Understanding

1 For each fraction:

i Identify the numerator. ii Identify the denominator.

a 8 b 3 c 22 d 10
9 7 50 3
​ ​ ​ ​

2 Write each fraction in words:

a 1 b 3 c 5 d 36
2 4 100 18
​ ​ ​ ​

3 Write each word as a fraction:

a One quarter b Three eighths

c Sixteen hundredths d Two ninths
e One and five tenths f Six and three fifths

Fluency

4 What fraction of each shape is shaded?

a b

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 c

Example 1

5 For each group of shapes:

i Write the fraction that is shaded as a mixed number.

ii Write the fraction that is shaded as an improper fraction.

a b

c d

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e f

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6 What fraction is plotted on each number line?

a b

0 1 0 1

c d

0 1 3 4

e f

6 7 8 9

Example 2, 3

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7 Plot each fraction on the number line:

a 7 b 5
5 2
​ ​

0 1 2 0 1 2 3

c 70 d 52
9 3
​ ​

7 8 5 6 7

e 91 f 3
2
2 5
​ ​

9 10 3 4

8 For the each pair of fractions, determine which fraction is greater:

a 7 3 b 1 4 c 2 1 d 11, 2
, , 1 , 1
10 10 5 5 5 5 3 3
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 3 3 f 2 2 g 8, 8 h 5, 5
, ,
8 4 3 4 7 3 4 2
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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9 Fill in the missing inequality symbol to make the statements true.

a 1 1 b 17⬚7 c 3 6 d 2 4 ⬚ 11
⬚ ⬚
4 3 8 2 8 8 5 5
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 2 5 f 4 3 ⬚ 19
⬚
3 6 4 8
​ ​ ​ ​

Example 4

10 Is each statement true or false?

a 17 < 7 b 17
= 2
5 c 31
> 7
1 d 2 2 < 31
8 4 6 6 4 2 7 14
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Reasoning

11 Which fraction is greater, one third or one half?

12 Which fraction is smaller, one fourth or one fifth?

13 Identify which fraction is greater: 2 or 3 ? Explain your reasoning.

5 10
​ ​

14 If a number line from 0 to 2 is divided into eight equal parts, what is the fraction represented
by the point that is halfway between 1 and 2? Explain your reasoning.

15 Which is greater, 3 or 7 ? Explain your reasoning and use a visual representation, such as a
4 10
​ ​

number line or area model, to support your answer.

16 If a number line is divided into 15 equal parts, and point A is located 3 of the way along the
5
​

1
number line, and point B is located of the way along, what fraction represents the point
3
​

that is equally distant from A and B? Explain your reasoning using a number line.

Problem-solving

17 For each group of fractions, arrange them from smallest to largest:

a 6 5 2 b 13, 5, 32 c 3 3 3 d 1 2 3
, , , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7 8 4 7 2 3 8
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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18 For each group of fractions, arrange them from largest to smallest:

a 2 7 , 13 , 7 b 2 1 , 33 , 16 c 1 35 17
6 , , d 33 4 16
, 1 ,
10 5 2 7 14 7 2 4 2 10 5 5
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

19 Petria has read 2 of her book and Suma has read 5 of theirs. Who has read more of their
3 6
​ ​

book?

20 Tristian is looking at data from a 3 different surveys showing how many people agreed with
the focus question. Which survey groups shows the most support?

A 20 people agreed from a total of 26 surveyed

B 21 people agreed from a total of 26 surveyed

C 21 people agreed from a total of 27 surveyed

21 Alice is preparing a series of 3 fruit smoothies for her friends. The smoothie recipes have
2 3
different ratios of fruits to liquid. The ratios are for the apple smoothie, for the mango
5 10
​ ​

7
smoothie and for the strawberry smoothie. Order the smoothies from the least to the
15
​

most fruit content in their recipes.

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Understanding

1 Identify which of these fractions are negative and explain your reasoning:
1 5 7 3
− , , −
4 6 10 8
​ ​ ​ ​

2 What fraction does each tick represent on this number line?

−3 −2 −1 0 1

3 Compare and contrast the representation of 1 and − 1 on a number line.

3 3
​ ​

Fluency

4 Identify the fraction plotted on each number line:

−1 3 1 1 0 1 1 3 1
− − −
4 2 4 4 2 4
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

−2 −1 0 1

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 c

−4 −3 −2 −1 0

−3 −2 −1 0 1

Example 1

5 For each number line:

i Plot the fractions on the number line. ii Identify which one is closest to zero.

a 2 1
and −
7 7
​ ​

−1 0 1

b − 16 and 7
13 13
​ ​

−2 −1 0 1

2 4 © Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

 c 2 4
and −
11 11
​ ​

−1 0 1

d − 1 and 3
4 4
​ ​

−1 0 1

6 Identify the greatest fraction plotted on each number line:

−2 −1 0 1 2 3

−1 0 1 2 3

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7 Identify the smallest fraction plotted on each number line:

−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5

−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1

8 Arrange these fractions in ascending order: − 8 , − 2 , − 3

16 16 16
​ ​ ​

9 Arrange these fractions in descending order: − 3 , − 19 , − 6

14 14 14
​ ​ ​

10 Identify the greatest fraction in each set of fractions. Use number lines to assist you.

a −5 , −5 , −7 b −1 , 2 , 5 c −
14 3 11
,− ,− d 27 13 7
, ,
3 2 6 2 4 8 8 2 4 10 5 2
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 2

11 Identify the smallest number in each set of fractions. Use number lines to assist you.

a − 1 , −7 , 8 b − 6 , 21 , − 12 c 9 22 7
, , d − 9 , − 15 , − 5
15 5 3 5 10 5 4 8 2 4 8 2
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

Reasoning

12 Explain why the fractions that represent "hiking 4 2 km due south" and "hiking 4 2 km due
3 3
​ ​

north", would be on opposite sides of 0.

13 Which of these negative fractions is closest to zero? Explain your reasoning.

1 2 3 1
− , − , − or −
3 9 6 2
​ ​ ​ ​

14 Arrange these negative fractions in ascending order. Explain your reasoning.

3 5 2 1
− , − , − , and −
4 8 3 6
​ ​ ​ ​

Problem-solving

15 A toy car is moving along a straight track. Its initial position is at − 7 from the starting
8
​

1
position, and it moves to a new position at − from the start. How far did the toy car move?
4
​

Express the distance as a positive fraction.

16 If Patricia travels 4 2 km west from a starting point, and then 2 3 km east, find how far she is
5 5
​ ​

from her starting point.

17 A submarine is located 600 metres below sea level. It descends another 2 of its depth. What
3
​

is the submarine's new depth in negative metres?

© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

Understanding

1 Which of these fractions are fully simplified?

3 1 10 2
, , ,
9 6 50 7
​ ​ ​ ​

2 How do you compare two fractions with the same denominator such as 4 and 2 ?
5 5
​ ​

3 What is the first step when comparing two fractions with different denominators?

4 Complete the solution to simplify the fraction 35 :

45
​

35 35 ÷ 5 ⬚
= =
45 45 ÷ 5 ⬚
​ ​ ​

5 Which of these statements are correct?

A A fraction is in its simplest form if the numerator and denominator have common
factors other than 1.

B A fraction is in its simplest form if the numerator and denominator have no common
multiple.

C A fraction is in its simplest form if the numerator and denominator have no common
factors other than 1.

D A fraction is in its simplest form if the numerator is 1.

Fluency

6 Complete each equivalent fraction statement:

a 1 ⬚ b 1 ⬚ c 3 ⬚ d 9 ⬚
= = = =
2 4 5 75 8 40 5 40
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 19 ⬚ f 3 ⬚ g 5 20 h 7 35
= = = =
10 90 8 24 16 ⬚ 12 ⬚
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

i 4 40 j 4 48 k 5 45 l 18 72
= = = =
9 ⬚ 3 ⬚ 21 ⬚ 11 ⬚
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 1

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7 Use the diagrams provided to simplify thesefractions:

a 9 b 4
18 28
​ ​

c 10 d 20
50 32
​ ​

e 20 f 8
35 24
​ ​

Example 2

8 Determine whether each fraction is equivalent to 9 :

15
​

a 3 b 18 c 27 d 36
5 27 36 60
​ ​ ​ ​

Example 3

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9 Select the equivalent fractions from each list:

a b
4 1 2 8 8 20 7 8 2 2
, , , , , , , ,
40 10 80 80 20 30 3 12 6 3
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

c
1 16 4 128 32
, , , ,
4 64 8 256 64
​ ​ ​ ​

10 Simplify:

a 3 b 20 c 6 d 27
9 60 20 45
​ ​ ​ ​

e 63 f 40 g 32 h 64
28 30 80 92
​ ​ ​ ​

11 For each pair of fractions, identify which fraction is greater:

a 7 5 b 19 17 c 31 24 d 17 19
, , , ,
11 9 25 24 8 7 4 5
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

12 For each group of fractions:

i Find the lowest common denominator of the fractions.

ii Rewrite the fractions with this lowest common denominator.
iii List the fractions in ascending order.

a 2 9 7 b 7 8 3
, , , ,
5 55 11 13 65 5
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 4

13 For each group of fractions:

i Find the lowest common denominator of the fractions.

ii Rewrite all the fractions with this lowest common denominator.
iii List the fractions in descending order.

a 2 6 8 b 1 3 5
, , , ,
5 7 35 4 8 32
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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Reasoning

14 Are 4 and 16 equivalent fractions? Explain your reasoning.

5 20
​ ​

15 Determine an equivalent fraction to 2 that has a denominator of 12. Explain your reasoning.
3
​

16 Which of these pairs of fractions are equivalent? Explain your reasoning.

2 4 3 6 6 8
and , and , and
3 6 4 7 9 12
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

17 If the numerator and denominator of a fraction are both prime numbers, is the fraction in
fully simplified form? Explain your answer.

Problem-solving

18 Maria has a recipe that calls for 1 cup of sugar. She wants to make twice as much of the
4
​

1
recipe. What equivalent fraction of cup should she use to make the recipe?
4
​

19 If a pizza has been cut into 8 slices, and 3 slices have been eaten, what fraction of the pizza
remains? What is an equivalent fraction for the remaining fraction with a denominator of 16?

20 A group of students is collecting data on their favourite colours. They found that 5 out of 20
students like blue. Write an equivalent fraction of the students who like blue in the class
next door if there are 28 students. How many of the students in the classroom next door like
blue?

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Understanding

1 Which is correct?
2 3 5 2 3 5
+ = or + =
7 7 14 7 7 7
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

2 Describe how to add fractions with common denominators.

3 What is the first step when adding or subtracting fractions with different denominators?

4 One method to add mixed numbers such as 2 1 + 3 2 is to first add the whole number parts
2 3
​ ​

and then add the fraction parts.

Describe another method to add mixed numbers.

Fluency

5 Find the lowest common denominator of each set of fractions:

a 1 1 b 1 1 c 1 1 2 d 5 1 2
, , , , , ,
3 2 4 9 2 4 5 12 6 3
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

6 Express these mixed numbers as improper fractions:

a 21 b 71 c 3
4 d 73
3 9 5 4
​ ​ ​ ​

e 33 f 55 g 6 11 h 2 17
11 12 15 20
​ ​ ​ ​

7 Evaluate and simplify:

a 1 9 b 2 2 c 4 2 d 5 3
+ + − −
11 11 5 5 7 7 6 6
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 7 4 f 8 7 g 7 3 h 9 5
+ − + −
9 9 9 9 25 25 22 22
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 1

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8 Complete each statement:

a
2 1 6 1 Rewrite with a common denominator
+ = +
3 9 ⬚ ⬚
​ ​ ​ ​

7 Evaluate the sum

=
⬚
​

b
1 2 ⬚ ⬚ Rewrite with a common denominator
+ = +
6 6
​ ​

2 3
​ ​

⬚
= Evaluate the sum
6
​

⬚
=1 Rewrite as a mixed number
6
​

c
7 3 ⬚ 3 Rewrite with a common denominator
− = −
8 16 ⬚ ⬚
​ ​ ​ ​

⬚
= Evaluate the difference
⬚
​

d
11 7 ⬚ ⬚ Rewrite with a common denominator
− = −
6 ⬚ ⬚
​ ​

4
​ ​

19 Evaluate the difference

=
⬚
​

⬚
=1 Rewrite as a mixed number
⬚
​

9 Evaluate and simplify:

a 6 1 b 1 1 c 1 2 d 7 5
+ + + +
7 14 4 6 5 4 8 6
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 6 5 f 1 1 g 3 1 h 1 1
+ − − −
5 3 3 10 4 12 9 12
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 2

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10 Fill in the boxes to complete the working out:

1 2 1 2 Group the whole number parts and fraction parts

1 +2 =1+⬚+ +
4 4 ⬚ ⬚
​ ​ ​ ​

⬚
=⬚+ Add the whole number parts and fraction parts
⬚
​

⬚
=⬚ Evaluate the sum
⬚
​

11 For 2 1 + 5 1 :
4 2
​ ​

a Find the sum of the whole number part of each mixed number.
b Find the sum of the fraction part of each mixed number.
c Simplify the expression.

12 Fill in the boxes to complete the working out:

1 5 ⬚ ⬚ Rewrite as improper fractions

2 −1 = −
3 9
​ ​

3 9
​ ​

⬚ ⬚
= − Rewrite with a common denominator
⬚ 9
​ ​

⬚
= Evaluate the difference
⬚
​

13 For 3 1 − 2 1 :
3 6
​ ​

a Rewrite the mixed numbers as improper fractions.

b Using part (a), rewrite the improper fractions with the same denominator.
c Simplify the expression.

14 Evaluate and simplify:

a 8 11 b 46 16 c 7 13 d 7 5
+ − + −
5 5 22 22 6 10 4 3
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 5 −4 8
10 f 2
3 +4
4 g 46 − 36 h 4− 7
11 11 6 5 7 8 9
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 3, 4

15 Evaluate and simplify:

a 3 1 1 b 5 2 5 c 10 1 1 d 1 1 1
+ − + + − − − −
4 8 4 9 3 6 12 6 4 2 3 9
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

Reasoning

16 For 5 3 − 2 7 :
4 8
​ ​

a Calculate the answer by first converting both mixed numbers to improper fractions.
b Calculate the answer by first subtracting the whole numbers and then subtracting the
fraction parts.
c Which method is less likely to cause errors? Explain your answer.

17 If Teddy eats 1 of a pizza and he gives 1 of the pizza to his friend Archie, how much of the
4 8
​ ​

original pizza is left? Explain the steps to solve the problem.

18 A recipe calls for 2 cup of sugar, but Wei only has 1 cup of sugar. How much more sugar
3 2
​ ​

does Wei need to complete the recipe? Is your answer reasonable? Explain.

19 A rectangular cake measures 9 cm by 8 cm. You cut a piece that measures 4 cm by 3 cm.
What fraction of the cake is left after cutting this piece? Explain your reasoning using a
diagram.

Problem-solving

20 Jack felt dehydrated. He drank 1 third of a litre at first, then drank another 1 ninth of a litre.
How many litres did he drink in total?

21 Jane eats 1 of a cake and Joshua eats 1 of the cake. What fraction of the cake did they eat
4 3
​ ​

altogether?

22 During a blizzard, it snowed 10 1 cm. When the sun came out the next day, 5 3 cm of snow
2 4
​ ​

melted. How much snow was left on the ground?

23 A market stall is open for 3 1 hours in the morning and 2 3 hours in the evening. How many
2 4
​ ​

hours is the stall open altogether?

24 Georgio buys 3 cups of sugar to use in his baking. He uses 3 of a cup in his cake, 1 1 of a
4 5
​ ​

1
cup in his pastries and accidentally spilled of a cup. How much sugar does he have left?
2
​

1
© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023
25 Missy mailed 4 letters that have a total weight of 3 grams. One letter weighed 1 of a gram,
2
​

3 7
another weighed of a gram and a third weighed of a gram. How much did the fourth
4 8
​ ​

letter weigh?

© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

Understanding

1 3 3
Is 12 × equivalent to × 12? Explain why or why not.
4 4
​ ​

2 Explain the process of finding 2 of 50 in two ways: using a diagram and multiplying fractions.
5
​

3 Write two thirds of 15 as a multiplication.

Fluency

4 Evaluate:

a 28 groups of 1 b 40 groups of 4 c 3
4 groups of d 18 groups of 9
4 5 4 6
​ ​ ​ ​

e 84 groups of 2 f 3 groups of 4 g 4 groups of 1 h 64 groups of 5

3 5 9 8
​ ​ ​ ​

Example 1

5 Evaluate and simplify:

a 9 b 1 c 9 d 4
× 100 × 900 × 220 × 140
20 10 11 7
​ ​ ​ ​

e 3× 1 f 5×
8 g 5× 9 h 1
× 70
4 9 8 7
​ ​ ​ ​

i 2 j 7 k 10 l 8
× 49 ×9 × 36 × 30
7 9 9 10
​ ​ ​ ​

Example 2

6 Find these quantities in the given units:

a 1 b 1
of $1 in cents of 6 minutes in seconds
5 5
​ ​

c 4 d 9
of 4 weeks in days of 6 L in millilitres
7 10
​ ​

e 7 f 6
of 3 kg in grams of 3 cm in millimetres
500 5
​ ​

g 2 h 1
of 5 m in centimetres of 36 g in milligrams
10 4
​ ​

i 2 j 3
of 3 hours in minutes of 12 km in metres
15 5
​ ​

k 1 l 7
of $69 in cents of 1200 mL in litres
6 8
​ ​

Example 3

© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

Reasoning

7 Justin and Georgia are handing out fliers to advertise their new concert. Justin has handed
3
out 120 of his 400 fliers while Georgia handed out of her 600 fliers.
5
​

a What fraction of his fliers has Justin handed out?

b How many fliers has Georgia handed out?
c Who has handed out a higher fraction of their fliers?
d How is the process for finding the fraction of a quantity in parts (a) and (b) different?

8 A school has 480 students, and 3 of the students are in the drama club. How many students
8
​

are in the drama club? Explain your reasoning.

9 A jar contains 500 marbles, of which 2 are blue and the rest are red. How many red marbles
5
​

are in the jar? Explain your reasoning.

10 A fruit bowl contains 12 pieces of fruit. 1 are apples, and there are 4 bananas. The number
6
​

5
of pears is of the number of bananas The rest are oranges. How many oranges are in the
4
​

bowl?
Yulia's work is shown. Identify the row with the error then correct the step to get the correct
answer.

1
1 × 12 = 2 Number of apples
6
5
2 × 4 = 4 Number of pears
4

3 12 − 2 − 4 − 4 = 2 Number of oranges

© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

Problem-solving

11 Xavier received $10 pocket money, and spent 4 of it on mobile games. How much money
10
​

did he spend?

12 Sinead read 3 of a 450 page book. How many pages has she read?
5
​

13 In a class of 27 students, 4 of the students have dark hair. How many students have dark hair
9
​

in the class?

14 Charlie won $40 000 in the lottery. He gave 2 of his winnings to his sister. How much money
5
​

did Charlie keep?

15 A Year 6 class planned to raise $400 for a local charity by Christmas. If they’ve already raised
2
of the money, how much more do they still need to raise?
10
​

16 A biased coin lands on tails 5 of the time.

8
​

a Why is the coin unfair?

b If the coin was flipped 40 times, how many times would it be expected to land on tails?
c If a fair coin was flipped 40 times, how many times would you expect it to land on tails?
Why?

17 The Fireflies scored 77 points in their basketball game. Fe scored 5 of the points, and
11
​

2
Jamie scored of the points. Sarah was the only other scorer. How many points did Sarah
7
​

score?

18 In the morning, a dam contains 1710 L of water. Throughout the day, 1 of the total water is
9
​

1 2
lost through evaporation, through cattle drinking from it and is used for watering crops.
6 5
​ ​

a How many litres of water are lost throughout the day?

b At the end of the day, how many litres of water remain in the dam?

© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

Understanding

1
a Describe how to multiply 1 and 2
using a rectangular area model.
4 3
​ ​

b Describe how to multiply 1 and 2

using multiplication of numerators and denominators.
4 3
​ ​

2 For these sets of multiplications of fractions:

4 3 4 6 5 6 3 8 3
× = , × = , × =
5 3 5 7 5 7 9 8 9
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

a
Why is any fraction multiplied by a fraction in the form equal to itself? ​

3 Is each statement correct?

a Multiplying a fraction by a fraction that is greater than 1 increases the original fraction.
b Multiplying a fraction by a fraction that is greater than 1 decreases the original fraction.
c The product of two proper fractions is always less than each of the original fractions.
d The product of two proper fractions is always more than each of the original fractions.

Fluency

4 Evaluate:

a 1 9 b 70 1 c 1 1 d 4 1
× × × ×
4 1 1 10 12 7 3 7
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 1 14 f 1 20 g 6 1 h 1 20
× × × ×
2 3 5 6 10 2 4 5
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

5 Evaluate:

a 3 5 b 3 3 c 8 6 d 4 4
× × × ×
4 7 2 2 5 5 15 3
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 9 10 f 8 6 g 8 9 h 8 9
× × × ×
10 9 5 9 9 56 15 7
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 1

© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

6 Evaluate:

a 3 1 6 b 2 3 5 c 10 3 1 d 8 22 1
× × × × × × × ×
4 5 2 7 2 8 9 5 4 11 10 4
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 6 3 3 f 3 102 1 g 1 2 3 h 8 5 3
× × × × × × × ×
5 8 4 2 100 3 6 9 4 12 6 4
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 2

7 Evaluate:

a 11 × 2 b 13 × 21 c 3 4
1 × d 21 × 31
2 3 5 4 4 9 4 3
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 34 × 21 f 21 × 42 g 31 × 42 × 51 h 52 × 12 × 61
5 2 6 3 8 5 3 5 3 4
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 3

8 3 1
of a cake was left after a party. Hank ate of what was left. What fraction of the whole
4 8
​ ​

cake did Hank eat?

9 Georgia was following a recipe which requires 3 of a cup of flour. However, she only wants
4
​

to make half of the quantity that the recipe is for. What fraction of a cup of flour should she
use?

10 In a milkshake shop, a medium milkshake needs 2 L of milk. A small milkshake needs 3

10 5
​ ​

the amount of a medium milkshake. How much milk does the small milkshake need?

11 A farmer has 5 of an acre of land. If he wants to plant crops on 2 of the land, how much of
6 3
​ ​

the land will he use for planting? How much land will be left unused?

12 Stephen is 22 5 years old. He has spent 1 of his life living in Sydney. How many years has he
6 5
​ ​

spent living in Sydney?

Example 4

13 In Wings Station, one batch of chicken wings requires 4 1 cups of flour. If the Wings Station
4
​

1
is making 7 batches this Sunday, how much flour will they need?
2
​

14 Natalia is starting her jewelry business. She bought 5 1 bags of beads. If a single bag weighs
2
​

5
140 grams, what is the total combined weight of beads Natalia bought?
8
​

© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

Reasoning

15 A recipe calls for 3 cup of sugar, but you only want to make one-third of the recipe.
4
​

Describe the steps you could take to find how much sugar you need.

16 Cynthia explains that if each juice box contains 2 cup of juice, then a pack of 6 juice boxes
3
​

1 2 1
will contain times that amount of juice. She multiplies cup by to find the total amount
6 3 6
​ ​ ​

of juice in the pack.

2 1 1
Amount of juice in the pack = cup × boxes = cups
3 6 9
​ ​ ​

Is Cynthia correct? Why or why not?

17 A rectangular garden measures 3 1 metres by 2 3 metres. What is the area of the garden in
2 4
​ ​

square metres? Will 10 square metres of turf cover the garden? Explain your reasoning.

Problem-solving

18 Lianne had 3 1 L of orange juice to sell. She sold 3 of it. How much orange juice does she
2 4
​ ​

have left?

19 Opie ordered 5 3 kg of apples to sell. He found that 1 of the apples were not fit for sale.
4 5
​ ​

What weight of apples could he sell?

20 A recipe for a cake requires 1 cup of sugar to make 1 cake.

2
​

a How much sugar is needed to make 5 cakes?

b Josie ate 1 1 of these cakes? How many cups of sugar is this?
3
​

c If 10 cups of sugar costs $2.50, how much will it cost to buy enough sugar to make 5
cakes?

© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023

Understanding

1 Describe the relationship between dividing fractions and multiplying fractions.

2 What is the reciprocal of:

a 1 b 3 c 11 d 21
7 8 3 6
​ ​ ​ ​

3 Write the problem 4 ÷ 8 as a multiplication.

7
​

4 Can you divide a fraction by itself? If so, explain what the result will be.

Fluency

5 Evaluate and simplify:

a 3÷ 1 b 1
÷8 c 5
÷5 d 6
÷8
11 9 3 11
​ ​ ​ ​

e 3 f 65 g 3 ÷ 39 h 7 ÷ 98
÷4 ÷5
5 9 10 12
​ ​ ​ ​

Example 1

6 Evaluate and simplify:

a 1 1 b 1 9 c 1 3 d 3 1
÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
7 6 2 10 5 7 4 9
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 1 1 f 1 1 g 2 1 h 1 3
÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
10 3 2 9 3 8 11 7
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

i 28 4 j 10 10 k 2 5 l 2 4
÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
9 9 7 7 7 3 36 7
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 2

7 Evaluate and simplify:

a 46 ÷ 2 b 13 4 ÷ 6 c 16 ÷ 4
1 d 20 ÷ 3 1
7 5 2 9
​ ​ ​ ​

e 24 ÷ 11 f 5 ÷ 11
1 g 1 1 ÷1 1 h 3 ÷ 25
4
5 3 8 2 10 15 9 9
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 3

8 A family drinks 3 of a carton of milk per day. How many days will 6 cartons of milk last the
4
​

family?
© Mathspace Pty Ltd 2023
9 A glass holds 3 of a litre of lemonade. How many glasses of lemonade can be filled with 6
8
​

litres of lemonade?

10 If 2 of a tart is shared equally between 5 people, what fraction of the tart would each person
3
​

receive?

11 Yang eats 2 of a packet of biscuits each day. If he buys 12 packets, how many days will the
5
​

packets last?

12 If a garden snail can move 1 km/h, how many hours would it take for the garden snail to
100
​

3
reach km?
4
​

13 Christine has 1 3 of a metre of ribbon. She uses 7 th of the ribbon to wrap a present. How
4 20
​ ​

many presents can she wrap with her ribbon?

14 Sheldon is planning to sell banana bread at the upcoming school fair. If a loaf requires 1 1
4
​

3
cups of sugar, how many banana bread loaves can Sheldon make if he has 8 cups of sugar
4
​

on hand?
Example 4

15 Jean is making bows for her gift wrapping business. A bow requires 6 1 centimetres of
6
​

1
ribbon. If she has 55 centimetres of ribbon, how many bows can Jean make?
2
​

Reasoning

16 If you need to divide 2 by 1 , which fraction do you invert and why?

5 4
​ ​

17 You have a pizza that is divided into 8 equal slices, and you want to give 3 of a slice to each
4
​

of your friends. Describe the steps you could do to find how many friends you can share
your pizza with.

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18 Sam and Ruby are given the following problem:
3 2
If it takes of an hour to read of a book, how many minutes will it take to read the entire
4 3
​ ​

book?
Sam says it will take 67.5 minutes and Ruby says it will take 53.3 minutes. Explain who is
correct and why.

Problem-solving

19 A water tank has a capacity of 1500 litres. If the tank is currently filled with 3 of its capacity,
5
​

7
how much more water needs to be added to the tank to reach of its total capacity?
8
​

20 Benjamin wants to engrave his name on a metal plate. There is 1 2 cm space on the plate.
4
​

1 1 1
There are three sizes of letters to choose from: cm wide, cm wide and cm wide.
8 6 4
​ ​ ​

a Find the maximum number of letters that Benjamin can engrave on the plate using the
following sizes:

i 1 ii 1 iii 1 cm wide
cm wide cm wide
8 6 4
​ ​ ​

b Which letter sizes could he use for his name?

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Understanding

1 Put these steps into the correct order of operations:

Evaluate addition or subtraction from left to right

Evaluate expressions inside the brackets
Evaluate multiplication or division from left to right

2 How do the brackets in 3 ÷ ( 1 − 4 ) change the order of operations from the expression
5 2 7
​ ​ ​

3 1 4
÷ − ?
5 2 7
​ ​ ​

3 For each expression, what operation should be performed first?

a 2 3 7 b 3 5 5
+ × + ÷
39 4 9 31 6 12
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

c 7÷3×1 d 3
−
9
×
10
9 7 9 11 10 13
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 1 7 2 f 8 11 5
( + )÷ ÷( × )
8 10 15 17 21 9
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

g 3 5 2 1 h 1 2 4 7
( − )÷ − × − +
4 9 3 24 7 9 27 2
​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​

Fluency

4 Evaluate and simplify:

a 3 6 4 b 3 4 3 c 2 6 3 d 8 2 4
+ − + × + ÷ − −
17 17 17 50 5 10 21 7 4 9 9 9
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 8 3 2 f 1 1 1 g 2 1 2 h 3 12 1
− × × ÷ ÷ × ÷ ÷
21 7 3 5 3 2 3 9 5 6 5 2
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 1

5 Evaluate and simplify:

a (3 + 2) × 5 b (7 − 2) ÷ 2 c 2 4 3 d 3 2 1
−( − ) ÷ ×
7 7 9 9 9 7 35 7 5 4 5 6
​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 1×2÷ 4 f 1 × 5 ÷ 15 g 18 9
÷( × )
1 h 8 2 15
÷ ×
7 9 27 7 8 49 25 10 3 11 3 2
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​

i 2 3
( − )×
5 j 5−2÷7 k 3 2 3
× + l 5 4 2
×( + )
5 8 9 7 5 8 5 7 7 6 9 5
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Example 2

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6 Evaluate and simplify:

a 5×4× 1 b 2+ 1 − 2 c 1
× (5 − 1) d 4 + (−2) × 2
8 2 5 3 5
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 2 1 f 6 1 g 5 h 9 3
(6 + ) × ( + )÷3 ÷5+4 ( × )÷2
7 4 10 2 3 4 9
​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​

7 Evaluate and simplify:

a 1 3 2 1 b 5 1 5 1
( + )×( + ) ×( + − )
4 8 5 5 7 3 6 2
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

c 2 3 2 6 d 1 3 1 3
( + × )÷ ( + )÷( − )
5 10 3 7 3 4 2 8
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

e 1×2÷ 4 +7 f 3 5 2 1
( − )÷ −
7 9 27 2 4 9 3 24
​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​

g 7 3 7 9 h ( 27 + 10 ) × ( 7 − 3 )
−( + ÷ )
2 5 10 30 24 20 8 4
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

8 Evaluate and simplify:

a 65 − 3 × 1 b 32 + 4 × 2
9 2 3
​ ​ ​

c 1 1 d 1 1
6 − × (5 ) (1 + ) × 2
2 6 4 3
​ ​ ​ ​

Example 3

9 Evaluate and simplify:

a 81 − 21 × 31 b (3 3 ÷ 2 1 ) + 7
4 5 2 4 2 3
​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​

c 5 1 7 d (3 1 × 2 2 ) + (6 3 ÷ 2 3 )
5 + (1 × 2 )
6 3 12 4 3 4 12
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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Reasoning

10 1 2 3
Simplify ( + × ). Explain what operation you did first and why.
2 3 4
​ ​ ​

11 Riley and Reese are given the following problem:

3
There are 12 students in a scout group. of them will be going on a trail walk. 20 students
4
​

from another scout group are meeting them at the trailhead. How many total students are
going on the walk.
3
Riley uses the expression ( × 12) + 20 to solve the problem and Reese uses the
4
​

3
expression × (12 + 20) to solve the problem. Will Riley and Reese get the same result?
4
​

Explain your reasoning.

12 To find the area of the composite shape

shown, Ruby uses the expression
1 1
(2 × 4 ) + (2 × 3 )
2 4
​ ​

Jade uses the expression

1 1 1 1
(5 × 4 ) − (3 × 2 )
4 2 4 2
​ ​ ​ ​

Will Ruby and Jade get the same result for

the total area of the composite shape?
Explain your reasoning.

Problem-solving

13 A survey shows that 1 of the people in a town prefer chocolate ice cream, 1 prefer vanilla,
4 3
​ ​

and the remaining 300 people prefer strawberry. How many people were surveyed?

14 A school choir needs to divide 3 1 hours of rehearsal time between three different songs. If
2
​

2 1
they spend of their time on the first song and of their remaining time on the second
5 3
​ ​

song, how much time do they have left to work on the third song?

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