MECHANICAL BOLT TORQUE TABLE
Grade 4.6
Tensile Strength 400 MPa
Yield Strength 240 MPa
Proof Strength 225 MPa
Grade 8.8
Tensile Strength 830 MPa
Yield Strength 660 MPa
Proof Strength 600 MPa
Metric Bolts (AS 1110, 1111 & 1252)
The bolts shall be tightened by torque control, using the specified lubricant in accordance with the following procedure;
1.1 Lubrication - Before assembly, the bolt and nut threads shall be lubricated with nickel based anti seize.
1.2 Assembly - After assembly, the bolt and nuts in the joint shall be tightened evenly to a snug tight condition.
1.3 Tightening - Each nut shall be tightened with a continuous smooth action using a calibrated torque device set to the
appropriate assembly torque. This assembly torque is designed to achieve a preloading in the bolt experessed in
percentage of the bolt proof strength.
Bolt Grade > 4.6 8.8
Bolt Size
Torque Nm Torque Nm
- Preferred threads
M 90% of Proof 90% of Proof
5 2.2 5.7
6 3.7 9.8
8 8.9 24
10 18 47
12 31 82
16 76 203
20 149 397
24 257 685
30 511 1362
36 893 2382
42 1430 3813
48 2148 5728
56 3453 9208
64 5202 13872
Notes:
1. Table not to be used for structural steel erection or piping connections, or when specific torques
are given in the IOM.
2. For bolt sizes outside of the above table consult the engineer.
3. Torque values are based on a K factor = 0.15 for a galvanised bolt and nut lubricated with nickel based anti seize and
calculated for 90% of the Proof strength.
Bolt size (Metric series) M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24 M30 M36 M42
Nominal diameter Dn, mm 5 6 8 10 12 16 20 24 30 36 42
Pitch of thread, mm 0.8 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Minor diameter Dm, mm 4.02 4.77 6.47 8.16 9.85 13.55 16.93 20.32 25.71 31.09 36.48
Tensile Stress diameter, Dts, mm 4.25 5.06 6.83 8.59 10.36 14.12 17.65 21.19 26.72 32.25 37.78
Pitch diameter, dp, mm 4.48 5.35 7.19 9.03 10.86 14.70 18.38 22.05 27.73 33.40 39.08
Shear stress diameter shank in shear 4.52 5.52 7.42 9.42 11.30 15.30 19.16 23.16 29.16 35.00 41.00
Shear stress diameter threads in shear 4.25 5.06 6.83 8.59 10.36 14.12 17.65 21.19 26.72 32.25 37.78
Tensile Area, At, mm2 14.18 20.12 36.61 57.99 84.27 156.67 244.79 352.50 560.59 816.72 1120.91
Preload for a re-useable connection gr4.6, Fi, N 2393 3396 6178 9786 14220 26438 41309 59485 94599 137822 189154
Preload for a permanent connection gr4.6, Fi, N 2872 4075 7413 11743 17064 31725 49571 71382 113519 165386 226984
Preload for a re-useable connection gr8.8, Fi, N 6382 9056 16474 26095 37920 70501 110157 158627 252264 367525 504409
Preload for a permanent connection gr8.8, Fi, N 7659 10867 19769 31314 45504 84601 132189 190352 302717 441030 605291
Torque for a re-useable connection gr4.6, T Nm 1.8 3.1 7.4 14.7 25.6 63.5 123.9 214.1 425.7 744.2 1191.7
Torque for a permanent connection gr4.6, T Nm 2.2 3.7 8.9 17.6 30.7 76.1 148.7 257.0 510.8 893.1 1430.0
Torque for a re-useable connection gr8.8, T Nm 4.8 8.1 19.8 39.1 68.3 169.2 330.5 571.1 1135.2 1984.6 3177.8
Torque for a permanent connection gr8.8, T Nm 5.7 9.8 23.7 47.0 81.9 203.0 396.6 685.3 1362.2 2381.6 3813.3
Variable, K
lubricated molybdenum grease 0.15
Proof Strength, gr4.6 225 MPa
Proof Strength, gr8.8 600 MPa
M48 M56 M64 Notes
48 56 64
5 5.5 6
41.87 49.25 56.64 source: ISO 898-1, ASME B1.1
43.31 50.84 58.37 source: ISO 898-1
44.75 52.43 60.10 source: ISO 724
47.00 54.80 62.80 source: AS 1110, 1111, 1252 - ds min
43.31 50.84 58.37 Use Dts
1473.15 2030.02 2675.97 average of minor and pitch diameters
248594 342565 451570 0.75*At*Proof Strength
298313 411079 541885 0.9*At*Proof Strength
662917 913508 1204188 0.75*At*Proof Strength
795501 1096210 1445025 0.9*At*Proof Strength
1789.9 2877.6 4335.1 K*Fi*Dn
2147.9 3453.1 5202.1 K*Fi*Dn
4773.0 7673.5 11560.2 K*Fi*Dn
5727.6 9208.2 13872.2 K*Fi*Dn
Torque and Tension in Bolts
Bolts, one of the most widely used fasteners in the industry, is usually tightened by applying torque to the head and/or nut. As the bolt is
tightened, it is stretched (preloaded). Preload tension is necessary to keep the bolt tight, increase join strength, create friction between parts,
and improve fatigue resistance. The recommended preload force Fi is
For reusable connections:
For permanent connections:
where At is the tensile area of the bolt and Sp is the proof strength of the bolt. Although the above formulae look rather straightforward, the
preload tension Fi is not easy to measure or control. A common practice is to relate the preload tension Fi to a quantity that is easier to
measure, the applied torque T. This torque, usually achieved by a torque wrench, the turn-of-nut, or an indicating washer, is
where d is the nominal outside diameter of the bolt and K is the correction factor that depends on the material, size, surface friction, and
threading of the bolt. For most small to mid size bolts, K is between 0.15 and 0.3.
As a rough approximation:
dry (un-lubricated) mid-size steel bolts:
non-plated black finish:
zinc-plated:
cadmium-plated:
lubricated:
A more complicated torque formula is given as
where P is the lead (pitch) of the thread, Db is the average mean diameter of the bolt, Dn is the average mean diameter of the nut,
k is the coefficient of friction, and
is one half of the thread angle (usually 30°). This formula, although more complete, is seldom used, for the large errors (sometimes as much
as 25%) involved in torque wrench readout usually renders using a more accurate formula pointless.
Other useful links;
http://euler9.tripod.com/bolt-database/23.html
http://www.efunda.com/designstandards/screws/fasteners_intro.cfm
http://www.lifetime-reliability.com/free-articles/precision-maintenance/Summary_of_Bolt_Tensioning.pdf
ndustry, is usually tightened by applying torque to the head and/or nut. As the bolt is
on is necessary to keep the bolt tight, increase join strength, create friction between parts,
preload force Fi is
proof strength of the bolt. Although the above formulae look rather straightforward, the
. A common practice is to relate the preload tension Fi to a quantity that is easier to
achieved by a torque wrench, the turn-of-nut, or an indicating washer, is
and K is the correction factor that depends on the material, size, surface friction, and
ts, K is between 0.15 and 0.3.
K = 0.2
K = 0.3
K = 0.2
K = 0.16
K = 0.15 ~ 0.18
verage mean diameter of the bolt, Dn is the average mean diameter of the nut,
formula, although more complete, is seldom used, for the large errors (sometimes as much
renders using a more accurate formula pointless.
teners_intro.cfm
sion-maintenance/Summary_of_Bolt_Tensioning.pdf
