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Kinetic Theory of Gases Worked Examples

This document contains solved example problems related to the kinetic theory of gases from a 11th grade physics textbook. It includes 10 numerical problems covering concepts like root mean square speed, average speed, pressure of gases, and mean free path. It also provides solved examples explaining concepts such as the internal energy of gases, kinetic energy per molecule, and the adiabatic exponent for gas mixtures. The document aims to help students understand and apply key concepts from the kinetic theory of gases.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

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Kinetic Theory of Gases Worked Examples

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kiwandaemmanuel21

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Chapter: 11th Physics : UNIT 9 : Kinetic Theory of Gases

Solved Example Problems for Physics: Kinetic Theory

of Gases
Book Back Numerical Problems, Book Back Conceptual Questions, Solved
Example Problems for Physics - Physics : Kinetic Theory of Gases

Numerical Problems
1. A fresh air is composed of nitrogen N2(78%) and oxygen O2(21%). Find
the rms speed of N2 and O2 at 20°C.

Solution:
For Nitrogen,
Molar mass m = 0.0280 kg/mol
Temperature T = 20°C = 20 + 273 = 293K

Ans: For vrms = 511 m s-1

For O2vrms = 478 m s-1

2. If the rms speed of methane gas in the Jupiter’s atmosphere is 471.8 m s-1,
show that the surface temperature of Jupiter is sub-zero.

Solution:
RMS speed of methane gas = 471.8 ms-1 =Vrms
Sub-zero temperature Molar mass of methane gas
= 16.04 × 10-3 kg mol-1
Surface temperature of Jupiter T = ?
Gas constant R =8.31

Ans: -130°C

3. Calculate the temperature at which the rms velocity of a gas triples its value
at S.T.P.

Ans: T1 = 273 K, T2 = 2457 K

4. A gas is at temperature 80°C and pressure 5 × 10 -10N m-2. What is the
number of molecules per m3 if Boltzmann’s constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J K-1

Solution:
Temperature of gas T = 80°C = 80 + 273 = 353K
Pressure of gas P = 5 × 10-10 Nm-2
Boltzmann’s constant k = 1.38 × 10-23 Jk-1
Volume of gas V = 1 m3
No. of molecules n = ?

Ans: 1.02 × 1011

5. From kinetic theory of gases, show that Moon cannot have an atmosphere
(Assume k = 1.38 × 10-23 J K-1 Temperature T=0°C=273K).

Ans: vescape = vrms= 1.86 km s-1

6. If 1020 oxygen molecules per second strike 4 cm2 of wall at an angle of 30°
with the normal when moving at a speed of 2 × 10 3 m s-1, find the pressure
exerted on the wall. (mass of 1 atom = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

Solution

Mass of 1 O2 atom = 2.67 × 10-26 kg

Mass of 1020 O2 atom = 2.67 × 10-26 kg
= 26.72 × 10-27 × 1020
Momentum P = mv
= 26.72 × 10-7 × 8 × 2 × 103
= 427.5 × 10-4 kgm s-1
Component of momentum normal to wall is 30°
= 427.5 ×10-4 × cos 30° .

Ans: 92.4 N m-2

7. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a mixture of monatomic and

diatomic gases is found to be proportional to the cube of the temperature.
Find the value of γ = (Cp/CV)

Solution

Ans: 3/2
8. Calculate the mean free path of air molecules at STP. The diameter
of N2 and O2 is about 3 × 10-10 m

Solution

Ans: λ≈9 × 10-8 m

9. A gas made of a mixture of 2 moles of oxygen and 4 moles of argon at

temperature T. Calculate the energy of the gas in terms of RT. Neglect the
vibrational modes.
Ans: 11RT

10. Estimate the total number of air molecules in a room of capacity 25 m 3 at

a temperature of 27°C.

Solution:
Volume of the room V = 25.0m3
Temperature of the room T = 27°C = 300K
Pressure in the room P = estimate
= 1 × 1.013 × 105 Pa
The ideal gas equation relating pressure (P), volume (v) absolute temperature (T)
can be written is
PV = KB NT
Ans: 6.1 × 1026 molecules

Solved Example Problems: Expression for pressure exerted by a gas

EXAMPLE 9.1

A football at 27°C has 0.5 mole of air molecules. Calculate the internal energy of
air in the ball.

Solution

The internal energy of ideal gas = 3/2 NkT. The number of air molecules is given in
terms of number of moles so, rewrite the expression as follows

Temperature T =273+27=300K

U = 3/2 × 0.5 × 8.31 × 300 = 1869.75J

This is approximately equivalent to the kinetic energy of a man of 57 kg running
with a speed of 8 m s-1.

EXAMPLE 9.2(Root mean square speed )

A room contains oxygen and hydrogen molecules in the ratio 3:1. The temperature
of the room is 27°C. The molar mass of 02 is 32 g mol-1 and for H2 2 g mol-1. The
value of gas constant R is 8.32 J mol-1K-1

Calculate

(a) rms speed of oxygen and hydrogen molecule

(b) Average kinetic energy per oxygen molecule and per hydrogen molecule

Solution

(a) Absolute Temperature

T=27°C =27+273=300 K.

Gas constant R=8.32 J mol-1k-1

For Oxygen molecule: Molar mass

M=32 gm=32 x 10-3 kg mol-1

Note that the rms speed is inversely proportional to √M and the molar mass of
oxygen is 16 times higher than molar mass of hydrogen. It implies that the rms
speed of hydrogen is 4 times greater than rms speed of oxygen at the same
temperature.

1934/484 ≈ 4 .

(b) The average kinetic energy per molecule is 3/2 kT. It depends only on
absolute temperature of the gas and is independent of the nature of molecules.
Since both the gas molecules are at the same temperature, they have the same
average kinetic energy per molecule. k is Boltzmaan constant.

Average kinetic energy of total hydrogen molecules = 3/2 NHkT where NH -

number of hydrogen molecules in the room.

It is given that the number of oxygen molecules is 3 times more than number of
hydrogen molecules in the room. So the ratio of average kinetic energy of oxygen
molecules with average kinetic energy of hydrogen molecules is 3:1
EXAMPLE 9.3

Ten particles are moving at the speed of 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7 and 9 m s-1.

Calculate rms speed, average speed and most probable speed.

Solution

The average speed

The most probable speed is 5 ms-1 because three of the particles have that speed.

EXAMPLE 9.4

Calculate the rms speed, average speed and the most probable speed of 1 mole of
hydrogen molecules at 300 K. Neglect the mass of electron.

Solution

The hydrogen atom has one proton and one electron. The mass of electron is
negligible compared to the mass of proton.

Mass of one proton = 1.67 × 10−27kg.

One hydrogen molecule = 2 hydrogen atoms = 2 × 1.67 × 10−27kg.

The average speed

Solved Example Problems for Law of Equipartition of Energy

EXAMPLE 9.5

Find the adiabatic exponent γ for mixture of μ 1 moles of monoatomic gas and
μ2 moles of a diatomic gas at normal temperature.

Solution
Solved Example Problems for Mean Free Path

EXAMPLE 9.6

An oxygen molecule is travelling in air at 300 K and 1 atm, and the diameter of
oxygen molecule is 1.2 × 10−10m. Calculate the mean free path of oxygen
molecule.

Solution

We have to find the number density n By using ideal gas law

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11th Physics : UNIT 9 : Kinetic Theory of Gases