FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

V1.0.4 Fort Sill, Oklahoma

February 2018

Forward.

In late 2017 the Field Artillery Captains’ Career Course (FA CCC) program of instruction still included an inordinate number
of references to the circa 2008 “Fire Support White Paper.” Since its’ publication, every Field Artillery and Fire Support
doctrinal reference has been updated and approved for publication. In some cases, White Paper techniques were adopted,
and in others they were rejected; having served for nearly a decade, the White Paper must now be considered obsolete.

In addition to the obsolescence of some source material, graduating classes repeatedly requested a reference guide for
use after reassignment to the force. This handbook attempts to refocus FA CCC back towards doctrinal source materials
and will serve as a guide to the FA CCC curriculum for current and former students.

Whenever possible it will discriminate between FA CCC techniques and examination guidelines while highlighting conflicts
within doctrine.

Purpose.

The FACCC Student Handbook is a reference guide for Field Artillery and Fire Support organization, activities, and
operations primarily at the battalion- and brigade-level. It follows the FA CCC program of instruction highlighting important
concepts, provides example techniques that nest with the latest published doctrine, and concludes with an Annex D (Fires)
standard operating procedure for use on examinations and during practical exercises.

Scope.

The FA CCC Student Handbook applies exclusively to FA CCC and attendant students. It is a unilateral United States Army
Fires Center of Excellence document. Included are excerpts from Joint doctrine where applicable and necessary to ensure
interoperability and understanding of the greater Fires Warfighting Function.

Applicability.

While useful as a reference guide, this publication does not supersede, supplant, or replace standard operating procedures
from other units and commands. Included techniques are based in doctrine (in some cases altered or enhanced for
instructional purposes) but these techniques are not proscriptive to the force.

Key Instructions.

In order to differentiate between FA CCC commentary and proscriptions and doctrinal definitions, multiple methods are
employed:

1) In-line doctrine is annotated using a separate font, “Courier New.” The applicable references will be cited by
name and nomenclature. For example, the definition of doctrine:

Doctrine: Army doctrine as fundamental principles, with supporting tactics, techniques,

procedures, and terms and symbols, used for the conduct of operations and with the operating
forces, and elements of the institutional Army that directly support operations, guide their
actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgement in
application.
(ADP 1-01, Doctrine Primer)

2) Alternate colors, primarily “red,” will be used to distinguish instructional text when viewing example products.

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

Examination Standard Operating Procedures References

Scheme of Fires…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
Annex D (Fires)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
Concept of Fires Matrix……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
Appendix 1—Target Overlay………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
Appendix 2—Fire Support Execution Matrix (FSEM)……………………………………………………………………………………………8
Appendix 3—Delivery Standards Matrix (HAT)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………9
Appendix 4—Target List Worksheet (DA 4655-R) (TLWS)………………………………………………………………………………11
Appendix 5—Field Artillery Support Plan (FASP)……………………………………………………………………………………………12
Tab A—Field Artillery Support Overlay……………………………………………………………………………………………………14
Tab B—Field Artillery Execution Matrix (FAEM)………………………………………………………………………………15

Important Concepts
Organization of the U.S. Army Field Artillery………………………………………………………………………………………………………………17
Targeting Effects (D9NNISE)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18
Fire Support Task (FST)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………20
Field Artillery Task (FAT)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21
Measures of Performance and Measures of Effectiveness…………………………………………………………………………………………22
Army Command Relationships…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………23
Army Support Relationships…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………25
Common Graphics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………27

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

Scheme of Fires. The detailed, logical sequence of targets and fire support events to find and
engage targets to accomplish the supported commander’s intent.
(FM 3-09, Field Artillery and Fire Support)

The scheme of fires is represented briefly within the body of the maneuver OPORD with a conceptual narrative statement
tied to the scheme of maneuver, the commander’s guidance/intent for Fires, and specifies Fire Support tasks. Annex D
(FIRES) and supporting appendices are created to provide detailed and executable Fire Support tasks for subordinate Fire
Support and Field Artillery organizations.

Annex D (FIRES). This annex describes the fires concept of support objectives. A complex
fires concept of support may require a schematic to show the fires objectives and task
relationships. It includes a discussion of the overall fires concept of support with the
specific details in element subparagraphs and attachments. It refers to the execution
matrix to clarify timing relationships among various fires tasks. This annex also contains
the information needed to synchronize timing relationships of each element related to fires.
It includes fires-related constraints, if appropriate.
(FM 6-0, Commander and Staff Organization and Operations)

A fires annex may be needed to expand upon the scheme of fires subparagraph of the BCT OPLAN
or OPORD. The BCT S-3, brigade FSO, and fires cell planners must carefully weigh the need
for a fires annex and the level of detail required based on the complexity of the operation,
deviations from standard operating procedures, BCT commander’s guidance, and the time
available to develop, publish, and disseminate the OPLAN or OPORD. If the fires subparagraph
is adequate, do not publish a fires annex. A fire support execution matrix may be developed
as part of the fires annex. A fire support execution matrix may also be used in place of a
standard fires annex if the operation is not complicated and when time constraints prevent
development of a standard fires annex.
(ATP 3-09.42, Fire Support for the Brigade Combat Team)

Concept of Fires Matrix.

PHASE: State the phase of the operation using the same phasing scheme as the supported OPORD.
Phase II (Breach).

TASK: List each fire support task executed during this phase. FSTs are numbered consecutively throughout the
operation.

Task & Effect: [Targeting Effect] + [Enemy Formation/Function/Capability].

Purpose: [Maneuver commander’s intent or desired end state].
FST 1: Degrade ENY SBF2’s ability to observe breaching forces.
P1: Enable beaching force to successfully clear two vehicle lanes through the obstacle belt.

FST 2: Destroy ENY armor company.

P2: In support of 2-14IN’s attack on OBJ HERALD.

FST 3: Deny use of ENY weapons locating radar section.

P3: To prevent effective ENY counter-battery fires during Phase II (Breach).

FST 4: Disrupt approach of ENY mechanized infantry battalion.

P4: To disorganize ENY timing and sequence of attack.

PRIORITY OF FIRE: State the consolidated priority of fire to a single subordinate unit (or succession of units) for all fires
assets under this unit’s command or control.
Single POF example: A/1-509 PIR.
In-sequence POF example: TM A, TM C, TM D, TM B.

ALLOCATIONS: List any additional assets assigned to subordinates for planning. Examples include: priority targets,
radar sensor zones, apportionment of FA/MTR ammunition and targets, Army attack aviation support, and Joint close air
support sorties.

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

A Co: 100x 120mm HE, 1x FA PRI TGT, 20min x 200m mortar SMK, 1x CFZ.
B Co: 50x 120mm HE, 1x FA TGT.
C Co: 50x 120mm HE, 4x AH-64(1,200x 30mm, 8x AGM-114, 38x 2.75in ea.) during Phase II (Breach).

POSITIONING GUIDANCE: Provide positioning guidance to subordinate organic, attached, OPCON, TACON mortars,
and forward observation teams.

Firing Unit: [Unit] moves from [current location, AOF, 6-digit grid] along [Route and checkpoints] to [destination location,
AOF, 6-digit grid] upon [movement trigger], [in position ready to fire time].
BN Mortars move from MFP1 (AOF 1700, ND123 456) along RTE TEXAS (SP, CP 1, CP 2, RP) to MFP2 (AOF 1600,
ND123 456) upon EOM AB1000, IPRTF NLT A Co crosses ND45 easting.

Observation Unit: Upon [trigger to move], [unit] establish [destination location, AOS, 6-digit grid] with [fire support
equipment/capability], [in position ready to observe time].
Upon crossing ND45 easting, B Co establishes OP1 (AOS 1500, ND123 456) with LLDR, IPRTO NLT BN crosses LD.

Firing units and observation units may remain in position: [Unit] remain in position [location, AOF/AOS, 6-digit grid].
BN Mortars remain in position MFP1 (AOF 1700, ND123 456).

FSCMs and RESTRICTIONS: List all active FSCMs, ACAs, radar sensor zones, and restrictions for Fires during this
phase.
NFA1 (250m radius, ND1234 5678); NFA2 (200m x 200m, LLC ND1234 5678); NFA3 (ND1234 5678, ND1234 5678,
ND1234 5678, ND1234 5678).
RFA1 (250m radius, ND1234 5678), no incendiary munitions; RFA2 (200m x 200m, LLC ND1234 5678), no cratering
munitions.
CFL NEBRASKA; o/o CFL WISCONSIN.
FSCL NEW YORK.
ROZ1 (500m radius, ND1234 5678), BDE SHADOW launch/recovery operations.

CFZ1 (ND1234 5678, ND1234 5678, ND1234 5678, ND1234 5678).

CFFZ1 (1km x 1km, LLC ND1234 5678).

No cratering munitions on HWY-44.

No cratering or cluster munitions on Ft Sill and Lawton airfields.

FW A/C remain above 6000ft AGL.

RW A/C remain west of ND66 easting while north of the ND49 northing.

For successive phases, may state “By exception from Phase I: …”. Informal ACAs must always be restated if they remain
in effect.
By exception from Phase I:
Delete: Add:
ROZ1; NFA1. NFA4 (250m radius, ND1234 5678).
FW A/C remain above 6000ft AGL.

FST # TARGET TRIGGER LOCATION OBSERVER DELIVERY AGM & ME COMMS

List the FST the Target number, Technical/ 8-digit grid Primary and Primary system Attack Primary and
TGT supports. group or series tactical trigger location of the alternate units to support the guidance and alternate
name, or target to execute the target(s), responsible for target (alternate method of comms nets for
description with target; SEAD sensor zones control/ required when engagement for subordinate
associated missions will and TAIs may observation of the primary is the target for units to request
CFFZ or TAI. . include both be used with the target. an air asset). primary and and control the
TOT and trigger name and alternates. target.
to execute. location.

P: BN FS(D)
4x GBU-38
A: BN FS(V)
TAI 1 A Co crosses ND1234 5678 P: B Co P: 2x A-10
FST 1
T-80 Co ND45 easting (TAI center) A: A Co A: BN MTR
P: BN FS(D)
10rds HE/VT
A: BN FS(V)

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Non-standard
TM B crosses SEAD
AB1005 PL JAGUAR ND1234 5678 -2:00 to -0:30
P: TM C P: BN FS(D)
FST 2 B/5-25FA +0:30 to +3:00
A: 1-8IN A: BN FS(V)
TOT est. when HE/VT
A/C check in -0:30
AB1010 ND1234 5678
Mark WP

P: BDE CFire
FST 3 MTR or FA CFZ1 As acquired Q-53 WLR 1/A/2-28FA 3x GMLRS
A: BDE FS(D)

CFFZ 1 P: BDE CFire

FST 4 As acquired CFFZ1 Q-36 WLR BTRY 155 6rds HE/VT
FA A: BDE FS(D)

ASSESSMENT: List the measure of performance and measure of effectiveness for each FST listed above.

MOP: [AG/ME] + [Trigger].

MOE: [Restate/reword the maneuver commander’s intent or desired end state].
MOP 1: Provide 10min continuous suppression HE/VT once TM A crosses 36 Easting.
MOE 1: TM A occupies SBF 1 without receiving effective indirect/direct fire from MIC (2-324 BDE).
MOP 2: 20minx300m smoke provided once TM A is set in SBF 1.
MOE 2: TM C conducts breach without receiving effective indirect/direct fire from MIC (2-324 BDE).

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Appendix 1—Target Overlay. The target overlay may be used to supplement the DA Form 4655. The
overlay is a graphical representation using standard military symbols. Targets are plotted
on the overlay by symbols and target numbers. Fires assets supporting the maneuver unit,
as well as all FSCMs, should be plotted on the overlay. The overlay is used as a tool to:
1. Resolve duplication of targets.
2. Integrate the scheme of fires with the scheme of maneuver.
3. Determine the most appropriate unit to engage the target.
(ATP 3-09.42, Fire Support for the Brigade Combat Team)

This overlay is a temporal graphical representation of all active and planned Fires, Field Artillery, and Fire Support unit
positioning and supporting Fire Support coordination measures. It includes:
1. Admin data (BLACK INK).
a. Classification markings (TOP and BOTTOM).
b. Location reference marks (OPPOSITE CORNERS).
c. Heading label:
Appendix 1—Target Overlay
Annex D (Fire Support) to OPORD [NAME]
[Unit], [MAP NAME], [Map Scale], [DTG of Creation]
Prepared by: [Rank, Name]
2. Fire Support unit locations (BLUE INK).
a. Forward observation posts.
b. Mortar locations.
c. Field Artillery firing unit locations.
d. Target acquisition unit locations.
3. Fire Support positioning information (BLACK INK).
a. Mortar route planning.
b. Mortar movement control graphics.
c. Field Artillery position areas.
4. Fire Support coordination graphics (BLACK INK).
a. Unit boundaries.
b. Maneuver phase lines and movement control graphics.
c. Fire Support coordination measures.
d. Targets, target groups, and target series.
e. Radar sensor zones.
f. Target areas of interest.
5. Airspace control graphics (BLACK INK). Only those airspace control measures deemed most necessary to plan
and coordinate Fires should be included. If necessary, a separate “airspace overlay” should be created to reduce
complexity of the target overlay. Brigade-levels and above will produce a separate airspace overlay.
a. Airspace coordination areas, informal and formal.
b. Attack aviation graphics including battle positions and holding areas.
c. Close air support graphics including contact points.
(adapted from FACCC Fire Support Planning classes)

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Appendix 1—Target Overlay

(adapted from FA CCC Fire Support Planning classes)

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Appendix 2—Fire Support Execution Matrix (FSEM). The fire support execution matrix is a concise
planning and execution tool for both the offense and the defense that shows the many factors
of a sometimes complex fire support plan. This matrix helps the fire support personnel and
the commander understand how the fire plan supports the scheme of maneuver. When approved,
the matrix becomes the primary execution tool. The matrix can provide a detailed portrayal
of the portions of the fire support plan that each BCT subordinate commander, fires cell,
FSO and observer is responsible for executing. The matrix can graphically communicate the
details of the fires paragraph and ties executors to targets relative to time or events of
the scheme of maneuver. The format for the fire support execution matrix and techniques
for its development and use varies according to individual unit tactical standard operating
procedures. The matrix is typically set up with the maneuver elements shown along the left
side and different phases (phase lines, events, or times) of the mission along the top.
Phases should correspond to phases established on maneuver execution matrixes. As a general
rule, don’t make the matrix any more complicated than circumstances warrant.
(ATP 3-09.42, Fire Support for the Brigade Combat Team)

(adapted from ATP 3-09.42, Fire Support for the Brigade Combat Team)

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

Appendix 3—Delivery Standards Matrix (HPTL, AGM, TSS) (HAT). The sample delivery standards matrix
provides criteria for the attack of HPTs in each phase of the battle. Units may develop
their own delivery standards matrix format. It also facilitates objective decision- making
for attacking targets at the lowest level possible. Key personnel, such as the FAIO, fires
cell targeting officer, and the battalion fire direction officer, all refer to the matrix.
When HPTs are identified they are automatically engaged if they meet the criteria established
by the matrix.

High-payoff Target List. The HPTL identifies the HPTs by phases in the battle and order of
priority. Other considerations include the following:
1. The sequence or order of appearance.
2. The ability to detect, identify, classify, locate, and track the target. (This
decision must include
3. Sensor availability and processing timeline considerations.)
4. The degree of accuracy available from the acquisition system(s).
5. The ability to engage the target.
6. The ability to achieve the desired effects on the basis of attack guidance.
Targets are prioritized according to the considerations above within specific time windows.
The targeting working group recommends priorities for the targets according to its judgment
and the advice of the fires cell targeting officer and the field artillery intelligence
officer (FAIO). Target spreadsheets give a recommended priority and engagement sequence. If
the target spreadsheet or war gaming departs from the commander's guidance, it is noted on
the proposed HPTL to inform the commander of the conflict. The target category of the HPT
is shown, either by name or by number, on the list. The category name and number are shown
on the target spreadsheet. The number of target priorities should not be excessive. Too
many priorities will dilute the intelligence collection acquisition and engagement efforts.
The approved list is given to the operations, intelligence, and fires cell. It is used as
a planning tool to determine attack guidance and to refine the collection plan. This list
may also indicate the commander's operational need for battle damage assessment (BDA) of
the specific target and the time window for collecting and reporting it.

Attack Guidance Matrix. Knowing target vulnerabilities and analyzing the probable effect
an engagement will have on enemy operations allows a staff to propose the most efficient
available engagement option. Key guidance is whether the commander wishes to disrupt delay,
damage, or destroy the enemy. During war gaming, decision points linked to events, areas of
interest, or points on the battlefield are developed. These decision points cue the command
decisions and staff actions where tactical decisions are needed.

Target Selection Standards. Target selection standards are based on the enemy activity under
consideration and available weapon systems by using the following:
1. Weapon system target location accuracy requirements (target location error).
2. Size of the enemy activity (point or area).
3. Status of the activity (moving or stationary).
4. Timeliness of the information.

Considering these factors, different target selection standards may exist for a given enemy
activity based on different weapons system. For example, an enemy artillery battery may
have a 150-meter TLE requirement for attack by cannon artillery and a 1-kilometer requirement
for attack aircraft. Target selection standards are developed by the fires cell in
conjunction with military intelligence personnel. Intelligence analysts use target selection
standards to quickly determine targets from battlefield information and pass the targets to
the fires cell. Weapon system managers such as fires cells, fire control elements, or fire
direction centers use the target selection standards to identify targets for expeditious
attack. Commands can develop standard target selection standards based on threat
characteristics and doctrine matched with the standard available weapon systems.
(adapted from ATP 3-60, Targeting)

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The delivery standards matrix (HAT) is both a planning and warfighting document used by battalions and higher. Created
during course of action analysis, it allows staffs to ensure the correct weight of fire is allocated according to the commander’s
guidance without overtasking systems based upon ammunition constraints. During execution, it is a reliable tool to identify
target requests for prioritized mission processing with associated delivery systems.

Target Categories (complete additional sheets as necessary)

[Target Category] Maneuver Armor Artillery Air Defense

Dismounted IN SA-8
[Specific formation] T-80 2S3
BMP SA-9
[Specific equipment] T-90 2S19
BRDM ZSU

1: TLE 6 1: 100m 1 1: 1: 1:
2: Target size 2: Platoon 2: 2: 2:
TF Mortars 3: Static / moving 3: Static 3: 3: 3:
4: Time delay 4: 10min 4: 4: 4:
5: ATK Guidance & ME 5: PLT 6rds HE/VT 5: 5: 5:
1: 3 1: 100m 2 1: 1: 1:

2: 2: Platoon 2: 2: 2:

Field Artillery 3: 3: Static 3: 3: 3:

Delivery Systems (separate precision munitions from the delivery system)

4: 4: 10min 4: 4: 4:

5: 5: BTRY 6rds HE/VT 5: 5: 5:

1: 1 1: 1km 3 1: 1: 1:

2: 2: Platoon 2: 2: 2:

CCA 3: 3: Moving 3: 3: 3:

4: 4: 60min 4: 4: 4:

5: 5: 30mm 5: 5: 5:

1: 2 1: 1km 5 1: 1: 1:

2: 2: Company 2: 2: 2:

CAS 3: 3: Moving 3: 3: 3:

4: 4: 30min 4: 4: 4:

5: 5: 30mm 5: 5: 5:

1: 5 1: 6m 6 1: 1: 1:

2: 2: Platoon 2: 2: 2:

EXCAL 3: 3: Static 3: 3: 3:

4: 4: 10min 4: 4: 4:

5: 5: 6rds VT 5: 5: 5:

1: 4 1: 200m 4 1: 1: 1:

2: 2: Company 2: 2: High pay-off target

2: list
HIMARS 3: 3: Static 3: 3:
Target selection
3:
standards
4: 4: 15min 4: 4: 4:
Attack guidance matrix
5: 5: 4x M30 5: 5: 5:

(adapted from ATP 3-60, Targeting)

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

Appendix 4—Target List Worksheet (DA 4655-R) (TLWS). DA Form 4655 (Target List Worksheet)
facilitates fire planning. It is a preliminary list of targets and their descriptions. Fire
support personnel recommend targets be added to the fire support plan for the commander’s
approval.
(ATP 3-09.30, Observed Fire)

The target list worksheet (TLWS) is a planning tool. It allows superior, subordinate, and adjacent headquarters to routinely
plan and transmit target data. It should be understood that targets referenced on the TLWS are generally templated enemy
locations. During execution, fire support teams (FIST) and forward observation (FO) teams are responsible for templated
position refinement, target recognition, and location.

(adapted from ATP 3-09.30, Observed Fire)

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

Appendix 5—Field Artillery Support Plan (FASP). The BCT field artillery battalion’s OPLAN or OPORD
is normally used in lieu of a field artillery support plan. If a field artillery support
plan is used, it is an appendix to the fires annex to the BCT OPLAN or OPORD. The field
artillery support plan provides for coordinated action to carry out the decisions of the
field artillery commander in support of the BCT operation.

The field artillery support plan follows the format of the five-paragraph OPLAN or OPORD
and refers to both the BCT OPLAN or OPORD and its fires annex. However, not all of the
commanders and staffs of the units (such as a FAB cannon field artillery battalion
reinforcing the BCT’s cannon field artillery battalion) supporting the force field artillery
(only the BCT’s field artillery battalion for a simple BCT operation) that is preparing the
field artillery support plan will receive copies of the BCT OPLAN or OPORD or its fires
annex. Therefore, the field artillery support plan may reiterate critical items of
information to ensure that all supporting commanders and staffs receive the information.

The field artillery support plan should not include information already available in unit
standard operating procedures. The purpose of the written plan is to inform subordinate and
supporting units of tasks and requirements that are peculiar to a specific operation. The
format for a field artillery support plan is illustrated Figure B-1. Explanations are given
for the various paragraphs and subparagraphs in the relevant portions of the order.

Prepare tabs for portions of the plan that are better explained in a different format (for
example, as an overlay or a matrix), that are too extensive to be in the plan, that are
expected to change, or that are submitted too late to be included in the body of the field
artillery support plan. Common tabs include:
1. Field Artillery execution matrix.
2. Target lists.
3. Fire plan schedules.
4. Survey.
5. Target acquisition.
6. Digital (AFATDS) fire direction system links and subscriber tables.
7. Field Artillery positioning and movement overlay.
(ATP 3-09.42, Fire Support for the Brigade Combat Team)

PHASE: State the phase of the operation using the same phasing scheme as the supported OPORD.

Phase II (Breach).

TASK: List each Field Artillery task executed during this phase. FATs are numbered consecutively throughout the
operation and might not align with the supported FST number.

Task #: [Targeting Effect] + [Enemy Formation/Function/Capability].

Purpose #: [Maneuver commander’s intent or desired end state].
FAT5: Suppress ENY reinforcing armor company.
P5: To disorganize ENY reinforcements and interrupt a synchronized counterattack against 4-31IN.

PRIORITY OF FIRE: State the Field Artillery priority of fires to maneuver units verbatim from the concept of fires. This is
established by the maneuver headquarters in the provided Annex D.
4-31IN.

ALLOCATIONS: List any additional assets assigned or attached to subordinates for planning. Examples include:
additional maintenance, recovery, engineer, or medical forces.

POSITIONING GUIDANCE: Provide positioning guidance to ALL subordinate organic, attached, OPCON, and TACON
units during each phase.

Firing and target acquisition units: [unit] moves from [current location, AOF/AOS, 6-digit grid] along [route and
checkpoints] to [destination location, AOF/AOS, 6-digit grid] upon [movement trigger], [in position ready to fire time].

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

A/1-7FA moves from PAA A1 (ND123 456, AOF1200) along Route HEELS (SP, CP1, RP) to PAA A2 (ND123 456,
AOF1700) upon completion of AB3005, IPRTF NLT 1-68AR crosses ND44 easting.

Firing and target acquisition units that remain stationary: [unit] remains in [current location, AOF, 6-digit grid].
B/1-7FA remains in PAA B2 (ND123 456, AOF1900).

Target acquisition units may co-locate with firing units: [unit, current location, AOS, 6-digit grid] co-locates with [unit,
AOS].
1/Q-53 in TAA (ND123 456) AOS1300 co-locates with A/1-7FA (AOS2200).

Other units: [unit] moves from [current location, 6-digit grid] along [route and checkpoints] to [destination location, 6-digit
grid] upon [movement trigger].
Other units that remain stationary: [unit] remains in [current location, 6-digit grid].
Other units may co-locate with each other: [unit, current location, 6-digit grid] co-locates with [unit].
MAIN CP moves from TAA (ND123 456) along Route SNEAKER (SP, CP1, RP) to ND123 456 upon beginning of PII.
Field Trains Command Post (FTCP) remains in BSA (ND123 456).
Combat Trains Command Post (CTCP) in TAA (ND123 456) co-locates with MAIN CP.
BN Aid Station in TAA (ND123 456) co-locates with MAIN CP.

FSCMs and RESTRICTIONS: List all active FSCMs, ACAs, radar sensor zones, and restrictions for Fires during this
phase.

FAT # TGT # TRIGGER LOCATION OBSERVER DELIVERY AGM & ME COMMS

No change No change State the PAA No change Assign to No change No change
from FST. from FST. the TGT will be from FST. subordinate or from FST. Add from FST.
fired from for reinforcing FA the intended
primary and units. Must charge/
alternate units. have primary propellant for
and alternate primary unit.
unless no
available units.

BTRY 6rds
A Co crosses P: PAA B1 P: B Co P: B/5-25FA P: BN FD(D)
FST 1 AB1000 DPICM
ND45 easting A: PAA A2 A: A Co A: A/5-25FA A: BN FD(V)
4H
TM B crosses Continuous
AB1005 PL JAGUAR SEAD HE/VT
P: PAA C1 P: TM C P: C/5-25FA P: BN FD(D)
FST 2 2L
A: PAA A2 A: 1-8IN A: B/5-25FA A: BN FD(V)
TOT est. when Mark WP
AB1010
A/C check in 2L
PAA A2 BN 3rds HE/VT
P: BN FD(D)
FST 3 2S3 Battery CFZ1 PAA B1 1/Q-53 5-25FA A/B: 2L
A: BN FD(V)
PAA C1 C: 4H
ASSESSMENT: List the measure of performance and measure of effectiveness for each FAT listed above.

The MOP and MOE for an unaltered FST/FAT combination remain identical. When a FST/FAT combination must be
altered the associated MOP and MOE will change in accordance with the updated targeting effect and commander’s
intent.

MOP: [AG/ME] + [Trigger].

MOE: [Restate/reword the maneuver commander’s intent or desired end state].

MOP 1: Provide 10min continuous suppression DPICM once TM A crosses 36 Easting.

MOE 1: ENY Armor reinforcements unable to attack 4-31IN with greater than platoon strength.

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

Tab A, Appendix 5—Field Artillery Support Overlay.

(ATP 3-09.90 Division Artillery Operations and Fire Support for the Division references an “FA positioning and movement
overlay” but does not describe it)
(ATP 3-09.23 Field Artillery Cannon Battalion references a “Field Artillery Support Overlay” and provides only a limited
depiction)

This overlay is a temporal graphical representation of all active and planned Field Artillery unit positioning and supporting
Fire Support coordination measures. It includes:
1. Admin data (BLACK INK).
a. Classification markings (TOP and BOTTOM).
b. Location reference marks (OPPOSITE CORNERS).
c. Heading label:
Appendix 4, Tab A—Field Artillery Support Overlay
Annex D (Fire Support) to OPORD [NAME]
[Unit], [MAP NAME], [Map Scale], [DTG of Creation]
Prepared by: [Rank, Name]
2. Field Artillery unit locations (BLUE INK).
a. Field Artillery unit locations including all organic, attached, OPCON, and TACON subordinates.
b. General support and reinforcing firing unit locations.
c. General support and reinforcing target acquisition unit locations.
3. Field Artillery positioning information (BLACK INK).
a. Route planning.
b. Movement control graphics.
c. Field Artillery position areas including those of general support and reinforcing units.
4. Fire Support coordination graphics (BLACK INK).
a. Unit boundaries.
b. Maneuver phase lines and movement control graphics.
c. Fire Support coordination measures.
d. Targets, target groups, and target series.
e. Radar sensor zones.
f. Target areas of interest assigned to Field Artillery units.
5. Airspace control graphics (BLACK INK). Only those airspace control measures that restrict surface-to-surface
Fires will be included.
a. Airspace coordination areas, informal and formal.
6. Field Artillery range planning arcs (2/3 range). Range planning arcs are drawn from the target/sensor zones during
course of action development in order to assist in choosing suitable position areas from the potential locations
identified during Intelligence preparation of the battlefield and creation of the modified combined obstacle overlay.
Time dependent, once the course of action is approved the range arcs may be redrawn from the selected position
areas at full range.
a. 105mm:
i. HE 8km (GREEN INK).
ii. RAP 13km (RED INK).
b. 155mm:
i. 2L 8km (GREEN INK).
ii. 4H 12km (BLUE INK).
iii. RAP 20km (RED INK).
(adapted from ATP 3-09.23, Field Artillery Cannon Battalion)

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

Tab A, Appendix 5—Field Artillery Support Overlay

(adapted from ATP 3-09.23, Field Artillery Cannon Battalion)

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

Tab B, Appendix 5—Field Artillery Execution Matrix (FAEM).

(no description is given, but is referenced as the Field Artillery Support Matrix in ATP 3-09.23, Field Artillery Cannon
Battalion. Additionally, the example given is named Field Artillery Execution Matrix)

The Field Artillery execution matrix (FAEM) is similar in nature and use to the fire support execution matrix (FSEM). It is
both a planning and execution tool and it depicts a potentially complicated plan in a simplified manner allowing Field Artillery
commanders and staffs to easily conceptualize and track planned activities during an operation.

Phase I Phase II (complete additional

PHASES
(Forward Passage of Lines) (Attack on OBJ LANNISTER) columns as needed)
List each
subordinate
organic, attached, List assigned targets
OPCON, TACON, List position areas w/ AOF
reinforcing
firing unit
PAA A1 (AOF1600) o/o PAA A2 (AOF 2000)
(P) AB3000
List assigned targets
A/2-15FA (A) AB3020 (BN)
List position areas w/ AOF

PAA B1 (AOF 1400)

o/o PAA B2 (AOF 1700)
List assigned targets
B/2-15FA (A) AB3000
List position areas w/ AOF
(P) AB3010
AB3020 (BN)
List the HQs of FA
List assigned targets but not
units in GSR
positioning guidance unless
support directly to
authorized by Force FA HQ
your HQ
1/Q-53 Co-locate w/ A/2-15FA Remain w/ A (AOS 2500)
List each organic, (AOS2000)
List active sensor zones
attached, OPCON, CFZ1
List position areas w/ AOS
TACON CFFZ1
radar separately
TAA (ND123 456) ND 123 456
MAIN CP List position area

ND123 456 ND123 456

RETRANS List position area

BSA (ND123 456) BSA (ND123 456) BSA (ND123 456)

FTCP List position area

Co-locate w/ MAIN CP
CTCP List position area

Co-locate w/ MAIN CP
Bn Aid Station List position area

NFA1, NFA2
RFA1, RFA2
FSCMs and ACAs List active FSCMs and ACAs FSCL ROMEO
CFL YANKEE o/o TANGO
ROZ1
6x FMs
Survivability Move List the SMC to be used 60min stationary
Criteria during this phase Upon observation/contact

1/89CAV o/o 2-14IN 4-31IN

List the priority maneuver
Priority of Fire
unit for support

(adapted from ATP 3-09.23, Field Artillery Cannon Battalion)

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Organization of the U.S. Army Field Artillery.

Corps and division fires cells
synchronize all fire support for
the command to include Army, joint
and unified action partners.
Through targeting, cyber
electromagnetic activities are
integrated and synchronized by the
electronic warfare officer. Corps
and division fires cells also
participate in assessment (battle
damage, munitions effectiveness,
re-attack recommendations); develop
planning guidance; provide target
intelligence for planning and
execution and coordinate with the
battlefield coordination detachment
collocated with the respective air
support operations center.

At the division level, air support operations centers are aligned with the division
headquarters. Integrating air support operations centers and tactical air control parties
with division fires cell personnel, Army airspace personnel give the division a powerful
joint collaborative team maximizing the use of fires with airspace. This team comes together
within the division current operations integrating cell referred to as the Joint Air-Ground
Integration Center (JAGIC). Although the JAGIC takes direction from the G-3 or chief of
current operations, the division chief of fires maintains executive oversight of the JAGIC.
The assistant FSCOORD serves as the senior Army representative in the JAGIC and works
closely with the senior air director for the air support operations center.

The brigade fires cell plans, coordinates, integrates, synchronizes and de-conflicts the
employment and assessment of fires for both current and future operations. The brigade fires
cell is generally organized with a fire support officer and assistants, an air defense
airspace management element (ADAM), an electronic warfare element, a targeting element, and
digital systems operators. The brigade aviation element typically collocates with the ADAM.
The fires cell plans, prepares, coordinates and integrates the execution and assessment of
fires including artillery, mortar, radar, electronic attack, air support, naval surface
fire support, and other joint assets.

Force Field Artillery Headquarters: if designated by the supported commander, is normally

the senior field artillery headquarters organic, assigned, attached, or placed under the
operational control of that command. The supported commander specifies the commensurate
responsibilities of the force field artillery headquarters and the duration of those
responsibilities.

Fire Support Coordinator: The fire support coordinator is the unit commander’s primary
advisor for the planning, coordination, and integration of field artillery and fire
support in the execution of assigned tasks. As a commander, his inherent duties include
the consolidated and focused fire support specific training, certification, readiness and
oversight.

Chief of Fires: is the senior fires officer at division and higher headquarters level who
is responsible for advising the commander on the best use of available fire support
resources, providing input to necessary orders, developing and implementing the fire
support plan.

Fire Support Officer: is the field artillery officer from the operational to tactical
level responsible for advising the supported commander and assisting the senior fires
officer of the organization on fires functions and fire support.
(FM 3-09, Field Artillery Operations and Fire Support)
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Targeting Effects (D9NNISE). The commander’s targeting guidance describes the desired effects to
be generated by fires, physical attack, cyber electromagnetic activities, and other
information related capabilities against threat operations. An effect is:
1. The physical or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of
actions, or another effect.
2. The result, outcome, or consequence of an action.
3. A change to a condition, behavior, or degree of freedom (JP 3-0).
Targeting enables the commander through various lethal and nonlethal capabilities the
ability to produce the desired effects. Capabilities associated with one desired effect
may also contribute to other desired effects. For example, delay can result from disrupting,
diverting, or destroying enemy capabilities or targets.

Military leaders attempt to mislead threat decision makers by

Deceive.
manipulating their understanding of reality.
Defeat is a tactical mission task that occurs when an enemy force has
temporarily or permanently lost the physical means or the will to fight.
The defeated force’s commander is unwilling or unable to pursue that
individual’s adopted course of action, thereby yielding to the friendly
commander’s will and can no longer interfere to a significant degree with
the actions of friendly forces. Defeat can result from the use of force
or the threat of its use (FM 3-90-1). Defeat manifests itself in some
Defeat.
sort of physical action, such as mass surrenders, abandonment of
positions, equipment and supplies, or retrograde operations. A commander
can create different effects against an enemy to defeat that force. For
example, a commander’s employment of field artillery fires to attack an
enemy force may result in the enemy no longer having sufficient personnel,
weapons systems, equipment, or supplies to carry out its mission.
Likewise, the delivery of massed, synchronized and intense fires can
cause enemy personnel to lose the will to continue to fight.
Degrade. To degrade is to reduce the effectiveness or efficiency of a threat.
To delay is to slow the time of arrival of enemy forces or capabilities
or alter the ability of the enemy or adversary to project forces or
capabilities. (FM 3-09) When enemy forces are delayed, friendly forces
Delay. gain time. For delay to have a major impact the enemy must face urgent
movement requirements or the delay must enhance the effect(s) of friendly
operations. When delayed enemy forces mass behind a damaged route segment
a more concentrated set of targets and a longer period of exposure to
friendly fires results.
An example of deny is to destroy the threat’s communications equipment
as a means of denying his use of the electromagnetic spectrum; however,
Deny. the duration of denial will depend on the enemy’s ability to reconstitute.
Denial operations are actions to hinder or deny the enemy the use of
space, personnel, supplies, or facilities.
Destroy is a tactical mission task that physically renders an enemy force
combat- ineffective until it is reconstituted. Alternatively, to destroy
Destroy. a combat system is to damage it so badly that it cannot perform any
function or be restored to a usable condition without being entirely
rebuilt.
Destruction is 1. In the context of the computed effects of field
artillery fires, destruction renders a target out of action permanently,
Destruction.
or ineffective for a long period of time, producing 30-percent casualties
or materiel damage. A type of adjustment for destroying a given target.
A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and
indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy’s formation or
Disrupt.
tempo, interrupt the enemy’s timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit
prematurely or attack in a piecemeal fashion.
To divert is to turn aside or from a path or course of action. A
Divert. diversion is the act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy from
the point of the principal operation; an attack, alarm, or feint that

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diverts attention (JP 3-03). Diversion causes enemy forces to consume

resources or capabilities critical to enemy operations in a way that is
advantageous to friendly operations. Diversions draw the attention of
enemy forces away from critical friendly operations and prevent enemy
forces and their support resources from being employed for their intended
purpose. Diversions can also cause more circuitous routing along lines
of communication, resulting in delays for enemy forces. An option for
field artillery employment in support of a commander’s diversion is to
use high explosive fires to encourage an enemy to adopt a different
route.
Neutralize is a tactical mission task that results in rendering enemy
Neutralize. personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular
operation.
Neutralization in the context of the computed effects of field artillery
Neutralization. fires, neutralization renders a target ineffective for a short period of
time, producing 10-percent casualties or materiel damage.
Interdict is a tactical mission task where the commander prevents,
Interdict.
disrupts, or delays the enemy’s use of an area or route.
Suppress is a tactical mission task that results in temporary degradation
Suppress. of the performance of a force or weapons system below the level needed
to accomplish the mission.
Exploitation is an offensive task that usually follows a successful
Exploitation.
attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth.
(ATP 3-60, Targeting)

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Fire Support Task (FST). The purpose of the fire support tasks are to ensure that the maneuver
commander's guidance for fires is accomplished. The audience for the fire support tasks is
the maneuver commander and staff. The fire support tasks let the commander know that fires
personnel understand and have specific tasks that accomplish the intent for fires. Fire
support tasks drive the development of Annex D. The task describes what effects (for
example, delay, disrupt, divert or destroy) fires must create on a target. The purpose
describes why the task contributes to commander's objective. The effect quantifies
successful accomplishment of the task. For more information on the development of fire
support tasks see ATP 3-09.42.
Task- Disrupt enemy observation of breaching forces.
Purpose- To allow breaching forces to conduct the breach without being engaged by
effective direct and indirect fire.
Effect- Enemy unable to observe breaching forces until breach is complete.
(ATP 3-09.90, Division Artillery Operations and Fire Support for the Division)

A fire support task is a task given to a fire support unit or organization that supports
the commander’s scheme of maneuver. A fire support task is an essential element of the
fire support plan. The task must be clear, concise, and include the elements of task,
purpose, and effect.

The task states the supported maneuver task and the type(s) of effects the firing unit must
provide for that phase of the operation. The task describes what fire support must
accomplish to support the BCT operation. The effect identifies the desired result or
outcome the delivered fires are to achieve.

Purpose: The purpose states the supported maneuver commander’s purpose and the desired end
state for the targeted enemy formation, function, or capability. The purpose describes the
why of the fire support task. In this case why is in order to disrupt the enemy’s ability
to observe our breaching operation.
(ATP 3-09.42, Fire Support for the Brigade Combat Team)

Fire Support Task #: [Targeting Effect] + [Enemy Formation/Function/Capability].

Purpose #: [Maneuver commander’s intent or desired end state].

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Field Artillery Task (FAT). Field artillery tasks must accomplish a well-defined result. The BCT
commander or brigade FSO my directly state a field artillery task or it may be inferred by
the supporting field artillery battalion commander. For example, if a fire support task is
to be successfully performed, the supporting field artillery task must be successfully
executed.

In planning for a field artillery task, the commander considers the elements of the task –
the task description itself, its purpose, and the desired effect. Task describes the
objectives that fires must achieve against a specific enemy capability. The task has three
parts: targeting objective, enemy formation and function. Destroy, delay, disrupt or limit
are all examples of objectives. Formation is the size of the threat, and function is the
capability of this threat to achieve its task and purpose. Destroy is the targeting
objective, all enemy indirect fire systems are clearly the enemy formation, and the enemy’s
ability to place effective fires on the friendly base is the function in Field Artillery
Task 1.
(ATP 3-09.42, Fire Support for the Brigade Combat Team)

A Field Artillery task is built similarly to a Fire Support task. In most cases, the FAT is identical to the supported FST. On
occasion, when necessary the FSCOORD or supported commander may direct a FAT that does not directly support a FST.
In that case, the FAT is built in the same manner as a FST. When a FST is built around a different Fire Support system
such as close air support, it will be necessary for the supporting FAT (as the alternate delivery system in the scheme of
Fires) to be adjusted to account for differences in system capabilities. For example:

FST: Destroy ENY reinforcing armor company.

P: To prevent effective counterattack during phase III.

Because Type 3 CAS is more precise and capable of engaging point targets individually, the ability of Field Artillery to
achieve the same targeting effect will require a significant amount of artillery ammunition that would likely cut into the
ammunition requirements of other FSTs. For this reason, when assigned as the alternate delivery system for a FST, the
supporting FAT may reduce the targeting effect to be more achievable. This process must occur in close consultation with
the maneuver commander as it may change expected combat ratios or the scheme of maneuver. As such, the FST
presented above could be supported with the following FAT:

FAT: Suppress ENY reinforcing armor company.

P: To disorganize ENY reinforcements and interrupt a synchronized counterattack against 4-31IN.

Task #: [Targeting Effect] + [Enemy Formation/Function/Capability].

Purpose #: [Maneuver commander’s intent or desired end state].

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Measure of Performance and Measure of Effectiveness. By determining the MOP and MOE, the staff is
better able to determine methods and feasibility for selecting a method for generating
desired effects. The fire support, information operations, and EW system(s) tasked can
thus better plan for success. In determining effects, the staff must focus on what must be
accomplished to create the desired effect, not what can be accomplished. If the staff
determines they cannot create the desired effects with the assets allocated, they must
rework the method or request additional assets. By quantifying success, the delivery assets
and observation/ acquisition assets understand what qualifies as successful completion of
the task.

A measure of performance is an indicator used to measure a friendly action that is tied to

measuring task accomplishment (JP 3-0).

A measure of effectiveness is an indicator used to measure a current [enemy] system state,

with change indicated by comparing multiple observations over time (JP 5-0).
(ATP 3-09.90, Division Artillery Operations and Fire Support for the Division)

Measures of performance and effectiveness are not a component of a battalion-level fire support planning, they are a component of
brigade-and-higher echelons’ targeting process.

Using correct Fires request and control procedures, battle damage assessments are provided allowing the use of measures of
performance and effectiveness as reattack criteria or to identify potential problems in the five requirements for accurate fire or
equipment performance.

MOP: [AG/ME] + [Trigger].

MOE: [Restate/reword the maneuver commander’s intent or desired end state].

MOP 1: Provide 10min continuous suppression HE/VT once TM A crosses 36 Easting.

MOE 1: TM A occupies SBF 1 without receiving effective indirect/direct fire from MIC (2-324 BDE).

MOP 2: 20minx300m smoke provided once TM A is set in SBF 1.

MOE 2: TM C conducts breach without receiving effective indirect/direct fire from MIC (2-324 BDE).

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

Army Command Relationships.

Organic forces are those assigned to and forming an essential part of a

military organization as listed in its table of organization for the Army,
Air Force, and Marine Corps, and are assigned to the operating forces for
Organic.
the Navy (JP 1). Joint command relationships do not include organic because
a joint force commander is not responsible for the organizational structure
of units. That is a Service responsibility.
Assign is to place units or personnel in an organization where such placement
is relatively permanent, and/or where such organization controls and
Assigned. administers the units or personnel for the primary function, or greater
portion of the functions, of the unit or personnel (JP 3-0). Unless
specifically stated, this relationship includes administrative control.
Attach is the placement of units or personnel in an organization where such
Attached. placement is relatively temporary (JP 3-0). A unit that is temporarily placed
into an organization is attached.
Operational control is the authority to perform those functions of command
over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and
Operational
forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative
Control
direction necessary to accomplish the mission (JP 1). +OPCON may be exercised
(OPCON).
by commanders at any echelon at or below the level of combatant command and
may be delegated within the command.

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Tactical control is the authority over forces that is limited to the detailed
direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area
Tactical
necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned (JP 1). Tactical control
Control
allows commanders below combatant command level to apply force and direct
(TACON).
tactical use of logistic assets but does not provide authority to change
organizational. structure or direct administrative and logistical support.

(FM 3-09, Field Artillery and Fire Support)

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

Army Support Relationships.

Direct support is a support relationship requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing
it to answer directly to the supported force’s request for assistance (ADRP 5-0). A unit assigned a direct
support relationship retains its command relationship with its parent unit, but is positioned by and has
priorities of support established by the supported unit. (Joint doctrine considers direct support a mission
Direct
rather than a support relationship.) A field artillery unit in DS of a maneuver unit is concerned primarily
Support.
with the fire support needs of only that unit. The fires cell of the supported maneuver unit plans and
coordinates fires to support the maneuver commander’s intent. The commander of a unit in DS
recommends position areas and coordinates for movement clearances where his unit can best support
the maneuver commander’s concept of the operation.
General support is that support which is given to the supported force as a whole and not to any particular
General subdivision thereof (JP 3-09.3). Units assigned a GS relationship are positioned and have priorities
Support. established by their parent unit. A field artillery unit assigned in GS of a force has all of its fires under
the immediate control of the supported commander or his designated force field artillery headquarters.
Reinforcing is a support relationship requiring a force to support another supporting unit (ADRP 5-0).
Only like units (for example, artillery to artillery) can be given a reinforcing mission. A unit assigned a
reinforcing support relationship retains its command relationship with its parent unit, but is positioned by
Reinforcing. the reinforced unit. A unit that is reinforcing has priorities of support established by the reinforced unit,
then the parent unit. For example, when a DS field artillery battalion requires more fires to meet
maneuver force requirements, another field artillery battalion may be directed to reinforce the DS
battalion.
General support-reinforcing is a support relationship assigned to a unit to support the force as a whole
General and to reinforce another similar-type unit (ADRP 5-0). A unit assigned a general support-reinforcing
Support- (GSR) support relationship is positioned and has priorities established by its parent unit and secondly
reinforcing. by the reinforced unit. For example, an artillery unit that has a GSR mission supports the force as a
whole and provides reinforcing fires for other artillery units.
(FM 6-0, Commander and Staff Organization and Operations)
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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

(FM 3-09, Field Artillery and Fire Support)

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FA CCC Student Handbook 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery Regiment

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