ISSN : 2581-6918 (E), 2582-1792 (P) jfoUæ pkSc,s

Year-04, Volume-04, Issue-04

SHODH SAMAGAM Page No. 2311 - 2314

SHODH SAMAGAM

ISSN : 2581-6918 (Online), 2582-1792 (PRINT)

ukjh foe'kZ % ukjh vfLerk dk Loj

jfoUæ pkScs] (Ph.D.)] fganh foHkkx]
fdjksM+hey 'kkldh; dyk ,oa foKku egkfo|ky;] jk;x<+] NRrhlx<+] Hkkjr
“kks/k lkj
Hkkjrh; lekt esa çkphu dky ls gh ukjh ds
ORIGINAL ARTICLE çfr “kks"k.k ,oa neu gksrs vk jgs gSaA bl “kks"k.k ,oa
neu ds fo#/k vkUnksyu le; le; ij gksrs jgs gSaA
bUgha vkUnksyuksa us ukjh eu esa psruk mRiUu dh vkSj
ukjh&foe”kZ dks tUe fn;kA ukjh foe”kZ ,d ,slk
foe”kZ gS tks lekt esa O;kIr fir`lÙkkRed lajpuk dks
iw.kkZr% lekIr djus dh ckr djrs gq, ukjh&iq#"k
HksnHkko jfgr lkekftd lajpuk dh LFkkiuk djus gsrq
viuh vkokt cqyna djrh gSA ukjh ikfjokfjd] lkekftd]
Corresponding Author vkfFkZd] “kS{kf.kd ,oa jktuSfrd çR;sd {ks= esa viuh
jfoUæ pkScs] (Ph.D.)] fganh foHkkx] mifLFkfr ,oa ;ksX;rk ntZ djk dj leku vf/kdkj
fdjksM+hey 'kkldh; dyk ,oa foKku egkfo|ky;] çkIr djuk pkgrh gSA gj ;qx ds lkfgR; esa ukjh ds
jk;x<+] NRrhlx<+] Hkkjr Lo#i esa ifjorZu vk;k gS A lkfgR;dkjksa us le;kuqlkj
ukjh leL;kvksa dks viuh jpukvksa esa O;ä fd;k gS
vkSj ukjh leL;k fujkdj.k ds lq>ko Hkh çLrqr fd;s
gSaA ukjh foe”kZ us gh fL=;ksa ds eu esa vfLerk dk Hkko
[email protected] tkx`r fd;k gSA Hkkjrh; ukjh foe”kZ iq#"klÙkkRed
lekt dk fojks/k djrk gS] uk dh iq#"kksa dkA ;g
Received on : 15/11/2021 foe”kZ lkekftd] vkfFkZd] “kS{kf.kd] jktuSfrd ,oa
Revised on : ----- lkaL—frd lekurk vkfn dk iqjtksj leFkZu djrk gSA
Accepted on : 22/11/2021
Plagiarism : 03% on 15/11/2021 eq[; “kCn
ukjh foe”kZ] vfLerk] Hkkjrh; lekt] fgUnh
lkfgR;-

çLrkouk
Hkkjrh; lekt esa ukjh dks fir`lÙkkRed lekt
us çkjaHk ls gh nklrk dh tathjksa esa tdM+ dj j[kk
x;k vkSj mls ujdh; thou thus ds fy, ck/; fd;k
x;kA Hkkjrh; lekt esa dgk tkrk gS fd ukjh 'kfä
Lo#ik gS] blfy;s ç—fr us mls l`tu dk nkf;Ro
lkSaik gSA iq#"k dks tUe nsus okyh ukjh Lo;a 'kks"k.k dk
October to December 2021 www.shodhsamagam.com
A Double-blind, Peer-reviewed, Quarterly, Multidiciplinary and Multilingual Research
Impact Factor 2311
SJIF (2021): 5.948
Journal
ISSN : 2581-6918 (E), 2582-1792 (P) jfoUæ pkSc,s
Year-04, Volume-04, Issue-04
SHODH SAMAGAM Page No. 2311 - 2314

f'kdkj gksrh gSA lekt us ukjh dks D;k fn;k\ ukjh foykl dk lk/ku cuh] mls vcyk dgk x;k] mlds lrhRo
dh ijh{kk yh xbZ] Ø; foØ; dh lkexzh cuhA e`r ifr dh fprk ij lrh cukdj ftank tyk fn;k x;k] ;kSu
'kks"k.k gqvk] cky fookg] dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k] ngst mRihM+u gqvk vkSj bl rjg ukjh lekt esa gkf'k;s ij vk xbZA
ukjh dk 'kks"k.k ?kj&ifjokj esa gh ugha gks jgk gS] tc og ukSdjh ç'kklu ;k O;olk; djus lekt esa vkrh gS
rc Hkh mls dbZ ckj 'kks"k.k dk f'kdkj gksuk iM+rk gSA ukjh dqqN T;knk ugha pkgrh og rks lekt esa iq#"k dh
rjg Lora=rk vkSj lekurk pkgrh gS blfy;s fir`lÙkkRed lekt dk fojks/k dj ikjaifjd csfM+;ksa ls eqfä dh
dkeuk djrh gSA ukjh foe'kZ vf/kdkjksa dh yM+kbZ gSA ;g yM+kbZ ml ekufldrk ls gS] tks fL=;ksa dks iq#"kksa ls
ghu ekudj mls nks;e ntsZ dk O;fä ekurh gSA ;g yM+kbZ ml O;oLFkk ls gS] tgka fu.kZ; ysus dk vf/kdkj
dsoy iq#"kksa dks çkIr gSA
ukjh foe”kZ us fir`lÙkkRed lekt ds laL—fr;ksa vkSj lH;rk ds okLrfod Lo#i dk n”kZu djk;k vkSj
bl foe”kZ ds ek/;e ls lekt dh lPpkbZ;ksa dks lkeus ykus dk dk;Z dj jgh gSA ukjh foe'kZ dh vo/kkj.kk
vk/kqfud ;qx dh nsu gSA L=h dh Lo dh igpku djkuk gh ukjh foe”kZ gSA ukjh foe'kZ esa iq#"k ç/kku lekt
esa L=h dh ij/khu fLFkfr] mlds dkj.kksa vkSj mlds fujkdj.k ds mik;ksa dk myys[k fd;k tkrk gSA Þukjh foe'kZ
L=h dh ok.khfoghu] vkReghu] LoRo vfLrRo dks js[kkafdr djrk gSA L=h dks gkf'k;s ij j[kus vkSj mldk ,d
ijthoh dh Hkkafr xqykeor thou thus dks ukjh foe'kZ esa gh js[kkafdr fd;k tkrk gSAÞ ukjh foe'kZ ds #i eas
if'pe ls vk;h bl ukjhoknh fopkj/kkjk dks Hkkjrh; lekt esa çkjaHk djus dk Js; lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa ds
ek/;e ls fL=;ksa ds lkFk gksus okys vR;kpkj ds fojks/k esa vkokt cqyan djus okys n;kuan ljLorh] vacsMdj]
bZ'oj pan fo|klkxj] jktk jkeeksgu jk; tSls egku lekt lq/kkjdkssa dks tkrk gS] ftUgksaus lrh çFkk] cky fookg
tSlh dqjhfr;ksa ls L=h dks cpkus dk ladYi fy;k FkkA ogha fL=;ksa dh vf/kdkj] Lora=rk vkSj lEeku ds fy,
dbZ efgyk lq/kkjdksa usa Hkh lekt esa tkxzfr ykus dk ç;kl fd;k ftlesa jekckbZ] rkjkckbZ f”kans] lkfo=h ckbZ
Qqys vkfn gSaA bl xaHkhj fo"k; ij jfoUn ukFk VSxksj] t;'kadj çlkn] çsepan] egknsoh oekZ us Hkh fy[kk vkSj
L=h ds çfr laosnuk j[kus dh ckr mBkbZA
fgUnh dFkk lkfgR; esa ukjh foe'kZ us vkBosa n'kd esa nLrd nhA efgyk ysf[kdkvksa esa eerk dkfy;k]
—".kk vfXugks=h] fp=k eqnxy] e`nqyk xxZ] eatqyk xqIrk] eS=s;h iq"ik] e`.kky ik.Ms;] ukfljk 'kekZ] çHkk [ksrku]
lq/kk vjksjk] vydk ljkoxh vkfn us ukjh eu dh ihM+k] ?kqVu vkSj rM+i vkfn dks viuh jpukvksa ds ek/;e ls
vkokt çnku dh gSA ve`rk çhre ¼jlhnh fVdV½] —".kk lksoh ¼fe=ksa ejtkuh½] eUuw HkaMkjh ¼vkidk caVh½ fp=k
eqn~xy ¼,d tehu viuh½] eerk dkfy;k ¼cs?kj½] e`nqyk xxZ ¼dB xqykc½] eS=s;h iq"ik ¼vYek dcwrjh½] çHkk
[ksrku ¼fNUueLrk½] dqlqe vapy ¼viuh viuh ;k=k½] m"kk fç;aonk ¼ipiu [kacs yky nhokj½] nhIrh [kaMsyoky
¼çfr/ofu;ka esa ukjh ds fofo/k #i½] mlds thou dh fofo/k leL;kvksa vkSj mlds la?k"kZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSSA
rlyhek uljhu us L=h dh fLFkfr ds ckjs esa fy[kk& ÞtUe ds ckn ls gh L=h] iq#"k fufeZr fofHkUu fu;eksa vkSj
uhfr;ksa ds çgkj dks >syrs gq, ftank jgrh gSA L=h dk 'kjhj ygqyqgku gSA og ftl jkLrs ls gksdj pyrh gS
ml ij dkaVs fcNs gq, gSaAÞ2 vkt dh ukjh dk vlarks"k bl ckr dks ysdj gS fd euq"; ds #i esa lekt esa tks
vf/kdkj iq#"kksa dks çkIr gS mls muls oafpr D;ksa dj fn;k x;kA ukjh dks ikjaifjd #f<+;ksa] lM+h xyh ekU;rkvksa]
va/kfo'oklkas ds 'kks"k.k ls eqä dj ,d Lora= O;fäRo ds #i esa lekt easa çfrf"Br djkuk gh lPpk ukjhokn
gSA iq#"k lÙkkRed lekt L=h dks laHkksx ,oa larkuksRifÙk dk lk/ku ekurk gSA ÞL=h dks ekius dk iSekuk mldh
nsg gh gSAÞ3 ukjh foe'kZ dk dk;Z L=h dks tkx#d djuk gS rkfd og vius vf/kdkjksa ds çfr ltx gks] vius
vkRelEeku dks tkus] vius vfLrRo dks igpkusA e`.kky ikaMs dgrh gS&Þukjhokn drbZ fL=;ksa dks o`gÙkj lekt
ls vyx&vyx j[kdj ns[kus vkSj gj {ks= esa iq#"kksa ds f[kykQ mUgsa çksRlkfgr djus dk n'kZu ughaA ;g rks
,d lexz –f"Vdks.k gS tks laosnu'khy ukxfjdksa esa igys 'kksf"kr ,oa çoafpr fL=;ksa dh fLFkfr ds çfr lgkuqHkwfr
vkSj ekuoh; –f"Vdks.k fodflr djds mlds mtkl esa mUgsa vius iwjs lekt ds 'kksf"kr vkSj çoafpr rcdkas dks
October to December 2021 www.shodhsamagam.com
A Double-blind, Peer-reviewed, Quarterly, Multidiciplinary and Multilingual Research
Impact Factor 2312
SJIF (2021): 5.948
Journal
ISSN : 2581-6918 (E), 2582-1792 (P) jfoUæ pkSc,s
Year-04, Volume-04, Issue-04
SHODH SAMAGAM Page No. 2311 - 2314

le>us dh {kerk nsrk gSAÞ

ukjh foe'kZ cgqvk;keh gSA bls fdlh ,d ifjHkk"kk esa O;ä ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA thou ds çR;sd {ks=
eas L=h dh n'kk dh tkap iM+rky djuk] L=h dh nqnZ'kk dks le>uk vkSj O;ä djuk vkSj eqfä dk ekxZ ç'kLr
djuk mldk mís'; gSA blds fy;s fL=;ksa dks vius vf/kdkjkas ds çfr psruk yk ldrk gS] D;ksafd fdlh Hkh
leL;k ds gy ds fy;s leL;k ds dkj.kksa dks tkuuk vko';d gSA egknsoh oekZ us fy[kk&Þvf/kdkj ds bPNqd
O;fä dks vf/kdkjh Hkh gksuk pkfg;s vFkkZr~ ;fn fL=;ka vius vf/kdkjksa] LokfeRo ds vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr gS] rks D;k
muesa vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs eas psruk Hkh gS fd os vf/kdkj mUgsa dSls feysaxs] D;kas feysaxs vkSj feysaxs Hkh rks D;k
fHk{kko`fÙk lsÞ5 egknsoh L=h dks vius vf/kdkjksa ds çfr tkx#d gksus ds fy;s çsfjr dj jgh gS D;ksafd ;fn iq#"k
L=h dks iw.kZ vf/kdkj ekaxus ij ugha ns ldrk rks L=h dks vius vf/kdkj Nhuus gksaxsA egknsohj oekZ dk dguk
gS&Þgesa u fdlh ij t; pkfg;s u fdlh ls ijkt;AÞ6 oLrqr% L=hoknh ys[ku iq#"k ds paxqy ls eqä gksus dks
NViVkrh L=h dh ihM+k dks mtkxj djus ds fy;s mlds ekSu dks rksM+us ds fy;s ç;kljr gSA ;g ,d ,slh
fopkj/kkjk gS tks ifjokj] lekt ,oa dk;ZLFky ij L=h ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa dh O;k[;k djrh gS] iq#"k vkf/kiR;
vkSj fir`lÙkkRed lekt ds neu ds f[kykQ viuh vkokt mBkrh gSA vfHk'kIr thou thus dks foo'k L=h dHkh
dU;k Hkwz.k gR;k] vf'k{kk] cky fookg] inkZ çFkk] csesy fookg] rykd] ngst çFkk] ;kSu 'kks"k.k] cykRdkj tSlh
?kVukvksa ls ls =Lr gSA ukjh foe”kZ dks vyx&vyx dj ds ns”k dky] okrkoj.k vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj
tkuk vkSj le>k tk ldrk gSA
iq#"k ukjh dkss ifjokj #ih fiatjs esa dSn djds j[kuk pkgrk gSA L=h dh igpku dks mlds Kku ;k
cqf/neÙkk ls ugha vkadk x;k] mldh ,dek= igpku mldh nsg gSA iq#"kksa us Je foHkktu Hkh bl rjg ls fd;k
fd ckSf/nd dk;Z] jktuSfrd dk;Z] Kku foKku ds {ks=ksa dks vius ikl j[k L=h dks jlksbZ ?kj vkSj 'k;u d{k
ds gh mi;qä crk;kA jktsUæ ;kno fy[krs gSa& ÞL=h viuh ckSf/nd ;k vU; miyfC/k;ksa ds fy;s ftruh
gk;rkSck epkrh jgs] iq#"k dh ftn gS fd lke] nke] naM] Hksn ls og mls dej] dwYgs] furac] Nkfr;ksa ls Åij
ugha mBus nsxkAÞ7 L=h dks u rks iq#"kksa dh Hkkafr Lora= thou thus ds volj feyrs gSa u çfrHkk dks O;ä djus
dh D;ksafd iq#"k lÙkk us L=h dks Lora= ugha cuus fn;kA vf'kf{kr vkSj xzkeh.k efgyk,a gh ugha rFkkdfFkr
vk/kqfud] f'kf{kr ,oa Lora= dgh tkus okyh fL=;ka Hkh misf{kr gSA rlyhuk uljhu us orZeku lekt esa ukjh
dh n'kk dks O;ä djrs dgrh gSa&ÞD;k vkt Hkh iq#"k fufeZr /keZ vkSj mudk fo—r lekt yM+fd;ksa dh cfy
ugha p<+k jgk\ ;g lgh gS fd og mUgsa ftank ugha xkM+ jgk ;k vkx esa ugha tyk jgk] ysfdu ;gka dh thfor
yM+fd;ka Hkh Hkyk fdruh thfor gSa\ os vanj&vanj viuh vk'kk dks <ksrh rks fQj jgh gSaAÞ8
oLrqr% ukjh foe'kZ ukjh dh lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd ,oa nSfgd Lora=rk dk i{k/kj gSA Lora=rk ds
brus o"kksaZ ds ckn Hkh fL=;ksa ij gksus okys vR;kpkjksa esa deh ugha vkbZ gSA fL=;ksa ij vkfFkZd] lkekftd ,oa ekSu
mRihM+u vc Hkh gks jgs gSaA L=h vkanksyuksa dks bu lkjh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djrs gq, viuh eqfä dk ekxZ
[kkstuk gksxkA ukjh foe'kZ oxhZ;] tkrh;] uLyh; vk/kkj ij lekt esa ukfj;ksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa ds çfr
la?k"kZjr~ gS rFkk ,d ,sls lerkewyd lekt ds fy;s çfrc) gS] ftlesa L=h ,oa iq#"kksa dks cjkcjh dk gd feysA
ukjh foe'kZ ,d lkfgfR;d vkanksyu gS] ftlesa L=h vfLerk dks dsUæ esa j[kdj L=h lkfgR; dh jpuk dh xbZA
;gh L=h iq#"k dh lekurk ds fy;s lkekftd vkanksyu Hkh gSA ;g fparu fL=;ksa ij gksus okys vU;k; ds
fo#) gSA ukjh dk lq[kn Hkfo"; mls U;k;] lekurk vkSj Lora=rk çnku fd;s fcuk laHko ughaA ukjh foe'kZ L=h
ds vfLrRo dh tkap iM+rky djds ;g Li"V djrk gS fd ukjh dks lekt esa u fdlh ij çHkqrk pkfg;s] u fdlh
dk çHkqRo] dsoy viuk og LFkku pkfg;s ftldh og gdnkj gSA mUgsa lÙkk ugha pkfg;s] og dsoy vius vfLrRo
dh igpku pkgrh gSA ,d Lora= bdkbZ ds #i esa thuk pkgrh gS] [kqyh gok esa lkal ysuk pkgrh gS] vkdk'k
Nwuk pkgrh gSA tcfd iq#"k ges'kk ukjh dks fu;a=.k esa j[kus ds fy;s 'kkL=ksa ds lkFk 'kL=ksa dk ç;ksx Hkh
vko';d ekurk gSA og L=h dks rksM+dj] elydj] çrkfM+r dj mlds eu esa [kkSQ cSBkdj mls ikyrw i'kq dh
October to December 2021 www.shodhsamagam.com
A Double-blind, Peer-reviewed, Quarterly, Multidiciplinary and Multilingual Research
Impact Factor 2313
SJIF (2021): 5.948
Journal
ISSN : 2581-6918 (E), 2582-1792 (P) jfoUæ pkSc,s
Year-04, Volume-04, Issue-04
SHODH SAMAGAM Page No. 2311 - 2314

rjg fu;af=r djuk pkgrk gSA blfy;s çR;sd L=h dks vkfFkZd #i lls vkRefuHkZj gksuk vko';d gS rHkh og
iq#"k ds 'kks"k.k ds f[kykQ viuh vkokt cqyan dj ik,xhA vkfFkZd vkRefuHkZjrk gh ukjh dks ihfM+r 'kksf"kr gksus
ls cpkrh gSA rlyhek uljhu dgrh gS & Þftl fnu ;g lekt L=h ds 'kjhj dk ugha] 'kjhj ds vax&çR;ax
dk ugh] L=h dh es/kk vkSj Je dk ewY; nsuk lh[k tk,xk] flQZ ml fnu L=h euq"; ds #i esa Lohd`r gksxhAÞ9
fu’d’kZ
iq#"koknh fopkj/kkjkvksa ls vkt dh ukjh eqfä pkgrh gSA blds fy, ukjh dks Lo;a fl)k cudj] viuh
Hkh#rk ls] viuh vKkurk ls] viuh vf'k{kk ls] viuh tM+rk ls] lM+hxyh eSyh gks pqdh #f<+;ksa ls eqä gksus
dk ç;kl djuk gksxk]A ukjh foe'kZ ds lkFk ukjh l'kfädj.k dh ckrsa Hkh mB dj lkeus vk jgh gSA ukjh foe'kZ
fopkj/kkjk gSA cnyrs le; esa cnyrh –f"V ls gesa lkspus dh vko';drk gSA ;g le; dqN ttZj vkSj #<+
ijaijkvksa ls eqä gksus dk gSA ,d larqyukRed yphykiu vkSj vk/kqfud lksp gh fir`lÙkkRed lksp ,oa
fopkj/kkjk esa ifjorZu ykrs gq, #<+ ijaijkvksa ls eqfä fnyk ldrk gSA blfy, lekt esa ifjorZu ykus ,oa
fodkl ds fy, f”k{kk t#jh gSA ukjh foe”kZ cgl dk eqík ugha tkx`fr dk eqík gSA gesa ;g Lohdkjuk gksxk fd
ukjh ,d thoar lÙkk gSA LoLF; vkSj xfr'khy lekt ds fy;s L=h dh Hkwfedk vkSj mlds –f"Vdks.k] mldh
lqj{kk vkSj mlds l'kfädj.k ij fopkj gksuk pkfg;s rHkh L=h foe'kZ lkFkZd fl) gksxkA fL=;ksa dks viuh
[kkeks'kh rksM+uh gksxh] vius Åij gksus okys vR;kpkjksa dk fojks/k djuk gksxkA viuh nsg vkSj viuh vfLerk ij
yxs ç'ufpUgksa ds mÙkj <wa<us gksaxsA viuk [kks;k vkRelEeku çkIr djuk gksxk] vkfFkZd #i ls Lora= ,oa
vkRefuHkZj cuuk gksxkA Hkkjrh; ukjh foe'kZ dk mís'; iq#"k ls ;q/n djuk ugha oju~ L=h dks tkx#d ,oa iq#"k
dks laosnu'khy cukuk gSA
lanHkZ lwph
1- eqäk R;kxh] ledkyhu efgyk miU;kldkjksa ds miU;klksa esa ukjh foe'kZ] veu çdk'ku dkuiqjA
2- uljhu rlyhek] u"V yM+dh u"V x|] ¼vuq-½ equequ ljdkj] ok.kh çdk'ku fnYyh i`"B 76A
3- ogh i`-la- 15A
4- ikaMs e`.kky] ifjf/k ij L=h] jk/kk —".k çdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] i`-la- 47A
5- oekZ egknsoh] J`a[kyk dh dfM+;ka] Hkwfedk lsA
6- oekZ egknso] J`a[kyk dh dfM;ka] yksd Hkkjrh çdk'ku] bykgkckn] i`-la- 27&28A
7- ;kno jktsUæ] vkneh dh fuxkg esa vkSjr] jktdey çdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] i`-la- 28A
8- uljhu rlyhek] vkSjr ds gd esa] ok.kh çdk'ku] i`-la- 47A
9- ogh] i`-la- 99A

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October to December 2021 www.shodhsamagam.com

A Double-blind, Peer-reviewed, Quarterly, Multidiciplinary and Multilingual Research
Impact Factor 2314
SJIF (2021): 5.948
Journal