) 2 5
. 4. 1 12
=
ED PR

2) + 3) 5
2. + 4. 12
=
©

Thus, on comparing the corresponding terms, we have

2x + 3x = 5 and 2y + 4y = 12
5x = 5 and 6y = 12
x = 5 and y = 2
−3 4 2 10
3 −3 −2 −8
10. If matrix X = and 2x – 3y = find the
D

matrix ‘X’ and matrix ‘Y’.

Solution:
−3 4 2 −6 − 8 −14
3 −3 −2 4+6 10
x= = =

)
Now,

Let Y = .
 −14 ) 10
-3 . =
10 −8
2x-3y = 2

−28 3) 10
=
20 3. −8
= -

−28 − 3) 10
= =
20 − 3. −8
On comparing with the corresponding terms, we have

O T IS
-28 – 3x = 10
3x = -38
G@C
N A D
CO N
@
x=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
And,
20 – 3y = -8
ED PR

3y = 38
@C
@
y=
9 −38
©

@ 28
Therefore, Y =

2 −1 −3 2 1 0
," = 7\] ^ =
2 0 4 0 0 2
11. Given A = find the
matrix X such that:
D

A + X = 2B + C
Solution:
2 −1 −3 2 1 0
+) =2 +
2 0 4 0 0 2
2 −1 −6 4 1 0
+) = +
2 0 8 0 0 2
2 −1 −5 4
+) =
2 0 8 2
 −5 4 2 −1
= −
8 2 2 0
X

7 5
6 2
X=

12. Find the value of x, given that A2 = B,

2 12 4 )
7\] " =
0 1 0 1
A=

O T IS
Solution:
2 12 2 12 4 )
! =
0 1 0 1 0 1
N A D
CO N
= =B
O UC AA
T IO
PY
4+0 24 + 12 4 )
! =
0 1 0 1
= =B
ED PR

4 36 4 )
! =
0 1 0 1
= =B
©

Thus, on comparing the terms we get x = 36.

D