Practice of "Pagmamano" and Its Impact on Intergenerational Relationships.

A Quantitative Research

Caduang Tete National High School

Macabebe, Pampanga

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Junior High School

English 10

By:

Custodio, Czyrus Khylle A.

Laus, Aaron C.

Tumang, Michelle Anne M.

Manabat, Juven Jhared SD.

Sunga, Lyka M.

Manabat, Anjo Y.

Submitted to:

Mrs. Catheryn E. Reyes

S.Y.: 2022 – 2023

 ABSTRACT

Title : Practice of “Pagmamano” and its Impact on

Intergenerational Relationship.

Researchers : Custodio, Czyrus Khylle A.

Laus, Aaron C.

Tumang, Michelle Anne M.

Manabat, Juven Jhared SD.

Sunga, Lyka M.

Manabat, Anjo Y.

School : Caduang Tete National High School

Macabebe, Pampanga

Adviser : Mrs. Catheryn E. Reyes

Date Completed : June 21, 2023

 This study aimed to assess the Practice of “Pagmamano” and its Impact on

Intergenerational Relationship.

Specially, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the student in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Generation (Boomer, Millennial, Gen Z, Gen Y, or Others)

2. How does the traditional Filipino practice of “pagmamano” influence and shape

intergenerational relationships among other people?

3. Does the practice of “pagmamano” has a significant effect on the relationship of

Filipino families.

A descriptive method was used in this study. It was conducted at the Caduang Tete

National High School in Macabebe, Pampanga. The respondents to this study were the students

of Caduang Tete National High School. There are 15 respondents in this study, one each from

Leviticus, Chronicles, and Exodus, 2 from Thessalonians, 2 from Romans, 2 from Corinthians,2

from Ephesians, 2 from Genesis, 2 from Colossians, and this study also has 3 junior high school

teachers. This study used 5% of the population of grade 10 students and junior high school

teachers in Caduang Tete National High School, whose opinions provided the accurate

information that the researchers needed. This study used 5% of the population of Grade 10

students and Junior High School teachers; 5% of 282 grade 10 students is equivalent to 15

respondents, and 5% of 51 Junior High School teachers is equivalent to 3 respondents. This

study used a questionnaire as a data gathering device and used the percentage formula to analyze
the data. Different Graphs and Tables were used as the data medium to interpret the gathered

data.

From the data gathered and analyzed, the following are the findings this study acquired:

1. All of the student-respondents were still practicing and performing “pagmamano" to their

elders as a sign of respect every time they see them.

2 The respondents performed “pagmamano” as a sign of gratitude and respect mostly to their

elders followed by parents, godfather/mother, and teacher.

3."Pagmamano" is still relevant in today's society because the students still perform

“pagmamano” as a form of gratitude and respect to their elders.

4."Pagmamano" is an encouraging and respectful gesture to elders, this also shows how the

person respect the other people who were older than them.

5. Respondents was comfortable even when the teacher encouraged or required them to perform

“pagmamano” towards to them.

6. All teacher-respondents still received respect to the student by practicing “pagmamano”.

7. The majority of the junior high school teacher-respondents thinks that “pagmamano” should

be incorporated into formal school settings as a part of Filipino cultural traditions.

From the given findings, the corresponding conclusions are outlined below:

1. Grade 10 students still practice the “pagmamano” to show their respect and gratitude every

time they see their elders, parents, godfather/godmother and their teachers.

2. “Pagmamano” is an important culture and value to all Filipinos, it is still relevant in today’s

society because it demonstrates how the person values others who are older than them and is a

supportive and courteous gesture to seniors.

3. Even when the teacher expected or encouraged them to show "pagmamano" toward them, the

students felt at ease. Junior high school teachers agreed that students still performed

“pagmamano” on them.

4. As a part of Filipino cultural traditions, "pagmamano" should be introduced into official

classroom settings, according to the majority of junior high school teacher responders.
 Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to express their deep appreciation and gratitude to the
following individuals who made this research possible:

First and foremost, the researcher would like to give their warmest thanks to God for
giving them the strength and guidance to complete their research. Without His blessings, their
research would not have been possible.

The researchers extend their sincere gratitude to the principal, Sir Ritchie Lapuz, for
granting them permission to conduct the research at their institution. The researcher appreciates
the support and encouragement provided by him, which made their project possible.

The researcher would like to thank the research teacher, Ma'am Catheryn Reyes, whose
support and encouragement helped them stay motivated and focused. Who provided them with
valuable insights and information that greatly contributed to their research. They’re grateful for
the time and effort she invested in guiding them throughout their project. They appreciate her
dedication to their education and her imparting knowledge that will be useful to their future
endeavors.

To the student participants of Caduang Tete National High School who serve as
respondents. The researcher would like to express their heartfelt gratitude for their willingness to
participate in this study. Their valuable input and feedback have greatly contributed to the
success of this research.

And most especially for their dearest parents, for their endless support and guidance
throughout the making of the research study. As well as encouraging them to keep doing what
they started until its completion.
 Thank you so much!

God bless you!

The Researchers

Dedication

We, the researchers, fully dedicate our effort to this research study for our families, who

give their support and never-ending inspiration throughout the study.

To our supportive research teacher, Mrs. Catheryn E. Reyes, who helps, guides, and

provides us with the resources needed in the making of this study.

To our loving adviser and teacher, Mrs. Evelyn Balingit, who served as role models for

us.

To the principal, Sir Ritchie Lapuz, who approved conducting the research survey.

To future researchers who can use this study as their guide or reference.

To the Filipino citizens, because they are the reason why the researchers conducted the

study.

To our friends, classmates, and all the people who believed in us and inspired us to finish

this study.

Additionally, this study is dedicated to the school, providing the researchers with the

chance to develop, hone, and collaborate while conducting this research. Almighty God, who
gave the strength, knowledge, wisdom, protection, and will to continue and keep positive to

finish this research,

These are all intended for them.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Abstract

Acknowledgement

Dedication

Table of Contents

Chapter I - The Background and Identified Problem

Introduction

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Conceptual Framework

Assumption

Hypothesis
 Definition of Terms

Chapter II - Review of Related Literature

Related Literature

Foreign

Local

Related Studies

Local

Chapter III

Research Design

Respondent of the Study

Sampling Device

Research Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

Data Processing

Chapter IV - Results and Discussions

Table

Figures

Discussion
Chapter V - Conclusion and Recommendation

Summary

Summary of Findings

Findings

Conclusion

Recommendation

Appendices

Appendix A. Tittle Page

Appendix B. Consent form

Appendix C. Questionnaire for Students

Appendix D. Questionnaire for Teachers

Appendix E. Table of Content

Appendix F. List of Table Titles

Appendix G. List of Figure Titles

Appendix H. Definition of Terms

Appendix I. Tables

Appendix J. Figures

Appendix K. Reference List

 CHAPTER I

THE BACKGROUND AND IDENTIFIED PROBLEM

Introduction

The Filipinos work and live with the influence of Filipino values, exploring possibilities

to live and work while learning more about who we actually are. Filipinos have excellent values,

and when they are strengthened, it provides a fantastic workplace. When Filipinos act in

accordance with their values, they do better at work. The community like school, workplace and

neighborhood is important to Filipinos because they are known for their hospitality, resilience

and being respectful. Allowing them to shine where they are. The term "Filipino Values" refers

to the shared presumptions and beliefs of Filipinos that shaped their reactions to information,

events, and circumstances. Filipino values are the prisms through which Filipinos view the

problems in their environment. Filipinos, like other humans, are unaware of their values because

they were assimilated or how they took new information during the development process or

while growing up. We are so immersed in values that we fail to recognize how they influence our

choices (Menguin, J. 2022).

It is very important to understand one's culture and values. As Filipinos give a lot of

attention to the values they have, some of the Filipino values are sympathy (pagdadamayan),
cooperation (pakikipagtutulungan), hospitality (pakikitungo), and most importantly being

respectful (magalang). They show their respect by doing “Pagmamano”. According to

Emmanuel Abalos, pagmamano is an honored gesture used by Filipinos, and performed as a sign

of respect to elders and as a way of requesting a blessing from the elders. According to Abalos

(2019) from the National Association of the Broadcasters in the Philippines, mano or

“pagmamano” is similar to hand-kissing. It's performed by a person giving the greeting by

bowing down toward the person or the elder or taking his hand or her hand and pressing it on the

forehead. In Filipino culture and language, the word "po" is frequently used at the end of each

sentence as a mark of respect when addressing an elderly person, and the word "mano" is

Spanish for hand. This is usually performed with the right hand and the person may ask "Mano

po?" or “Can I have your blessing?”. Usually, when someone enters an older relative's home or

first sees them, they will ask for the mano, or the respected gesture.

Abalos said that Filipinos keep their tradition alive because Filipinos are trained to

respect seniors, whether they are family members or strangers, both inside the family and in the

community. In Filipino culture, elders are respected not only for their age but also for the

wisdom and experience they have accumulated over the course of their lives. “The mano is still

used by people to pay respect to the elderly. However, it’s not really that common anymore. It

really depends on how the kids are raised. If parents teach their children how to do the mano

since they’re one year old, they will remember this sign of respect as they grow older and believe

in it and practice it wherever they go” (Abalos E. 2019)

As reported by CNN Philippines, some Filipino still do the “Pagmamano” but some

people saw this culture slowly fading away. Rostv Olrmade said people still practice the

“pagmamano” because of its unique way to express their respect. Amalia Kapuno said, “A
traditional respectful gesture, which is fading in our family, as digital culture invades and dilutes

or mixes with other respectful cultures that are sometimes mistaken for humanitarian”.

“Pagmamano” is important to Filipino tradition because “Pagmamano” starts to fade

away. It will change Filipinos behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes (how they think and

feel). Teenagers, youth and children develop daily, and popular culture shapes them. They are

impacted by practically every facet of life around them, including literature, music, sports, and

even television and movies.

The researchers conducted the study to give focus on the importance of Filipino values

and on how it affects the generations as the time goes. It can also help to preserve and promote

cultural practices and traditions, as well as deepen understanding and appreciation of Filipino

culture.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the impact of the practice of “pagmamano” on

intergenerational relationship between Filipino people.

Specially, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the student in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Generation (Boomer, Millennial, Gen Z, Gen Y, or Others)

2. How does the traditional Filipino practice of “pagmamano” influence and shape

intergenerational relationships among other people?

3. Does the practice of “pagmamano” has a significant effect on the relationship of

Filipino families.
Significance of the Study

The finding of the study may provide information beneficial to the following individual or

group of people:

The Students. This study can help students revisit respect for elders and their knowledge

through learning the practice of "pagmamano". Also, it may help preserve this cultural tradition,

make you feel more comfortable interacting with older people, and help bridge the generational

gap. Lastly, students can learn to be humble and respectful toward others.

The Parents and Elderly people This research can help parents continue the practice of

"pagmamano" for generations by teaching the young generation to practice "pagmamano".

Hence, it will strengthen family ties and reinforce the value of family in Filipino culture.

Scope and Delimitation

The general intent of this study is to know if Filipinos still practice "pagmamano" with

the elders nowadays. This study will be conducted at Caduang Tete National High School during

the school year 2022-2023. This study will gather data from the high school department at

CTNHS. Other issues that may have influenced the outcomes were not covered. This study will

also deal with how "pagmamano" affects the Intergenerational relationship between Filipinos.

Conceptual Framework

This study’s foundation was a hypothesized paradigm that would illustrate its many

elements of our study.

 As shown on the figure, the study used the Input-Process-Output Approach to evaluate if

the students of Caduang Tete High School still practice “pagmamano”. This study’s foundation

was a hypothesized paradigm that would illustrate its many elements.

Input Process Output

Gather data through

questionnaire.
The effects of
The practice of Analyze the data if
"pagmamano" on
“pagmamano” and the student still
relationships
itsThe practice
impact onof practices
between
intergenerational “pagmamano”.
generations will be
relationship. After we examine
clarified.
the result, we will

conduct a

conclusion.
 The "pagmamano" and its impact on intergenerational relationships will form a concept

idea for this study and form the Input.

The data gathered from the survey will be analyzed, examined, and computed to form a

conclusion that will form the process.

The effects of "pagmamano" on relationships between generations will be clarified in this

study.

Assumption

These are the assumptions of our study:

By the use of this study, the importance of “pagmamano” will be emphasized especially

to the students. And the "pagmamano" tradition of the Filipinos will be preserved. Lastly, this

study will prove if Filipinos still practice “pagmamano”.

Hypothesis

The Filipinos no longer engage in the practice of "pagmamano" for some reason, but

Filipinos are still scared due to the risk of being infected by the virus COVID-19. The impact of

technologies on Filipinos: Filipinos nowadays are addicted to the new technologies, especially

gadgets.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined in order to emphasize the study's main objective.
Boomer. Those who were born in the two decades following World War II are referred to as

boomers.

Cognitive Process. The mental operations the brain uses to process information.

Generational Gap. A generation gap or generational gap is a difference of opinions between

one generation and another regarding beliefs, politics, or values.

Gen Y. Persons born after Generation X but before Generation Z are categorized

demographically.

Gen Z. Gen Z starts in about 1997 and finishes in about 2010.

Hospitality. Being hospitable entails receiving and amusing visitors in a way that makes them

feel well cared for. To give guests the finest experience possible, it makes use of the ambiance,

service, and goods.

Intergenerational. Intergenerationality is the interaction of people from several generations.

Pagmamano. Mano or “pagmamano” is an "honouring gesture" used in Filipino culture to show

respect for elders and to ask for their blessing. This is done by gently striking the elder's right

hand to the young's forehead.

 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the relevant theory and literature utilized as a guide for the

researchers. The related literature and studies are reviewed and analyzed to provide a reliable

foundation and literary backbone for this study. All of these were incorporated into this chapter

to provide a complete overview of this research.

Related Literature mo

Foreign Literature

Mano or Pagmamano" The Filipino Gesture of Showing Respect to Elders

“The mano tradition or mano po is a dying tradition in some places in Philippines, in my

place it is very rare now that you can see the children that shows respect to elders, some not even

respecting their parents and their siblings. I hope that the parents will continue teaching their kids

how to respect all elders by continuing teaching them the mano. For me showing respect to my

elders is very important and mano is one great act to show my elders that they are respected and

loved” (Grace,2018)

“Pagmamano” is dying in the Philippines and some Filipino doesn't give much respect to

their elders. For Grace, “pagmamano” is important and needs to be preserved because it is the

way to show their love and respect to their elders.

Culture in Everyday Life

“Pagmamano” is a Filipino culture that has survived the times and foreign influences.

This is the practice of respect by asking for an elder’s hand and touching one’s forehead while

bowing. One usually asks by saying “mano po”. Mano po translates to “may I have your hand

please.” In return, the elder blesses the person. In the Filipino culture the elderly, refer to parents

and grandparents, cousins, or close family friends. It is usually done when one visits a family,

when meeting these people outside of the home or after a religious activity. It is also common to

bring children to their godparents during Christmas time to pay respect to this custom. I found

this custom in the Filipino culture to be shocking to me because i have never seen it done before”

(Humangnan C. 2016).

According to Humangnan, some parents bring their children to their grandparents to do

the “pagmamano” which means asking for blessing from them.

Local Literature

Mano or Pagmamano - an “honoring gesture” in Filipino Culture

“Pagmamano” is an honored gesture used by Filipinos and performed as a sign of respect

to elders and as a way of requesting a blessing from the elder. From youth, Filipinos are taught to

respect the elders, not only within the family, but those in the community as well, be they

strangers or relatives. We Filipinos believe that the elders have earned the respect of the younger

generations not only through their age, but through their acquired wisdom and experience”

(Abalos E., 2019).

According to the statement of Abalos, Filipinos do the “pagmamano” even though

they’re not related with the Elder.

“Pagmamano” Still Lives Within the SFAC System

 According to Saint Francis of Assisi College (2023) “Pagmamano” is an “honoring-

gesture” used in Filipino culture performed as a sign of respect for elders and as a way of

requesting a blessing from them. The custom dates to pre-colonial times, this practice is

treasured and embraced especially in our school. Inside the school premises, “pagmamano” is

customarily practiced by the Anthonians to the management, the teachers, and the staff”.

Based on Saint Francis of Assisi College article, “pagmamano” is used as an honoring

gesture to show respect to their elders. “Pagmamano” is still practiced by their students in the

school because it is customarily practiced by the Anthonians to the management, the teachers,

and the staff.

Understanding Pagmamano: A Guide to Filipino Tradition.

“Pagmamano” is one of the value of Filipinos, although the practice of “pagmamano” has

become less common in urban areas, it is still widely observed in rural communities and during

formal gatherings such as weddings and other ceremonies. “Pagmamano” is a powerful reminder

of the importance of maintaining Filipino traditions and respecting the wisdom and guidance of

those who came before us” (tsinelaslife, 2023).

This article shows that “pagmamano” is slowly fading away in some areas in the

Philippines, but “pagmamano” is still being practiced in most areas. For them, “pagmamano”

reminds people about the importance of maintaining Filipino traditions.

Related Study

Local Study

Looking back to earlier years, students always take time to practice this gesture whenever

they encounter elders, this was bought by the Spaniards in the early 1560s. Due to the online
environment and potential connection to a lack of face-to-face interactions, technology may have

had an impact on social behavior. “That is why researchers conducted an interview on experts

and selected participants involved in this issue to ascertain the true reason why this issue had

occurred and to prevent this information brought by really affected it, the peers or the lack of

parent teaching values is to blame," according to the researchers from Kasiglahan Village

National High School (2020)

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains how the data was collected. It includes the respondents and

sampling, research design, research instruments, procedure, and data processing.

Research Design

Researchers used a quantitative approach and evaluation to conduct this investigation.

The Descriptive method was chosen because it sought to produce an accurate and precise picture

of the scenarios or problems. It was also one of the most reliable research methods for getting

right in touch with the study's creators' goals. A sort of applied research called evaluation

research seeks to have some influence on the real world. The meticulous, rigorous process of

evaluation research, which includes data analysis and reporting, involves gathering data

regarding organizations, methods, projects, services, and/or resources. The researchers used

evaluation techniques to gather insightful data from the audience and offer priceless insights to

evaluators like sponsors, contributors, client groups, administrators, personnel, and other

pertinent constituencies. The researchers made an attempt to find a solution to the stated issue as

well as to support and evaluate the objectives of the study. A quantitative approach takes over

the research framework. It refers to a collection of methods, approaches, and presumptions used
to investigate numerical patterns to examine psychological, social, and economic issues.

Numerous numerical data points are gathered during quantitative research. Researchers can

perform basic to more complex statistical studies that combine data, reveal references between

data, or compare across combined data thanks to the collection of quantitative information

(Coghlan, D., and Brydon-Miller, M. 2014). Also, this study attempted to identify the impact of

"pagmamano" on intergenerational relationships.

Research Instrument

The instrument used to collect data was a structured survey questionnaire. The researcher

employed a structured survey questionnaire to gather more accurate information from the

respondents about the impact of the practice of "pagmamano" on intergenerational relationships

between Filipino people. The survey questionnaire typically consists of multiple-choice and

rating scale questions that cover various aspects of "pagmamano" experiences, such as the

practice of "pagmamano" between Filipinos and its Impact on Intergenerational relationships.

The researcher will distribute the survey questionnaire to both teachers and students at

Caduang Tete National High School. Respondents will receive survey questionnaires to gain

knowledge in the field of social research. The results of the survey questionnaire will be used to

evaluate whether it is still being practiced in this generation. The respondents will answer the

survey questionnaire about their personal experiences. The answers of respondents will be kept

confidential and used for research purposes only.

Locale of the Study

 This study was conducted in Caduang Tete National High School, Macabebe,

Pamapanga, school year 2022-2023.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study were the students of the Caduang Tete National High

School. There are 15 respondents on this study, one each from 10 - Leviticus, Chronicles, and

from Exodus, 2 from 10 - Thessalonians, 2 from 10 - Romans, 2 from 10 - Corinthians, 2 from

10 - Ephesians, 2 from 10 - Genesis, 2 from 10 - Colossians and this study also have 3 junior

high school teachers. This study used 5 % of the population of the grade 10 students and junior

high school teachers in Caduang Tete National High School, on which their opinion is the

accurate information that the researchers needed.

Sampling Device

In this study, the sampling equipment that was utilized in this research consisted of a

simple random sample and the fishbowl method. With this sampling technique, every person in

the population has the exact same probability of being chosen (Thomas, L. 2022, December 05).

The Fishbowl Method is used because the overall population is small and each element can be

given a unique number using separate slips of paper. These slips are then placed in a fishbowl or

other container, mixed up, and each slip is randomly selected one at a time. The lottery method is

another name for it because it is frequently employed in lotteries.

Data Gathering Procedure

 To the respondents, the researchers will put forward a list of questions. Prior to the

researchers starting their study, a letter will be delivered to the school's principal. These inquiries

are going to be the means of getting the needed information. Since this study is quantitative, the

researchers will be able to acquire data by conducting a survey. To determine who is eligible to

participate as a respondent, this study used the fishbowl method. Because there are only a few

students in the class, this study used the fishbowl method, in which each piece of paper with the

student's number is placed into a fishbowl or other container, shuffled, and then randomly pulled

out one at a time.

Data Processing

The study used the Percentage Formula to solve the data gathered. By dividing the value

by the entire amount and multiplying the result by 100, the percentage may be calculated.

Percent = (Numbers of responses/ Number of Respondents) x 100

 Chapter IV

Results and Discussion

This part of the study will show the tables and figures representing the analyzed data

from the survey conducted.

The profile of the student respondents in terms of age.

 17 years
old
13%

15 years
old
40%

16 years
old
47%

15 years old 16 years old 17 years old

Figure 1.1. Pie Graph

Figure 1.2. The profile of the respondents in terms of gender.

The results indicate that the respondents ages were 15 years old, 16 years old, and 17

years old. 6 of the respondents were 15 years old, which is equivalent to 40% of the graph; 7 of

the respondents were 16 years old, which is equivalent to 47% of the graph; 16-year-old students

are the most common respondents in this study. Two respondents to this study were 17 years old,

which is equivalent to 13%, which means that 17-year-old students were the least common

respondents to this study. This means that most of the respondents to this study were 16-year-old

grade 10 High School students. This also means that the respondents of this study were Gen Z.

According to the majority of sources, Generation Z was born between 1997 and 2010, hence, as

of 2020, its age range was generally between 10 and 23.

 40%

60%

Male Female

Figure 1.2. Pie Graph

Figure 1.2 illustrates that the respondents to this study were 15 10th grade high school

students. There are 6 males, which is equivalent to 40% of the graph; 9 of the respondents to this

study were female, which is equivalent to 60% of the graph. This means that in this study, there

are more female respondents than male respondents.

Figure 2.1. Analysis if student still practice “pagmamano” as a sign of respect to the

elders.
 Yes
100%

Yes No

Figure 2.1. Pie Graph

As shown on Figure 2.1. Using the Pie Graph, 15 students, which is equivalent to 100%

of respondents in this study, answered "Yes" if they still perform "pagmamano" as a sign of

respect. None of the respondents, which is equivalent to 0% of the students, answered "No"

because they still practice "pagmamano" as a sign of respect to their elders. The students at

Caduang Tete National High School still practice "pagmamano" with their elders as a sign of

respect. Just like the study from Saint Francis of Assisi College (2023). Based on the Saint

Francis of Assisi College article, "pagmamano" is used as an honoring gesture to show respect to

their elders. "Pagmamano" is still practiced by their students in the school because it is

customarily practiced by the Anthonians to the management, the teachers, and the staff.
 Figure 2.2. How often does student practice “pagmamano”?

Figure 2.2. Histogram

Figure 2.2. shows how often students practice "pagmamano" with their elders. 14

respondents, which is equivalent to 93%, answered "Every time I see them", which means

students perform "pagmamano" every time they see their elders. 1 respondent, which is

equivalent to 7%, answered "Every family gathering only", which means they only perform

"pagmamano" when they see their elder on every occasion that their family attends. No one

answered "Every Christmas only" which means they constantly perform "pagmamano".

Table 1. Analysis about to whom does students perform “pagmamano”.

 This Table shows to whom students perform the "pagmamano". Based on the Table, 12

answers, which is equivalent to 25% of the responses, are "Parents". 10 answers, which is

equivalent to 21% of the responses, are "teachers," which is the lowest answer in this question.

14 answers, which is equivalent to 29% of the response, are "elders," and this is the most

frequent answer in this question. 12 answers, which is equivalent to 25% of the response, are

"Godfather or Godmother.

Students performed “pagmamano”

to: Number of Percentage

Responses (%)

Parents

12 25%

Teachers

10 21%

Elders

14 29%

Godfather/Godmother

12 25%
 Table 1

Figure 3. Study about the relevance of “pagmamano” in today’s society.

100%

Yes No

Figure 3. Pie Graph.

According to Figure 3, In the pie graph, 15 respondents, which is equivalent to 100%,

answered "yes" to "Is "pagmamano" still relevant in today’s society?", It shows that the

respondents from Caduang Tete National High School students believed that the practice of

"pagmamano" is still relevant in society.

Table 2. “Pagmamano” should be encouraged as a respectful gesture towards elders.

This Table shows if the students of Caduang Tete National High School believe that

"pagmamano" should be encouraged as a respectful gesture toward elders. 13 responses, which is

equivalent to 86%, are "Strongly Agree", which means that they really believe that

"pagmamano" should be encouraged as a respectful gesture towards elders. 1 of the responses,

which is equivalent to 7%, is Agree," which means the respondent believed that "pagmamano"
should be encouraged as a respectful gesture towards elders. 1 response, which is equivalent to

7%, is "Neutral", which means that the respondent did not agree but also did not disagree.

“Pagmamano” should be

encouraged as a respectful Number of Percentage (%)

gesture towards elders? Responses

Table
Strongly Agree 13 86%
2
Agree 1 7%

Neutral 1 7% Table

3. Disagree 0 0%

Strongly Disagree 0 0%

Comfortability of the students if their teacher encouraged or required them to perform

“pagmamano” as a sign of respect.

The Table shows if the students of Caduang Tete National High School are comfortable

students if their teacher encourages or requires them to perform "pagmamano" as a sign of

respect. 12 respondents, which is equivalent to 80%, answered "Very Comfortable", which

means that they are very comfortable performing "pagmamano" as a sign of respect. 3

respondents, which is equivalent to 20%, answered "Somewhat comfortable," which shows that

they are comfortable performing "pagmamano" as a sign of respect.

Comfortability of the students if

the teacher encouraged or Number of

required the students to perform Responses Percentage (%)

“pagmamano” as a sign of

respect.

Very comfortable 12 80%

Somewhat comfortable 3 20%

Neutral 0 0%

Somewhat uncomfortable 0 0%

Very uncomfortable 0 0%

Table 3
 Figure 4. Study about the relevance of “pagmamano” in today’s society.

This Pie Chart shows the age of the teacher respondents. There is one respondent who is

43 years old, which is equivalent to 34%; 43 years old is also the oldest respondent in this study.

One respondent is 36 years old, which is equivalent to 33%, and the other respondent is 30 years

old, which is equivalent to 33%. The 30-year-old is also the youngest Junior High School teacher

who responded to this study.

30 years 43 years
old old

36 years old

Figure 4. Pie Graph

Figure 5. The profile of the teacher respondents in terms of gender.

This Pie Chart shows the profile of the teacher in terms of gender. Among the 3 Junior

High school teacher respondents, 2 of them are female, which is equivalent to 67%. This means

that female respondents are the most common respondents in the teacher questionnaire. One of

them is male, which is equivalent to 33%. The male respondent is the least common respondent

on this study.
 Male
33%

Female
67%

Male Female

Figure 5. Pie Chart

Figure 6. Study about students performing “pagmamano” to the students.

This Pie Chart shows if the students still perform "pagmamano’ to the teachers. In this

study, there were 3 junior high school teachers who responded to the questionnaire. Three of the

junior high school teachers answered "Yes", which means that the students of Caduang Tete

National High School still perform "pagmamano" to the teachers. This shows that "pagmamano"

has a significant effect on intergenerational relationships among Filipinos.

 Yes

Yes No

Figure 6. Pie Chart

Table 4. Study if the practice of “pagamano” should be incorporated into formal

school setting as a part of Filipino culture.

This table shows the thoughts of the teachers of Junior High School on whether

"pagmamano" should be incorporated into a formal school setting as a part of Filipino cultural

traditions. The table shows that three of the respondents answered "Yes, definitely," which is

equivalent to 100%. This means that the teachers of Junior High School at Cadunag Tete

National High School agreed that "pagmamano" should be incorporated into the formal school

setting as a part of Filipino cultural traditions.

In this study, the researchers also ask a follow-up question, "Why?" to support their

answers in Table 4. According to Marianne Pagtalunan, 43 years old, who answered "Yes,

definitely", she said that "pagmamano" is a part of Filipino culture and should be passed on to

the next generation. Marchie Galang answered "Yes, definitely" and said "Yes because

"pagmamano" is a form of positive values and tradition". Jainey Sunga answered "Yes,

definitely" and said "pagmamano" is part of our culture as Filipinos. The 3 respondents answers
are almost the same, which is yes, because "pagmamano" is part of our Filipino culture that

needs to be passed on and is a form of positive Filipino value.

Study if the practice of

“pagamano” should be

incorporated into formal Number Percentage

school setting as a part of of

Filipino culture. Responses (%)

Yes, definitely 3 100%

Yes, to some extent 0 0%

It’s optional 0 0%

0
 No, not necessary 0%

No, not necessary 0 0%

Table 4

Chapter V.

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter provides a conclusion and recommendation developed by the researchers of

this study.

Summary

Filipino values are shared presumptions and beliefs that shape their reactions to

information, events, and circumstances. The "Pagmamano" is an honored gesture used to show

respect to elders and request a blessing from them. This study aims to determine if Filipinos still

practice "pagmamano" to the elders, which is an "honoring gesture" used in Filipino culture to

show respect for elders and ask for their blessing. Intergenerationality is the interaction of people

from several generations; hospitality is the receiving and amusing of visitors; humanitarianism is

helping those in need; cognitive processing is the mental operations the brain uses to process

information; Gen Z starts in 1997 and finishes in 2010; Gen Y is born after Generation X but

before Generation Z; and a generational gap is a difference of opinion between one generation

and another regarding beliefs, politics, or values. This study will help the student revisit respect
for elders and their knowledge through learning the practice of "pagmamano". This study will

also benefit the parents and elders because this research can help the parents continue the

practice of "pagmamano" to future generations by teaching the young generation to practice

"pagmamano".

Summary of Findings

This study aimed to determine the impact of the practice of “pagmamano” on

intergenerational relationship between Filipino people.

Specially, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the student in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Generation (Boomer, Millennial, Gen Z, Gen Y, or Others)

2. How does the traditional Filipino practice of “pagmamano” influence and shape

intergenerational relationships among other people?

3. Does the practice of “pagmamano” has a significant effect on the relationship of

Filipino families.

This study used 5% of the whole grade 10 students of Caduang Tete National High

school, 282 students which is equivalent to 15 respondents. 1 student respondents each from 10 -

Leviticus, Chronicles, and Exodus, 2 from 10 - Thessalonians, 2 from 10 - Romans, 2 from 10 -

Corinthians, 2 from 10 - Ephesians, 2 from 10 - Genesis, 2 from 10 – Colossians. This study also
conducted a survey to the Junior High School teachers, 5% of the population of the Junior High

school teachers, 51 teachers which is equivalent to 3 respondents. The collected data were then

arranged and analyzed.

Findings

From the data gathered and analyzed, the following are the findings we acquire:

1. All of the student-respondents were still practicing and performing “pagmamano" to their

elders as a sign of respect every time they see them.

2 The respondents performed “pagmamano” as a sign of gratitude and respect mostly to their

elders followed by parents, godfather/mother, and teacher.

3."Pagmamano" is still relevant in today's society because the students still perform

“pagmamano” as a form of gratitude and respect to their elders.

4."Pagmamano" is an encouraging and respectful gesture to elders, this also shows how the

person respect the other people who were older than them.

5. Respondents was comfortable even when the teacher encouraged or required them to perform

“pagmamano” towards to them.

6. All teacher-respondents still received respect to the student by practicing “pagmamano”.

7. The majority of the junior high school teacher-respondents thinks that “pagmamano” should

be incorporated into formal school settings as a part of Filipino cultural traditions.

Conclusion

From the given findings, the corresponding conclusions are outlined below:

1. Grade 10 students still practice the “pagmamano” to show their respect and gratitude every

time they see their elders, parents, godfather/godmother and their teachers.
2. “Pagmamano” is an important culture and value to all Filipinos, it is still relevant in today’s

society because it demonstrates how the person values others who are older than them and is a

supportive and courteous gesture to seniors.

3. Even when the teacher expected or encouraged them to show "pagmamano" toward them, the

students felt at ease. Junior high school teachers agreed that students still performed

“pagmamano” on them.

4. As a part of Filipino cultural traditions, "pagmamano" should be introduced into official

classroom settings, according to the majority of junior high school teacher responders.

Recommendation

The following recommendation were made in light of the data and conclusions presented:

1. The students must learn and continue to practice the “pagmamano” to express respect towards

their elders, teachers, and authority figures in a meaningful and tangible way.

2.Parents and elders should take the lead in practicing “pagmamano” and demonstrating its

importance to their children and younger family members. 3.Pagmamano should be included in

cultural preservation efforts and initiatives to ensure that it remains a part of Filipino culture for

generations to come.

4.The future research should conduct their study ethically and culturally sensitively, with respect

for participants privacy and beliefs, and emphasize the importance of preserving cultural

traditions.
Appendices

Appendix A

“Practice of “Pagmamano” and its Impact on

Intergenerational Relationships”

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

 in English 10

Submitted by:

Czyrus Khylle A. Custodio

Aaron C. Laus

Juven Jhared SD. Manabat

Michelle Ann M. Tumang

Lyka M. Sunga

Anjo Y. Manabat

SY: 2022-2023

Appendix B

Request for Permission to Conduct Research on Grade 10 Students and Teachers

May 29, 2023

Dear Sir Ritchie C. Lapuz,

We are writing to request your permission to conduct a survey among the teachers and
Grade 10 students in our school, Caduang Tete National High School, as part of our research
project under the supervision of Mrs. Catheryn Reyes. The purpose of our survey is to gather
information about our research entitled "Practice of "Pagmamano" and Its Impact on
Intergenerational Relationships", and we believe that Caduang Tete National High School would
be an ideal location to carry out this research.

We assure you that the research will be conducted in a professional and ethical manner
and will not cause any disruption to the school's routine activities. We will ensure that all
teachers and other staff members are treated with respect and privacy.

We understand that you are extremely busy, but we would greatly appreciate it if you
could take the time to review and sign the attached consent form. Your approval to conduct our
survey will be greatly appreciated.

Sincerely yours,

Czyrus Khylle A. Custodio Aaron C. Laus Juven Jhared S. Manabat

Student Researcher Student Researcher Student Researcher

Anjo Y. Manabat Lyka M. Sunga Michelle Anne M. Tumang

Mrs. Catheryn E. Reyes Sir Ritchie C. Lapuz

Research Teacher Principal I

Appendix C

Name (optional):_________________________ Section

(optional):____________
Age:____ Sex: Male
Female
Direction: Read the following questions and put a check in the box of your chosen answer.
1. Have you ever practiced "pagmamano" as a form of respect towards your Elders?
Yes Never

If yes, how often?

Every time I see them Every family gathering only Every Christmas only
Others:

2. To whom do you use the manner of “Pagmamano”? Check all that apply:
Parents Teachers Elders Godfather/ Godmother
Others:

3. Do you think “Pagmamano” is still relevant in today's society?

Yes No

4. Do you believe that "pagmamano" should be encouraged as a respectful gesture towards

Elders?
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

5. How comfortable would you feel if your teacher encouraged or required the students to
perform "pagmamano" as a sign of respect?

Very comfortable Somewhat comfortable Neutral

Somewhat uncomfortable Very uncomfortable

Appendix D

Name (optional):__________________________

Age:____

Sex: Male Female

Direction: Read the following questions and put a check in the box of your chosen answer.

1. Do students still perform “pagmamano” to the teachers?

Yes

No

2. Should "pagmamano" be incorporated into formal school settings as a part of Filipino cultural

traditions?

Yes, definitely

Yes, to some extent

It's optional

No, not necessary

No, it's outdated

Why?

Answer:

Appendix E

Table of Contents

Title Page

Abstract
Acknowledgement

Dedication

Table of Contents

Chapter I - The Background and Identified Problem

Introduction

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Conceptual Framework

Assumption

Hypothesis

Definition of Terms

Chapter II - Review of Related Literature

Related Literature

Foreign

Local

Related Studies

Local
Chapter III

Research Design

Respondent of the Study

Sampling Device

Research Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

Data Processing

Chapter IV - Results and Discussions

Result

Discussion

Chapter V - Conclusion and Recommendation

Summary

Summary of Findings

Findings

Conclusion

Recommendation

Appendices

Appendix A. Tittle Page

 Appendix B. Consent form

Appendix C. Questionnaire for Students

Appendix D. Questionnaire for Teachers

Appendix E. Table of Content

Appendix F. List of Table Titles

Appendix G. List of Figure Titles

Appendix H. Definition of Terms

Appendix I. Tables

Appendix J. Figures

Appendix K. Reference List

Appendix F

List of Tables

Tables

1 Analysis about to whom does

 students perform “pagmamano”.

2 “Pagmamano” should be encouraged

as a respectful gesture towards elders.

3 Comfortability of the students if their

teacher encouraged or required them to

perform “pagmamano” as a sign of respect.

4 Study if the practice of “pagamano” should

be incorporated into formal school setting as

a part of Filipino culture.

Appendix G

List of Figures

Figures

1.1 The profile of the student respondents

 in terms of age.

1.2 The profile of the respondents in terms

of gender.

2.1` Analysis if student still practice “pagmamano”

as a sign of respect to the elders.

2.2 How often does student practice “pagmamano”?

3 Study about the relevance of “pagmamano” in

today’s society.

4 Study about the relevance of “pagmamano”

in today’s society.

5 The profile of the teacher respondents in terms

of gender.

6 Study about students performing “pagmamano”

to the students.

Appendix H

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined in order to emphasize the study's main objective.
Boomer. Those who were born in the two decades following World War II are referred to as

boomers.

Cognitive Process. The mental operations the brain uses to process information.

Fishbowl Method. If the population as a whole is small, it is possible to number each

component separately using slips of paper, place them in a fishbowl or other container, shuffle

them, and then randomly select each slip one at a time.

Generational Gap. A generation gap or generational gap is a difference of opinions between

one generation and another regarding beliefs, politics, or values.

Gen Y. Persons born after Generation X but before Generation Z are categorized

demographically.

Gen Z. Gen Z starts in about 1997 and finishes in about 2010.

Humanitarian. Helping those in need and saving lives everywhere in the world is what it means

to be a humanitarian.

Hospitality. Being hospitable entails receiving and amusing visitors in a way that makes them

feel well cared for. To give guests the finest experience possible, it makes use of the ambiance,

service, and goods.

Intergenerational. Intergenerationality is the interaction of people from several generations.

Pagmamano. Mano or “pagmamano” is an "honouring gesture" used in Filipino culture to show

respect for elders and to ask for their blessing. This is done by gently striking the elder's right

hand to the young's forehead.

Students performed “pagmamano”

to: Number of Percentage

Responses (%)

Parents

12 25%

Teachers

10 21%

Elders

14 29%

Godfather/Godmother

12 25%

Table 1
 “Pagmamano” should be encouraged

as a respectful gesture towards Number of Percentage (%)

elders? Responses

Strongly Agree 13 86%

Agree 1 7%

Neutral 1 7%

Disagree 0 0%

Strongly Disagree 0 0%

Table 2
 Appendix I

Tables

Comfortability of the students if the

teacher encouraged or required the Number of

students to perform “pagmamano” as a Responses Percentage (%)

sign of respect.

Very comfortable 12 80%

Somewhat comfortable 3 20%

Neutral 0 0%

Somewhat uncomfortable 0 0%

Very uncomfortable 0 0%

Table 3
 Study if the practice of

“pagamano” should be

incorporated into formal Number Percentage

school setting as a part of of

Filipino culture. Responses (%)

Yes, definitely 3 100%

Yes, to some extent 0 0%

It’s optional 0 0%

No, not necessary 0 0%

No, not necessary 0 0%

Table 4
 Appendix J

Figures

17 years
old
13%

15 years
old
40%

16 years
old
47%

15 years old 16 years old 17 years old

Figure 1.1. Pie Graph

40%

60%

Male Female

Figure 1.2. Pie Graph

 Yes
100%

Yes No

Figure 2.1. Pie Graph

Figure 2.2.
 100%

Yes No

Figure 3. Pie Graph.

30 years 43 years
old old

36 years old

Figu

re 4. Pie Graph Figure

 Male
33%

Female
67%

Male Female

Figure 5. Pie Chart

Yes

Yes No

Figure 6. Pie Chart

 Appendix K

Reference List

Grace (2018) "Mano or Pagmamano" The Filipino Gesture of Showing Respect to

Elders.https://steemit.com/culture/@grace44/mano-or-pagmamano-the-filipino-gesture-of-

showing-respect-to-elders?fbclid=IwAR2ulKSs-e_ccvWrQ6T4MKen9TkFQ01tABS-

wJjIjTr3xI61sadw5dS8m98

Saint Francis of Assisi College (2023) “Pagmamano” Still Lives Within the SFAC

System.https://stfrancis.edu.ph/pagmamano-still-lives-within-the-sfac-system/?

fbclid=IwAR1Z6Wuff7AazWe-F_Gl60Ts4pmcAyWBSF6OLLb_bbSv_fezNAaMFaA6ryg

Abalos E. (2019) Mano or pagmamano - an “honoring gesture” in Filipino culture.

https://vovworld.vn/en-US/cultural-rendezvous/mano-or-pagmamano-an-honoring-gesture-in-

filipino-culture-800534.vov

Tsinelaslife (2023) UNDERSTANDING PAGMAMANO: A GUIDE TO FILIPINO

TRADITION. https://tsinelaslife.com/understandingpagmamano/?

fbclid=IwAR2j9IPNqCMbkOvdBU6HN49yK5mN2vzNtMCdwShosnTs_ndwOEE6UDCxYjI

Humangnan C. (2016) Culture in Everyday Life Culture in Everyday Life. (2016, Oct 16).

Retrieved from http://studymoose.com/culture-in-everyday-life-essay