Coronary Artery Disease Literature Review

Undertaking a literature review on Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) can be an arduous task. It
requires an in-depth understanding of the subject matter, extensive research skills, and the ability to
critically analyze a vast array of academic literature. With the abundance of information available,
navigating through numerous studies, articles, and publications can often feel overwhelming and
time-consuming.

Crafting a comprehensive literature review involves identifying key themes, synthesizing

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There is a general agreement that oxygen sensors typically reside in the cardiac myocytes and, in
minor part, in the VSMCs. The long-term care of these patients involves primary care physicians,
internists, cardiologists, and cardiac surgeons. Bypass surgery, preferably MIDCAB, is therefore the
procedure of choice after unsuccessful PCI or re-stenosis of proximal LAD stenoses ( e2 ). Excess
cholesterol and fat in the blood can damage the inner lining of the arteries. It is characterized by a
build-up of plaque inside the arteries. During reperfusion, the use of exenatide, an incretin mimetic,
or glucose-insulin-potassium, together with remote ischemic conditioning, is associated with infarct
size reduction. Together with lifestyle changes and medical therapy, these treatments reduce
morbidity and mortality and improve quality of life. This communication breakdown was particularly
problematic at the time of transfer from secondary to primary care. Translated from the original
German by David Roseveare. The significance of coronary spasm has been demonstrated in other
clinical scenarios with an involvement of the coronary microcirculation. Narrowing of the aorta is a
serious condition that can cause low energy, chest pain, and even loss of consciousness. Origin of the
right coronary artery from the descending thoracic aorta: angiographic diagnosis and unique coronary
artery anatomy at autopsy. It is sometimes called coronary heart disease or ischemic heart. Although
survival after bypass may be better when an IM graft is used, it is prone to atrophy due to
competitive flow within the native vessel. The first page of the PDF of this article appears above.
There was no improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction on the follow-up echocardiogram.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI). Stress: Stress produces a number of
hormones that can increase burden on the heart, as well as cause damage to the blood vessels.
Plasma circulating virus and immune dysregulation are associated with CVD. CAD develops as a
slow process in which the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become narrow, stiff, and
diseased on the inside. Moreover, local inflammation produces some proteolytic enzymes making the
atherosclerotic cap prone to rupture. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-
reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. This synthesis conceptualizes the complex
decision-making processes that patients undergo when deciding whether to continue taking their
medications. However, the consequences of CAD include heart muscle dysfunction and alterations in
heart rhythm. As is demonstrated in Table 3, most themes in this category seem to deter persistence.
A study from Canada identified 182 genetic variants associated with CAD. Simvastatin and niacin,
antioxidant vitamin or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. He was not
hypertensive and four-extremity blood pressures were not significantly different. Journal of
Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM). Beyond macrovascular
complications, diabetes mellitus plays a pivotal role in CMD development.
During this time, he also developed vitiligo of the face. MVI is also associated with local thrombus
formation, which worsens the no reflow condition. It also discusses various risk-stratification scoring
systems, and consider both procedures in the context of different demographic populations,
including advanced age, gender, acute coronary syndromes, previous CABG, renal failure, diabetes
mellitus and left main involvement. If one or more coronary arteries are partially blocked, the areas
of the heart muscle supplied by those arteries show up on the image as dark spots. The burning pain
of GERD tends to worsen with lying down and is not closely associated with stress and physical
exertion the way symptoms of CAD are. Relationships with prescribing clinicians are of critical
importance for patients, with inaccessibility and insensitive terminology negatively affecting
patients’ perceptions about treatments. Web coronary artery disease (cad) involves impairment of
blood flow through the coronary arteries, most commonly by atheromas. Isolated single coronary
artery: diagnosis, angiographic classification, and clinical significance. Radiology. 1979;130:39-47.
He had a history of night sweats with muscle aches for a period of 4 weeks. Those patients with
coronary artery involvement also had a longer disease duration compared to those without. Calcium
scans are emerging as a useful way of detecting the presence of even small amounts of CAD.
Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of premature discontinuation of thienopyridine therapy after
drug-eluting stent placement: results from the PREMIER registry. It’s made from chains of sugars
and proteins bound together. High blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels can indicate that you
have CAD or are at risk of developing CAD. In this scenario, the increase of myocardial
microvascular resistance and the reduction of myocardial perfusion may provide a
pathophysiological link between microvascular obstruction and cardiac remodeling and death after
AMI and PCI. In the center of the diagram is the key outcome, medication-taking behavior. In such
situations, the right coronary artery (RCA) arises from the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and
traverses an unusual proximal course between the aorta and pulmonary trunk. In the Medicine,
Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS) ( 15 ), the internal thoracic bypass was inserted
conventionally, while in two other studies ( 16, 17 ) a minimally invasive technique was used to
insert the internal thoracic bypass. Primary congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries: a coronary:
arteriographic study. Beyond macrovascular complications, diabetes mellitus plays a pivotal role in
CMD development. These include certain blood tests, blood pressure tests, and EKG. Writing Group
for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Severino P, D'Amato A, Pucci M, Infusino F, Adamo
F, Birtolo LI, Netti L, Montefusco G, Chimenti C, Lavalle C. The SARS-CoV-2 mortality rate seems
higher in patients affected by CVD and hypertension in particular. There is a general agreement that
oxygen sensors typically reside in the cardiac myocytes and, in minor part, in the VSMCs. They can
help give you an idea of your risk through regular physical exams, blood pressure checks, and lab
tests to measure cholesterol levels. Web active learning templates therapeutic procedure a. Your
doctor can distinguish between the conditions with a physical examination and diagnostic tests. In
this report, we describe this rare case with a detailed review of the literature. Long-term outcome
and impact of surgery on adults with coronary arteries originating from the opposite coronary cusp.
Easier and enhanced response to vasoconstrictor agents are due to abundance of thromboxane,
endothelin-1 and ROS compared to endothelial derived hyperpolarizing factors, NO and
prostacyclin. A CT of his chest, abdomen, and pelvis was then obtained, and this revealed concentric
thickening of the aortic arch with severe stenosis (approximately 70%) and diffuse intimal thickening
of the left common carotid artery (LCCA). Patients who were particularly dissatisfied with a lack of
information from clinicians sought to find reassurances elsewhere, including on the Internet. 35.
Previous Article in Journal Spliceosome-Associated microRNAs Signify Breast Cancer Cells and
Portray Potential Novel Nuclear Targets. The same effects were obtained through the use of
recombinant human angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), which contrasts the no reflow
phenomenon and the intra-myocardial hemorrhage. We discussed these tables at a consensus meeting
of the authors, where third-order constructs were developed and an overarching theoretical model
was devised to explain the key concepts across the articles. In addition, doctors can diagnose mild,
early-stage CAD with specialized diagnostic tests, such as an echocardiogram or angiogram. All
articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license.
No special. It can be difficult to know whether your shortness of breath is related to asthma or
CAD. There are many ongoing trials to find an adequate treatment to induce cardioprotection, in
patients with STEMI who undergo PCI. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the
place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech
Industry (JPBI). Higher levels of Escherichia Coli derived endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and
other inflammatory products as CPR, tissue factor, and several cytokines, are present in patients with
STEMI, compared to control group and to stable angina patients. Although the exact mechanisms
underlying autoregulation have not been unequivocally proven, myogenic and metabolic mechanisms
play a key role. At microcirculation, MVI represents the main expression of ischemia reperfusion
damage and it is known as no reflow phenomenon or microvascular obstruction, from the clinical
point of view. The significance of coronary spasm has been demonstrated in other clinical scenarios
with an involvement of the coronary microcirculation. The beta cells in the pancreas cannot produce
enough insulin and glucose (sugar) levels begin to rise higher than normal. All these reactions can
conceivably induce the activation and rupture of plaque, thrombosis, and ischemia. Within each
subgroup, second-order constructs have been arranged according to their impact on medication
persistence: promotion, deterrence, or ambivalence. Included articles were scored as either a key
article (one providing rich data for the synthesis) or a satisfactory article (one providing some
valuable data). They determine cardioprotection and reduce cell death and arrhythmias. Clopidogrel-
taking behavior by drug-eluting stent patients: discontinuers versus continuers. Catabolism of H 2 O
2 by catalase and the blockade of the ionic mechanism, by which H 2 O 2 produces dilation,
attenuate coronary metabolic dilation. It is characterized by a build-up of plaque inside the arteries.
These arteries and veins circulate blood to and from the muscles of the heart. Family history was
unremarkable for any autoimmune or rheumatologic diseases. Rushworth GF, Cunningham S, Mort
A, Rudd I, Leslie SJ. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are
recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. If these
tests indicate CAD, further imaging tests may be necessary. This process is experimental and the
keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.