Indian Olympiad Qualifier in Junior Science

IOQJS – Part 1 (NSEJS) 2021

Physics Solutions
 This Question Paper has two parts

Part – A1: 1 to 24 MCQs with single correct answer (+3/−𝟏)

Biology: 1 – 8; Chemistry: 9 – 16; Physics: 17 – 24

Part – A2: 25 to 33 MCQs with multi correct answers (+6 / 0 / no partial marking)

Biology: 25 – 27; Chemistry: 28 – 30; Physics: 31 – 33

Duration of the Exam: 74 minutes / Maximum Marks: 126

17. The axes of a coordinate system 𝑆2 are inclined at an angle θ to those of another coordinate system 𝑆1 . The origins of both the
systems are coinciding. A particle 𝑃1 at rest in system 𝑆1 , starts from point (−2, 0) and travels along positive direction of 𝑋1 axis
with uniform acceleration of 1.25 m/s2 for 4 sec and stops. In system 𝑆2 , particle 𝑃2 starts from rest from the origin and travels for
2 sec along positive direction of 𝑋2 axis with uniform acceleration 5 m/s2 and stops. If the final distance between 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 is
6 m, then the angle between +𝑌1 and +𝑋2 axes is

(a) 36.380 (b) 53.20 (c) 106.80 (d) 126.80

Solution:
Initial position of the particle P1: (−2, 0) on 𝑆1
1
Displacement of the particle P1: xf = 2 𝑎𝑡 2 = 0.5 x 1.25 x 16 = 10 m
Final position of the particle P1: (8, 0)

Initial position of the particle P2: (0, 0) on 𝑆2

1
Displacement of the particle P2: xf = 𝑎𝑡 2 = 0.5 x 5 x 4 = 10 m
2
Final position of the particle P2: (10, 0)
Separation between the final positions of the particles: 6 m

6
From the diagram: tan θ = 8 → 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (0.75) = 36.80
The angle between +𝑌1 and +𝑋2 axes = 90 – 36.8 = 53.20

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-1) 2021

 𝑅 3
18. The variation of a certain physical parameter Z with variable 𝑢 is given by the relation Z = 𝐴 , where R and A are
𝑅+𝑢
constants and the maximum value of 𝑢 ≪ 𝑅. Then to find R, a student plots a graph of variation of Z (Y axis) against 𝑢 (X axis).
The graph is a

𝑅 3𝐴 𝑅
(a) straight line passing through origin and slope (b) straight line with intercept and slope −
3 2 3𝐴
𝟑𝑨 𝐴
(c) straight line with intercept A and slope −𝑹 (d) straight line with intercept − 2 and slope −3R

Solution:

𝑅 3 𝑅 + 𝑢 −3 𝑢 −3 𝑢 3𝐴
Variation of Z with variable 𝑢: Z = 𝐴 𝑅+𝑢
= 𝐴 𝑅
= 𝐴 1+𝑅 = 𝐴 1 −3𝑅 = 𝐴 − 𝑅
𝑢

3𝐴
Variation of Z with variable 𝑢: Z = − 𝑢 + 𝐴 (y = −𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝑅

𝟑𝑨
The above equation represents a straight line with negative slope of and positive intercept of A
𝑹

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-1) 2021

19. A submarine 𝑆1 is parked at a depth of 200 m in an ocean on Earth. Assume oceans exist on Mars. At about what depth, a
submarine 𝑆2 has to be parked in an ocean on Mars so that 𝑆2 will experience same pressure as that of 𝑆1 ?
Acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.7 m/s2
[assume that sea water density on Earth and Mars is same: ρ = 1.03 x 103 kg/m3]

(a) 158 m (b) 435 m (c) 530 m (d) 616 m

Solution:
Pressure at certain depth inside a static liquid: P = ℎ𝜌𝑔

Pressure on the submarine 𝑆1 in an ocean on Earth: 𝑃𝑒 = ℎ𝑒 𝜌𝑒 𝑔 = 200ρ (9.81) = 1962 ρ N/m2

Pressure on the submarine 𝑆2 in an ocean on Mars: 𝑃𝑚 = ℎ𝑚 𝜌𝑚 𝑔 = ℎ𝑚 ρ (3.7)

1962
Given: 𝑃𝑒 = 𝑃𝑚 → 1962 ρ = ℎ𝑚 ρ (3.7) → ℎ𝑚 = = 530 m
3.7

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-1) 2021

20. In an oscillating system, damping results in dissipation of the stored energy. The following figure shows the variation of
displacement 𝑥 with time 𝑡 for an oscillating system. Which of the following statements best describes this physical phenomenon

(a) oscillatory motion of an object without damping

(b) oscillatory motion of an object with damping such that time measurement was started when the system was at the mean
position
(c) oscillatory motion of an object with damping with decreasing time period
(d) oscillatory motion of an object with damping such that time measurement was started when the system had maximum
potential energy

Solution:
At t = 0, the particle is at positive extreme position 𝑥 = (+A0)

1 𝟏
Potential energy of the particle: U = 𝑚𝜔2 𝑥 2 = 𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝑨𝟎 𝟐
2 𝟐

From the graph, time period of oscillation of the particle: T = 1 ms

As the amplitude of oscillation is decreasing with every oscillation,

the particle is undergoing damped oscillations

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-1) 2021

21. In the adjacent circuit, the galvanometer G does not show any deflection. If R = 2 Ω, the current drawn from the cell is

9
(a) 1 A (b) 9 A (c) 4 A (d) A
4

Solution:
As the galvanometer is not showing any deflection, the bridge is in balanced condition

𝑅 𝑅𝐴𝐷
Bridge balance conditon in terms of resistances: 𝑅𝐴𝐵 = 𝑅𝐶𝐷
(satisfied)
𝐵𝐶

Effective resistance in the branch ABC: R1 = R + 2R = 3R = 3 x 2 = 6 Ω

Effective resistance in the branch ADC: R2 = R + 2R = 3R = 3 x 2 = 6 Ω

𝑅1 𝑅2 6(6)
Effective resistane of the bridge: r = 𝑅 = 6+6 = 3 Ω
1 + 𝑅2

𝐸 3
Current drawn from the cell: I = =3 =1A
𝑟

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-1) 2021

22. Gear is a mechanical system used to transfer mechanical and rotary motion from one mechanical system to another. As shown
in the figure below, the driving wheel A drives the driven wheel B without slipping and thus forms the gear system. The wheel A
has 16 teeth and B has 24 teeth. Wheel B has a projection (shown by white ring in fig. 1 and also the side view of fig. 2) of radius
14
11
cm. A long massless, inextensible string can be wound / unwound over this circular projection. A mass 𝑚 is attached to the free
1
end of this long string. If the wheel A makes 6 revolutions per second in clockwise direction, without slipping, then in 2 second,
the potential energy of the mass 𝑚 in CGS unit

(a) increases by 32mg (b) decreases by 32mg (c) increases by 16mg (d) decreases by 16mg

Solution:
As there is no slipping between the gears, relative velocity of point of contact is zero: 𝑣𝐴𝐵 = 𝑣𝐴 − 𝑣𝐵 = 0 → 𝑣𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵
Tangential (linear) velocity of a point on the rotating wheel: 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔 = N𝜔 (radius is proportional to number of teeth)
𝑣𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵 → 𝑁𝐴 𝜔𝐴 = 𝑁𝐵 𝜔𝐵 → 16 x 6 = 24 𝜔𝐵 → 𝜔𝐵 = 4 rps = 4 x 2𝜋 = 8𝜋 rad/s
Tangential (linear) velocity of a point on circumference of wheel B:
14 22
𝑣𝐵 = r 𝜔𝐵 = 11 x 8 x 7
= 32 cm/s
1
Displacement of the mass ‘𝑚’ in sec: h = 𝑣𝐵 𝑡 = 32 x 0.5 = 16 cm
2
As the wheel A rotates in clockwise direction, wheel B rotates in anti-clockwise direction.
The potential energy of the mass increases as it moves upward
Increase in potential energy: U = mgh = 16mg

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-1) 2021

23. Canopus is the second brightest star in the night sky. It is about 300 light years away. The energy is produced inside the star
through nuclear reactions. If we receive 5.0 x 10−8 W/m2 energy from Canopus, how much mass does it lose per second?

(a) 1.70 x 10−6 kg (b) 1.91 x 109 kg (c) 5.62 x 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑 kg (d) 6.34 x 1031 kg

Solution:
Distance of the star: d = 300 light years = 300 x 9.46 x 10 15 = 28.38 x 1017 m

Intensity of radiation on the Earth: I = 5.0 x 10−8 W/m2

𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃
Intensity of radiation: I = = → 𝑃 = 𝐼(4𝜋𝑑 2 ) = 5.0 x 10−8
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 4𝜋𝑑 2

Power radiated by the star: P = 𝐼(4𝜋𝑑 2 ) = 5.0 x 10−8 x 4 x 3.14 x 28.38 × 1017 2
= 5.06 x 1030 W

Energy of radiation in 1 sec: E = 𝑃𝑡 = 5.06 x 1030 x 1 = 5.06 x 1030 J

𝐸 5.06 × 1030
Mass lost by the star: m = 2 = = 5.62 x 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑 kg
𝑐 9 × 1016

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-1) 2021

24. An average human adult radiates about 100 W energy mainly in infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. 50 persons
are sitting in a hall with an air conditioning system which is 50% efficient. How much electricity must be used to maintain
temperature of the hall at 25 0C for 4 hours?

(a) 5 units (b) 10 units (c) 20 units (d) 40 units

Solution:
Power radiated by the average human adult: P = 100 W

Number of persons in the hall: n = 50

Total power radiated: 𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = nP = 50 x 100 = 5000 W = 5 kW

Heat energy to be removed from the hall: E = 𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 (𝑡) = 5 x 4 = 20 kWhr = 20 units

Efficiency of the air conditioning system: η = 0.5

20
Quantity of electricity required: ηE = 0.5 = 40 units

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-1) 2021

31. According to Einstein’s theory, light can be assumed to be in the form of a large number of discrete energy packets called
photons. In case of light of frequency ν, each photon carries energy E = hν. In a certain surgical procedure, a surgeon uses LASER
beam of wavelength 650 nm in pulses of 30.0 ms duration. The average power of each pulse is 0.6 W. Here h is Planck’s
constant. Then

(a) the frequency of this LASER photon is 4.6 x 1014 Hz (b) the energy in each pulse is 1.1 x 1017 eV
(c) energy of one photon is 3.1 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 J (d) number of photons in each pulse is 5.9 x 1016
Solution:
(a) Speed of the LASER photon: c = 3 x 108 m/s
Wavelength of the LASER photon: λ = 650 nm
𝑐 3 × 108 3000
Frequency of the LASER photon: ν = = = x 1014 = 4.6 x 1014 Hz
λ 650 × 10−9 650

(b) Average power of each pulse: P = 0.6 W

Duration of the pulse: t = 30 ms
18 × 10−3
Energy in each pulse: E = Pt = 0.6 x 30 x 10−3 = 18 x 10−3 J = 1.6 × 10−19 = 1.1 x 1017 eV

(c) Energy of one photon: 𝐸𝑝ℎ = hν = 6.6 x 10−34 x 4.6 x 1014 = 3.1 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 J

𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝐸 18 × 10−3

(d) Number of photons in each pulse: n = = = = 5.9 x 1016
𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑝ℎ 3.1 × 10−19

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-2) 2021

32. In the following circuit, R1 = 6 Ω, R2 = 12 Ω, V = 16 volt. The currents I1 and I2 flow through the resistances R1 and R2
respectively

𝑰
(a) power generated across R1 is 42.6 watt (b) the ratio of 𝑰𝟏 = 2
𝟐
(c) total current drawn from the cell is 4 ampere (d) as R2 = 2R1, voltage across R2 will be twice the voltage across R1

Solution:
The resistors R1 and R2 are connected in parallel across the battery
𝑅1 𝑅2 6 ×12
Effective resistance of the circuit: R = = =4Ω
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 6 + 12
𝑉 16
(c) Total current drawn from the cell: i = = = 𝟒 ampere
𝑅 4
𝑉 16
Current through the first resistor: I1 = = = 2.67 A
𝑅1 6
𝑉 16
Current through the second resistor: I2 = 𝑅 = 12 =1.34 A
2
𝐼 16/6
(b) Ratio of currents through the resistors: 𝐼1 = 16/12 = 2
2

𝑉2 162
(a) Power generated in first resistor: P1 = 𝑅 = = 42.6 W
1 6
(d) As the resistors are connected in parallel, voltage across them is same irrespective of their values

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-2) 2021

33. A glass plate of uniform thickness 𝑡 and refractive index μ is as shown in the diagram. AB is the incident ray and FG is the
emergent ray. The angles of incidence and refraction are 𝑖 and 𝑟 respectively. The perpendicular distance FC = 𝑥 between the
incident and emergent rays is called the lateral shift. Then

𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓
(a) 𝒙 = 𝒕 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 − (b) 𝒙 depends on refractive index μ
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒓
(c) 𝑥 is independent of the wavelength λ of light (d) maximum value of 𝒙 = 𝒕 when 𝒊 is close to 900

Solution:
𝐵𝐻 𝑡 𝑡
From the triangle BHF: cos r = 𝐵𝐹
= 𝐵𝐹 → 𝐵𝐹 = cos 𝑟 ---- (1)
𝐹𝐶 𝑥 𝑥
From the triangle BFC: sin (i – r) = 𝐵𝐹 = 𝐵𝐹 → 𝐵𝐹 = sin(𝑖−𝑟) ---- (2)
𝑡 𝑥 𝑡 sin(𝑖−𝑟) 𝑡 [sin 𝑖 cos 𝑟 −cos 𝑖 sin 𝑟] 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓
(a) From (1) & (2): = →𝑥= = =𝒕 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 −
cos 𝑟 sin(𝑖−𝑟) cos 𝑟 cos 𝑟 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒓
cos 90 sin 𝑟
(d) Maximum value of 𝑥 (for 𝑖 ≈ 900 ): 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑡 sin 90 − = 𝑡(1 − 0) = 𝒕
cos 𝑟
Snell’s law at point B: 𝜇1 sin 𝜃1 = 𝜇2 sin 𝜃2 → 1 × sin 𝑖 = 𝜇 × sin 𝑟 → sin 𝑖 = 𝜇 sin 𝑟
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑖 = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑖 = 1 − 𝜇2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑟
cos 𝑖 sin 𝑟
(b) Lateral shift: 𝑥 = 𝑡 sin 𝑖 − = 𝑡 𝜇 sin 𝑟 − tan 𝑟 1 − 𝜇2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑟 [𝒙 depends on refractive index μ]
cos 𝑟

𝐵
(c) refractive index of a medium: 𝜇 = 𝐴 + λ2 [𝑥 is dependent of the wavelength λ of light]

Kalyan's Physics Challenge / IOQJS (Part A-2) 2021