EET-128 Assignment
Student : Kugaraj Ravishankar 301184311
Date : 08/04/2023
Complete the following questions MUST SHOW ALL CALCULATIONS
Total Marks: 15
1. A series RL circuit is connected to a 240 V single-phase power line with a frequency
of 60 Hz. An ammeter indicates a current flow of 12 A and a wattmeter indicates a true
power of 1750 W. Calculate: (3 marks).
a. The existing power factor of the circuit.
P = VI cos Ф ; Power factor = cos Ф = P/ VI
cos Ф ; = 1750W / 240V* 12A =0.607
Cos = 0.61 = 52.4
b. The amount of capacitance required to correct the power factor to 95%
PF2 = 0.95 => PF2 = 0.95, Ф2 = 18 x 1,9o
cos=18.19
Q = P [ tan Ф1 – tan Ф2 ] ; Q = 1750W [ tan () – tan (18.19o) ] =
Q = 1750W [1.08-0.33] = 1697.5VAR
Xc = 1/ 2πfC ; Q = Vpn2 (2πfC)
C= Q/ (Vpn2) (2πf) = 1697.5/ (2402) x (2π x 60) = 78.2μ
c. Draw the power triangle for the corrected power factor.
C=56.29μF;PF2=0.95;
Q = 1222.5 VAR; S2 =1750 + j1222.5 = 1750 + j539
S = √ (17502) + (5392) = 3062,500+ 290,521
1831.12VA
2. The no-load secondary voltage of a transformer is 240 V. A tap-changing device
is set to
operate when the percentage regulation is 2.5 %. Determine the load voltage at
which the
mechanism operates. (3 marks).
25%
240V loaded voltage/240v *100%
Loaded voltage 250-2.5/100*240
240V-6V
234V
3. A 240 V, 1750 RPM shunt motor has a nominal armature current of 55 A. If the
armature resistance is 0.16 Ω calculate the following:(5 marks)
a. The CEMF (V)
Eo =V–IaxRa=240V–(55Ax0.16Ω)= 231.28V
b. The power supplied to the armature (W)
Pa = I2 x R = 55A2 x 0.16Ω = 484W
P=VxIa =240Vx55A=13200W
c. The mechanical power developed by the motor (HP)
P = Eo x Ia = 230.48V x 55A = 12676.4W = 1704 Hp 746=1 hp
d. The torque developed by the motor in N-m and in lb-ft.
(Eo xIax60)/(2πxRPM)=(231.2Vx55Ax60)/(2πx1750RPM)=767960/10495.6=69.38Nm
64.38*0.77376= 53681b-ft
e. The initial starting current if the motor is directly connected to the 240V line.
E=0;I=(V–E)/Ra =240–0/0.16Ω=1500A
4. Explain the techniques used in the manufacturing of Power High voltage transformers
that help reduce Carbon emissions. List (minimum 2) companies that use these
techniques. Briefly explain their product line. (4 marks)
While CO2 emissions emerge as a rapidly growing global concern, electrical efficiency
is becoming a more important performance factor in the specification and selection of
distribution transformers.
Two issues are now conspiring to move efficiency to the forefront in transformer
evaluation: 1 a focus on total cost of ownership TCO over the lifetime of the system, and
public and private environmental initiatives, as exemplified by European Union’s
enforcement of its Eco-design Directive.
On the TCO side, three subtle but significant factors can affect an organization’s cost of
operating a distribution transformer: purchasing cost, efficiency loss, and CO2
emissions. Those who specify these systems need to recognize these three factors. If
not, an owner will experience increased costs because operational efficiencies are not
correctly considered.
On the government regulation side, as a result of recently announced government
mandates, owners / users of transformers need to fulfill eco-design requirements as of
the 1st of July 2015. Specifically they need to place into service more efficient power
transformers to support their electricity transmission and distribution networks and their
industrial applications.
Fortunately, today it is possible to install low loss transformers in distribution networks
and
within industrial applications. New generations of amorphous transformers with
significant improvements in efficiency increase the options available for consumers of
distribution transformer technologies. Amorphous technology makes it possible to halve
efficiency losses. In addition to reducing CO2 emissions, these new technologies
reduce operational costs.
This paper reviews how to select the proper transformers for electrical utility distribution
networks, photovoltaic and wind applications, and industrial applications for rated power
not exceeding 3150 kVA and highest voltage not exceeding 36 kV. The selection
procedure takes into account purchasing cost, losses, the cost of CO2 emissions, and
the amorphous technology. Ramifications of the European Union’s Eco-design Directive
are also discussed Issue: Inefficient transformer installed base
The benefit resulting from more efficient transformer designs has been estimated to be
about 16 TWh per year by 2025.1 This corresponds to 8 MtCO2 /year emissions. The
installed base of European distribution and power transformers is estimated to be
around 5 million units. Distribution transformers have the second highest potential for
energy efficiency improvement.
Strategy: Reduction of costs and losses via technology upgrades
When comparing both transformers and overhead lines and cables, transformers are
easier and less costly to replace. Modern transformer technology will significantly
reduce existing transformer losses.
Within the realm of transformers, two types of losses exist: iron and copper losses. Iron
losses are independent of the load and are referred to as “no load losses” or “fixed
losses”. Copper losses are dependent of the load and are referred to as “load losses”.
“No load” or “fixed” losses are present as soon as the transformer is energized. “Load
losses” vary according to the load on the transformer.
No companies indicated.
