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Linux

The document provides instructions for various Linux admin commands and concepts. It covers topics like updating software, checking system resources, disk usage and partitions. It also describes Linux file types, directories, permissions, locating files and scripts. Date formatting, grep, tmux and login credentials for accessing a Linux VM are also summarized.

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prasad
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Linux

The document provides instructions for various Linux admin commands and concepts. It covers topics like updating software, checking system resources, disk usage and partitions. It also describes Linux file types, directories, permissions, locating files and scripts. Date formatting, grep, tmux and login credentials for accessing a Linux VM are also summarized.

Uploaded by

prasad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Admin commands

29 April 2023 20:58

1. Update software -> sudo apt-get update


2. sudo apt install build-essential dkms linux-headers-$(uname -r)
3. Putty
a. Clear -> clear the screen
b. Top -> cpu and ram consumption details
c. Df -> details about space and usage
d. Lsblk -> Disk partition details
e. sudo apt-get install -y bsdmainutils
4. Normal users => $ prompt
5. Super user / root / admin users => # prompt
6. / means root directory
7. In Linux everything is treated as a file
8. Linux files are divided into 3 types
a. Normal / ordinary files
b. Directory files
c. Device files
9. Know file type use file <name >
10. Ctrl +alt+t => to open terminal
11. Ctrl+d => to close the terminal
12. File types
First character represents the type of file
D -> directory file
- -> ordinary file
L -> link file
C -> character special file
B -> block special file
S -> socket file
13. Every directory contain two hidden files
a. . Current directory
b. .. Parent directory
14. Cd ~ go to user home directory
15. Cd - :
16. Bin contains binary executables related to commands used by normal user
Sbin contains binary executables related to commands used by super user

17. /etc/password -> contains all password information


18. /etc/group -> contains all group information
19. /etc/hosts -> contains all host information
20. -rwxrwxrwx 1 moksha moksha 39 Apr 30 07:58 cal_date.sh
- File type
- Rwxrwxrwx permissions
- Moksha : user / group name
- Moksha : group name
- 1 number of linked files
- 39 Apr 30 07:58 created / modified name
21. Ls -lt most recent at top and old files are later
22. Ls -ltr old filed should be at top and most recent should at last
23. Ls -tr
24. ls -altr
25. ls -A | wc -l : display number of files
26. Ls -F : to display all files by type
a. Directory /

Linux Page 1
a. Directory /
b. Executable file : *
c. Linked file : @
d. Ls -F /bin : example
27. ls -l /etc | head -20
28. ls -l -d */ -<
29. locate
Locate -n 5 *.conf -> it will display first 5 search results
Locate -I --limit 3 *.conf -> it will display in case sensitive and limit first 3 search results
locate -e *.json
locate --regex -i "(\.mp4|\.avi)"
Updatedb -> to update locate db

30 .vi
Command Insert Text
i before cursor
a after cursor
A at the end of the line
o open a line below the current line
O open a line above the current line
r replace the current character
R replace characters until <ESC>, overwrite

Cat /etc/passwd
Cat /etc/group
Cat /etc/hosts
$# number of arguments
$0 script name (./test.sh)
$1 first argument
$2 second argument
$* all arguments
$@ all arguments
$? Represents exit code of previously executed command or script

Scripts

#! /bin/bash
echo "The Number for arguments : $#"
echo "The Script Name : $0"
echo "The First argument " $1"
echo "All Arguments : $*"
echo "All Arguments with : $@"

Linux Page 2
$@ -> all commands line arguments with space separator
$* -> all commands line arguments with single string default is space

Find length of string

#! /bin/bash
len=$(echo -n "$1" |wc -c)
echo "The length of given string $1 : $len"

Date : date +%d_%B_%Y

• %D – Display date as mm/dd/yy


• %Y – Year (e.g., 2020)
• %m – Month (01-12)
• %B – Long month name (e.g., November)
• %b – Short month name (e.g., Nov)
• %d – Day of month (e.g., 01)
• %j – Day of year (001-366)
• %u – Day of week (1-7)
• %A – Full weekday name (e.g., Friday)
• %a – Short weekday name (e.g., Fri)
• %H – Hour (00-23)
• %I – Hour (01-12)
• %M – Minute (00-59)
• %S – Second (00-60)

Create time based folder and copy

#!bin/bash
timestamp=$(date +%d_%B_%Y)
echo $timestamp
rm -r $timestamp
mkdir $timestamp
cp *.sh $timestamp/

Remove blank lines in file


Linux Page 3
Remove blank lines in file

awk 'NF' file


grep -v -e '^$' abc.txt

Ls [!abc]* -> list all files not start abc


Ls [a-z] * -> list start all lower case
Ls [[:lower:]] *

Grep

==========

egrep 'Apple|Java' abc.txt


egrep -v 'Apple|Java' abc.txt
egrep -v '(Apple|Java)' abc.txt
egrep -i '(apple|Java)' abc.txt
grep -i '^the' abc1.txt -> print lines start with the word
egrep -i '(java|python)' abc1.txt

==========
uname
Uname -a display linux version
Uname -s
Uname -n node name
Uname -o operating system
Uname -r kernal name
Uname -v kernel version
Uname -m machine 64 or 32
Uname -p processor name
Uname -I hardware platform

Uptime

Uptime

Tmux
Linux Page 4
Tmux

tmux new -s Session1


tmux attach -t <name>

1. On the command prompt, type tmux new -s my_session,


2. Run the desired program.
3. Use the key sequence Ctrl-b + d to detach from the session.
4. Reattach to the Tmux session by typing tmux attach-session -t my_session.

Ctrl+b c Create a new window (with shell)


Ctrl+b w Choose window from a list
Ctrl+b 0 Switch to window 0 (by number )
Ctrl+b , Rename the current window
Ctrl+b % Split current pane horizontally into two panes
Ctrl+b " Split current pane vertically into two panes
Ctrl+b o Go to the next pane
Ctrl+b ; Toggle between the current and previous pane
Ctrl+b x Close the current pane

Linux Page 5
Linux Page 6
Login Credentials
04 May 2023 20:52

Moksha

Apple@4321

192.168.1.7

How to connect with Putty to Oracle VM VirtualBox Linux

Linux Page 7

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