ABANDONMENT OF CHURCH BY YOUTH-BELIEVERS IN THE

SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH IN KISII COUNTY, KENYA

DOUGLAS OMOSA KIRERI, (BED)

C50/CE/25386/2013

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER

OF ARTS (RELIGIOUS STUDIES), IN THE SCHOOL OF

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES KENYATTA UNIVERSITY

AUGUST 2022
 Declaration

This dissertation is my original work and to my best of knowledge has not been presented for

a degree in any other university. The dissertation has been complemented by referenced

works duly acknowledged in accordance with anti-plagiarism regulations

Signature………………………………… Date……………………………………….

Douglas Omosa Kireri

C50/CE/25386/2013

Supervisors: This research has been submitted for the review with our approval as University

supervisors.

Signature 1.………………………………… Date……………………………………….

Dr. Julius Gathogo

Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies

Signature 2………………………………… Date……………………………………….

Dr. Francis Mwaniki

Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies

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 Dedication

This dissertation is dedicated to my late mother Doricah Kemunto and father Nelson Kireri

for laying a foundation for my education. I feel obliged to build on the foundation you

offered me. I also dedicate this to my lovely wife Dorris Moraa for your endless love, support

and encouragement throughout the period of this study. Lastly, the dedication goes to my

adorable daughters, Charmaine Kemunto and Charlaine Cherotich. Your presence in my life

has equipped me with values of responsibility and hard work. Daddy loves you.

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 Acknowledgements

My sincere appreciation goes to all the persons and institutions that have made their

enormous contributions to this research. My sincere gratitude goes to my supervisors Dr.

Julius Gathogo and Dr. Francis Mwaniki for their continued support, positive criticism and

their untiring efforts in correcting my dissertation. You are wonderful people and may God

bless you abundantly for the far you have brought me.

I also take this opportunity to thank my respondents for sacrificing their time to respond to

the questionnaires that I availed, thereby making this research a huge success. Without you, I

could not have had primary data to analyze. Special mention also goes to the Church

administrators for allowing me to collect data from the Church.

To my lovely wife, I thank you for the moral support and sacrifice you gave made to see me

through this journey. You played a role of both a father and mother to our daughter while I

was away. To my daughters, you have been a motivation behind the success of this study.

May god bless you in all your endeavors in life.

Lastly, I would like to acknowledge Kenyatta University for the award of the degree.

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 Abstract

The study sought to explore the rationale behind the abandonment of the Church, mainly
among the youth-believers in the Adventist Church in Kisii County, Kenya. It has
investigated why an otherwise committed youth, who faithfully used to attend the Church
would suddenly stop showing up on a weekly, monthly and/or yearly basis, despite living in
the neighborhood; yet they still claim to observe the Sabbath. This following objectives
guided this research; to analyze the practicability of the Baptismal Class Sessions in the
Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Kisii County, to explore the reasons why youth-believers
abandon the Church after baptism in Kisii County, and to suggest solutions to the challenge
of the phenomenon of youth abandoning the Adventist Church in Kisii County. The study
reviewed the literature related to the Church and the youths. The study was theoretically
informed by Emile Durkheim‟s Functionalist Theory, which argues that society is a system of
related parts of social institutions, such as the family, religion, and the economy. Durkheim‟s
theory concludes that religion acts as both glue and a lubricant to the social process. The
researcher adopted descriptive design in analyzing the data. The target population in this
study was the S.D.A Churches in Kisii County because it involved the youths in these
Churches. Purposive sampling was conducted where youths in Churches were included in the
study. In this regard, ten selected clergy and other Church members were purposively
interviewed. The study used three types of questionnaires, that is, for the clergy, Church
elders, and for the youths. The study also used interview schedules and Focused Group
Discussions. Piloting was conducted in Kirenga Central S.D.A in Lari to test the validity and
reliability of the research collection tool-questionnaire. In a nutshell, the study established the
critical factors that make the youths abandon the Church. The main reasons include; failure of
parental roles, boring worship service, misjudgment by elder members, dropping out of a
ministry, poor role models, dropping out of a group, and gradual withdrawal. The study also
explored potential solutions to the problem of youths in the vice of abandoning the Church.
This includes: an emphasis on fundamental teachings, reorganization of baptismal classes,
and making religious instructions pleasant among other solutions. The study will be crucial to
the Church, the society and the country at large because it is geared towards attempts in
remolding the moral uprightness of the society, as the Church partly plays the role of
instilling morals to the youth. To the clergy, the study will help them to put up necessary
measures in place in order to retain the youths in the Church. The research found out that the
baptismal class sessions are in place in preparing new converts to become church members. It
was also noted that there are a number of reasons that make the youth to abandon the church
and solutions to these reasons were suggested. The research therefore recommended a
number of issues that can be looked into to help in youth retention. These recommendations
include improving the methods of preparing the new converts by making adjustments in the
baptismal classes and also coming up with activities that will engage the youth in church to
help in retention among other recommendations.

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 Operational Definition of Terms

Youth: This study captured those whose age gap is between sixteen and thirty-five.

Active membership: This refers to members who regularly attend Church services and must
be portraying a lifestyle consistent with Church tenets and beliefs.

Abandoning: The term refers to the fact that the individual has made a conscious or
unconscious choice to leave the Church. Whenever the word is used in the
thesis, it will be referring to leaving the Church.

Church: It is a group of Christian believers worshipping together. In this paper, the Church

will refer to the Seventh-Day Adventist.

Unchurched: Those whom the gospel has not reached and those who the gospel has reached
but not decided.

Baptismal Class: These are sessions organized and coordinated by the church in preparing
new converts to become members of the church.

Christian Doctrines: these are teachings, tenets and beliefs of the church taught to converts.

Believers: These are those members of the church who have undergone baptism and are full
recognized members.

Practicability: For the research purposes, this basically means effectiveness.

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 Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACS Adventist Connection Study

CITAM Christ is the answer Ministries

DCK Deliverance Church of Kenya

JCC Jubilee Christian Centre

PUC Pacific Union College

RGC Redeemed Gospel Church

SAU Southern Adventist University

SDA Seventh-Day Adventist

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION...................................................................................................................... i
DEDICATION........................................................................................................................ iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................................v
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS ..................................................................... vi
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the study .................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Statement of the problem ................................................................................................. 5
1.3 Objectives of the study ..................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Research Questions .......................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Research Premises ............................................................................................................ 7
1.6 Justification and Significance of the study....................................................................... 7
1.7 Scope and Limitations ...................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................9
2.1. Brief history of the SDA Church..................................................................................... 9
2.2 Preparation for Baptism ................................................................................................. 11
2.3 Church Teachings ........................................................................................................... 14
2.4. Twenty-Eight Fundamental Beliefs of the SDA Church .............................................. 15
2.5 Youths and the Church ................................................................................................... 15
2.6. Theoretical framework .................................................................................................. 29
2.7. Conceptual framework .................................................................................................. 31
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................33
3.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 33
3.1 Research Design ............................................................................................................. 33
3.2 Research Variables ......................................................................................................... 33
3.3 Location of the Study ..................................................................................................... 34
3.4 Target Population ........................................................................................................... 34
3.5 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques ......................................................................... 34

viii
 3.6 Instrumentation............................................................................................................... 35
3.7 Pilot Study ...................................................................................................................... 35
3.8 Validity and Reliability of the Study Instruments .......................................................... 35
3.9 Data Collection Procedure ............................................................................................. 36
3.10 Data Analysis and Presentation .................................................................................... 37
3.11 Ethical Considerations.................................................................................................. 37
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION.....................................39
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 39
4.2 Background Information of Respondents ...................................................................... 39
4.2.1 Gender of Respondents ............................................................................................ 40
4.2.2 Age of Respondents ................................................................................................. 41
4.2.3 Academic Qualification ........................................................................................... 42
4.2.4 Membership Period.................................................................................................. 42
4.2.5 Length of Baptismal Class ....................................................................................... 43
4.3 Reasons why youths abandon the Church ...................................................................... 44
4.3.1 Failure of Societal Morals ....................................................................................... 44
4.3.2 Failure in Parental roles ........................................................................................... 45
4.3.3 Boring worship Service ........................................................................................... 45
4.3.4 Youth neglecting Bible Study.................................................................................. 46
4.3.5 Judgment by other members .................................................................................... 47
4.3.6 High school transition .............................................................................................. 48
4.3.7 Generation Gap ........................................................................................................ 49
4.3.8 Traumatic events...................................................................................................... 49
4.3.9 Dropping out of a ministry ...................................................................................... 50
4.3.10 Overwhelming responsibilities .............................................................................. 51
4.3.11 College and university experiences ....................................................................... 52
4.3.12 Poor role models .................................................................................................... 52
4.3.13 Dropping out of a group ........................................................................................ 53
4.3.14 Gradual withdrawal ............................................................................................... 54
4.4 Possible solutions to the challenge of youth abandoning the Church ............................ 54
4.4.1 Emphasis on the fundamental doctrines .................................................................. 55
4.4.2 Re-Organizing and re-adjusting the baptismal class sessions ................................. 56
4.4.3 Making religious instruction pleasant...................................................................... 57
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 4.4.4 Teaching daily repentance and forgiveness ............................................................. 58
4.4.5 Continuous teaching after baptism by parents ......................................................... 59
4.4.6 Instructing briefly and frequently ............................................................................ 60
4.4.7 Emphasis on Sabbath school lessons ....................................................................... 61
4.4.8 Instructing from infancy through youth................................................................... 62
4.4.9 Emphasis on Bible Teachings.................................................................................. 63
4.5 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 64
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY ........................................................................65
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 65
5.2 Summary of the Findings ............................................................................................... 65
5.3 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 71
5.4 Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 71
5.5 Suggested Areas for Further Research ........................................................................... 72
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................73
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................76
Appendix I: Letter to the Church Administration ....................................................................76
Appendix II: Letter to the Respondents ...................................................................................77
Appendix III: Questionnaire for the Clergy and elder members of the Church ......................78
Appendix IV: Questionnaire for the Youths ............................................................................82
Appendix V: University research authorization ......................................................................86
Appendix VI: Approval to undertake research ........................................................................87

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 Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background of the study

According to The First Global Summit held in Silver Spring, United States on 19th November

2013, The Seventh-Day Adventist Church which has an approximate membership of 18

million have been recording an average loss of one out of three members in the last 50 years.

(Kinnaman & Hawkins, 2011). Additionally, in this century, the ratio of new converts versus

those who leave the church is approximately 2:5.

In his book Why Our Teenagers Leave the Church, Roger Dudley (2000), did a study for ten

years from a number of youths and reported his findings. His conclusions are based on data

from questionnaires that were conducted electronically through mails and phone

conversations. He asserts that about fifty percent of youths in the Seventh-day Adventist in

North America are basically abandoning the Church by the time they reach their mid

twenties. Additionally, this lengthy study concluded that membership of the church does not

necessarily mean being involved in the church or connecting with the church. Most of the

participants of this study were aged between twenty and thirty years.

Studies that have been conducted in the recent past by Adventists and other researchers have

made findings that the number of youths who are involved actively in local church activities

have been reducing from time to time. This reduction of youth participating in church

activities has been noted even in churches that have active youth ministries. For instance, one

of such studies found that an approximate attrition rate 68 percent among the youth raised in

the Collegedale Church of Seventh-day Adventists (Rainer, 2009). However, it is worth

noting that the trend is not only noted among the youth of the Collegedale Church but also in

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other churches. According to Rainer and Rainer (2008), the attrition rate of the youth across

all denominations in America is approximately seventy percent. If the trend is not averted,

the viability of Christian membership in the United States would be jeopardized.

A study by Hadaway & Marler 1998 was concerned of the fact that some researchers may be

reporting high levels of church involvement due to the fact that they depend on people to

assess their attendance levels. Due to this, the reports given may be subjective instead of

being objective. An actual church attendance count conducted by the two researchers in

Protestant and Catholic churches in Ohio discovered that the actual attendance was about half

of what was reported by a national public opinion poll that is 40 percent versus 20 percent for

the protestants and 51 percent versus 24 percent for the Roman Catholics. This disparity was

noted to have existed among the youths in the Seventh-Day Adventist on self assessment on

attendance to their local churches. This means that the retention rate in the church could be

very low compared to the reports made previously.

Recent studies have revealed baffling drop in the number of youths who participate in the

local church actively. Despite the fact that few studies have been conducted regarding

retention of the youth in the Seventh-Day Adventist church, cultural dynamics and religion

also indicate that the number of youths who are members of this church is also dropping.

According to Sahlin & Richardson, (2008)., approximately half of the members of the church

in White North America are above sixty years. This is contrary to the average age of people

in America which is thirty seven years according to the US census conducted in 2010. This

therefore means that the exodus from the church will intensify if something is not done to

reverse the trend.

Barna Group (2006) conducted a research which revealed that the youth happens to live with

contradicting values and pieces of opinion. This research revealed that youths in their
2
twenties happen to shy away from participating actively in their churches. This mostly

happens because of the experience they undergo in college and university life. According to

David Kinneman who is the director of the Barna Group asserts that the ministry of twenty

something is not adequately prepared to equip the youth with their spiritual needs and

expectations. (Barna 2006).

Leaving Church has not been a new issue since over time it has been recorded throughout the

world. For instance, in the second half of the 19thC, there were cases of the youth abandoning

the church more than their adult counterparts. In fact, Boomers happen to be the first

American youth group that left participating actively in church activities. In other words, the

Boomers who were born between 1946 and 1964 formed part of those who dropped out of

church in 1960s. (Kinnaman & Hawkins, 2011).

In addition to continuing abandonment trend of past generations, currently youths have been

the most difficult group to retain in church as realized in many churches. They are seen nit to

be interested much in matters exploring the paths of Christianity. This has been attributed to a

number of factors including technology and generation gap which makes them not to have a

feeling of connection to church matters. For the youth, they feel technology has come to

solve all problems and connect with the world.

The study asserts that there has been changes in religious and technological matters in the last

five decades has made the problem of youth abandonment of church to be an urgent problem

that needs a solution. The youths are abandoning the church at an early age and they happen

to remain out of the church for as long as possible. It has also been realized that even those

who decide to return to the church do not give it their best of zeal. It is due to these ordeals

that makes this prompts one to find a lasting solution to this problem. (Barna 2006).

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A study conducted by Khauso in South Africa analyzed the feel of the youths and the

problems they encounter in their lives that sometimes contribute to their decision of

abandoning the church. This study involved few respondents between the ages of fourteen

and eighteen years. The study focused on a number of issues including the youth‟s attitude

towards church attendance. The study realized that there was disconnection of the church by

the youths at their adolescence age. Khauso noted that this problem was wide rampant in

different denominations of Christianity in South Africa.

The Kenyan youths have been adversely affected by this menace of joining the Church and

leaving it after a while. Rastello (2004) in her edited work on the Youth Challenge held at

Tangaza College, the panelists‟ contribution was a reflection of how they see the present

situation in touching the people, especially the young who are „inside‟ or „outside the Church.

They presented their own views on the „why‟ they are or may be insiders or outsiders. Some

of the views presented include the following:

They discovered beautiful and very hopeful indications for the transformation of society for a

better future for the whole of the country and of humanity. They presented instances of young

people cherishing their Church, contributing to fulfill its task among the parishioners or the

faithful in various setups of society.

They also detected and presented reasons and justifications why the young people abandon

the Churches of shun from attendance of mass and the reception of sacraments, and expressed

their concern in witnessing the discontent, indifference or rejection for some ways of carrying

out evangelization. Outmoded forms seem to be keeping young people from participating in

church life, forms aloof from the life and interests of the young. Some panelists saw the

necessity of a different approach on the part of the Church leaders, of a better follow-up in

4
the sacramental catechetical institutions of the young of an ongoing Christian formation that

may conscientise the young people in the responsibility towards the faith received and

professed, which must be lived daily (Rastello 2004). Openness to change was also indicated

as a desirable attitude on the part of both parish ministers and adult parishioners, for a

renewal of Christian life lived in the joy of the salvation mission of Christ.

In Kisii County, there were also a number of challenges directed to the youth, intended to be

exhortations to stir up their best energies and will power towards a better understanding of

the world of the young, their expectations and also their „youthful‟ and at times unrealistic

demands. (Nyaundi, 1997).

In Kisii County, it has been a continuity trend of Church abandonment by the youth who

were once attending the church faithfully. These youths stopped attending church worship

services, bible study and other church events gradually. Sadly, they are in the neighborhood

but they rarely attend Church. Incidences or joining and leaving the church at will by the

youths form part of the problem. This therefore being a societal challenge, it prompted an

investigation on the same to find out the gap and find out possible solutions to the challenge.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Currently, the church is faced with a dilemma due to the fact that many youths are

abandoning the Church after undergoing their adolescence stage, as teenagers. The greatest

concern of their Christian parents and concerned leaders have is whether the youth will be

committed to the church and serve Jesus Christ as they go through their tempting age.

The youth is characterized by freedom of expression, thought, and action. Youthfulness also

generates new ideas and is largely characterized by risky exploits. In the nature of things,

many young adults find the idea of Church attendance rather tedious and mind-numbing. This

5
drives the researcher to further questions for instance, is there something that the Church

ought to do in order to arrest this fundamentally relevant test? The church is one of the

institutions that is relevant in moral instructions not only to the youth but to all people.

Abandoning the church therefore will deny the youth the chance of acquiring the religious

and moral instructions.

Certainly, Kisii County, being one of the fastest growing cosmopolitan Counties in Kenya,

has to necessarily experience urban challenges of all shades. There is a need therefore to

encourage the youth to go to church to learn morals which may be handy is partially solving

these problems that may emanate from urban areas. It is in such urban areas where we mostly

experience such problems like increase of crime, narcotics and general permissiveness,

among the supposedly most productive people (the youth), there is a strong motivation for the

researcher to attempt to make a positive contribution that is geared towards problem-solving.

To this end, the problem statement remains, what are the reasons that make youth believers

abandon the Church and how can it be addressed?

1.3 Objectives of the study

The objectives of the study were to seek:

1. To analyze the practicability of the Baptismal Class Sessions in the Seventh-Day

Adventist Church in Kisii County

2. To explore the reasons why youth believers, abandon the Church after baptism in

Kisii County

3. To suggest solutions to the challenge of the youth abandoning the Church in Kisii

County

1.4 Research Questions

The study attempted to answer the following questions:

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 1. Are the baptismal class sessions practical and effective as a method of imparting

the Christian doctrines in the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Kisii County?

2. Why are the youths abandoning the Church after baptism in Kisii County?

3. What can the Church do to curb the challenge of abandoning Church among the

youths in Kisii County?

1.5 Research Premises

1. Baptismal class sessions do not fully impart the Christian doctrines in the

Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Kisii County

2. There are significant reasons why youths abandon the Church in Kisii County

3. Strict and efficient teachings on the Church fundamental beliefs will solve the

problem of Church abandonment in Kisii County

1.6 Justification and Significance of the study

The research was conducted to help the Church realize the level at which youths have

connected or disconnected from the local church. The study was also conducted to avail

information on why connection and disconnection happens among the youth. Most

importantly the research the research was to provide information on what the church can

engage in to better the rate of retention of the youth in church and also make them engage

actively in local church activities.

Studying Church drop-out among the youth after baptism is very crucial to the Church

system, the society and the country at large because if the youths drop out and do not join any

other Church; there will be high chances of these youth being a threat to national security and

the moral uprightness of the society since the Church partly plays the role of instilling morals

to the youth. Retaining Church members is an integral goal that Churches are aimed at.

7
To the Church clergy, the whole question of their role in retaining believers has been

compromised. The research was conducted to help them to put the necessary measures in

place to retain the youths in the Church for instance preaching Christ-centered and Bible-

based sermons that nurture their members especially the youth, and teaching the basic tenets

of the Seventh-Day Adventist. The Church should prioritize individual spiritual growth of

members and effectiveness of the mission by engaging in a spiritual evaluation process. The

church conference can facilitate in establishing an evaluation tool that can be adopted by

churches. This should also include the roles of the church leaders to be implemented. With

this assessment and evaluation, the challenge of drop outs will be partially solved.

1.7 Scope and Limitations

This research was carried out in Kisii County. The study was limited since it was focused on

the S.D.A Church. This means that information was only collected from the Seventh-Day

Adventists otherwise the information would not be accurate if it was to be collected from any

other person who is not or has not been a member of the Church. The information was

collected in the Church and also from the youth who have abandoned the Church.

Financial constraints also limited the study to a small area since carrying out research in

Kenya as a whole would be very expensive and practically impossible. The research was also

constrained by time factor since longitudinal methods of study were not used.

In chapter one, the research came up with a brief introduction which set a ground for the

dissertation. In this chapter, the research came up with a number of sub-sections which

include the background of the study, the statement of the problem, objectives of the study,

research questions and premises, justification and significance of the study and the scope and

limitations of the study. This introduction sets a ground for the literature review relevant

information concerning the study which is extensively covered in the next chapter.
8
 Chapter Two

Literature Review

The research discusses the literature according to the objectives of the study. This section

gives a brief history of the SDA Church and their fundamental teachings. Additionally, the

section reviewed literature on preparation for baptism, Church teachings and the youths and

the Church. The section also identifies the gaps which necessitated the research.

2.1. Brief history of the SDA Church

During the revival religious season, the American outcasts were cleared in mid nineteenth

century when William Miller (1782–1849), whose predictions propelled the Adventist

development, started to spread the word of God. Miller, who was an official in the U.S.

Armed force in the War of 1812, had become skeptical. Miller converted to the Baptist

church during the 1820s, when he started to consider the Bible, particularly the books of

prophecies that is Daniel and the Revelation to John. Miller predicted that Christ would

return around 1843 based on his understanding of Daniel 8:14, which talks 2,300 days. He

started to spread God‟s word in 1831 and before long rose as the pioneer of a prevalent

development. (Hoff et al., 2008). As 1843 drew nearer, Miller anticipated all the more

explicitly that Christ would come for the second time between 21st March 1843, and 21st

March 1844.

Miller and his devotees faced substantial ridicule due to his predictions. In spite of the fact

that desires were uplifted when a comet all of a sudden showed up in one of the nights early

1843, when they felt the guilt of the mistake when the anticipated Second Coming of Christ

did not happen in March 1844. After Miller admitted his mistake and left the movement, his

devotee Samuel proposed another date, Oct. 22, 1844. Christ's inability to return around then

has since been referred to in Adventist hovers as the Great Disappointment. The next year,

9
the individuals who still had faith in Miller's prophetic plan gathered the Mutual Conference

of Adventists to deal with issues.

Seventh-day Adventists share a good number of beliefs with Christians from protestant

churches. This includes the use and acknowledgment of the Bible sovereignty, sin and the

necessary steps that should be taken into salvation among others. Seventh-day Adventism

arose when numerous Protestants were separated into Calvinist and Arminian camps, the

previous underlining fate and the sway of God, the last human decision and God's political

race. (Hoff et al., 2008).

Additionally the Second Advent of Christ, two different issues set the Adventists apart from

most Christians. To start with, they notice Saturday, as opposed to Sunday, as the Sabbath.

This day, as per the Bible, was organized by God, and the decree concerning Sabbath rest is a

piece of God's everlasting law. Second, they additionally abstain from eating meat and taking

opiates and energizers, which they consider to be unsafe. In spite of the fact that they appeal

to the Bible for the legitimization of these dietary practices, they keep up that these are

basically founded on the expansive philosophical thought that the body is the sanctuary of the

Holy Spirit and should be secured.

Adventists stress giving and along these lines have a high yearly giving for each capita that

permits them to carry on overall evangelist and government assistance programs. Due to their

reluctance to take a shot at Saturday, they occasionally endure work separation. (Hoff et al.,

2008). In the United States they united with the Jewish people group to advance laws

obliging Sabbatarian practice.

The closeness of the Second Coming inspired Adventists to participate in overall preacher

work. Seventh-day Adventism conveyed its first teacher, John Nevins Andrews, in 1874 and
10
in the end ventured into an overall development, with Churches in practically every nation

where it was lawfully allowed by the mid 21st century. The accentuation on minister

movement won the Church numerous new disciples in the Caribbean, Latin America, the

Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa.

2.2 Preparation for Baptism

Seventh-day Adventists does not support the idea of baptizing infants. One needs to be

mature to accept responsibility for his own deeds. Secondly, the Seventh-Day Adventist

believe in immersion in water as a form of Baptism. The following are the baptismal vows

that one needs to abide by during baptism;

1. The vow seeks to know if the person being baptized believes in God the Father, the

son and the Holy Spirit.

2. Secondly, the believer should abide by the fact that Jesus died in Calvary as a

sacrifice of our sins.

3. The believer should renounce his sinful ways and take Jesus as his personal savior.

4. The believer should accept Jesus as his intercessor in heaven and that it is through

Jesus that he will receive the Holy Spirit for empowerment.

5. The believer should accept that the Bible is an inspired word of God.

6. The believer should abide by the Ten Commandments of God and more so should

observe the fourth commandment that requires that one should observe the seventh

day as Lord‟s Sabbath.

7. The believer should look forward for the second coming of Christ and be prepared

and ready to receive him.

8. The believer should accept the teachings of the Bible on spiritual gifts and believe that

the gift of prophecy as one of the attachment marks of the church..

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 9. The believer should abide by the organization of the church and support it through

offerings and tithes.

10. The believer should take his body as the temple of the Holy Spirit and strive to care

for it. This can be done by avoiding the use of foods and beverages that may be

considered harmful to the body.

11. The believer should know and strive to understand the Bible principles that are

fundamental and taught by the Seventh day Adventist Church.

12. The believer should abide by the New Testament teachings of baptism which should

be done through immersion in water. This should be done publicly for the purpose of

forgiveness of sins.

13. The believer should accept the Seventh day Church as is the remnant Church

according to the Bible prophecy and be ready to invite others into fellowshipping with

the church.

The current practice in the Church changes incredibly both in the concept and content of the

mature baptismal class. Now and again, there is no class past the Bible examination

arrangement or the evangelistic mission. Others essentially audit the thirteen purposes of the

baptismal promise or survey the central convictions as given in the middle spread of the

baptismal testament. Some spot a short printed booklet in the possession of every competitor,

request that he study it, and organize time for questions. Some use their own mimeographed

outlines of cardinal points. These numerous strategies give broadly contrasting levels of

carefulness (Osborne, 1998).

After the introduction of the fundamental Bible facts is finished, and after a responsibility has

been made to join the Church, I feel there is need of a class with the accentuation and

motivation behind setting up the contender to enter astutely into Church enrollment.
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According to the SDA Fundamental Beliefs, baptism enables Christians to admit their faith in

the passing and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and affirm of their demise to sin and of their

motivation to stroll in originality of life. Subsequently they recognize Christ as Lord and

Savior, become His kin, and are gotten as individuals by His Church. Immersion is an image

of association with Christ, the pardoning of sins, and gathering of the Holy Spirit. It is by

submersion in water and is dependent upon a certification of confidence in Jesus and proof of

apology of transgression. It adheres to guidance in the Holy Scriptures and acknowledgment

of their lessons. (Fundamental Beliefs)

According to Wayne Grudem 1994, the word baptism comes from a Greek word baptizo

which means to plunge, dip or immerse into the water. Wayne says that the practice of

baptism in the New Testament was carried out in a uniform way. It was done through

complete immersion in water and then brought back up again. This is where the church bases

their argument on the form of baptism that they practice.

Baptism is a religious rite which enables one to be accepted as a full member into the

Christian Church. Baptism can be carried out at any age in a person‟s life. Baptism is also

referred to as christening because it symbolizes that one belongs to Christ. In some Christian

denominations, during baptism a candle is lit to symbolize the movement from darkness to

light. Baptism represents the start of a new life in the journey of a Christian. When a baby or

child is baptized, the parents and godparents make a promise on behalf of the baby. The child

is included as a member of the Church family. Adults are only baptized if they were not

baptized while young (Osborne, 1998).

Many Christian denominations have disagreed on how baptism is supposed to be carried out,

this could be partially solved by some denominations by properly translating the Greek word

for baptize to immerse. Water is a very powerful way of showing that our sins have been
13
washed away by the blood of Jesus Christ. Believers realize that they need to be saved from

sin and require God‟s grace. They are immersed in water which symbolizes the death of an

old life and resurrection to a new life. Baptism therefore is symbolic of the death and

resurrection of Jesus. (Myhan, 2013).

The research therefore investigated the effectiveness of this method of baptism used by the

Church. The research also inquired how effective the baptismal classes are since they are the

ones that lay the foundation for a strong believer.

2.3 Church Teachings

Despite various documented works on Seventh-Day Adventists, there has been little if any

specific study conducted on the impact of Sabbath school lesson study program on Seventh-

Day Adventist Church adherents yet lesson study motif is and continues to be a pillar in the

Seventh Day Adventist Church. Without the lesson study, the SDA Church would be more

vulnerable to criticisms by non-Seventh Day Adventists and would be pushed to the

periphery by other denominations (Longman, 2001). The Seventh-Day Adventist Church has

been in Kenya since 1906 yet it is a movement that many people have not understood its

tenets, organization and practices. Sabbath school motif in particular, has been misunderstood

by many due to misrepresentation by both Adventists and non-Adventists, as they do not

know what it entails. Some critics have argued that Sabbath school lesson study program is

just a brain storming session or interaction of ideas of people and as a result, it has no

spiritual consequence and does not stir or arouse faith and strong conviction. The lesson

study program influences lives of Seventh - Day Adventist Church members from childhood,

youth and adulthood (Longman, 2001).

In the SDA Church before baptism, the believer who should be of the age of at least twelve

years undergoes the baptismal classes. Seventh-day Adventists does not baptize infants. One
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needs to be mature to accept responsibility for his own deeds. Secondly, the Seventh-Day

Adventist believe in immersion in water as a form of Baptism. In order to be baptized, one

has to abide by the thirteen baptismal vows (Hoff et al., 2008).

The study therefore investigated whether these baptismal vows are effective as a means of

teaching the believers the tenets of the Church and their workability in ensuring that the

youths continue believing for them not to drop out of Church.

2.4. Twenty-Eight Fundamental Beliefs of the SDA Church

The Holy Scriptures

In the Holy Scriptures both the New and Old Testaments, the inspired word of God is written.

The authors were inspired and wrote according to the instructions of God through the Holy

Spirit. In the scriptures, human beings have been knowledge on what they should do to be

saved. These scriptures are authoritative, supreme and they reveal the will of God to His

people. Additionally, the scriptures happen to be the standard of behavior for human beings.

(John 17:17; 2 Peter 1:20, 21.2 Tim. 3:16, 17;)

The Trinity

The trinity is the three persons of God that is God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. In

the trinity, God is viewed to be immortal, powerful, all knowing and always present. He is

beyond human understanding. God is also known to be ever loving, provider and sustainer of

his creation. (Deut. 6:4; John 3:16; Eph. 4:4-6;.)

The Father

God is the Lord of the universe, the only one who created all things and controls the earth. He

is fair and pure, empathetic and gracious; he who is slow to anger loves his creation

15
unconditionally and is faithful. Both his son and the Holy Spirit have equal in characters as

those of the father. (Gen. 1:1; Rev. 4:11.)

The Son

God the everlasting son was embodied in Jesus Christ and through Him the universe was

created revealing the character of God. It is also through him that humanity received

salvation. Through him also the world was judged. Eternally a God, God the son also became

human, Jesus Christ. By the Holy Spirit he was conceived and born of the virgin Mary. Thus,

he led the life of a human being experiencing temptations. Nonetheless, he lived righteously

exemplifying the love of God. Through his miracles, God‟s power was revealed portraying

the true messiah in him. He then suffered and was crucified for our sins. He arose from the

dead and rose to heaven and ministered on our behalf in the sanctuaries of heaven. He will

thus come back in glory to deliver his people and restore all things. (Dan. 9:25-27; Rom.

6:23; Phil. 2:5-11.).

The Holy Spirit

God the everlasting spirit partook in creation with God the Father and the son. The trinity was

also active in incarnation and redemption. Thus, the Holy Spirit is seen as is the Father and

the Son. Through him the writers of the scriptures were inspired. He also inspired the

righteous life of the Son. Unto the human beings he convicts, but to those who respond he

transforms them into the image of God, renewing them into new beings. The spirit further

extends his gifts to the church giving it the power to witness Christ. Together with the Holy

Scriptures the church is led into all truth. (Ps. 51:11; Rom. 5:5; 2 Peter 1:21.)

Creation

God has shown in the scriptures the reliability and an account of His creation. He formed the

world in six days. He made the heaven and the earth and everything in it and, rested on the
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seventh day. He therefore established the Sabbath day as an everlasting memorial of his

creation activity. His work was completed in six days, what we currently call a week.

Additionally, he created the first man and woman in his own image to crown his work. He

gave the power to dominate the world, charging them with the responsibility to take care of

his entire creation. When all was done, God saw that “it was good” exemplifying Him.

(Exod. 20:8-11; Isa. 45:12, 18; Col. 1:16; Rev. 10:6; 14:7.)

The Nature of Humanity

When God made man and woman, he created them in his own image giving them the power

to think and make choices. Even though the humans are free, they are an indivisible unity of

the body, mind and soul. They depend on God for everything including life and breath. When

Adam and Eve disobeyed God they disconnected from Him falling from their high positions.

The manifestation of the Lord in them was then replaced by death. Their descendants thus,

inherited the consequences of their sins. We are then prone to evil and marred with

weaknesses. Nevertheless, God, through the Son, reconciled the universe and by the Holy

Spirit restored in us the image of the creator. Human beings having been created in the image

of God are therefore called to love him as well as their fellow mortals besides taking care of

the environment. (Jer. 17:9; Rom. 5:12-17; Eph. 2:3)

The Great Controversy

Humanity is currently caught up in the controversy between Christ and Satan concerning the

nature and the character of God, God‟s law, and God‟s sovereignty over the world. The

controversy emerged when once a high esteemed being created by God, empowered with

freedom decided to exalt self thus becoming Satan. He would then lead a rebellion with some

angels against God. Satan went forth to introduce this spirit of rebellion to the children of

God, Adam and Eve causing them to sin. The sin in human beings disrupted God‟s image in

man. Further repercussions included disruptions of the nature and destruction of the universe
17
by the floods as recorded in Genesis 1-11. Hence the universe became entangled in this

conflict, though the love of God for humanity continued to reign. As such Christ has send the

spirit and his angels to guard, guide and protect humanity through salvation. (Job 1:6-12;

Ezek. 28:12-18; 1 Cor. 4:9; 1 Peter 5:8)

The Life, Death, and Resurrection of Christ

God has compensated for human sin through Christ‟s obedience to the will of his father, his

suffering and crucifixion, death and resurrection. Those people who accept this through faith

will receive eternal life. Through this atonement God seeks to make the whole creation to

understand his unending love. Moreover, it justifies God‟s righteousness in his law as well as

his character. God‟s law and character Condemns sin yet provides forgiveness. Through the

death of Christ God substitutes his punishment for our sins, reconciling humanity with his

love and transforms us into new beings. Christ‟s resurrection on the other hand, was an

indication of God‟s triumph over evil hence those who accepts this atonement shall be

victorious over evil and death. The Lordship of Christ shall be to all those who shall bow

before him in heaven and on earth. (Isa. 53; Phil. 2:6-11; 1 Peter 2:21, 22)

The Experience of Salvation

With infinite love and mercy God made Jesus, who had no sin, to carry our sins so that

through him we become righteous. We therefore guided by the Holy Spirit to see the need to

acknowledge that we are sinners and repent by exercising faith in our savior Jesus Christ. We

receive the saving faith from the power of the word as a gift of the grace of our God. When

we receive the salvation, we are adopted as the children of God and delivered from our

wrongdoings. We are then born again through the spirit and cleansed. Our mind is renewed

by the spirit and it writes the law of God in our hearts. Ultimately, we are empowered to live

a holy life partaking of the divine nature with total assurance of eternal salvation. (Jer. 31:31-

34; Hab. 2:4; Eph. 2:4-10; Titus 3:3-7; 1 Peter 1:23; 2:21, 22; Rev. 13:8.)
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Growing in Christ

By dying on the cross Christ became victorious over the evil forces. He had earlier on

conquered these demonic spirits in his ministry days on earth and went forth to crush their

power. Christ‟s victory also empowers us over the evil forces that still intend to control our

lives even as we walk with him in salvation and in his love. As such, the Holy Spirit lives in

us. When we continuously seek to commit ourselves to the Lord Jesus Christ we are freed

from our earlier burdens. We no longer dread evil and neither do we walk in darkness. Also,

we do not continue to live in ignorance, and in the shadow of former self. With this new

calling to Jesus‟ freedom, we are called to live like Christ, communing daily in prayer,

ingesting his word and meditating on it day and night. We are also required to sing his praises

and participate in the church‟s missions. Like Christ we are also called to minister unto those

with social, emotional, spiritual and physical needs. As we continue sharing the love of Christ

to those around us so shall the spirit transform us and we experience its existence. (Ps. 1:1, 2;

23:4; 77:11, 12; Luke 10:17-20; Rom. 8:38, 39; Gal. 5:22-25; Phil. 3:7-14; 1 Thess. 5:16-18,

23; James 1:27)

The Church

This is community of people who believe that Jesus Christ is Lord. Just like the people from

the Old Testament, we as the believers are called to join in the worship and fellowship,

instruction of the word and celebrating in the Lord‟s Supper. We should also perpetrate

service to humanity, and proclaim the gospel all over the world. The Church is given

authority by Christ through the scriptures. The Church is therefore seen as God‟s family and

the members of this family live according to the new covenant. Also, the Church is the body

of Christ, and he is the head of this community of believers. The Church is also seen as the

bride whose cleansing occurred after Christ died. When, He returns, he shall present his

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glorious nature to her (Church). The church then shall be devoid of sin holy, and without

blemish. (Exod. 19:3-7; Acts 2:38-42; 7:38; Col. 1:17, 18.)

The Remnant and Its Mission

The Church of Christ is therefore a composition of those true believers. Towards the coming

of Christ, there shall be widespread apostasy. There shall also be those who have been called

out to keep his commandments. These faithfuls shall announce the hour of judgment and

proclaim Christ‟s salvation and his second coming. (Isa. 1:9; 11:11; Mic. 2:12; 2 Peter 3:10-

14.)

Unity in the Body of Christ

Though formed by many members, the church is a unit called from many countries or states,

with different races, languages and people. In Christ our social status, nationality, races,

culture and gender cease to exist as we are one and equal before Christ. We are bound by one

Spirit forming a unit fellowship with Him and our fellow church members. In church we

expect impartial service and reciprocate in equal measures. (Matt. 28:19, 20; Acts 17:26, 27;

1 Cor. 12:12-14; Gal. 3:27-29; Col. 3:10-15.)

Baptism

Through baptism, we affirm the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ and testify the death of

our sinful nature and our renewed nature to walk with Christ. It is also through baptism that

acknowledges Jesus Christ as Savior and become members of his holy church. Baptism

therefore symbolizes our communion with Jesus Christ, as our sins are forgiven and we

receive the Holy Spirit. When we are immersed in water, it symbolizes that affirm our faith in

Jesus Christ and that we are cleansed of our sins. We thus, agree to abide by the teachings of

the Holy Scriptures.

The Lord’s Supper

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The Lord‟s Supper commemorates the participation in the body and blood of Jesus Christ.

The participation indicates our faith in God who is our savior. It is through this communion

that Christ strengthens those who believe in Him. During the communion we proclaim with

Joy the death of our Lord till he comes back. As we prepare to partake on the Lord‟s Supper,

we are supposed to do some self-examination, confess and repent our sins. As our Master

washed the feet of His disciples to signify renewal and cleansing so should we also express

this service through the willingness to serve other with humility just like Christ. All believers

and Christians should partake in this Holy Communion. (John 6:48-63; 13:1-17; Rev. 3:20.)

Spiritual Gifts and Ministries

To all Church members, God has apportioned the gifts of the Holy Spirit. Therefore, every

person irrespective of their age or social status should employ these gifts in serving in the

ministry of Christ and for the common good of the church. The gifts are given freely and as

the Holy Spirit wishes. Others in the church are called to perform pastoral functions, teach in

the ministry and evangelize. These gifts are also needed to nature the church spiritually and

bring about unity in faith and the Knowledge of God our Father. Therefore, church members

are supposed to utilize these gifts so that the doctrines of the church are upheld and that the

church grow further in faith and love. (Eph. 4:8, 11-16.)

The Gift of Prophecy

From the scripture we also learn that Prophesy is a gift of the Holy Spirit. The gift is believed

to have been manifested during the ministry of Ellen G. White. Therefore, it is believed to be

the mark of the remaining Church. Her print works are done with prophetic authority

providing us with guidance, instruction and comfort as well as correction in the Church. Her

work also reveals to us that the Bible still stands out as the reference book for all the

teachings and experience. (2 Chron. 20:20; Joel 2:28, 29; 2 Tim. 3:16, 17.)

The Law of God

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The Ten Commandments form the basic principles of the law of God and well displayed

through the life his son Jesus Christ. These laws demonstrate the love, will and the purpose of

God towards humanity and their relationships. These laws are binding to people of all ages.

The laws manifested through the Holy Spirit awaken man‟s inequity and call him for

repentance. Therefore, man is only bound to receive salvation through obedience to the

Commandments as it is received by grace. By obeying the commandment, Christians

experience well being and their lives are transformed strengthening the witnesses of Christ.

(Deut. 28:1-14; Matt. 5:17-20; 22:36-40; Rom. 8:3, 4; Heb. 8:8-10; Rev. 12:17; 14:12.)

The Sabbath

The Scriptures are clear on God‟s creation activities. He worked for six days and rested on

the seventh day. The fourth commandment orders man to obey the seventh-day as the day of

rest. On this day man should minister and worship according to the teachings of Christ. The

Sabbath day thus marks the day when man has communion with God and each other. The

Sabbath further symbolizes how we are redeemed in Christ, a sign of our cleansing and how

we swear allegiance to our everlasting future with God in his kingdom. Additionally, the

Sabbath is a sign of the Covenant that God has with those that believe in Him. Therefore,

when we celebrate this holy time from dawn to dawn and dusk to dusk, we are with him in

celebrating his creation and our redemption. (Deut. 5:12-15; Ezek. 20:12, 20; Mark 1:32.)

Stewardship

God has entrusted in us property, opportunities, time and abilities together with other

resources on the earth surface. As stewards of his creation we have the responsibility of

taking care of these elements and items. Wed can only demonstrate that these possessions

belong to God when we use them responsibly. Responsibility is demonstrated through

faithful service to God and man and by giving tithe and other offerings that can help in

proclaiming the Gospel of Jesus Christ. As stewards, we should at all times rejoice in
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blessings accorded to us by God as well as those that come to others. (1 Chron. 29:14; 2 Cor.

8:1-15; 9:7.)

Christian Behavior

As Christians we are required to have our acts in harmony with biblical teachings even as we

interact with other people in our social circles. For us to remain pure and Christ like, we need

only engage in activities that create in us Lord‟s character. As such we shall lead a life of

health pure and unending joy. We should not even compromise on our entertainment and

amusements. They should at all time follow the teachings of Christ. Despite the cultural

differences and our dress code should be simple neat and modest. For true beauty is not on

the outward look but in the imperishable spirit. Thus, we are supposed to take care of

ourselves as temples of the Holy Spirit. Besides dressing people should exercise and get

enough sleep. Christians should also take healthy foods avoid the unclean ones. Alcohol,

tobacco and other narcotics are harmful to our bodies and should be avoided as well.

Conclusively, we as followers of Christ should ever engage in activities that bring our bodies

and thoughts to the discipline required by Christ who only desires that we experience joy

wholesomely. (Exod. 20:15; Ps. 106:3; 1 Cor. 6:19, 20; 10:31; Eph. 5:1-21; Tim. 2:9, 10; 1

Peter 3:1-4.)

Marriage and the Family

Marriage was exquisitely set up the garden of Eden when God made man and woman and

blessed them to multiply and fill the earth. This lifetime union is also affirmed by Jesus.

Thus, marriage is not just another wayward union by two people. It actually should have

people of a common faith that not only swear commitment to their spouse but also to their

Lord. The two should share not only mutual love but also honor and respect each other. The

two should also demonstrate responsibility, closeness and sanctity as Christ has shown

towards his church. Spouses should therefore follow the teachings of Christ including what
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should lead to divorce and remarrying. According to Christ a spouse can only divorce another

for fornication otherwise he or she commits adultery. Even though families face different

challenges, the scriptures advice that man and woman should always commit themselves to

Christ and they shall get the needed guidance. The lord intends the family unit to be a

permanent union. Therefore, the family members can only compliment this God‟s will by

remaining close to each other. Parent should also ensure that the children are brought up to

love and obey the laws of the lord. To achieve this, parents should lead by example training

them that Christ embraces all types of families whether they are single or married. (Exod.

20:12; Prov. 22:6; John 2:1-11.)

Christ’s Ministry in the Heavenly Sanctuary

The Lord has set for himself a holy sanctuary in heaven in which he ministers to his

believers. Christ thus brings to us the benefits of his crucifixion. When he ascended to heaven

he was chosen as our high priest and he is constantly intercessing on our behalf. The work is

affirmed by the earthly high priest. The second phase includes the investigative judgment and

disposition of sins. It includes the cleansing of the Hebrew sanctuary on the Day of

Judgment. The sanctuary was sanctified with the blood of animal sacrifice. On the contrary

heavenly things are purified by Christ‟s blood. This second phase further reveals those people

who died abiding in Christ and therefore shall be given priority in the first resurrection. The

investigation also checks the living in Christ and therefore shall receives his eternal

Kingdom. The investigative phase shall thus come to close before the second coming of

Christ. (Num. 14:34; Heb. 1:3; Rev. 8:3-5.)

The Second Coming of Christ

The climax of Christ Gospel shall come to an end at his second coming. It shall symbolize the

blessed hope that Jesus has for his church. The coming of Christ is bound to happen to the

whole world. It shall be visible to everyone. At his coming the people who died while
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righteous shall resurrect. They shall be glorified to heaven together with those who were

living righteously. Those who were living unrighteous shall die. The prophecy and the

current state of the world shows that Christ is coming soon. Since no one knows the time of

his coming we are forewarned to be ready always. (Mark 13; John 14:1-3; Cor. 15:51-54;

Rev. 1:7.)

Death and Resurrection

It is written that the wages of sin is death. However, God will accord the redeemed and

righteous eternity. When Christ appears in heavens at his second coming the living and the

resurrected righteous shall meet him in heaven. However, the unrighteous who died in sin

shall resurrect one thousand years later after the coming of Christ. (Ps. 146:3, 4; 1 Tim. 6:15.)

The Millennium and the End of Sin

Christ and his saints shall reign for a millennium before the second resurrection. It is during

this time that the evil dead shall be brought to judgment. The earth will have no human

occupants but only Satan and his Angels. Christ and his saints shall then descend from

heaven when the dead evil shall be resurrected. The Fire from heaven shall consume the

unrighteous dead, Satan and His angels and the universe shall be freed of sin and evil forever.

(Ezek. 28:18, 19; 1 Cor. 6:2, 3.)

The New Earth

When the universe is renewed and righteousness prevails, God will give us (the redeemed) an

eternal dwelling full love and joy in his presence. God himself will live with his people and

there shall be neither suffering nor death. The Lord will have ended the great conflict in the

universe and sin shall not exist. Every living and non-living thing shall declare the Lord‟s

love and His Reign shall Last forever and ever. Amen. (Matt. 5:5; Rev. 11:15.)

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2.5 Youths and the Church

One of the recent researches on retention of the youth in church conducted by Cross (2011)

tries to find the root cause of the problem that is between the church and youths. He notes

that the gap between the youth and the old keeps growing in churches. With this wide gap,

the youth feel out of place and happen to start moving out of the church. According to Cross,

if this gap will continue growing, the problem of the youth leaving the church will even

intensify.

According to Brother John Njuguna, a young person simply means a person who is neither a

child nor an adult. The age gap is said to be between sixteen and twenty-five though

sometimes it can extend to early thirties. This period is termed the most important in a

person‟s life since decisions made here do enormously affect the life of an individual and that

of the society (Rastello 2004).

The research suggests ways in which the youth will be trained since some of the reasons the

teenagers are giving as to why to go to Church clearly shows that some of the teenagers do

not exactly know the reasons as to why they go to Church and thus this might be contributing

to their disconnection from Church activities when they are no longer in control of their

parents and when they have met enough friends.

Though the Church has now existed for more than two thousand years, it cannot boost of a

full achievement of its mission. The number of people who are still to be evangelized is still

huge and hence the „unchurched‟ meaning whom the gospel has not reached and whose the

gospel has reached but not decided. (Rastello 2004:69).

White (1961) makes it clear on how church members should treat those who look like they

are discouraged with church activities especially when they make mistakes. According to

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White, these people are hungry for encouraging words after they error. These people

therefore need not to be condemned but rather should be given words of encouragement and

guided accordingly so that they do not engage in the same mistake. Condemnation will make

them feel discouraged and may resolve of moving out of the church hence worsening the

problem of church abandonment by the youth.

The presence of the Church in the field of education, struggle for social and political justice

and provision of recreational facilities would serve as a springboard for an encounter which

may inspire the youth to a holistic growth. (Rastello 2004). However, these problems need to

find more lasting solutions that the research will look into for instance, by the Church training

more clergy to serve the non-believers. The ministers will sensitize the youths to change their

attitude towards the Church and religion at large. The governments also should give the

freedom of worship to the citizens without infringing into their lives like it is in the case of

other countries for instance Kenya.

According to Gane (2010), youths sometimes feel that the church does not accept new ideas

easily. The church should therefore friendly to those who come up with new ideas. If this

happens, the youth will be able to come up with new ideas which if adopted in the church

they will feel part of the church. This inclusivity will make the youth to actively participate in

church activities and will partially solve the problem of low retention of the youth in church.

In a presentation of the Siakago Teenager Group, when young people were asked why they

go to Church, they gave reasons like; because I am a Christian, it is the only place to meet my

friends, to please my parents, it gives meaning to my life, to celebrate and enjoy together

among many other reasons. (Rastello 2004:74). Additionally, Kimball (2007) cautions that

we ought to be careful not to judge someone based on a personal opinion but instead the

teachings from the scripture. The youth therefore should be given ample time ton allow time
27
for repentance and forgiveness rather than being judged. When they are judged from a

personal opinion, they tend to be discouraged and may opt to exit from the church. It is worth

noting that even the role model of Christians that is Jesus Christ was a friend to sinners. He

did this to allow them to repent their sins and join his kingdom rather than exiting it.

Some church leaders have made it open that without money, they get a challenge in their

work of evangelism. Examples of thee churches include Christ is the answer Ministries

(CITAM), Jubilee Christian Centre (JCC), Deliverance Church of Kenya (DCK), and

Redeemed Gospel Church (RGC) among others. (Gathogo, 2011). It is worth noting that

these issues are not only affecting the Pentecostal churches but it has also gotten their way to

the mainstream churches in Kenya. This makes believers feel obliged to give money to the

church in form of tithes and offerings. Additionally, there are church projects that need

funding which makes churches set targets for its believers regardless of the economic status

of different groups of people in Church. Those who do not have the money will have a

feeling of irresponsibility and with time they will shy away from churches. This is a problem

that has over time affected the youth especially the unemployed ones.

Over time, Pentecostal churches have been known for their Charismatic gospel. This is well

illustrated through their ways of singing and dancing to God, giving of testimonies which

make many people feel at home, their emphasis on salvation and miracles in churches among

other ways (Gathogo, 2014). Such kind of charismatic evangelism happens to miss in the

mainstream churches SDA being one of them. This therefore cannot be ignored as another

reason that makes the youth to abandon the SDA Church for Pentecostal churches.

One of the reason that was noted to make the youth abandon the Church is boring worship

services. There are a number of solutions that can be suggested for such services to be more

lively for example the adoption of African indigenous practices in worship. According to

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Gathogo, 2014 use of figurative language borrowed from African as used by Milkah Methoni

made her songs famous over time. This is due to the fact that she infused African heritage

practices which made people feel at home by listening to her songs. If this is borrowed in the

Church, it may partially solve the menace of the youth abandoning the Church.

Nevertheless, the scholars have not suggested the solution to the problem of age gap.

Therefore, the research looks into ways possible in which the generation gap can be bridged

and how to make the old and the young worship together without neither discontent nor

confliction. This will bring about unity in the Church and the services will run smoothly.

2.6. Theoretical framework

The study is theoretically guided by Emile Durkheim‟s Functionalist Theory. In turn,

functionalist theory argues that society is a system of related parts of social institutions, such

as the family, religion, and the economy. Like an orgasm, the theory argues that the society

has basic needs that must be met in order to survive. This functionalist theory is based on an

organic analogy. That is, every part of the society plays some role in the social community

life the same way in which an organ plays a specific role in the life of an organism, like it is

the case of a human body. It therefore means that a change in one element of the system will

effect changes for all the elements in the system. Durkheim‟s theory concludes that religion

acts as both glue and a lubricant to the social process. It is glue in the sense that it binds the

individual; and a lubricant by virtue of providing, legitimating and conferring authority to the

social structures and the moral order that ultimately facilitates the smooth running of the

society (Olaveson, 2001).

The Functionalist theory informs the study in that youths are organs in the Church here in the

organism in that the youths have a role to play in the Church for its smooth running. On the

29
other hand, the Church should ensure that the members are glued together. However, the

youth should also follow the doctrines of the Church which is the law according to the theory.

Therefore, with the theory in mind, the Church will assess the problems facing the youth and

do everything possible to retain the youth in the Church since they have a role to play.

30
2.7. Conceptual framework

Solution to Abandonment
-Emphasis on fundamental doctrines Connection indicators
-Re – organizing the Baptismal classes
-Make religious instruction pleasant -Recitation of beliefs
-Teach daily repentance and -Involvement in Church
forgiveness leadership
-Parents follow ups after baptism -Active participation in
-Instruct briefly and frequently choirs
-Study guidance from infancy through -Seeking the insight
youth understanding of eth Bible
-Interest in religion
instruction

Retention
Youth Believers
Disconnection
indicators
-Withdrawal from
Causes of Abanonment
Church leadership
-Failure in moral -Withdrawal from
-Failure of parental roles Church choir
- Boring worship services -No interest in the
-Neglection of Bible study Bible study
-Judgment by other members -Dropping of a group
-Feeling of unacceptance and -Gradual withdrawal
disconnection
-High school Transition
-Generation gap
Abandonment

The depicted framework captures the major variables and their relationships. It shows that

connection indicators in the SDA Church among the youth mainly depends on the strategies

laid down to solve the problem of Church abandonment for example emphasis on

fundamental doctrines, re – organizing the Baptismal classes, make religious instruction

pleasant, teach daily repentance and forgiveness, parents follow ups after baptism, instructing

briefly and frequently and study guidance from infancy through youth. This leads to their

retention in the Church.

31
On the contrary, when youth believers face problems in the Church for example, failure in

moral, failure of parental roles, boring worship services, neglecting of Bible study, judgment

by other members, feeling of unacceptance and disconnection, high school Transition and

generation gap. Abandonment occurs as a result of the youth disconnection with the Church.

Retention can be ensured through emphasis on fundamental doctrines, re–organizing the

Baptismal classes, make religious instruction pleasant, teach daily repentance and

forgiveness, parents follow ups after baptism, instructing briefly and frequently and study

guidance from infancy through youth. The outcome is the increase in numbers of the youths.

Thus this conceptual framework was considered useful for the study.

In this chapter, the research noted that the Church has in place ways of preparing the new

converts to become members of the Church. Secondly it was noted that the Church has

twenty eight fundamental teachings which if strictly followed, the youth will be retained in

the Church. Having looked at the literature review on the history of the SDA church, how the

Church prepares believers for baptism, the Church teachings, youths and the Church,

theoretical and the conceptual framework, the study will now focus on the methodology of

acquiring relevant data of the study in the next chapter.

32
 Chapter Three

Methodology

3.0 Introduction

In this particular chapter, a number of issues will be discussed. Some of this include but not

limited to; design of research, variables of the study, study area population, the population to

be targeted, procedure for sampling and the instruments used for research which could either

be used to collect primary or secondary data. The chapter will also cover the analyzed data

and the consideration for ethics.

3.1 Research Design

A research design is defined as an organization of conditions for collection and analysis of

data. A research design is important since it provides an avenue for a researcher to gather

important information to help in analyzing the research. For the purpose of this study, the

used Research Design involved both descriptive that is qualitative and quantitative data. As

such, the research used mixed methodology. The data collected depended on the respondents

opinions regarding youth abandonment of the church in Kisii County. The researchers

utilized both primary and secondary data in meeting the objectives and conclusion of the

premises. These research methods helped in gathering information about the current situation

of youth abandonment of the Church.

3.2 Research Variables

The independent variable in this study was baptism whereas the dependent variable was

church abandonment among the youth. To retain the youth in the church, they need to be

prepared thoroughly through going undertaking baptismal classes which will lay a strong

foundation in their faith.

33
3.3 Location of the Study

The study was conducted in Kisii County. The County lies some approximately 300

kilometers from Nairobi. The County covers an area of 1,318 square kilometers. The county

has nine sub-counties including Kisii South (Bonchari), Bomachoge Borabu, Nyaribari

Chache, Bobasi, Kitutu Chache South, Kitutu Chache North, Nyaribari Masaba, Bomachoge

Chache, and South Mugirango.

The research was undertaken in Kisii South sub-county being one of the areas that the SDA

church is predominant. There are twenty two SDA churches in the sub county and it was

noted that the number of the youths in the churches were less compared to both children and

the elder members of the church. This was a clear indication that there is a problem of the

youth abandoning the church. The study was restricted to the youth and the elders in a sample

of these churches.

3.4 Target Population

Target population consists of items or people under consideration in any field or enquiry

(Orodho, 2009). Respondents were drawn from the seven Seventh-Day Adventist Churches

in Kisii County. The researcher settled on these churches since the SDA church is one of the

dominant churches in the area. The study involved youths in the Church, their leaders, and

the Church elders.

3.5 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques

Sampling is the process of handpicking a sub set of cases to assist in drawing conclusions

about the entire group (Orodho, 2009). Gay (2011) asserts that in descriptive research thirty

percent of the population may be necessary for consideration of the research where the

population is small. The research purposively selected 7 Churches from a number of

Churches in Kisii County. The number of Church elders purposively selected for the study

34
was 2 per Church and 10 youths. Thus, 12 respondents per Church were randomly selected

for research. This made a total of 84 respondents for the study. The responses of the selected

sample gave a clear picture on why the youths abandon the Church despite being prepared to

be full members of the Church.

3.6 Instrumentation

Two questionnaires were used to collect data in this research. One questionnaire was

completed by the clergy and Church elders while the other one by the youths. These

questionnaires contained the demographic information of the respondent, reasons why the

youth abandon the Church and possible solutions to the problem of youth abandoning the

Church. According to Mouly (2009), the questionnaires usually add value to research since it

gives room for a representative sample. It could be used in a wide research area than most

other techniques and facilities. The instruments assisted in answering the statement of the

problem question which sought to explore the reasons why the youth abandon the Church and

the possible solutions for the same.

3.7 Pilot Study

Piloting was done in April 2015 in Kirenga SDA Church in Lari, Kiambu County. The

Church was not part of this research since it was not within the study scope. The main

objective of conducting this pilot study was to test reliability of the study instruments. This

was to ensure that in case of issues to do with ambiguity of the research instruments, they

could be dealt with at such level.

3.8 Validity and Reliability of the Study Instruments

Mugenda and Mugenda (2003), asserts to the fact that validity is viewed as the level at which

results are derived from data analyzed which represent the issue under investigation. To

affirm the criterion and content validity of the data instrument, the researcher got assistance
35
from other researchers in the field. The data collection instruments were subjected to both

internal and external validity.

According to Nacmias and Nachmias (2006), states that a data collection tool is reliable if its

capable of measuring a variable consistently and accurately to get similar results under

similar situations over time. The issue attached to reliability is that any tangible result must

be more than a one-off conclusions and findings that are inherently repetitive. Other

researchers should be able to conduct similar conditions and be able to give similar results.

This will better the findings of the research and ensure that the wider research will adopt the

hypothesis. The researcher adopted the test retest method which was done weekly to ascertain

and confirm Reliability, which helped in doing away with ambiguity of the research

instrument. (Ritchie & Lewis, 2005). Piloting was also conducted which ensured reliability

and validity of the instruments.

3.9 Data Collection Procedure

Both primary and secondary collection of data methods were utilized. Secondary information

was acquired from the library and primary data was acquired from the research field through

administering questionnaires and conducting scheduled interviews. This was done through

the help of research assistants who had clear information in regard to the geography of the

study area as well as the methods of research. Secondary data was also acquired from

Kenyatta University from sources such as journals, books, and theses, both PhD and Masters

by different authors. The internet through the use of relevant search engines was also an

important source of data to this research.

Questionnaires were used to interview for acquisition of clear research information.

(Mugenda, and Mugenda, 2003). The researcher paid a visit to the sampled Churches and

administered the questionnaires to relevant respondents. This provided a chance of seeking

36
clarification on difficult concepts. The questionnaires were issued in the morning and

surrendered back to the research assistants in the evening. The respondents were encouraged

to answer all questions truthfully as their confidentiality was assured. Respondents were

briefed on how to fill the questionnaires for accuracy of the information to be collected. This

questionnaires contained both open and closed ended questions.

3.10 Data Analysis and Presentation

Data analysis can be defined as a process of bringing meaning, structure and order of

collected information. (Mugenda &Mugenda, 2003). Primary data was both descriptive and

statistical. The primary data was collected and contained in questionnaires that were dully

filled while the secondary data from the library were collected in notes form. The raw data

that was collected were arranged according to the major themes which were guided by the

main premises and objectives of the study. After collecting data, the researcher evaluated the

data to confirm its completeness, accuracy, and uniformity. Statistical Package for Social

Sciences (SPSS) computer software was used to analyze the data.

Data was presented according to the themes as guided by the study objectives. Primary data

presentation was done qualitatively through narrating and completing simple descriptive

statistics using tables, percentages and graphs. Primary and secondary data were synthesized

and interpreted through the use of descriptions.

3.11 Ethical Considerations

Before commencing primary data collection process, briefing was given to the respondents

that the information they were to provide was purely for academic purposes. They were given

assurance that information provided will be treated with utmost confidentiality. The

researcher was guided by a number of ethics including; informed consent: All respondents of

the research undertook the informed consent before they participated in the study. This
37
included exploration on the research and its procedure, benefits, possible risks, voluntary

participation and confidentiality. Data obtained was treated with confidentiality and was only

for research. The obtained data was analyzed and presentation was made in aggregate and

personal identifiers were not used in any publication. Those who participated in the research

were given a chance to choose a convenient place for them where the interviews were

conducted.

Chapter three came up with the methodology used for collecting relevant data for the

research. With this methodology suggested, it made it possible for the researcher pick on

relevant respondents who provided data in regard to youth abandoning the church and the

possible solutions to the problem of the youth abandoning the church. Chapter four will deal

with how data obtained from respondents was analyzed, interpreted and presented.

38
 Chapter Four

Data Analysis and Presentation

4.1 Introduction

The main purpose of this study was to examine the reasons that make youth believers

abandon the Church and how can it be addressed.

The study was guided by the following objectives:

1. To analyze the practicability of the Baptismal Class Sessions in the Seventh-Day

Adventist Church in Kisii County

2. To explore the reasons why youth believers, abandon the Church after baptism in

Kisii County

3. To suggest solutions to the challenge of the youth abandoning the Church in Kisii

County

The theoretical framework which informed this study was Emile Durkheim‟s Functionalist

Theory.

In this study the respondents‟ rating of “Strongly Disagree” “Disagree” “Moderate” “Agree”

“Strongly Agree” and “To a very less extent” “To a less extent” “To a moderate extent” “To

a great extent” “To a very great extent” were put together and their percentages combined. To

enhance anonymity and confidentiality the study respondents‟ real names were not captured

in the questionnaires.

4.2 Background Information of Respondents

Respondents in the study were drawn from seven Churches from a number of Churches in

Kisii County whereby two leaders and seven youths were interviewed from each Church. The

39
demographic information of the respondents is discussed below and summarized in figures

and tables indicating frequency and percentages.

4.2.1 Gender of Respondents

Gender for Church leaders

Gender for youths

The figures above show the gender of the respondents of the study. The tables above show a

disparity where male respondents are more than female respondents. The disparity is due to
40
some circumstances in the region. For instance, male counterparts are more educated in the

region compared to female so they were more comfortable handling the questionnaire

compared to female counterparts. Also, when conducting research, we noted that after the

Church service, female would rush home to go and prepare dinner so a few would remain to

respond to the questionnaires.

4.2.2 Age of Respondents

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
35-40 3 21.4
40-45 3 21.4
45-50 5 35.7
50 and above 3 21.4
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
Below 20 20 28.6
20-25 30 42.9
25-30 10 14.3
30-35 10 14.3
Total 70 100.0

The tables above show the age of both the Church elders and the youth who were involved in

the study. From the tables, its noted that a higher percentage of Church leaders fall between

the ages of forty-five and fifty. On the other hand, most of the youth respondents were found

to be ranging between twenty and twenty-five.

41
4.2.3 Academic Qualification

Church leaders
Frequency Percent

Secondary 3 21.4
Certificate 4 28.6
Diploma 4 28.6
Degree 3 21.4
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
Non-formal 5 7.1
Primary 7 10.0
Secondary 30 42.9
Certificate 9 12.9
Diploma 7 10.0
Degree 11 15.7
Masters 1 1.4
Total 70 100.0

On academic qualification, it was noted that most of the Church leaders have acquired some

higher qualification that is certificate, diploma and degrees. Among the youth, most of them

had secondary education as their highest qualification. Those who had not acquired any

formal education were also able to respond courtesy of the research assistants.

4.2.4 Membership Period

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
5-10 1 7.1
15-20 4 28.6
OVER 20 9 64.3
Total 14 100.0

42
Youths
Frequency Percent
0-5 18 25.7
5-10 18 25.7
10-15 14 20.0
ABOVE 15 20 28.6
Total 70 100.0

The figures above show the membership period of both the Church leaders and the youths. It

was noted that nine out of fourteen Church leaders had been members of the Church for over

twenty years. Additionally, a higher percentage of the youth had stayed in the Church for

more than fifteen years. This was a sign of commitment of the respondents in the Church.

4.2.5 Length of Baptismal Class

Church leaders
Frequency Percent

2-3 months 3 21.4

4-5 months 3 21.4
Above 6 months 8 57.1
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
0-1 Month 1 1.4
1-2 Months 5 7.1
2-3 Months 10 14.3
3-4 Months 7 10.0
4-5 Months 6 8.6
5-6 Months 4 5.7
Above 6 Months 37 52.9
Total 70 100.0

A higher percentage of the respondents both the Church elders and the youth responded that

the baptismal classes take more than six months. This is a clear indication that the baptismal

43
classes are lengthy to teach the converts. However, when asked if the baptismal classes were

effective in preparing new converts, majority of the respondents agreed that the classes are

effective. According to them, new converts are prepared well but along the way they

backslide. Especially on the part of the Church leaders, they unanimously agreed that these

classes are effective. This therefore leads us to another enquiry on as to why youths abandon

the Church despite the fact that they are prepared well when being converted.

4.3 Reasons why youths abandon the Church

4.3.1 Failure of Societal Morals

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
M 3 21.4
A 8 57.1
SA 3 21.4
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 2 2.9
D 4 5.7
M 13 18.6
A 16 22.9
SA 35 50.0
Total 70 100.0

The tables above show the statistics that was collected from both respondents on failure of

morals. Most of the elders agreed that failure in morals is one of the reasons as to why youths

abandon the Church. A total of eight out of fourteen translating to 57.1% agreed that failure

of morals contributed to youths drop out. Similarly, on the side of the youth‟s respondents,

thirty-five out of seventy youths representing 50% of the total respondents strongly agreed to

the fact that failure of morals contributed to the youths‟ abandonment of the Church.

44
4.3.2 Failure in Parental roles

Church leaders
Frequency Percent

D 1 7.1
M 1 7.1
A 9 64.3
SA 3 21.4
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 28 40.0
D 6 8.6
M 14 20.0
A 12 17.1
SA 10 14.3
Total 70 100.0

The role of parents was also another item on reasons for youth abandonment of the Church.

On this item, the elders and the youths had diverse views whereby the elders felt the parents

have failed in their role to guide the youths according to the Church principles. On the other

hand, majority of the youths disagreed on the fact that parents have failed in their roles.

Statistically, 64.3% of the Church elders agreed that parents have failed in their moral duties

while 40% of the youths strongly disagreed that parents have failed in their duties.

4.3.3 Boring worship Service

Church leaders

Frequency Percent
D 2 14.3
M 4 28.6
A 8 57.1
Total 14 100.0
45
Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 9 12.9
D 3 4.3
M 35 50.0
A 19 27.1
SA 4 5.7
Total 70 100.0

From the tables above, the research found out that a higher percentage of the Church elders

felt boring worship services contributed to the youth abandoning the Church. This was

ironical since it is expected that the Church leaders are the ones who should make the Church

services interesting. However, their explanation justified their responses. They felt that the

youths are attracted by the mushrooming of several Churches where worship services

especially the praise and worship services are filled with vigor and dance. This is as opposed

to the teachings of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. On the side of the youth respondents,

50% of the youths were moderate of the issue of boring worship services as a reason for the

youth abandonment of the Church.

4.3.4 Youth neglecting Bible Study

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
D 1 7.1
M 4 28.6
A 4 28.6
SA 5 35.7
Total 14 100.0
Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 29 41.4
D 3 4.3
M 9 12.9
A 13 18.6
SA 16 22.9
Total 70 100.0

46
The above tables give the findings of the research on the youth neglecting bible study as

another reason why the youth abandon the Church. Majority of the elders representing 35.7%

strongly agreed that youth neglecting bible study is another reason as to why the youth

abandon the Church. It is only one elder who disagreed with this reason. On the side of the

youths, majority of them representing 41.4% disagreed with this reason. It is worth noting

that bible studies in the Seventh Day Adventist Church are usually conducted early in the

morning and late in the afternoon. This is the reason the elders were attributing their stand on

since most of the youth happen to come to Church late and leave early.

4.3.5 Judgment by other members

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
SD 1 7.1
D 4 28.6
M 3 21.4
A 5 35.7
SA 1 7.1
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 1 1.4
D 3 4.3
M 11 15.7
A 39 55.7
SA 16 22.9
Total 70 100.0

Judgment by other members is another reason that was respondent to. It is evident that

majority of the respondents that is 35.5% and 55.7% of the elders and the youths respectively

agreed to the fact that judgment of the youth by others was another reason that was making

the youth to shy away from the Church. Judgment by others in this case meant that other

47
members of the Church felt that the youths were sinful. This in return is taken negatively by

the youth and due to this, they resolve to drop out of the Church.

4.3.6 High school transition

Church leaders
Frequency Percent

D 4 28.6
A 6 42.9
SA 4 28.6
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 3 4.3
D 2 2.9
M 38 54.3
A 14 20.0
SA 13 18.6
Total 70 100.0

In this item, the research sought views of the respondents on whether high school transition

was a reason as to why youths abandoned the Church. Views on this item were sought since

not all students happened to attend to high schools that continued with the teachings of the

Church. Some students happen to attend to schools that are sponsored by different Churches

meaning they will not continue with the teachings of the SDA Church while in schools. On

this item, 42.9% representing the majority of the elders agreed that high school transition is a

reason that made some youths to abandon the Church. On the other hand, many youths

represented by 54.3% remained moderate on this issue.

48
4.3.7 Generation Gap

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
D 2 14.3
M 2 14.3
A 5 35.7
SA 5 35.7
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 6 8.6
D 11 15.7
M 38 54.3
A 7 10.0
SA 8 11.4
Total 70 100.0

Generation gap has to do with the age difference between the youths and other members of

the Church especially the old. Many of the elders agreed to the fact that generation gap has a

role to play in making youths to abandon the Church. Additionally the most of the youth

respondents were moderate on this reason. In fact, 54.3% youths remained moderate on this

issue as a reason for youth abandoning the Church.

4.3.8 Traumatic events

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
D 4 28.6
M 2 14.3
A 6 42.9
SA 2 14.3
Total 14 100.0

49
Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 5 7.1
D 28 40.0
M 23 32.9
A 8 11.4
SA 6 8.6
Total 70 100.0

Traumatic events have to do with being disturbed psychologically. From the research it was

found out that majority of the Church leaders, 42.9% agreed that disturbing issues contributed

to the youths to abandon the Church. On the other hand, twenty-eight youths representing

40% which were the majority disagreed on the issue of traumatic event as a reason for the

youth to abandon the Church.

4.3.9 Dropping out of a ministry

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
D 2 14.3
M 3 21.4
A 7 50.0
SA 2 14.3
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 3 4.3
D 4 5.7
M 10 14.3
A 39 55.7
SA 14 20.0
Total 70 100.0

Respondents had a strong conviction that dropping out of a ministry was a reason that

contributed to the youths abandoning the Church. 50% of the Church leaders and 55.7% of
50
youths who responded agreed that dropping out of a ministry contributed to some youths

dropping out of the Church. An example that was found is that many of the youths who

previously served the Church in different capacities left the Church after they were dropped

from their positions.

4.3.10 Overwhelming responsibilities

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
D 4 28.6
M 4 28.6
A 5 35.7
SA 1 7.1
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 29 41.4
D 10 14.3
M 18 25.7
A 7 10.0
SA 6 8.6
Total 70 100.0

The research found out that overwhelming responsibility as a reason for the youth

abandoning the Church had diverse views from the two types of dependents. 35.7% of

Church leaders who responded agreed that overwhelming responsibilities contributed to

youth‟s abandonment. This percentage represented the majority of the respondents. On the

other hand, 41.4% of the youth who were the majority strongly disagreed to the fact that

overwhelming responsibilities lead to youth abandonment of the Church.

51
4.3.11 College and university experiences

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
D 5 35.7
A 5 35.7
SA 4 28.6
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 2 2.9
D 5 7.1
M 31 44.3
A 13 18.6
SA 19 27.1
Total 70 100.0

According to the research, it was found out that the experiences in colleges and universities

had little effect on the youths abandoning the Church. Some Church leaders disagreed on this

issue while others agreed. On the side of the youth‟s respondents, the issue received a

moderate response from the majority of the respondents.

4.3.12 Poor role models

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
A 6 42.9
SA 8 57.1
Total 14 100.0
Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 4 5.7
D 2 2.9
M 7 10.0
A 22 31.4
SA 35 50.0
Total 70 100.0

52
All Church leaders‟ respondents agreed to the fact that poor role models lead to Church

abandonment by the youth. 57.1% and 42.9% strongly agreed and agreed respectively. On the

other hand, the youth respondents also agreed that poor role models contributed to

abandonment of the Church. 50% and 31.4% of the youth respondents strongly agreed and

agreed respectively. It was only a few youth respondents corresponding to less than 10% who

disagreed to this issue.

4.3.13 Dropping out of a group

Church leaders
Frequency Percent
A 13 92.9
SA 1 7.1
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequency Percent
SD 4 5.7
D 4 5.7
M 42 60.0
A 18 25.7
SA 2 2.9
Total 70 100.0

The tables above show the views of the respondents on dropping out of a group as a reason

for youth abandonment of the Church. Statistically, 92.9% and 7.1% of elders agreed and

strongly agreed respectively to the fact that dropping out of a group contributed to youths

abandoning the Church. According to these leaders, they cited the Church choir as one of the

group that the youths engaged in. however they noted that whenever the youth left the Church

choir, it was a sign that they were on their way out. On the other hand, 60% of the youth

53
respondents remained moderate on this factor as one of the reasons for the youth

abandonment of the Church.

4.3.14 Gradual withdrawal

Church leaders
Frequenc Percent
y
M 1 7.1
A 9 64.3
SA 4 28.6
Total 14 100.0

Youths
Frequenc Percent
y
SD 4 5.7
D 24 34.3
M 17 24.3
A 12 17.1
SA 13 18.6
Total 70 100.0

Gradual withdrawal is when someone starts dropping out of the Church bit by bit. This is

illustrated by the youths reduces their Church attendance for instance missing once in a

month, twice, thrice in a month then it reaches a time when the person completely vanishes

from the Church. Majority of the elders who responded to this representing 64.3% agreed to

the fact that gradual withdrawal contributes to youth abandoning the Church. However, for

the youth respondents, many of them represented by 34.3% disagreed to this as a reason for

youth abandoning the Church.

4.4 Possible solutions to the challenge of youth abandoning the Church

The research also sought to find solutions to the problem of the youths abandoning the

Church. There were different respondents as discussed below;

54
4.4.1 Emphasis on the fundamental doctrines

Church leaders

Youth

One of the suggested solutions from the reasons for youth abandonment of the Church was

emphasis on the fundamental doctrines. From the research, all Church leaders agreed that

emphasis on the fundamental teachings would have a great impact in solving the problem of

Church abandonment. 64.29% and 35.71% agreed to a very great extent and to a great extent

respectively that this issue will solve the problem partially. On the side of the youth

respondents, it was noted that some youths agreed that emphasis on fundamental teachings

has a role to play in retaining the youths in the Church while others disagreed. Youths had
55
divergent views with 34.29% thought the issue will sought the problem to a very less extent

and 28.57% felt emphasis on Church doctrines would solve the problem to a great extent.

4.4.2 Re-Organizing and re-adjusting the baptismal class sessions

Church leaders

Youth

The graphs above show the statistics from the respondents on whether reorganization and

readjustment will solve the problem of youths abandoning the Church. Majority of the

Church leaders representing 57.14% felt that reorganization of baptismal classes will be a

56
solution to this menace. However, a high percentage of youths felt this could not really solve

the problem. It is only 15.71% of the youths that had similar views to those of the Church

leaders.

4.4.3 Making religious instruction pleasant

Church leaders

Youth

The graphs above represent the views of the interviewees on whether making religious

instructions pleasant can be a solution to youth abandoning the Church. Amazingly, 50%of

the Church leaders representing the majority felt that this will be a solution to a great extent

while 55.71% of the youth felt that this will be a solution to a great extent. This is an

57
indication that both parties feel there is a problem in how religious teachings are conducted

and that there should be adjustments to make them pleasant to retain youths in the Church.

4.4.4 Teaching daily repentance and forgiveness

Church leaders

Youth

Teaching daily repentance and forgiveness was another suggested solution to youth

abandoning the Church. Many of the youth respondents were moderate on the issue however

many Church leaders felt that this could be a solution to the problem.

58
4.4.5 Continuous teaching after baptism by parents

Church leaders

Youth

Baptism does not bring to an end teaching in the Church. It was noted that parents do not take

a follow up on their children after baptism. They tend to assume that everything is okay

which may not always be the case. 50% of the Church leaders agreed to this fact. However,

majority of the youths representing 37.14% thought that continuous teaching after baptism

could not be a solution.

59
4.4.6 Instructing briefly and frequently

Church leaders

Youth

The above solution received an overwhelming support by both respondents. 50% of the

Church leaders felt that instructing briefly and frequently could be a solution to youth

abandonment of the Church. Similarly, majority of the youth respondents representing

55.71% felt that the solution will solve the problem to a great extent.

60
4.4.7 Emphasis on Sabbath school lessons

Church leaders

Youth

Emphasis on Sabbath school lessons was another suggested solution that got overwhelming

responses from the interviewees, 100% of Church leaders agreed that emphasis should be put

on Sabbath school lessons to assist in retaining youths in the Church. Similarly, 61.43% of

the youths felt that to a very great extent, emphasis on Sabbath school lessons could be a

solution to the problem.

61
4.4.8 Instructing from infancy through youth

Church leaders

Youth

Instructing from infancy through youth as a solution also received positive responses from

interviewees. 57.14% of Church leaders agreed that this could be a solution to the problem to

a great extent. Additionally, 44.29% of the youths representing the majority agreed that

instructing from infancy to youth could be a solution to youth abandonment of the Church to

a very great extent.

62
4.4.9 Emphasis on Bible Teachings

Church leaders

Youth

Bible teachings are one of the most important way of instructing new converts. It was noted

that a great percentage of the respondents felt that this could be a partial solution to the

problem of youth abandonment of the Church. 50% and 54.29% of Church leaders and

youths respectively felt that to a great extent, bible teachings could solve the problem of

youth abandonment of the Church.

63
4.5 Conclusions

The chapter noted that the role of the Church in addressing the problem of the youth

abandoning the Church is very minimal. The Church therefore needs to be more proactive in

teaching and instructing the youth especially the new converts so that they can retain them in

Church. This may be achieved through reorganizing baptismal class sessions meant to

prepare the new converts as members of the Church. Reorganization of baptismal classes can

be done in a way that they are made to be lengthy to allow enough time to prepare the youths

fully before they become full Church members.

The chapter has demonstrated that there are a number of factors that lead to youth

abandonment of the Church. Additionally, the chapter had analyzed potential solutions to the

problem of the youth abandoning the Church. It is worth noting that preparing new converts

as members of the Church is a crucial stage in trying to retain the youth in Church. However,

it can be concluded that the baptismal classes are preparing the youths but there are some

gaps that needs to be filled for the youths to be responsible Church members. The chapter

therefore sets a stage for chapter five which discusses the summary, findings, conclusions and

recommendations of the study.

64
 Chapter Five

Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations of the Study

5.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the summary of findings and the conclusions drawn from the analyzed

findings in chapter four. The purpose of this study was examining abandonment of the

Church by the youth in the SDA Church in Kisii County. To address this problem among

members of the SDA Church, a number of recommendations and conclusion are drawn based

on the findings analyzed in chapter four. Additionally, gaps that emerged in the course of the

study will be highlighted for future research.

5.2 Summary of the Findings

Demographically, it was noted that there was a disparity where male respondents are more

than female respondents. The disparity is due to some circumstances in the region. For

instance, male counterparts are more educated in the region compared to female so they were

more comfortable handling the questionnaire compared to female counterparts. Also, when

conducting research we noted that after the Church service, female would rush home to go

and prepare dinner so a few would remain to respond to the questionnaires. Age wise, it was

noted that a higher percentage of Church leaders fall between the ages of forty-five and fifty.

On the other hand, most of the youth respondents were found to be ranging between twenty

and twenty-five.

The first objective of the research was to analyze the practicability of the Baptismal Class

Sessions in the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Kisii County. A higher percentage of

respondents representing 57.1% and 52.9% of Church elders and youths respectively

responded that the baptismal classes take more than six months. This is a clear indication that

the baptismal classes are lengthy to teach the converts. However, when asked if the baptismal
65
classes were effective in preparing new converts, majority of the respondents agreed that the

classes are effective. According to them, new converts are prepared well but along the way

they backslide. Especially on the part of the Church leaders, they unanimously agreed that

these classes are effective. This objective was achieved due to the fact that majority of

respondents agree to the fact that these classes prepare the new converts well. This therefore

leads us to another enquiry on as to why youths abandon the Church despite the fact that they

are prepared well when being converted.

The second objective of the research was to explore the reasons why youth believers abandon

the Church after baptism in Kisii County. There were a number of potential reasons that were

found out to lead to youth abandonment of the Church. These reasons include; failure of

societal morals, failure of parental roles, boring worship service, youth neglecting bible

study, judgment by other members, high school transition, generation gap, traumatic events,

dropping out of a ministry, overwhelming responsibilities, college and university

experiences, poor role models, dropping out of a group, and gradual withdrawal. Of these

reasons, there are some that received overwhelming support from respondents to have caused

youth abandonment of the Church. Some of them are as summarized below;

The elders and the youths had diverse views whereby the elders felt the parents have failed in

their role to guide the youths according to the Church principles. Majority of the Church

elders felt that parents have failed in their role of nurturing the youth to be committed

members of the Church. On the other hand, majority of the youths disagreed on the fact that

parents have failed in their roles. Statistically, 64.3% of the Church elders agreed that parents

have failed in their moral duties while 40% of the youths strongly disagreed that parents have

failed in their duties.

66
The research found out that a higher percentage of the Church elders felt boring worship

services contributed to the youth abandoning the Church. This was ironical since it is

expected that the Church leaders are the ones who should make the Church services

interesting. However, their explanation justified their responses. They felt that the youths are

attracted by the mushrooming of several Churches where worship services especially the

praise and worship services are filled with vigor and dance. This is as opposed to the

teachings of the Seventh Day Adventist Church.

Additionally, from the research, it was evident that majority of the respondents that is 35.5%

and 55.7% of the elders and the youths respectively agreed to the fact that judgment of the

youth by others was another reason that was making the youth to shy away from the Church.

Judgment by others in this case meant that other members of the Church felt that the youths

were sinful. This in return is taken negatively by the youth and due to this, they resolve to

drop out of the Church.

Respondents had a strong conviction that dropping out of a ministry was a reason that

contributed to the youths abandoning the Church. 50% of the Church leaders and 55.7% of

youths who responded agreed that dropping out of a ministry contributed to some youths

dropping out of the Church. An example that was found is that many of the youths who

previously served the Church in different capacities left the Church after they were dropped

from their positions.

The research also found out that all Church leaders‟ respondents agreed to the fact that poor

role models lead to Church abandonment by the youth. 57.1% and 42.9% strongly agreed and

agreed respectively. On the other hand, the youth respondents also agreed that poor role

models contributed to abandonment of the Church. 50% and 31.4% of the youth respondents

67
strongly agreed and agreed respectively. It was only a few youth respondents corresponding

to less than 10% who disagreed to this issue.

Dropping out of a group was found to be another reason for youth abandonment of the

Church. Statistically, 92.9% and 7.1% of elders agreed and strongly agreed respectively to

the fact that dropping out of a group contributed to youths abandoning the Church. According

to these leaders, they cited the Church choir as one of the group that the youths engaged in.

however they noted that whenever the youth left the Church choir, it was a sign that they

were on their way out. On the other hand, 60% of the youth respondents remained moderate

on this factor as one of the reasons for the youth abandonment of the Church.

It was also the finding of the research that majority of the elders who responded gradual

withdrawal representing 64.3% agreed to the fact that gradual withdrawal contributes to

youth abandoning the Church. However, for the youth respondents, many of them

represented by 34.3% disagreed to this as a reason for youth abandoning the Church.

The third objective of the research sought to suggest solutions to the challenge of the youth

abandoning the Church in Kisii County. There were a number of potential solutions that were

found out to solve the problem of youth abandonment of the Church. Below are some of the

potential solutions that received support from the respondents.

From the research, all Church leaders agreed that emphasis on the fundamental teachings

would have a great impact in solving the problem of Church abandonment. 64.29% and

35.71% agreed to a very great extent and to a great extent respectively that this issue will

solve the problem partially. On the side of the youth respondents, it was noted that some

youths agreed that emphasis on fundamental teachings has a role to play in retaining the

youths in the Church while others disagreed. Youths had divergent views with 34.29%

68
thought the issue will sought the problem to a very less extent and 28.57% felt emphasis on

Church doctrines would solve the problem to a great extent.

The research also found out that majority of the Church leaders representing 57.14% felt that

reorganization of baptismal classes will be a solution to this menace. However, a high

percentage of youths felt this could not really solve the problem. It is only 15.71% of the

youths that had similar views to those of the Church leaders. Baptismal classes can be

reorganized in a way that the sessions are more participatory. By this, the sessions will be

enjoyable and new convert-oriented hence improving its effectiveness.

The research also found out that making religious instructions pleasant can be a solution to

youth abandoning the Church. Amazingly, 50%of the Church leaders representing the

majority felt that this will be a solution to a great extent while 55.71% of the youth felt that

this will be a solution to a great extent. This is an indication that both parties feel there is a

problem in how religious teachings are conducted and that there should be adjustments to

make them pleasant to retain youths in the Church. Religious instructions can be made

pleasant through allowing different group members to participate in different Church

activities. It can also be done through adopting the praise and worship sessions which will

help in retaining the youth in Church.

It was also found out that teaching briefly and frequently will be a solution to youth

abandonment for the Church. 50% of the Church leaders felt that instructing briefly and

frequently could be a solution to youth abandonment of the Church. Similarly, majority of the

youth respondents representing 55.71% felt that the solution will solve the problem to a great

extent. Brief and frequent teachings will go a long way in making the new converts to

concentrate on what is being taught. This will help them in acquiring what is taught in the

69
Church and put them into practice. With this, the potential of the new converts leaving the

Church will be very low.

Emphasis on Sabbath school lessons was another suggested solution that got overwhelming

responses from the interviewees, 100% of Church leaders agreed that emphasis should be put

on Sabbath school lessons to assist in retaining youths in the Church. Similarly, 61.43% of

the youths felt that to a very great extent, emphasis on Sabbath school lessons could be a

solution to the problem. Sabbath school lessons happen to be rich in content regarding to the

Church teachings and doctrines and this can prepare one fully to be a committed follower

hence solving the problem of youths abandoning the Church.

Instructing from infancy through youth as a solution also received positive responses from

interviewees. 57.14% of Church leaders agreed that this could be a solution to the problem to

a great extent. Additionally, 44.29% of the youths representing the majority agreed that

instructing from infancy to youth could be a solution to youth abandonment of the Church to

a very great extent. This is due to the fact that a child educated right from the tender age will

grow up appreciating the Church and in the long run can grow to be a committed follower.

It was noted that a great percentage of the respondents felt that bible teachings could be a

partial solution to the problem of youth abandonment of the Church. 50% and 54.29% of

Church leaders and youths respectively felt that to a great extent, bible teachings could solve

the problem of youth abandonment of the Church. This was found to be in tandem with the

literature review which asserts that the church has its teachings based on the believe of the

Bible. If the church lays its emphasis on bible study, then the youths will be equipped with

the bible knowledge that will enable them not to depart from the expectations of the church

and consequently this will better their retention in the church.

70
5.3 Conclusions

The study gathered very valuable and relevant data that informed and met the research

objectives and questions. The study found out that there are baptismal classes that are

responsible to ensure that the new converts are prepared to be responsible and committed

members of the Church. The study also found out that there were a number of reasons that led

to youth abandoning the Church in Kisii County. This means that the Church has a role to

play in ensuring that youths are retained in the Church.

Additionally, there are potential solutions to the problem of youth drop out that the Church

should put emphasis on. If these possible solutions are addressed by the Church, then the

youths and the new converts may be retained in the Church.

It is worth noting that preparing new converts as members of the Church is a crucial stage in

trying to retain the youth in Church. However, it can be concluded that the baptismal classes

are not fully preparing the youths for them to be responsible Church members.

The researcher noted that the role of the Church in addressing the problem of the youth

abandoning the Church is very minimal. The Church therefore needs to be more active in

teaching and instructing the youth especially the new converts so that they can retain them in

Church. This may be achieved through reorganizing baptismal class sessions meant to

prepare the new converts as members of the Church.

5.4 Recommendations

As a result of the study, the researcher made the following policy recommendations:

71
The SDA Church should strategize and come up with improved methods of preparing the

new converts. This can be done by restructuring and adjusting baptismal classes in a way that

they fully prepare the youths to be committed members of the Church.

The Church should encourage parents and guardians to ensure that they play their role of

bringing up all round children especially by providing them with religious instructions. This

will go hand in hand in ensuring that they youth take religious education seriously and reduce

cases of them abandoning the Church.

The Church should come up with strategies and activities that will always engage the youth.

Such activities like Church projects will engage youths and they will feel accepted and

included in the Church. This will partially solve the problem of the youth abandoning the

Church.

5.5 Suggested Areas for Further Research

In regard to the limitations of this study, the following areas were suggested for further

research;

 A similar study can be carried out in other Christian denominations since the problem

of the youth abandoning the Church is universal

 Another study can be carried out to find out the programs and the content learnt in

baptismal classes and suggest any adjustments for effectiveness of preparing new

converts

 Another study on the role of parents and guardians should be carried out since the

research found out that failure of the parent‟s roles can lead to the youth abandoning

the Church.

72
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 Appendices

Appendix I: Letter to the Church Administration

Dear Sir/Madam

REF: ABANDONMENT OF CHURCH BY YOUTH-BELIEVERS IN THE

SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH IN KISII COUNTY

I am a postgraduate student at Kenyatta University, currently undertaking a study on the

above subject in Kisii County.

Your Church has been picked to participate in this study. I am kindly requesting your
permission to collect required information from the clergy, Church members and the youth
through questionnaires.

The questionnaires are specifically meant for the research and the responses will be treated
with strict confidentiality.

Your assistance and support will be highly appreciated.

Yours faithfully,

Kireri Omosa Douglas

(RESEARCHER)

76
 Appendix II: Letter to the Respondents

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES
P.O BOX 43844,
NAIROBI

23/10/2014

RESEARCH LETTER OF INTRODUCTION

ABANDONMENT OF CHURCH BY YOUTH-BELIEVERS IN THE SEVENTH-DAY
ADVENTIST CHURCH IN KISII COUNTY
KIRERI OMOSA DOUGLAS

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

I am a student of the above mentioned university undertaking a research titled Abandonment

of Church by Youth Believers in The Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Kisii County.

Your assistance to this endeavor will be highly appreciated.

Thank you in advance

Yours faithfully,

Kireri Omosa Douglas

77
 Appendix III: Questionnaire for the Clergy and Elder Members of the Church
Dear Madam/sir,

I am Douglas Kireri; a Master‟s student in the Department of Philosophy and Religious

Studies at Kenyatta University. I am undertaking this research as a fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree. My research is focused on Abandonment of Church
by Youth-Believers in The Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Kisii County. Kindly, give your
honest response to the following questions. The information you give will be treated with
utmost confidentiality and will only be used for research purpose.

Thank you in advance for accepting to take part in this study.

Instructions:

1. Do not write your name anywhere.

2. Kindly respond to the following questions by placing a tick in front of the most
appropriate response.

3. Where explanations are required, use the space below the items.
4. Answer all questions as briefly as possible.

SECTION A: Background Information

1. Name of the Church………………………………………………………………

2. Gender of the Respondent

Male

Female

3. What is your age?

35-40 years 40-45 years 45-50 years Above 50 years

4. Marital Status

Married Single Separated Divorced Widowed

5. What is your highest academic qualification?

78
Non-formal Primary Secondary Certificate Diploma
Degree Masters PhD

6. For how long have you been a member of this Church?

0-5 years

5-10 years

10-15 years

15-20 years

Over 20 years

7. Do you hold any responsibility in this Church?

Yes No

If yes, which position? ………………………………………………..

SECTION B: Effectiveness of the Baptismal class sessions in the S.D.A.

1. Does the Church have baptismal class sessions for those aspiring to be Church
members?

Yes No

If yes, how long do they take?

0-1 Month 1-2 months 2-3 months 3-4 months 4-5 months

5-6 months Above 6 months

2. In your opinion, are the baptismal class sessions effective in preparing the members of
the Church?

Yes No

Briefly explain your answer

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
79
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C: Reasons why youths abandon the Church

1. Are there any cases of youth drop outs in your Church?

Yes No

2. Please indicate with a tick the extent to which you agree on how these factors affect
youth drop outs in your Church on a scale of 1-5 where 1=Strongly Disagree,
2=Disagree, 3=Moderate, 4=Agree and 5=Strongly Agree

Factors for youth drop-out 1 2 3 4 5

Failure of societal morals
Failure of parental roles
Boring worship services
Youth neglecting Bible study
Judgment by other members
High school transition
Generation gap
Traumatic events
Dropping out of a ministry
Overwhelming responsibilities
College and University experiences
Poor role models
Dropping out of a group
Gradual withdrawal
3. A part from the above factors, state any other factors for the youth drop out

i. ………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. ………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. ………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION D: Possible solutions to the challenge of youth abandoning the Church

80
 1. Please indicate with a tick the extent to which the following suggested solutions can
curb the challenge of youth drop outs on a scale of 1-5 where 1=To a very less extent,
2=To a less extent, 3=To a moderate extent, 4=To a great extent and 5=To a very
great extent

Possible solution 1 2 3 4 5
Emphasis on the fundamental doctrines
Re-Organizing and re-adjusting the baptismal
class sessions
Making religious instruction pleasant
Teaching daily repentance and forgiveness
Continuous teaching after baptism by parents
Instructing briefly and frequently
Emphasis on Sabbath school lessons
Instructing from infancy through youth
Emphasis on Bible teachings

2. A part from the above factors, state any other possible solutions to the challenge of
youth drop outs

i. ………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. ………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. ………………………………………………………………………………………

81
 Appendix IV: Questionnaire for the Youths

Dear Youth,

I am Douglas Kireri; a Master‟s student in the Department of Philosophy and Religious

Studies at Kenyatta University. I am undertaking this research as a fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree. My research is focused on Abandonment of Church
by Youth-Believers in The Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Kisii County. Kindly, give your
honest response to the following questions. The information you give will be treated with
utmost confidentiality and will only be used for research purpose.

Thank you in advance for accepting to take part in this study.

Instructions:

5. Do not write your name anywhere.

6. Kindly respond to the following questions by placing a tick in front of the most
appropriate response.

7. Where explanations are required, use the space below the items.
8. Answer all questions as briefly as possible.
SECTION A: Background Information

8. Name of the
Church……………………………………………………………………………….
9. Gender of the Respondent

Male

Female

10. What is your age?

Below 20 years 20-25 years 25-30 years 30-35 years

82
 11. What is your highest academic qualification?

Non-formal Primary Secondary Certificate Diploma

Degree Masters PhD

12. For how long have you been a member of this Church?

0-5 years

5-10 years

10-15 years

Above 15 years

13. Do you hold any responsibility in this Church?

Yes No

If yes, which position? ………………………………………………..

SECTION B: Effectiveness of the Baptismal class sessions in the S.D.A.

3. Does the Church have baptismal class sessions for those aspiring to be Church
members?

Yes No

If yes, how long do they take?

0-2 Month 1-2 months 2-3 months 3-4 months 4-5 months

5-6 months Above 6 months

4. In your opinion, are the baptismal class sessions effective in preparing the members of
the Church?

Yes No

83
Briefly explain your answer
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C: Reasons why youths abandon the Church

4. Are there any cases of youth drop outs in your Church?

Yes No

5. Please indicate with a tick the extent to which you agree on how these factors affect
youth drop outs in your Church on a scale of 1-5 where 1=Strongly Disagree,
2=Disagree, 3=Moderate, 4=Agree and 5=Strongly Agree

Factors for youth drop-out 1 2 3 4 5

Failure of societal morals
Failure of parental roles
Boring worship services
Youth neglecting Bible study
Judgment by other members
High school transition
Generation gap
Traumatic events
Dropping out of a ministry
Overwhelming responsibilities
College and University experiences
Poor role models
Dropping out of a group
Gradual withdrawal
6. A part from the above factors, state any other factors for the youth drop out

i. ………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. ………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. ………………………………………………………………………………………

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SECTION D: Possible solutions to the challenge of youth abandoning the Church

3. Please indicate with a tick the extent to which the following suggested solutions can
curb the challenge of youth drop outs on a scale of 1-5 where 1=To a very less extent,
2=To a less extent, 3=To a moderate extent, 4=To a great extent and 5=To a very
great extent

Possible solution 1 2 3 4 5
Emphasis on the fundamental doctrines
Re-Organizing and re-adjusting the baptismal
class sessions
Making religious instruction pleasant
Teaching daily repentance and forgiveness
Continuous teaching after baptism by parents
Instructing briefly and frequently
Emphasis on Sabbath school lessons
Instructing from infancy through youth
Emphasis on Bible teachings

4. A part from the above factors, state any other possible solutions to the challenge of
youth drop outs

i. ………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. ………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. ………………………………………………………………………………………

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Appendix V: University research Authorization

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Appendix VI: Approval to Undertake Research

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