Curriculum / Scheme of Studies

of
Master of Science in Chemistry
(MSc Chemistry)
(Revised in 2018)

University of Education Lahore

Page 1 of 84
 Table of Contents
SN Content Page No.

1 Introduction 3

2 Program Objectives 3

3 Vision 4

4 Mission Statement 4

5 Admission Requirements 4

6 Medium of Instruction and Examination 4

7 Program Design 5

8 Program Layout 5

9 Semester Breakup 9

10 Course Outlines 13

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Introduction:

The government policy is to shift the emphasis from aimless route learning to more
purposeful science education through active participation of the students in the
classroom. The subject of Chemistry is introduced from elementary level in general
science and as a subject at secondary and higher secondary levels.

The entry qualification for secondary school science teacher is BS/MSc in science
subjects, such as Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics or Physics, with a professional degree
in education. Keeping in view the acute shortage of chemistry teachers, chemists and
realizing that the success of any country depends upon the availability of well
trainedchemistry teachers, chemists, post graduate degree program entitled MSc
Chemistry comprising four semesters, is proposed. This MSc Chemistry program will
cater experts not only at secondary and higher secondary school chemistry education,
college level but also industries related to chemistry. The UE graduates after completion
of this program will be able to compete with graduates of other universities because this
program is designed so as to include the MSc Chemistry course to cater the needs of
chemists, scientist and chemistry teachers/subject specialists/lecturers.

The teaching is based on the development of knowledge based on fundamentals of

Organic, Inorganic, Physical, Biochemistry and Analytical Chemistry which ultimately
lead to Applied Chemistry during research and specialization.

Program Objectives:

The main objectives of this course are to:

1. Encourage intellectual development and scholarship in and through Chemistry.
2. Impart a sound knowledge of Chemistry to students and to guide them to apply
this knowledge creatively and analytically.
3. Develop in students an awareness of the applications of Chemistry including its
practical, social and economic aspects such as health, agriculture, industry and
defense.
4. Develop and improve student‟s practical, written and oral communication,
information retrieval, computer and problem solving skills.
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 5. Encourage students to become effective independent learners.
6. Develop the need based curriculum and its continuous development shall be
made considering the changing global and national requirements.
7. Develop in students the ability og group work for cooperative learning so as to
acquire respect for human values.

8. Encourage students to broaden their knowledge, to develop their own

capabilities and self-confidence, to respect learning and to participate in
continuing education.

Vision:

To develop dynamic chemists as leadersand practitioners in the teaching, research,

industry and laboratory management having content excellence along with pedagogical
competence, commitment and integrity who may ensure quality and sustainable
development at all tiers and sectors of education and research.

Mission Statement:

To achieve the highest possible standardsto prepare the dynamic leaders, practitioners in
teaching, research and management in the field of Chemistry.

Admission Requirements:

BSc (Pre-Medical or Pre-Engineering) with Chemistry or equivalent as per UE rules.

Medium of Instruction and Examination:

The medium of instruction and examination shall be ENGLISH except Islamic Studies
which is Urdu. For languages, the medium of instruction and examination shall that
language.

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 Program Design
SN No. of Credit
Categories of Courses
Courses Hours
1 Compulsory 7 28
2 General 1 2
3 Optional 1 4
4 Specialization 6 19
5 Elective 2 6
6 Thesis/Special Paper 1/2 6

Program Layout
Compulsory Courses
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM3111 Chemistry of Transition Elements 4 (3+1)
2 CHEM3112 Stereochemistry and Reaction Mechanism 4 (3+1)
3 CHEM3113 Quantum Chemistry and Gas Phase Equilibrium 4 (3+1)
4 CHEM3114 Advanced Analytical Chemistry 4 (3+1)
5 CHEM3115 Inorganic Material Chemistry 4 (3+1)
6 CHEM3116 Organic Reaction Mechanisms 4 (3+1)
7 CHEM3117 Advanced Physical Chemistry 4 (3+1)

General Courses
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 MATH3116 Mathematics for Chemist 2 (2+0)

Optional Courses
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM3118 Applied Chemistry 4 (3+1)
2 CHEM3119 Biometabolism 4 (3+1)
3 CHEM3120 Fuel Chemistry 4 (3+1)

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 Specialization
Inorganic Chemistry (Table - A)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4111 Inorganic Reaction Mechanism 4(3+1)
2 CHEM4113 Pi-Acceptor Ligands and Polymers 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4115 Inorganic Spectroscopy 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4118 Organometallics 3(3+0)
5 CHEM4120 Symmetry and Magnetochemistry 3(3+0)
6 CHEM4122 Radio and Nuclear Chemistry 3(3+0)

Organic Chemistry (Table - B)

SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4112 Heterocyclic and Organometallics 4(3+1)
2 CHEM4114 Reactive Intermediates 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4116 Organic Spectroscopy 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4119 Natural Products 3(3+0)
5 CHEM4121 Organic Synthesis 3(3+0)
6 CHEM4123 Medicinal Chemistry 3(3+0)

Analytical Chemistry (Table - C)

SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4125 Atomic Spectrophotometry 4(3+1)
2 CHEM4126 Electroanalytical Techniques 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4127 Advanced Separation Techniques 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4128 Luminescence Spectroscopy and Thermal
3(3+0)
Analysis
5 CHEM4129 Nuclear Analytical Techniques 3(3+0)
6 CHEM4130 Food and Drug Analysis 3(3+0)

Physical Chemistry (Table - D)

SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4143 Electrochemistry and Statistical Thermodynamics 4(3+1)
2 CHEM4144 Polymer Chemistry 3(3+0)
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 3 CHEM4145 Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4146 Reaction Dynamics 3(3+0)
5 CHEM4147 Radiation and Photochemistry 3(3+0)
6 CHEM4148 Colloid and Surface Chemistry 3(3+0)

Fuel Chemistry (Table - E)

SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4149 Chemistry of Coal Conversion 4(3+1)
2 CHEM4150 Petroleum and Petrochemicals-I 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4151 Characterization of Fossil Fuels 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4152 Coal Conversion Processes 3(3+0)
5 CHEM4153 Petroleum and Petrochemicals-II 3(3+0)
6 CHEM4154 Alternate Energy Resource 3(3+0)

Elective Courses
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEMXXXX Elective Course–I 3(3+0)
2 CHEMXXXX Elective Course–II 3(3+0)

Thesis / Special Paper / Research Project

SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEMXXXX Special Paper –I 3 (3+0)
2 CHEM4117/ Thesis/ 6 (0+6) /
CHEMXXXX Special Paper – II 3 (3+0)

List of Elective Courses / Special Papers for Semester III & IV

SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4131 Common Industries – I 3(3+0)
2 CHEM4132 Agro Based Industries and Pollution Control 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4133 Common Industries - II 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4134 Organic Based Industries 3(3+0)
5 CHEM4135 Industrial Processes 3(3+0)
6 CHEM4136 Metallurgy and Explosives 3(3+0)
7 CHEM4138 Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis 3(3+0)
8 CHEM4139 Physical Techniques in Biochemistry 3(3+0)
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9 CHEM4140 Microbiology and Immunology 3(3+0)
10 CHEM4141 Bio-nanotechnology 3(3+0)
11 CHEM4142 Nutritional Chemistry 3(3+0)

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 Semester Breakup
Semester-I
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 MATH3116 Mathematics for Chemist 2(2+0)
2 CHEM3111 Chemistry of Transition Elements 4(3+1)
3 CHEM3112 Stereochemistry and Reaction Mechanism 4(3+1)
4 CHEM3113 Quantum Chemistry and Gas Phase Equilibrium 4(3+1)
5 CHEM3114 Advanced Analytical Chemistry 4(3+1)
Semester-II
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM3115 Inorganic Material Chemistry 4(3+1)
2 CHEM3116 Organic Reaction Mechanisms 4(3+1)
3 CHEM3117 Advanced Physical Chemistry 4(3+1)
CHEM3118 Applied Chemistry 4(3+1)
4* CHEM3119 Biometabolism 4(3+1)
CHEM3120 Fuel Chemistry 4(3+1)
* Student may opt any one course
Semester-III
Specialization in Inorganic Chemistry (Table - A)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4111 Inorganic Reaction Mechanism 4(3+1)
2 CHEM4113 Pi-Acceptor Ligands and Polymers 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4115 Inorganic Spectroscopy 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4XXX Elective - I (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
5 CHEM4XXX Elective - II (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
Specialization in Organic Chemistry (Table - B)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4112 Heterocyclic and Organometallics 4(3+1)
2 CHEM4114 Reactive Intermediates 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4116 Organic Spectroscopy 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4XXX Elective - I (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3(3+0)
5 CHEM4XXX Elective - II (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3(3+0)
Specialization in Analytical Chemistry (Table - C)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4125 Atomic Spectrophotometry 4(3+1)
2 CHEM4126 Electroanalytical Techniques 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4127 Advanced Separation Techniques 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4XXX Elective - I (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3(3+0)
5 CHEM4XXX Elective - II (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers)
3(3+0)

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 Specialization in Physical Chemistry (Table - D)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4143 Electrochemistry and Statistical Thermodynamics 4(3+1)
2 CHEM4144 Polymer Chemistry 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4145 Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4XXX Elective - I (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3(3+0)
5 CHEM4XXX Elective - II (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3(3+0)
Specialization in Fuel Chemistry (Table - E)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4149 Chemistry of Coal Conversion 4(3+1)
2 CHEM4150 Petroleum and Petrochemicals-I 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4151 Characterization of Fossil Fuels 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4XXX Elective - I (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3(3+0)
5 CHEM4XXX Elective - II (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3(3+0)
Semester-IV
Specialization in Inorganic Chemistry (Table - A)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4118 Organometallics 3(3+0)
2 CHEM4120 Symmetry and Magnetochemistry 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4122 Radio and Nuclear Chemistry 3(3+0)
4 CHEMXXXX Special Paper - I (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
CHEM4117/ Thesis/ 6 (0+6)
5
CHEMXXXX Special Paper - II (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
Specialization in Organic Chemistry (Table - B)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4119 Natural Products 3(3+0)
2 CHEM4121 Organic Synthesis 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4123 Medicinal Chemistry 3(3+0)
4 CHEMXXXX Special Paper - I (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
CHEM4117/ Thesis/ 6 (0+6)
5
CHEMXXXX Special Paper - II (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
Specialization in Analytical Chemistry (Table - C)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4128 Luminescence Spectroscopy and Thermal Analysis 3(3+0)
2 CHEM4129 Nuclear Analytical Techniques 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4130 Food and Drug Analysis 3(3+0)
4 CHEMXXXX Special Paper - I (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
CHEM4117/ Thesis/ 6 (0+6)
5 CHEMXXXX Special Paper - II (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)

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 Specialization in Physical Chemistry (Table - D)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4146 Reaction Dynamics 3(3+0)
2 CHEM4147 Radiation and Photochemistry 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4148 Colloid and Surface Chemistry 3(3+0)
4 CHEMXXXX Special Paper - I (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
CHEM4117/ Thesis/ 6 (0+6)
5
CHEMXXXX Special Paper - II (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
Specialization in Fuel Chemistry (Table - E)
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4152 Coal Conversion Processes 3(3+0)
2 CHEM4153 Petroleum and Petrochemicals-II 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4154 Alternate Energy Resource 3(3+0)
4 CHEMXXXX Special Paper - I (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
CHEM4117/ Thesis 6 (0+6)
5
CHEMXXXX Special Paper - II (List of Elective Courses / Special Papers) 3 (3+0)
List of Elective Courses / Special Papers for Semester III & IV
SN Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
1 CHEM4131 Common Industries – I 3(3+0)
2 CHEM4132 Agro Based Industries and Pollution Control 3(3+0)
3 CHEM4133 Common Industries – II 3(3+0)
4 CHEM4134 Organic Based Industries 3(3+0)
5 CHEM4135 Industrial Processes 3(3+0)
6 CHEM4136 Metallurgy and Explosives 3(3+0)
7 CHEM4138 Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis 3(3+0)
8 CHEM4139 Physical Techniques in Biochemistry 3(3+0)
9 CHEM4140 Microbiology and Immunology 3(3+0)
10 CHEM4141 Bio-nanotechnology 3(3+0)
11 CHEM4142 Nutritional Chemistry 3(3+0)

Note:
 Specialization:
Students of semester III & IV may be divided into one or more group/s of specialization depending upon
the Expertise, Faculty and Facilities available.
 Elective Courses and Special Papers:
Any of the Elective Course and Special Paper will be selected from the list of elective courses / special
papers for semesters III & IV.
 Start and Evaluation of Thesis:
The Thesis (Research work) will start in Semester III but the evaluation of Thesis will be carried out at the
end of Semester IV after viva-voce of student.
 Industrial / Study Tour:
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Visit to any industry/organization in semester III and/or IV to understand the objectives and contents of
industries / organizations and also laboratory management which is a good application of practical
knowledge.

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 Course Outline (Semester - I)
Course Title: Mathematics for Chemist
Course Code: MATH3116
Credit Hours: 2(2+0)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The essential tools of calculus.
 The application of these concepts and the techniques in their respective
disciplines.
Course Outlines:
Preliminaries: Real numbers and the real line,Functions and their graphs: Polynomial
functions, Rational functions, Trigonometric functions, Transcendental functions. Slope
of a line, Equation of a line, Solution of equations involving absolute values, Inequalities,
Limits and Continuity, Limit of a function, Left hand and right hand limits, Continuity,
Continuous functions.
Differentiation: Derivatives and its applications, Differentiation of polynomial, Rational
and transcendental functions, Extreme values of functions.
Integration:Integration and indefinite integrals, Integration by substitution, Integration
by parts, Change of variables in indefinite integrals, Least-squares line.

Recommended Books:
th
 Thomas. Calculus. Addison Wesley publishing company, 2005;11 Ed.
th
 Anton, H; Bevens, I; Davis, S. Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, 2005; 8 Ed.
 Hughes-Hallett; Gleason; McCallum. Calculus Single and Multivariable. John
rd
Wiley & Sons, 2002;3 Ed.
th
 Frank, A; Elliott, M. Calculus.Schaum‟s Outline Series.1999;4 Ed.
 Swokowski, E. W. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. P. W. S. Publishers:Boston,
1983.
 John, H. Mathews. Numerical Methods for Mathematics Science and
nd
Engineering, Prentice-Hall, 1992; 2 Ed.
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Course Title: Chemistry of Transition Elements
Course Code: CHEM3111
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The physical and chemical properties of d & f-block elements on the basis of their
electronic configurations.
 The structures of coordination compounds through development of understanding
of VBT, CFT and MOT.
Course Outlines:
Chemistry of d-Block Elements and Coordination Complexes: Back ground of
coordination chemistry, General chemical and physical properties of transition elements,
Comparison of the elements of first transition series (3d) with those of second (4d) and
third (5d) series,Nomenclature and structure of coordination complexes with coordination
number 2-6, Chelates and chelate effect, Theories of coordination complexes, Werner's
theory, Valence Bond Theory (VBT), Crystal Field Theory (CFT) and Molecular Orbital
Theory (MOT), Sidgwick„s electronic interpretation of coordination,Effective atomic
number (EAN), Jahn-Teller theorem, Magnetic properties, Spectral properties,
Isomerism, Stereochemistry, Stability constants of coordination complexes.
Chemistry of f-Block Elements: Lanthanides, General characteristics, Occurrence,
Extraction and general principles of separation, Electronic structure and position in the
periodic table, Lanthanides contraction, Oxidation states, Spectral and magnetic
properties and uses, Actinides, General characteristics, Electronic structure, Oxidation
state and position in the periodic table, Synthesis of trans uranium elements, Comparison
of d and f block elements, Half-life and decay law.
Practicals:
1. Preparations of following Inorganic Complexes:
a) Tetraamminecopper (II) sulphate
b) Potassiumtri oxalate chromate (III)
c) Potassiumtri oxalate aluminate (III)
d) Cis-potassium di oxalate diaquachromate (III).
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 2. Determination of zinc and cadmium by complexometric titration.
3. Chromatographic separations of transition metals.
4. Separation of Ni2+& Co2+, Ni2+& Cu2+and Cu2+& Fe2+ ions in a mixture by paper
chromatography.
5. Spectrophotometric determination of iron, Manganese and nickel.

Recommended Books:
 Cotton, F.A; Wilkinson, G; Murillo, C.A; Bochmann, M. Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience, 1999; 6thEd.
 Housecraft, C; Sharpe, A. G. Inorganic Chemistry. Prentice Hall, 2012; 4thEd.
 Miessler, G.L; Tarr, D.A. Inorganic Chemistry. Pearson-Prentice Hall
International, 2010; 4thEd.

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Course Title: Stereochemistry and Reaction Mechanism
Course Code: CHEM3112
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will gain knowledge about:
 The stereochemical behavior of organic molecules.
 An ability to propose mechanism of simple reactions.
Course Outlines:
Stereochemistry:Types of stereoisomers, RS and EZ notationofstereisomers, Optical
isomerism in biphenyl, allene and spiro compounds, Concept of racimizationand
resolution of racemic mixture, Stereoselectivity and stereospecificity of organic reactions,
FelkinAhn Model, Conformational isomerism of Cyclobutane, Cyclopentane,
Cyclohexane, Mono-substituted, Di-substituted Cyclohexanes and condensed rings
Organic Reactions and Mechanism:Stereochemical aspects of aliphatic addition,
substitution and elimination reactions, Concept of energy profile, Transition state and
intermediate.
Practicals:
1. Experiments using polarimeter such as to determine optical activity of a sugar
solution and to determine sugar concentration by polarimeter,
2. Isomerization of maleic acid.
3. Experiments involving aliphatic addition, Elimination and substitution reactions,
Synthesis of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol, Addition reaction to cyclohexene.
4. Synthesis of a chalcone explaining the concept of condensation and dehydration
5. N-Alkylation of phthalimide.

Recommended Books:
 Robert, T.M; Robert, N.B. Organic Chemistry.Prentice Hall:New Jersey, 1992;
6thEd.
 John, E.M. Organic Chemistry. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co: USA, 2012; 8thEd.
 Younas, M.A. Textbook of Organic Chemistry. IlmiKitabKhana, Urdu Bazar:
Lahore, 2006.

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 Morris, D.G. Stereochemistry (Basic Concepts in Chemistry). Wiley-RSC, 2002.
 Mislow, K. Introduction to Stereochemistry. Dover Publications, 2003.
 David, M. Stereochemistry (Tutorial Chemistry Texts). Royal Society of
Chemistry, 2002.
 Furniss, B.S; Hannaford, A.J; Smith, P.W.G; Tatchell, A.R. Vogel‟s Textbook of
Practical Organic Chemistry.Longman: UK, 1989; 5thEd.
 Mohan, J. Organic Analytical Chemistry, Theory and Practice. Alpha Science
International, 2003; 1stEd.
 Seiler, J.P. Good Laboratory Practice: The Why and the How. Springer, 2005;
2ndEd.
 Brown, W.H; Fotte, C.S; Iverson, B.L; Anslyn, E.V. Organic Chemistry.
Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2012; 6thEd.
 Solomon‟s, T.W.G; Fryhle, C.B. Organic Chemistry.John-Wiley & Sons, 2011;
10thEd.
 Pavia, D.L; Kriz, G.S; Lampman, G.M; Engel, R.G.A Microscale Approach to
Organic Laboratory Techniques. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2013; 5thEd.
 Eames, J; Peach, J. M. Stereochemistry at a Glance. Blackwell Science, 2003.
 Eliel, E.L; Wilen, S.H; Doyle, M.P. Basic Organic Chemistry. John-Wiley &
Sons, 2001.
 Eliel, E.L; Wilen, S.H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. John-Wiley &
Sons, 1994.

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Course Title: Quantum Chemistry and Gas Phase Equilibrium
Course Code: CHEM3113
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The principles and theoretical background of quantum chemistry, kinetics theory
of gases and phase equilibrium.
 Various aspects of quantum mechanics, gas kinetic behavior and thermodynamics
and phase equilibrium.
Course Outlines:
Quantum Chemistry: Black body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Line spectra of
elements, Bohr atomic model, Wave and particle nature of matter, De Broglie‟s equation,
Young‟s double slit experiment, Heisenberg‟s uncertainty principle, Wave functions and
Born interpretation of wave functions, Probability density, Eigen functions and Eigen
values, Hamiltonian operator, Schrodinger wave equation, Wave functions for hydrogen-
like atomic orbitals, Radial distribution functions, Shielding and penetration, Effective
nuclear charge, Orbital energies, Periodic trends in the properties of the elements in the
periodic table.
Kinetic Theory of Gases: Probability density for molecular speeds of gas molecules,
Maxwell distribution of molecular speeds, Average speeds, Pressure of an ideal gas,
Calculation of molecular speeds, Binary collisions, Effusion and mean free paths,
Maxwell-Boltzmann‟s law of energy distribution, Method for the determination of the
Avogadro‟s number (NA), Statistical probability and entropy.
Phase Equilibrium: Gibbs phase rule, Phase diagrams of one component and two
component systems, Gibbs energy and the phase diagram of a substance, Clausius-
Clapeyron equation, Vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary liquid mixtures, Binary phase
diagrams and lever rule.
Practicals:
1. The determination of equilibrium constant of the KI + I2 = KI3 reaction.
2. The determination of kinetics of saponification of ethyl acetate.
3. The determination of acid catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose.
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 4. The determination of partial molar volumes.
5. The study of the adsorption isotherms of acetic acid-charcoal system.
6. The study of the charge transfer complex formation between iodine and benzene.
7. The determination of activation energy for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of
ethylacetate.

Recommended Books:
 Silbey, R.J; Alberty, R.A; Bawendi, M.G. Physical Chemistry. John-Wiley &
Sons, 2005; 4thEd.
 McQuarrie, D.A; Simon, J.D. Physical Chemistry-A
st
MolecularApproach.University Science Books, 1997; 1 Ed.
 Atkins, P; Paula, J.D. Atkin‟s Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 2010;
9thEd.
 Moore. W.J. Physical Chemistry.Longman Publisher, 1972; 4thEd.
 Keeler. J; Wothers, P. Chemical Structure and Reactivity: AnIntegrated
Approach, Oxford University Press, 2008; 1stEd.
 Helpern, A.M. Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook.
Prentice Hall, 1997; 2ndEd.
 Garland, C.W;Nibler, J.W; Shoemaker, D. Experiments inPhysical Chemistry.
McGraw-Hill, 2003; 8thEd.
 Born, M. Atomic Physics. Blackie & Son Ltd, 1969; 8thEd.
 Atkins, P; Jones, L. Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight. W.H. Freeman:
New York, 2010; 5thEd.
 James, A.M; Prichard, F.E. Practical Physical Chemistry. Longman Group
Limited: New York, 1974;3rdEd.

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Course Title: Advanced Analytical Chemistry
Course Code: CHEM3114
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will be able to:
 Understand the basics principles, instrumental aspects and applications of
separation andspectrophotometric analytical methods.
Course Outlines:
Separation Methods: Principle of solvent extraction, Solvent extraction of metals,
Analytical separations, Multiple batch extraction, Counter current distribution, Solid-
phase extraction, Principles of chromatography, Classification of chromatographic
techniques, Overview of paper, Thin layer, Column, Ion exchange chromatography and
electrophoresis.
Analytical Spectrophotometry: Properties of light and its interaction with matter,
Relation between frequency, Velocity and wave number, Lambert-Beer‟s law and its
limitations, Single beam and double beam spectrophotometers, Lamps and lasers as
sources of light, Monochromators, Detectors, Photomultiplier tube, Photodiode array,
Charged coupled device, Signal /Noise ratio.
Practicals:
1. Separation of phenol from given organic mixture using solvent extraction.
2. Separation of given mixture of cations using paper chromatography.
3. Analysis of the composition of a mixture of nitro anilines by TLC.
4. Separation of sugars using paper chromatography.
5. Separation of amino acids using paper/thin layer chromatography.
6. Deionization and softening of water using ion exchange chromatography.
7. Determination ofλ max of KMnO4 solutions and verifications of Beer-Lambert
Law.
8. Determination of λ max of K2Cr2O7 solutions and verification of Beer-Lambert‟s
law.
9. Determination of stoichiometry of a metal complex by visible spectrometry.
10. Determination of aspirin and caffeine in a proprietary analgesic by doublebeam
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 UV-Vis spectrometer.
11. Quantification of iron in a given sample by using single beamspectrophotometer.
12. A study of characteristics infrared absorption frequencies.

Recommended Books:
 Skoog, D.A; West, P.M; Holler, F.J; Crouch, S.R. Fundamentals ofAnalytical
Chemistry. Brooks Cole Publishing Company, 2013; 9thEd.
 Harris, D.C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. W.H. Freeman andCompany: New
York, 2011; 8thEd.
 Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons: NewYork, 2006;
6thEd.
 Kealey, D; Haines, P.J. BIOS Instant Notes in Analytical Chemistry. Bios Saence
Publisher: Oxford& UK, 2002; 1stEd.
 Pavia, D.L; Lampman, G.M; Kriz, G.S; Vyvyan, J.A. Introductionto
spectroscopy. Cengage Learning, 2008; 4thEd.
 Wall, P.E. Thin Layer Chromatography: A Modern Approach
(RSCChromatography Monographs). Royal Society of Chemistry,2005; 1stEd.
 Deinstrop, E.H. Applied Thin Layer Chromatography. Wiley-VCH, 2006; 2ndEd.
 Kellener. R; Mermet. J.M; Otto, M; Valcarcel, M; Widmer, H.M. Analytical
Chemistry: A Modern Approach to Analytical Science. Wiley VCH, 2004.
 Hollas, J. M. Modern Spectroscopy.John-Wiley & Sons, Ltd: England,2004;
4thEd.

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 Course Outline (Semester - II)
Course Title: Inorganic Material Chemistry
Course Code: CHEM3115
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The various types of inorganic materials.
 The structure, synthesis, characterization and applications in various fields.
Course Outlines:
Introduction to inorganic materials: Introduction to nano materials, Crystalline and
amorphous states, Bonding in solids, Crystal defects, Non-stoichiometric compounds,
Binary solid solutions.
Properties of inorganic materials: Mechanical, Electrical, Magnetic, Dielectric,
Optical, and chemical (corrosion) properties of advanced materials, Synthesis (sol-gel,
hydrothermal techniques).
Designing and characterization: Doping and purification of silicone, Chemical and
physical vapor deposition, XRF, XRD and sputtering.
Practicals:
1. Estimation of anions in mixtures:Chloride-phosphate, Chloride-nitrate, Oxalate-
chloride, Sulphate-phosphate, Bromide-nitrate, Borate-acetate, Iodide-nitrate.
2. Iodometric titration with potassium iodate.
3. Gravimetric estimation of oxalate.
4. Precipitation Titrations:a) Determination of strength of NaCl given solution by AgNO3
using fluorescein as indicator.b) Determination of % age purity of KBr, %
composition of mixture of KI & KNO3 using eoscein as indicator.
5. Spectrophotometric determination of cerium.
6. Separation of heavy metals using solvent extraction technique.
Recommended Books:
 Cotton, F.A; Wilkinson, G; Murillo, C.A; Bochmann, M. Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience, 1999; 6thEd.
Page 22 of 84
 Huheey, J.E; Keiter, E.A; Keiter, R.L. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of
Structure and Reactivity.Prentice Hall, 1997; 4thEd.
 Housecraft, C; Sharpe, A.G. Inorganic Chemistry. Prentice Hall, 2012; 4th Ed.
 Rodgers G.E. Descriptive Inorganic, Coordination and Solid
StateChemistry.Brooks- Cole, 2012; 3rdEd.

Page 23 of 84
Course Title: Organic Reaction Mechanisms
Course Code: CHEM3116
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The aromatic substitution reactions, oxidation and reduction as well as
pericyclicreactions.
Course Outlines:
Aromatic Substitution Reactions: Mechanisms of aromatic reactions including
electrophilic nitration, suphonation, halogenation, alkylation, acylation and nucleophilic
substitutions, Effect of substituents on orientation and reactivity.
Oxidation-reductions Reactions: Common oxidizing and reducing reagents, Reactions
involving reduction of alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds and polar C-X σ bonds,
Reactions involving epoxidation, dihydroxylation, oxidative cleavage of alkenes, alkynes
and oxidation of polar C-X bonds.
Pericyclic Reactions:Introduction to pericyclic reactions, Frontier orbital theory,
Mechanisms of electrocyclic, Cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions
Practicals:
1. The experiments comprise ofaromatic substitution, oxidation/reduction reactions.
2. The pericyclic reactions.
3. The nitration of nitrobenzene to meta-dinitrobenzene.
4. The reduction of meta-dinitrobenzene to meta-nitroaniline.
5. The sulphonation of aniline.
6. The oxidation of benzaldehyde.
7. The oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone.
8. The preparation of benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol from benzaldehyde using
Cannizzaro‟s reaction.

Page 24 of 84
Recommended Books:
 Pavia, D.L; Kriz, G.S; Lampman, G.M; Engel, R.G.A Microscale Approach to
Organic Laboratory Techniques. Brooks/Cole Laboratory Series, Learning, 2013;
5thEd.
 Furniss, B.S; Hannaford, A.J; Smith, P.W.G;Tatchell, A.R. Vogel‟s Textbook of
Practical Organic Chemistry. Longman; UK, 1989; 5thEd.
 Mohan, J. Organic Analytical Chemistry: Theory and Practice. Alpha Science:
New Delhi India, 2003; 1stEd.
 Robert,T.M; Obert, N.B.Organic Chemistry. Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 1992;
6thEd.
 Tse-Lok, H. Symmetry: A Basis for Synthesis Design. John-Wiley & Sons: New
York, 1995.
 Pine, S.H. Organic Chemistry. Tata McGraw-Hill: India, 1987; 5thEd.
 Sykes, P.A. Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. Pearson Education,
1986; 6thEd.
 R. O .C. Norman “Principles of Organic Synthesis”, Blackie Academic &
Professional, 3 rd Ed. (1993).
 J. Clayden, N. Greeve, S. Warren, P. Wothers, “Organic Chemistry”, 1 st Ed.,
Oxford University Press, USA (2001).

Page 25 of 84
Course Title: Advanced Physical Chemistry

Course Code: CHEM3117

Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The theoretical and instrumental as well as application related aspects of
conductometry.
 The electrochemical techniques and surface chemistry.
 The nuclear binding energy, nuclear instabilities and decay mechanisms as well as
the fission and fusion processes.
1. Conductometry: Ions in solution, Measurement of conductance and
Kohlrausch‟s law, Mobility of ions and transport number, Conductometric
titrations, Debye-Huckel theory and activity coefficient, Determination of
activities, Application of conductance measurement.
2. Electrochemistry: Redox reactions, Spontaneous reactions, Electrochemical
cells, Standard electrode potentials, Liquid junction potential, Electrochemical
series, Nernst‟s equation, Thermodynamic of redox reactions, Measurement of pH
and pKa, Dynamic electrochemistry, Latimer diagram, Frost diagram, Electrolytic
cells, Potentiometry (Instrumentation & Applications), Reference and indicator
electrodes, Voltammetry ((Instrumentation, Applications & types), Fuel cells,
Corrosion and its prevention,. Fuel cell and hydrogen economy
3. Surface Chemistry: Interfaces, Gibbs surface excess, Capillary action,
Adsorption and adsorption isotherms, Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption
isotherms, Catalysis, Colloids, Emulsion and their industrial applications.
4. Nuclear Chemistry: Atomic nucleus, Nuclides, Nuclear stability, Modes of
decay, Nuclear energetics, Nuclear models (shell + liquid drop model), Fusion
and fission, Non-spontaneous nuclear processes, Nuclear reactors, Beta decay
systematic.
Practicals:

 Spectroscopic determination of Cu percentage in the given sample.

Page 26 of 84
  Electrochemical separation of copper or other metals from their salts.
 Conductometric determination of Cu (II)-EDTA mole ratio in the complex.
 To determine the effectiveness of an extraction of I2 solution by using
solventextraction method.
 Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method.
 Determination of percentage composition of KMnO4/K2Cr2O7 in a given solution
by spectrophotometry.
 Evaluation of pKa value of an indicator by spectrometric method.
 Conductometric determination of hydrolysis constant (Kh) of conjugate base of a
weak acid.

Recommended Books:

 Silbey, R.J; Alberty, R.A; Bawendi, M.G. Physical Chemistry. John-Wiley &
Sons, 2005; 4thEd.
 Ball, D.W. Physical Chemistry. Brooks/Cole Company, 2003.
 Vertes, A;Nagy, S; Klencsar, Z. Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry.Basics of
Nuclear Science, Springer, 2003; vol 1; 1stEd.
 Choppin, G; Liljenzin, J.O; Rydberg, J. Radiochemistry and NuclearChemistry.
Butterworth- Heinemann, 2002; 3rdEd.
 Loveland, W; Morrisey, D.J; Seaborg, G.T. Modern NuclearChemistry. John-
Wiley & Sons, 2006.
 Atkins, P; Paula, J.D. Atkin‟s Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2010;
9thEd.
 Somorjai, G.A; Li, Y. Introduction to Surface Chemistry andCatalysis.John-Wiley
& Sons, 2010; 2ndEd.
 Laidler, K.J. Chemical Kinetics.Prentice Hall, 1987; 3rdEd.
 Atkins, P; Jones, L. Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight. W.H. Freeman:
New York, 2010; 5thEd.
 James, A.M; Prichard, F.E. Practical Physical Chemistry. Longman Group
Limited: New York, 1974; 3rdEd.

Page 27 of 84
Course Title: Applied Chemistry

Course Code: CHEM3118

Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will gain understanding about:
 The importance of water and its quality requirements for the industrial uses.
 The water treatment techniques and the composite materials.
Course Outlines:
Water Treatment, Steam Production and Scale Removal: Sources of water hardness,
Water treatment and conditioning for municipal andindustrial purposes, Steam production
and its utilization for power and energy generation, Boiler water treatment, Chemistry
involved in the formation of scale and its prevention.
Distillation: Vapour liquid equilibrium, Methods of getting equilibrium data for binary
systems, Construction of equilibrium diagram, Designing of distillation column, Reflux
ratio and its importance.
Composite Materials: Introduction to composite material, Classification of composite
on the basis ofreinforcement (Particle-Reinforced composite, Fibre-reinforced composite,
Structural composites) and classification of composites on the basis of matrix phase
(polymer-matrix composite, metal-matrix composite, ceramics-matrixcomposite, carbon-
carbon composite, hybrid-composite, laminar composite, sandwich panels), Synthesis,
Properties and applications of composite materials.
Practicals:
1. Measurement of water hardness with EDTA titrations.
2. Estimation of total solids in water.
3. Estimation of chloride in water.
4. Estimation of ferrous and ferric ions in drinking water by redox titration.
5. Extraction of capsicum oil (soxhlet extraction).
6. Extraction of clove oil from cloves.
7. Preparation of liquid detergents.
8. Study of the kinetics of dissolution of magnesium metal in dilute HCl.
9. Estimation of manganese in steel.
Page 28 of 84
 10. Estimation of ferric iron in cement.

Recommended Books:

 Erwin D.L. Industrial Chemical Process Design. McGraw-Hill, 2002.

 Chawla, K.K. Composite Materials: Science and Engineering.Springer, 2012;
3rdEd.
 Methews, F.L; Rawlings, R.D. Composite Materials: Engineering andSciences.
CRC Press, 2003.
 Deborah, D.L. Composite Materials: Science and Applications. Springer, 2010;
2ndEd.
 Gay, D; Hoa, S.V. Composite Materials: Design and Applications.CRC Press,
LLC, 2007; 2ndEd.
 Kister, H. Distillation Operation.McGraw-Hill Professional, 1990; 1stEd.
 Kister, H. Distillation Design.McGraw-Hill Professional, 1992; 1stEd.
 Tchobanoglous, G; Burton, F.L; Stensel, H.D. WastewaterEngineering: Treatment
and Reuse.McGraw-HillProfessional, 2003; 4thEd.
 Callister, W.D. Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction.John-Wiley
& Sons, 2007; 7thEd.
 Roussak, O.V; Gesser, H.D. Applied Chemistry: A Textbook forEngineers and
Technologists.Springer, 2013; 2ndEd.
 Mizrahi, J. Developing an Industrial Chemical Process: An IntegratedApproach.
CRC Press, 2002.

Page 29 of 84
Course Title: Biometabolism
Course Code: CHEM3119
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The fundamental concepts of energy production and the mechanisms of major
macromolecules (amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids).
 The metabolism and regulation and inhibition of the metabolic pathways.
Course Outlines:
Intermediary Metabolism and Bioenergetics: Biological oxidation-reduction including
respiratory carriers, Cell bioenergetics, Oxidative phosphorylation, Free energy change
and redox system.
Enzymes: Enzyme-substrate interactions and nature of active site, Mechanism of enzyme
action with specific reference to chymotrypsin and ribonuclease, Kinetics of single
substrate reactions, Enzyme inhibition, Regulatory enzymes, Allosteric enzymes,
Multienzyme system, Zymogens and isozymes, Enzymatic control of metabolic
pathways, Immobilized enzymes, Synthesis, Propertiesand uses.
Metabolism of Carbohydrates: Digestion, Absorption and transport of sugars into cell,
Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, HMP pathway and its significance, Uronic acid pathway,
Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Photosynthesis.
Metabolism of Lipids: Digestion of lipids, Absorption and transport of lipids and fatty
Acids, Oxidation saturated and unsaturated, Odd chain and branched chain fatty acids,
Biosynthesis of fatty acids and eicosanoids, Biosynthesis of triglycerides, Phosphides,
Steroid and bitter acids, Biosynthesis and utilization of ketone bodies.
Metabolism of Proteins: Digestion of proteins, Absorption and transport of amino acids
to the cell, Biochemical reaction of amino acids: Decarboxylation, Deamination,
Transamination and transmethylation, Metabolism of essential amino acids, Metabolic
disorders, Urea cycle, Creatine and uric acid synthesis, Inter-relationship between
carbohydrate, Lipid and protein metabolism.

Page 30 of 84
Metabolism of Nucleic Acids: Biosynthesis and catabolism of purines and pyrimidines
and their regulation, Synthesis, Catabolism of nucleosides, DNA polymerases and other
enzymes involves in metabolism.
Practicals:
1. Separation of proteins by electrophoresis.
2. Separation of nucleic acids by electrophoresis.
3. Column chromatographic separations of protein resolution.
4. Blood glucose estimation, RFT, LFT, Lipid profile, Cardiac markers, Bone
markers, Pancreatic markers, Anemia profile, Trace elements, Urine CSF.
5. Immunochemical techniques.
6. Determination of type of inhibition.
7. Determination of Michaelis constant in the presence and absence of inhibitors.

Recommended Books:

 Voet, D; Voet, J.D. Biochemistry.John-Wiley & Sons: Canada, 2011;4thEd.

 Nelson, D.L; Cox, M.M. Lehninger‟s Principles of Biochemistry. Freeman, 2012;
6thEd.
 Murray, R;Bender, D; Botham, K.M; Kennely, P.J; Rodwall, V;Weil, P.A.
Harper‟s Biochemistry, 2012; 29thed.
 Zubay, G.L. Biochemistry. W.M.C. BrownPublishers, 1998; 4thEd.
 Guyton, A.C; Hall, J.E. Guyton & Hall Text Book of
th
MedicalPhysiology.Saunders Elsevier, 2011; 12 Ed.
 Plummer, D.T. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. TATAMcGraw-Hill
Publishing Company LTD, 2010; 3rdEd.
 Sawhney, S.K; Sing, R. Introductory Practical Biochemistry.Narosa Publishing
House: New Delhi, 2005; 2ndEd.
 Robert, A. Copeland, Enzymes: A Practical Introduction to Structure, Mechanism
and Data analysis. John-Wiley & Sons,2000;2ndEd.

Page 31 of 84
Course Title: Fuel Chemistry
Course Code: CHEM3120
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will be able to understand:
 The chemistry of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas and their
conversion processes to get useful chemical products.
 The alternative fuels to be used in case of non-availability of petroleum based
oils.
Course Outlines:
Chemistry of Fossil Fuels: Classification of fossil fuels.Origin of coal, Petroleum and
natural gas, Preliminary treatment of crude oil, Fractionation of crude oil, Properties of
petroleum products i.e. CNG, LPG, Gasoline, Kerosene, Dieselfuels and lubricating oils.
Coal storage and cleaning, Carbonization of coal: Low temperature and high temperature
carbonization, Coking and non-coking coals, Separation of tar from coke oven gas,
Hydrogen sulfide removal fromcoke oven gas.
Introduction to Alternate Sources of Energy: Biomass as energy resources, Biogas
technology, Alcohols and its uses as alternative fuel, Hydrogen production, Storage,
Handling and its uses as alternative fuel, Fuel cells and its application,Solar energy
collector, Nuclear fuels,Fission and fusion, Nuclear reactors and introduction to Hydral
energy.
Practicals:
1. Determination of moisture contents of coal mined in different parts of Pakistan.
2. Determination of ash contents of coal mined in different parts of Pakistan.
3. Determination of volatile matter of coal.
4. Determination of fixed carbon contents of coal.
5. Determination of hydrogen and nitrogen contents of the coal.
6. Determination of chlorine and oxygen in coal.
7. Determination of various forms of sulfur in coal.
8. Determination of specific and API gravity of petroleum fractions.
9. Estimation of carbon residue in petroleum products (Conradson method).

Page 32 of 84
 10. Determination of ash content in petroleum products.
11. Determination of sulfated ash in lube oil.
12. Estimation of water, sediments and oil in crude oil by centrifuge method.
13. Determination of cloud and pour point of lube-oil.
14. Estimation of asphalt in road samples.

Recommended Books:

 Gyngell, E.S. Applied Chemistry for Engineers. Edward Arnold Publisher:

London, 1989.
 Harker, J.H; Backurst, J.R. Fuel and Energy. Academic Press:London and New
York, 1988.
 Wilson, P.J; Wells, J.H. Coal Coke and Coal Chemicals. McGraw-HillBook
Company: London, 1980.
 Hobson, G.D. Modern Petroleum Technology, Part-I. John Wily & Sons:Toronto,
1984.
 Goodger, E.M. Alternative Fuels (chemical energy resources). TheMacmillan
press: London, 1980.
 Twidell, J; Weir, T. Renewable Energy Resources.Sopn: London& NewYork,
1986.
 Matar, S; Hatch, L.W. Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes.Gulf Publishing
Company: USA, 2002; 2ndEd.

Page 33 of 84
 Course Outline (Semester - III)
Course Title: Inorganic Reaction Mechanism
Course Code: CHEM4111
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge:
 The different mechanisms of inorganic reactions and their applications towards
understanding different types of complexes.
 The various estimation of various metal cations in transition metal compounds.
 To have expertise about the determination of dissociation constant.
Course Outlines:
Inorganic Reaction Mechanism
Classification of reaction mechanisms, Rate laws, Steady state approximation, Inert and
labile complexes, Substitution reactions in octahedral complexes and square planar
complexes, Acid hydrolysis, Base hydrolysis, Steric effects of inert ligands, Nucleophilic
reactivity, Trans-effect, Cis-effect, Racemization reactions. Mechanism of electron
transfer reactions, Oxidation reduction reactions of metal ions, Outer and inner sphere
mechanisms, Factors affecting rate of electron transfer reactions, Two electrons transfer
reactions, Complementary or non-complementary electron transfer reactions, Oxidative
addition, Addition of oxygen, Hydrogen, HX, Organic halides and bimetallic species,
Reductive elimination reactions.
Practicals:
1. The resolution of cis-dichlorobis (ethylenediamine) chromium (III) chloride into
its optical isomers.
2. The preparation and resolution of the tris (ethylenediamine) cobalt (III) ion into
its optical antipodes.
3. Estimation of Al (III) and Fe (III) using 8-hydroxyquinoline.
4. Estimation of Ni (II) in the presence of Cu (II).
5. Determination of chloride in the presence of iodide and evaluation of Ksp of AgI
and AgCl.

Page 34 of 84
 6. Determination of dissociation constant Ka for acetic acid.
7. Determination of Ni+2 ions by EDTA (back titration).
8. Determination of Ca+2 and Zn+2 ions by EDTA (masking titration).
9. Titration of strong acid and weak acid with a strong base.
10. Precipitation titration involving AgNO3 and KCl.
11. The synthesis of various metal complexes and coordination polymers of
transition.
12. Use of organic reagents for the estimation of various metal ions.
13. Synthesis of ferrocene and acetyl ferrocene.
14. Synthesis of triarylphosphines
15. Reduction of anisole by lithium-birch-reduction.
16. Preparation of ferrocenyloximes
17. Preparation of zinc-porphyrin complexes
18. Synthesis of zinc-phthalocyanine
19. Synthesis of coordination polymers of transition metals.
Recommended Books:
 Elschenbroich, C; Salzer, A. Organometallics. VCH Weinheim, 1992.
 Huheey, J.E; Keiter, E.A; Keiter, R.L. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of
Structure and Reactivity. Prentice Hall, 1997; 4thEd.
 Jolly, W.L. Modern Inorganic Chemistry. McGraw-Hill Company, 1991; 2nd Ed.
 Jordan, R.B. Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallics Systems.
Oxford University Press: New York, 1998; 2ndEd.
 Lucas, C.R; Walsh, K.A. Organometallics Chemistry of Molybdenum. Journal of
Chemical Education, 1987; 64; 265-266.
 McNeese, T.J; Ezbiansky, K.A. Photochemical Preparation and Reactivity of cis-
Cr(CO)4(CH3CN)2. Journal of Chemical Education, 1996; 73; 548-550.
 Miessler, G.L; Spessard, G.O. Organometallic chemistry-A Course Designed for
Sophomore Chemistry Students. Journal of Chemical Education, 1991; 68; 16-18.
 Sharma, S.K. Inorganic Reaction Mechanism. Discovery Publishing House, 2007.
 Shriver, D.F; Atkins, P.W. Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2001;
3rdEd.
Page 35 of 84
Course Title: Pi-Aceptor Ligands and Polymers
Course Code: CHEM4113
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The chemistry of metal carbonyls, nitrosyls and isocyanides.
 The different types of inorganic polymers.
Course Outlines:
pi-Acceptor Ligands: Introduction to pi-acceptor ligands, Effective Atomic Number
(EAN) rule and chemistry of metal carbonyls, Nitrosyls, Isocyanides, Structure
elucidation based on spectroscopic evidences, Applications and uses of metal carbonyls
and their derivatives for catalysis and organic synthesis.
Inorganic Polymers: Introduction to homoatomic and heteroatomic inorganic polymers,
Chains and cages of boron, Silicon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous and sulphur, Synthesis and
applications, Polyionic species, Isopoly and heteropoly, Anions of transition metals,
Silicates, Borates, Condensed phosphates, Zeolites.
Recommended Books:
 Brady, J.E; Sense, F. Chemistry-The Study of Matter and Its Changes. Wiley
Plus, 2009; 5thEd.
 Miessler, G.L;Tarr, D.A. Inorganic Chemistry. Prentice-Hall International, New
Jersey: USA, 2010; 4thEd.
 Huheey, J.E; Keiter, E.A; Keiter, R.L. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of
Structure and Reactivity. Prentice Hall, 1997; 4thEd.
 Shriver, D.F; Atkins, P.W; Langford, C.H. Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford
University Press, 1994; 2ndEd.
 Atkins, P; Jones, L. Chemicals Principles: The Quest for Insight, W.H. Freeman,
2010; 5thEd.
 Ravve, A. Principles of Polymer Chemistry. Plenum Publishers, 2000; 2ndEd.
 Crabtree, R.H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals. John-
Wiley and Sons: New Jersey, 2011; 5thEd.
Page 36 of 84
Course Title: Inorganic Spectroscopy
Course Code : CHEM4115
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students will acquire understanding about:
 The various types of transitions (d-d transition, charge transfer) occurring in
transition metal compounds.
 To characterize the new compounds by application of electronic spectroscopy.
Course Outlines:
Electronic states of transition metal complexes, Russel-sander's coupling scheme,
Derivation of term symbols for d1-d10 systems, D-d transitions, Connecting atomic states
and molecular states, Correlation diagrams, Tanabe sugano diagrams, Calculation of
10Dq values, High-spin and low-spin molecules, John-teller effect, Applications of
subgroups, Selection rules for electronic transitions in molecules, LMCT and MLCT
transitions, Some examples involving different geometries.

Recommended Books:

 Yarwood, J; Bazin, P; Douthwaite, R. Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and

Organometallic Compounds. The Royal Society of Chemistry: UK, 2011; Vol 42.
 Lever, A.B.P. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy. Elsevier: UK, 1984; 2ndEd.
 Brisdon, A.K. Inorganic Spectroscopic Methods. Oxford University Press: UK,
1998.

Page 37 of 84
Course Title: Heterocyclic and Organometallics
Course Code : CHEM4112
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The C-hetro atom bond with emphasis on how it is formed and how it reacts.
 The importance and applications of compounds containing hetero atom.
 The spectroscopic techniques, their applications in qualitative and quantitative
purposes.
 How to isolate natural molecules exhibiting antioxidant activities from plant
sources.
Course Outlines:
Aromatic Heterocycles: Structure, Classification and nomenclature, Aromaticity,
Basicity and acidity of the nitrogen heterocycles, Synthesis and reactions, Chemistry of
furan, Pyrrole and thiophene, Pyridine.
Organometallic Compounds: Principles, Organomagnesium, Organolithium,
Organocopper, Organocadmium, Organomercury and organozinc compounds: Their
structure and reactivity, Methods of preparation and synthetic applications. Chemistry of
organic compounds containing sulfur, Phosphorus, Boron and silicon: Synthesis,
Reactions and application.
Practicals:
1. Experiments based on available spectroscopic techniques will be arranged, both
of qualitative and quantitative nature.
2. One and two-step synthesis using available starting material is recommended.
3. Experiments based on isolation of natural products from plants are recommended.
4. Isolation of caffeine from tea, Isolation of nicotine from tobacco, Isolation of
carvone from mint,Isolation of limonene from orange peels,Isolation of piperine
from black pepper.
5. Experiments involving multi-step synthesis: The synthesis of methyl orange.
Literature survey for laboratory work is to be carried out during the course of
studies.
Page 38 of 84
Recommended Books:
 Beckett, A.H; Stenlake, J.B. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Part II,
Continuum International Publishing Group, 1988; 4thEd.
 Claydem, J; Greeves, N; Warren, S. Organic Chemistry. Oxford University Press,
2012; 2ndEd.
 Coxon, J.M; Norman, R.O.C. Principles of Organic Synthesis. CRC Press, 1993;
3rdEd.
 Crabtree, R.H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals. John-
Wiley & Sons:New Jersey, 2009; 5thEd.
 Furniss, B.S; Hannaford, A.J; Smith, P.W.G; Tatchell, A.R. Vogel‟s Text Book of
Practical Organic Chemistry. National Book Foundation: Islamabad, 2008; 5thEd.
 Joule, J.A; Mills, K. Heterocyclic Chemistry. John-Wiley & Sons: UK, 2010.
5thEd.
 Mann, F.G; Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry. Longman: London,
1960; 4thEd.
 Mendham, J; Denney, R.C; Barnes, J.D; Thomas, M.J.K. Vogel‟s Text Book of
Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall, 2000.
 Mohan, J. Organic Analytical Chemistry: Theory and Practice. Alpha Science Int,
2003; 1stEd.
 Pavia, D.L; Kriz, G.S; Lampman, G.M; Engel, R.G. A Microscale Approach to
Organic Laboratory Techniques. Brooks/Cole Laboratory Series, Cengage
Learning, 2013; 5thEd.
 Williams, D.H; Flemming, I. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2008; 6thEd.

Page 39 of 84
Course Title: Reactive Intermediates
Course Code: CHEM4114
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The rearrangement reactions and their types including some name reactions.
 The different intermediates involved in organic reactions.
 The underlying concepts and synthetic applications.
Course Outlines:
Reactive Intermediates: Comparison between reactive intermediates and reaction
intermediates, Carbocations, Carbanions, Free radicals, Carbenes, Nitrenes&arynes, their
generation, Stability, Reactions and synthetic applications. Chemistry of enolates and
enols: Acidity of carbonyl compounds, Enolization of carbonyl compounds
Rearrangement Reactions:Types of rearrangements, General mechanisms of
nucleophilic, Free radical and electrophilic rearrangements, Hydrogen and/or carbon
migration to electron-deficient carbon, Nitrogen and oxygen, Carbon migration to
electron-rich carbon, Aromatic rearrangements, Inter and intra-molecular carbon
migration from oxygen to carbon.
Recommended Books:
 Clayden, J; Greeves, N; Warren, S. Organic Chemistry. Oxford University Press,
2012; 2nd Ed.
 Coxon, J.M; Norman, R.O.C. Principles of Organic Synthesis. Chapman and Hall:
UK, 1993; 3rd Ed.
 Brown, W.H; Fotte, C.S; Iverson, B.L; Anslyn, E.V. Organic Chemistry.
Brooks/Cole Learning, 2012; 6th Ed.
 John, E.M. Organic Chemistry. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co: USA, 2012; 8th ed.
 Robert, T.M; Robert, N.B. Organic Chemistry. Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 1992;
6th Ed.

Page 40 of 84
Course Title: Organic Spectroscopy
Course Code: CHEM4116
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The fundamental and instrumental aspects of different spectroscopic techniques.
 How to perform structural elucidation of organic compounds using spectral data.
Course Outlines:
UV-Visible: Basic concepts, Electronic transitions, Lambert-Beer‟s law, Factors
influencing the lambda max (max) values, Instrumental aspects, Woodward rules for
calculation of wavelength values.

IR spectroscopy: Basic concepts, Instrumental aspects, Absorption mechanisms,

Functional group determination and factors affecting the absorption frequencies
1
H-NMR and 13C-NMR: Instrumental aspects Chemical shift, Factors affecting chemical
shift, Spin relaxation, Spin-spin coupling, Coupling constants, Nuclearoverhauser effect,
2-D NMR, COSY and HETCOR.

Mass Spectrometry: Basic concepts, Instrumental aspects Mass spectrometers,

Ionization techniques, Different fragmentation patterns and structure elucidation,
Combined usage of IR, UV, NMR and mass spectrometric data for structure elucidation
of organic compounds having medium complexity.

Recommended Books:
 Kemp, W. Organic Spectroscopy. W.H. Freeman & Company: New York, 1991;
3rd Ed.
 Younas, M. Organic Spectroscopy. IlmiKitabKhana, Urdu Bazar Lahore:
Pakistan, 2006.
 Hollas, J.M. Modern Spectroscopy. John-Wiley & Sons, 2004; 4th Ed.
 Pavia, D.L; Lampman, G.M; Kriz, G.S; Vyvyan, J.R. Introduction to
Spectroscopy. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2009; 4th Ed.
 Williams, D. and I. Fleming, Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry,
McGraw-Hill, Newyork
 Silverstein, R. M., G. C. Bassler and T. C. Morrill, Spectrometric

Page 41 of 84
Course Title: Atomic Spectrophotometry
Course Code: CHEM4125
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The theoretical aspects &instrumentation of different atomic spectroscopic
methods.
 The applications of these techniques in the field of chemical sciences.
 How to determine the various bio & organic molecules in edibles and living
system samples.
 The separation techniques used for quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Course Outlines:
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS): Principle of AAS, Concentration
dependence of absorption, Quantitative methodology, Instrumentation for atomic
absorption spectrophotometry, Radiation sources, Atomizers, Flames, Graphite furnaces
and electrochemical atomizers, Monochromators, Detectors, Handling background
absorption, Interferences, Sample handling in AAS, Preparation of the sample, Use of
organic solvents, Microwave, Digestion, Sample introduction methods, Applications of
AAS.
Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry: Principle of atomic emission spectrometry,
Atomic emission spectrometry using different plasma sources, Plasma and its
characteristics, Inductively coupled plasma, Direct current plasma, Microwave induced
plasma, Choice of argon as plasma gas, Instrumentation for ICP-MS.
Flame Photometry: Origin and classification of atomic spectroscopic methods, Position
of the signal, Intensity of the signal, Spectral line width, Principle of flame photometry,
Fate of the sample in the flame, Flame and its characteristics, Instrumentation, Merits and
limitations.

Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry: Principle, Instrumentation and Applicationsof

atomic fluorescence, Merits and limitations.

Page 42 of 84
Practicals:
1. Separation of hydrocarbons using GLC.
2. Separation of essential oils and fatty acids.
3. To determine pKa values for the given samples of weak acids by potentiometric
method.
4. Quantitative determination of sodium hydroxide by potentiometric titration.
5. Preparation of buffer solutions of definite pH.
6. Electrogravimetric determination of copper in given samples.
7. Study of thermal decomposition of copper sulfate pentahydrate and calcium
oxalatemonohydrate.
Recommended Books:
 Camilleri, P. Capillary Electrophoresis: Theory and Practice. CRC Press, 1998;
2ndEd.
 Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry. John-Wiley: New York, 2006; 6thEd.
 Harris, D.C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. W.H. Freeman and Company: New
York, 2011; 8thEd.
 Sharma, B.K. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis.Goel Publishing
House: India, 2005; 24thEd.
 Skoog, D.A; West, P.M; Holler, F.J; Crouch, S.R. Fundamentals of Analytical
Chemistry. Cengage Learning, 2013; 9thEd.

Page 43 of 84
Course Title: Electroanalytical Techniques
Course Code: CHEM4126
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The theoretical and instrumental analytical techniques.
 The applications of different electro analytical techniques.
Course Outlines:
Potentiometry: Electrode potential, Nernst equation and its use for measuring half-cell
potential, Different kinds of electrodes including glass and calomel electrodes, Working
of potentiometer and its applications including pH measurements, Ion selective electrode
systems, Ion exchange membrane electrode, Solid state membrane electrodes, Bio-
membrane electrodes, Potentiometric titrations.
Coulometry and Electrogravimetry: Basic electrochemistry, Principle, Instrumentation
of coulometry, Principle, Instrumentation of electrogravimetry, Consequences of
electrogravimetry, Ohmic drop, Activation over potential, Concentration and gas
polarization, Basic difference and merits/demerits of coulometry and electrogravimetry.

Voltammetry and Polarography: Basic principle, Voltammogram, Polarizable and non-

polarizable electrodes, Solid electrodes, Scope and limitations, Cyclic voltammetry,
Anodic stripping voltammetry. Voltammetric equation, Basic concept of polarography
and interpretation of various polarographic curves, Measurement of decomposition
potential, Diffusion and limiting currents, Derivation of Ilkovic equation, Logarithmic
analysis of polarographic wave, Advantages and limitation of dropping mercury
electrode.

Recommended Books:

 Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry. John-Wiley & Sons: New York, 2006;
6thEd.
 Harris, D.C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. W.H. Freeman and Company: New
York, 2009; 8thEd.
 Kealey, D; Haines, P.J. BIOS Instant Notes in Analytical Chemistry. Bios

Page 44 of 84
 Scientific Publishers Limited, Oxford: UK, 2002.
 Skoog, D.A; West, D.M. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry. Hot
ReinehartInc: London, 2008; 8thEd.
 Harris, D.C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. W.H. Freeman and Company: New
York, 2011; 8thEd.

Page 45 of 84
Course Title: Advanced Separation Techniques
Course Code: CHEM4127
CreditHours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The principles and instrumentation of advanced chromatographic techniques
namely GLC, HPLC and capillary electrophoresis.
 Their applications in different fields such as food,pharmaceuticals, petroleum,
environmental and other industrial sectors.
Course Outlines:.
Gas Chromatography: Principle, Sample preparation/derivatization, Separation process,
Instrumental aspects, types and applications,
HPLC: General principle, Sample preparation, Separation process (normal phase
andreverse phase separation), Instrumentation, Method development and applications
Electrophoresis: Theory and types of electrophoresis,Theoryof capillary
electrophoresis, Mobility, Electro-osmotic flow separation by CE, Instrumentation,
Modes of operation, Applications.
Recommended Books:

 Skoog, D.A; West, P.M; Holler, F.J; Crouch, S.R. Fundamentalsof Analytical
Chemistry. Cengage Learning, 2013; 9thEd.
 Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry. John-Wiley & Sons: New York, 2004;
6thEd.
 Sharma, B.K. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis.Goel Publishing
House: India, 2005; 24thEd.
 Meyer, V.R.Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. John-Wiley &
Sons, 2010; 5thEd.

Page 46 of 84
 CourseTitle: Electrochemistry and Statistical Thermodynamics
Course Code: CHEM4143
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The electrochemical processes, thermodynamic principles and mechanisms
involved in aqueous salt solutions as well as colloidal solutions.
 The molecular level treatment of the thermodynamic functions/properties using
partition functions and Boltzmann statistics.
 The practical grounds for the verification of fundamental principles of physical
chemistry and applications of these principles.
 The advance techniques like XRD and cyclic voltammetry for characterization of
materials and understandings of experimental methods of kinetics using different
interface methods like spectroscopy and polarimetry.
 The effect of operational conditions on reactions and mechanism of surface
reactions.
Course Outlines:
Electrochemistry: Electrical double layer, Interface, A look into the interface, OHP
(Outer Helmholtz Plane) and IHP (Inner Helmholtz Plane), Contact adsorption, Gibbs
surface excess, Potential differences across metal solution interfaces, Outer and surface
potential differences, Galvanic potential difference, Electrochemical potential difference,
Interfacial tension, Electro-capillary thermodynamics, Lippmann‟s equation, Helmholtz-
perrin model, Gouy-Chapmann model, Stern model of electrical double layer, BDM
(Bockris-Devanathan-Muller) model, Charge density, Differential capacitance, Shape of
capacitance-charge curve, The capacitance hump. Electrochemical devices, Charge
transfer processes in the absence and presence of electrical field, The over potential,
Butler-Volmer‟s equation, The idea of equilibrium exchange current density, The
symmetry factor, High field and low field approximation, Tafel‟s equation, Cyclic
voltammetry and its applications, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Page 47 of 84
Statistical Thermodynamics: Description of various systems, Concepts of states,
Accessible states and distribution, Probability concepts, Maxwell-Boltzmann‟s statistics
for the systems of independent particles, Partition functions, The relationship of partition
function to the various thermodynamic functions, Transitional, Vibrational and rotational
partition functions and equilibrium constant, Statistical thermodynamics, Applications to
equilibrium and chemical kinetics, Bose-Einstein‟s and Fermi-Dirac‟s statistics.
Practicals:
1. Determination of partial molar properties.
2. Determination of free energy changes, standard free energies.
3. Verification of Kohlrausch‟s law.
4. Study of temperature dependence of electrode potentials.
5. Determination of heat of solution, ionic reactions and other experiments from
thermochemistry.
6. Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method.
7. Precipitation value of electrolytes.Measurement of IR spectra of simple
compound and their interpretation.
8. Measurement of cyclic voltammogram of an organic compound and its
interpretation.
9. Determination of dipole moment of an organic liquid.
10. Determination of percentage composition of KMnO4-K2Cr2O7 in given solution
by spectrometry.
11. Evaluation of pKa value of an indicator by spectrometric method.
12. Synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles and their characterization using IR and
XRD techniques.

Recommended Books:
 Athawale, V.D; Mathur, P. Experimental Physical Chemistry. New Age
International, 2001.
 Bockris J.O.M; Reddy, A.K.N. Modern Electrochemistry: Ionics. Plenum Press:
London, 1998; Vol. I; 2ndEd.
 Farrington, D. Experimental Physical Chemistry. BiblioBazaar, 2011.
Page 48 of 84
 Garland, C.W; Shoemaker, D.P; Nibler, J.W. Experiments in Physical Chemistry.
McGraw-Hills: New York, 2003; 8thEd.
 Gasser, R.P.H. Entropy and Energy Level, Rev. ed. Oxford University Press: New
York, 1986.
 Halpern, A; McBane, G. Experimental Physical Chemistry: A
rd
LaboratoryTextbook. W. H. Freeman, 2006; 3 Ed.
 Palmer, W.G. Experimental Physical Chemistry. Cambridge University Press,
2009; 2ndEd.
 Wayatt, P.A.H. The Molecular Basis of Entropy and Chemical Equilibrium.
Royal Institute of Chemistry London: UK, 1971.

Page 49 of 84
 Course Title: Polymer Chemistry
Course Code: CHEM4144
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The fundamental principles of polymerization, synthesis methods and reaction
mechanisms & thermodynamic.
 The kinetic aspects of the polymerization, physical and mechanical properties of
polymers.
Course Outlines:
Polymer chemistry: Introduction to Polymers, Step-growth polymerization, Polymer
chain growth, Kinetics of polymer chain growth, Co-polymerization, Emulsion
polymerization, Natural and inorganic polymers, Physical aspects of polymers, Molecular
weight of polymers, Distribution, Averages, Methods of determination, Viscosity,
Osmometry, Light scattering method, Diffusion, Sedimentation, Optical rotation method,
Structure of polymer chain, Introduction to chain isomerism.
Stereochemistry: Configurations, Conformations (not in Hiemenz), Amorphous state of
polymers, In-depth examination of polymer conformation, Microstructure, Dynamics in
the amorphous state, Polymer viscoelasticity, Stress relaxation, Mechanical models of
polymer behavior, Time-temperature superposition.
Polymer Rheology: Crystalline state of polymers, Crystallization and kinetics,
Crystalline structures, Experimental methods, Polymer solutions and blends.
Recommended Books:

 Sperling, L.H. Introduction to Physical Polymer Science. Wiley- Interscience,

New York: USA, 2006; 4thEd.
 Odian, G. Principles of Polymerization. Wiley Interscience, 2004; 4thEd.
 Carraher, C.E. Carraher‟s, Polymer Chemistry. CRC Press, 2010; 8thEd.
 Ravve, A. Principles of Polymer Chemistry. Springer, 2012; 3rdEd.
 Stevens, M.P. Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction. Oxford University Press,
1998; 3rd Ed.
Page 50 of 84
 Course Title: Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
Course Code: CHEM4145
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The quantum chemistry including Schrodinger wave equation and its applications.
 The behaviour and properties of different systems.
 The different molecular spectroscopic techniques.
Course Outlines:
Quantum Chemistry: Operators and their properties, Schrodinger wave equation,
Particle in a box and a ring, Quantum mechanical tunneling, Angular momentum,
Postulates of quantum mechanics, Central field problem, Approximate methods,
Perturbation methods and variation principle, Many electron systems, Treatment of
simple harmonic oscillator, Diatomic rigid rotor, Valence bond and molecular orbital
theories, Huckel method for pi-electron approximation in aromatic compounds.
Molecular Spectroscopy: Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter,
Symmetry properties of molecules, Microwave and infrared spectroscopy, Rotational,
Vibrational and rotational-vibrational spectra of diatomic and polyatomic molecules,
Electronic spectra of simple molecules, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Recommended Books:
 Fayer, M.D. Elements of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press: UK,
2001.
 Becker, E.D. High Resolution NMR; Theory & Chemical Application. Academic
Press: New York, 2000; 3rdEd.
 House, J.E. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics. Elsevier-Academic Press: New
York, 2004; 2ndEd.
 Kirsten, H.J.W.M. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrodinger Equation
and Path Integral. World Scientific Publishing, 2006; 1stEd.

Page 51 of 84
Course Title: Chemistry of Coal Conversion
Course Code: CHEM4149
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The environmentally friendly utilization of coal and how to extract maximum
energy and convert coal in to a variety of highly demanding chemicals.
 How to use this feed stock in a number of Industries.
 The application of analytical techniques like potentiometric titration, calorimeter
for the estimation of different elements (sulfur, chlorine) in petrochemicals.
Course Outlines:
Coal: Composition, Structure, Coalification and classification of coal, ASTM
international and coal Standards. Use of coal in different industries like power generation,
Steel and other metallurgical operations.Coal exploration, Mining and mining risk
handling, Pretreatment and preparation of coals.Innovations in coal using industry.
Environmental Aspects:Pollution problems associated with coal combustion, Mining
and flue gases.
Gasification:Thermodynamics, Kinetics and catalytic aspects of coal gasification, Fixed
bed gasifier, Fluidized bed gasifier, Transport reactor, Liquid medium gasifier
andunderground gasification.Gas upgrading by carbon monoxide shift, Gas purification,
Methanation and dehydration, Properties and processing of gaseous fuels, Environmental
consideration.

Practicals:

1. Determination of the electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels,

containing static dissipator additives.
2. Determination of the total base number of petroleum products by potentiometric
titration.
3. Determination of total salt content in crude petroleum by conductivity method.
Determination of the kinematic viscosity of asphalt (bitumen).
4. Determination of heat of combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels.

Page 52 of 84
 5. Determination of neutralization number of lubricating oils by potentiometric
titration. Determination of the calorific value of coal by bomb calorimeter.
6. Determination of total sulfur in coal by bomb calorimeter.
7. Determination of chlorine in coal by bomb calorimeter.
8. Determination of the distillation behavior of petroleum fractions.
9. Determination of sulfur in petroleum products by bomb calorimeter method.
Determination of sulfur in petroleum products by lamp method.

Recommended Books:
 Speight, J.G. Handbook of Petroleum Analysis. Wiley-Interscience, 2002.
 Speight, J.G. Handbook of Coal Analysis. John Wiley and Sons: New Jersey,
2005.
 ASTM. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and
Materials, West Consbohockm, PA: USA, 2000
 Hobson, G.D. Modern Petroleum Technology, Part 2. John Wiley and Sons: New
York, 1984.
 Gates, B.C; Katzer, J.R; Schuit, G.C.A. Chemistry of Catalytic Processes.
McGraw Hill Book Company: London, 1979.
 List, H.L. Petrochemical Technology. Printice-Hall Englewood Cliffs: New
Jersey, 1986.
 Goodger, E.M. Hydrocarbon Fuels. Union Brothers Ltd: London, 1975.
 Speight, J.G. Handbook of Petroleum Analysis. Wiley-Interscience, 2002.
 Wen, C.Y; Stanley, E. Coal conversion Technology. Addison-Wesley: New York,
1979.
 Probstein, R.F; Hicks, R.E. Synthetic Fuels. McGraw Hill: New York, 1982.

Page 53 of 84
Course Title: Petroleum and Petrochemicals-I
Course Code: CHEM4150
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The modern refining operations for maximum recovery of petroleum products.
 How to use crude petroleum and its distillate products in commercial manufacture
of highly demanding petrochemicals.
Course Outlines:
Petroleum: Composition, Properties and classification of crude oils, Oil shale and tar
sands, Preparation, Structure and properties of cracking and reforming catalysts,
Mechanism of cracking and reforming, Effect of operating conditions on cracking and
reforming products, Hydroforming and desulphurization of petroleum products.
Petrochemicals:Ethylene production by thermal cracking from ethane, Propane and
naphtha, Petrochemicals from oxidation processes, Production of petrochemicals from
halogenation processes, Hydrogenation of benzene, Fats, and adiponitrite, Nitration of
benzene and toluene, Sulphonation of benzene and toluene, Alkylation of aromatics.
Recommended Books:
 Hobson, G.D. Modern Petroleum Technology, Part 2. John Wiley and Sons: New
York, 1984.
 Gates, B.C; Katzer, J.R; Schuit, G.C.A. Chemistry of Catalytic Processes.
McGraw Hill Book Company: London, 1979.
 List, H.L. Petrochemical Technology. Printice-Hall Englewood Cliffs: New
Jersey, 1986.
 Goodger, E.M. Hydrocarbon Fuels. Union Brothers Ltd: London, 1975.
 Maleev, V.L. Internal Combustion Engines. McGraw Hill Book Company:
London, 1985.
 Hughes, J.R; Swindells, N.S. Storage and Handling of Petroleum Liquids.
Charless Griffin and Company Ltd: London, 1987.
 Speight, J. G. Handbook of Petroleum Analysis. Wiley-Interscience, 2002.

Page 54 of 84
Course Title: Characterization of Fossil Fuels
Course Code: CHEM4151
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The physicochemical and instrumental analysis of fuels.
 Howto produce high quality fuel with good octane number.
Course Outlines:
Formation of Fossil Fuels: Diagenesis, Catagenesis,Fromkeragen to fossil fuels, Algal
and liptinitickerogen, Humickerogen.
Structure and Property RelationshipAmong Hydrocarbons:Intermolecular
interactions, Volatility, Density and API gravity, Viscosity, Heat of combustion, The
special effect of aromaticity.
Characterization of Fossil Fuels: Physicochemical: Determination and data
interpretation using American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) of American
Petroleum Institute(API) Gravity, Flash Point, Pour Point, Analine Point, Distillation
behaviors, Octane Number.
Cetane number and RVP: Analytical Methods: Analytical methods in the production of
analytes and quality assurance of fuels using GC-FID, GC-MS, Calorimetry, Atomic
absorption, ICP.
Recommended Books:
 Ewing, G.W. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis. McGraw Hill: London,
1985.
 Chrisition, G.D. Instrumental Analysis, Allyn and Bacon. Boston: London, 1986.
 Schobert, H. Chemistry of Fossil Fuels and Biofuels. Cambridge University Press:
New York, 2013.

Page 55 of 84
 Course Outline (Semester - IV)
Course Title: Organometallics
Course Code: CHEM4118
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The chemistry of organometallics especially with reference to their types and
bonding.
 The reactivity of organometallic compounds in homogeneous catalysis.
Course Outlines:
Fundamentals of Organometallics: Organometallic compounds, Types of bonding in
organometallics, Single, Double and triple bonds to carbon (compound types, acyls,
alkylidene complexes and alkylidyne complexes), Delocalized hydrocarbon systems
(alkenes, olefins, allyl and butadienes).
Organometallic Complexes: Alkyne complexes, Cyclic p-complexes (five and six
membered rings), Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, Dimerization, Oligomerization,
Polymerization, Hydroformylation of olefins, Catalytic polymerization of
acetylenes.Insertion reactions and uses of organometallic compounds in organic
synthesis.
Recommended Books:
 Powell, P. Principles of Organometallics Chemistry. Springer, 1998; 2ndEd.
 Yamamoto, A. Organotransition Metal Chemistry; Fundamental Concepts and
Applications. John-Wiley & Sons, 1986; 1stEd.
 Cotton, F.A; Wilkinson, G; Murillo, C.A; Bochmann M. Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry. Wiley-Intersceince: New York, 1999; 6thEd.
 Miessler, G.L; Fisher, P.J; Tar, D.A. Inorganic Chemistry. Prentice Hall, 2013;
5thEd.
 Douglas, B; McDaniel, D; Alexander, J. Concepts and Models of Inorganic
Chemistry. John-Wiley & Sons, 1994; 3rdEd.

Page 56 of 84
Course Title: Symmetry and Magnetochemistry
Course Code: CHEM4120
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The magnetic properties from chemistry point of view.
 The magnetism and group theory.
Course Outlines:
Symmetry and Group Theory: Symmetry and group theory, Point groups,
Multiplication tables, Group representation and development of character
tables,Application of symmetry in vibrational spectroscopy for assigning point groups to
linear and bent triatomic molecules.
Magnetochemistry: Theory of magnetism, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferro, Ferri
and antiferromagnetism, Magnetic susceptibility, Magnetic moments, Faraday‟s &Gouy‟s
methods, Effect of temperature on magnetic properties of complexes, Electron spin
resonance spectroscopy, Magnetic moment of lanthanides.
Recommended Books:
 Mackay, K.M; Mackay, R.A; Henderson, W. Introduction to Modern Inorganic
Chemistry. CRC Press, 2002; 6thEd.
 Miessler, G.L; Fisher, P.J; Tar, D.A. Inorganic Chemistry. Prentice Hall, 2013;
5thEd.
 Purcell, K.F; Kotz, J.C. An Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry. W.B. Saunders,
Company Holt-Saunders, 1980.
 Cotton, F.A; Wilkinson, G; Murillo, C.A; Bochmann, M. Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry. Wiley-Intersceince: New York, 1999; 6thEd.
 Jolly, W.L. Modern Inorganic Chemistry. McGraw-Hill Company, 1991; 2ndEd.
 Carter, R.L. Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory. John-Wiley & Sons: New
York, 1997; 1stEd.
 McWeeny, R. Symmetry: An Introduction to Group Theory and its Applications.
Dover Publications, 2002.
 Vincet, A. Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory. John Wiley Ltd, 2001; 2ndEd.
Page 57 of 84
Course Title: Radio and Nuclear Chemistry
Course Code: CHEM4122
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The radio and nuclear chemistry and nuclear reactions.
 The applications of nuclear and radiation chemistry in various field of life.
Course Outlines:
Radiation Chemistry: Kinetics of radioactive decay, Kinetics & mechanism of track
etching, Tracers, Production and decay of excited states, Energy loss by gamma rays,
Energy loss by electrons, Energy loss of other charge particles.

Radioactivity:Fundamentals and applied aspects of radioactivity and nuclear Chemistry,

Types and characteristics of nuclear radiation, Structure of nucleus, Half-life, Nuclear
binding energy.

Applications of Radioactivity: Artificial radioactivity, Fission and fusion reactions,

Acceleration of charged particles and applications of radioisotopes.

Recommended Books:

 Friedlander, G; Kennedy, J.W; Miller, J.M; Maciuas, E.S. Nuclear and

Radiochemistry. John-Wiley & Sons, 1981; 3rdEd.
 Choppin, G.R; Rydberg, J; Liljenzin, J. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry.
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002; 3rdEd.
 Arnikar, H.J. Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry. New Age International Pvt. Ltd,
1996; 4thEd.
 Naqvi, I.I; Farrukh, M.A. Radiotracers in Chemical Applications. VDM Verlag
Dr. Muller: Germany, 2010.
 Loveland,W; Morrissey, D.J; Seaborg, J.T. Modern Nuclear Chemistry. John
Wiley and Sons, 2006.

Page 58 of 84
Course Title: Natural Products

Course Code : CHEM4119

Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The different types of natural products.
 The structure, synthesis and applications of natural products.
Course Outlines:
Alkaloids: Introduction, Classification, Isolation methods, Structure elucidation and
discussion with particular reference to structure, synthesis and biosynthesis of typical
alkaloids such as ephedrine, Nicotine, Atropine, Quinine, Papaverine and morphine.
Terpenoids: Introduction, Classification, Isolation techniques and discussion with
particular reference to structure, synthesis and biosynthesis of typical terpenoids such as
citral, A-terpineol, A-pinene, Camphor, Cadinene.
Steroids: Study of cholesterol and steroidal hormones with emphasis on their structure
and biosynthesis.
Flavonoids: Introduction and classification of flavonoids, General biosynthetic pathway,
Synthesis of flavone, Flavonol and cyaniding.
Recommended Books:

 Dewick, P.M. Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach. Medicinal

Natural Products, John-Wiley & Sons, 2009; 3rdEd.
 Oyvind, M.A; Kenneth, R.M. Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and
Applications. CRC, Taylor & Francis: New York, 2010.
 Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry. Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural
Products. Pearson Education Ltd: Delhi, 2008; Vol. 2; 5thEd.
 Bhat, S.V; Nagasampagi, B.A; Sivakumar, M. Chemistry of Natural Products.
Narosa Publishing House, 2005.
 Streitwieser, A., Heathcock, C. and Kosower, E.M. Introduction to Organic
Chemistry, Macmillan, New York. (1998)
 Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. and Wothers, P. Organic Chemistry

Page 59 of 84
Course Title: Organic Synthesis

Course Code: CHEM4121

Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The design protocols for synthesis of small to medium sized organic compounds.
 How to carry out retrosynthetic analysis.
 The purpose of alternative reactions to synthesize a compound.
Course Outlines:
Organic Synthesis: Principles and importance of organic synthesis, Introduction to
reterosynthesis and disconnection approach, Synthesis of aromatic compounds; one and
two group carbon C-X disconnections, Donor and acceptor synthons, C-C disconnections
and 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5- and 1,6- difunctionalized compounds, Synthesis of cyclic
compounds (3-6 membered), Chemo, Regio and stereoselectivity.
Synthetic strategies: Functional group protection: Hydroxyl, Amino, Carbonyl,
Carboxylic.
Solid phase synthesis:Basic principles, Preparation of small molecules,Preparation of
oligomeric molecules
Phase-transfer catalysis:Mechanism and rates in phase transfer catalyzed reactions,
Phase transfer catalyzed alkylation, condensation, displacement, addition, elimination,
oxidation, reduction, addition and elimination reactions
Recommended Books:

 Warren, S; Wyatt, P. Workbook for Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection

Approach. John-Wiley & Sons, 2010; 2ndEd.
 Fox, M.A; Whitsell, J.K. Organic Chemistry. Jones & Bartlett, 1997; 3rdEd.
 Clayden, J; Greeves, N; Warren, S. Organic Chemistry. Oxford University Press:
New York, 2012; 2ndEd.
 Loudon, M. Organic Chemistry. Roberts Company Publishers, 2009; 5thEd.
 Smith, J.G. Organic Chemistry. McGraw-Hill, 2010; 3rdEd.
 Norman, R.O.C; Coxon, J.M. Principles of Organic Synthesis. CRC Press, 1993; 3rd Ed.

Page 60 of 84
Course Title: Medicinal Chemistry
Course Code: CHEM4123
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The nature, types and properties of drugs and medicines.
 The role of an organic chemist in drug designing and drug discovery.
Course Outlines:
Drug Design-A Rational Approach: Analogues and pro-drugs, Factors governing drug-
design, Rational approach to drug design, Drug-design the method of variation, Drug
design through disjunction, Drug design through conjunction, Drug design and
development.
Molecular Modeling and Drug Design: Methodologies, Molecular modeling, Known
receptor sites, 3D structure of macromolecular targets, Structure-based drug-design,
Majorsteps in structure-based drug design, Ligand receptor recognition, Active site for a
target, Predictive ADME.
Drugs and Drug Discovery: Chemistry of biomolecules, Introduction to drugs and drug
discovery, Sources of therapeutic agents, Structure Activity Relationship (SAR), Drug-
receptor interaction, Drug formulation and its methods, Different types of drugs,
Chemistry and modes of action of some common drugs.

Recommended Books:
 Paul, M.D. Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach. Medicinal
Natural Products, John-Wiley & Sons, 2009; 3rdEd.
 Wolff, M.E. Burger‟s Medicinal Chemistry. John-Wiley & Sons: New York,
2006; 4thEd; Vol 3.
 Williams, D.A; Lemke, T.L. Foye‟s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: New York, 2008; 6thEd.
 Sriram, D; Vogeeswari, P. Medicinal Chemistry. BITS Pilani, Pearson, Publisher:
Darling Kindernley: India, 2010; 2ndEd.
 Carins D. Essential of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Pharmaceutical Press: London,
2008; 3rdEd.
Page 61 of 84
Course Title: Luminescence Spectroscopy and Thermal Analysis
Course Code : CHEM4128
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The theoretical and instrumental aspects of luminescence spectroscopy.
 The thermal techniques of analysis in addition to learning about their applications.
Course Outlines:
Luminescence Spectrophotometry: Introduction, Origin of fluorescence and
phosphorescence spectra, Jablonski diagram, Activation, Deactivation, Fluorescence
spectrum, Fluorescent and phosphorescent species, Photoluminescence and structure,
Factors affecting fluorescence and phosphorescence, Fluorescence quenching, Quantum
yield, Instrumentation for fluorescence measurement, Sources, Wavelength selectors,
Sampling, Detectors, Read out devices, Instrumentation for phosphorescence
measurement, Sampling, Recording procedure, Applications of fluorescence and
phosphorescence.
Thermal Methods of Analysis: Introduction, Instrumentation, Sources of errors,
Interpretation of data, Factors affecting curve, Applications of TGA, DTA and DSC.
General Considerations:Features common and traceability of thermal analysis methods,
Heating and cooling curve analysis, Sources of errors, Characterization of the measured
curves, Interpretation of data.
Recommended Books:
 Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry. John-Wiley & Sons: New York, 2006;
6thEd.
 Harris, D.C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. W.H. Freeman and Company: New
York, 2011; 8thEd.
 Lakowicz, J.R. Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Springer, 2006; 3rdEd.
 Gabbot, P. Principles & Applications of Thermal Analysis. Wiley-Blackwell,
2007.
 Skoog, D.A; West, D.M; Holler, F.J; Crouch, S.R. Fundamentals of Analytical
Chemistry. Cengage Learning, 2004; 8thEd.
Page 62 of 84
Course Title: Nuclear Analytical Techniques
Course Code: CHEM4129
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The different nuclear analytical techniques.
 The theoretical, instrumental techniques and their applications.
Course Outlines:
Radiotracer: Radiotracer techniques, Choice of radiotracers, Factors affecting choice of
radiotracers, Isotope dilution analysis (IDA), Principle and equation, Instrumentation.

Applications:Sub-stoichiometric Isotope Dilution Analysis (SIDA), Activation Analysis

(AA), Principle of NAA, Neutron sources, Interferences, Sensitivity and detection limits,
Classification, Instrumentation, Comparison of NAA and IDA with other methods,
Radiometric Titrations (RT), Procedure, Advantages and limitations, Radio
chromatography and radioimmunoassay.

Recommended Books:

 Friedlander, G; Kennedy, J.W; Macias, E.S; Miller. M.J. Nuclear and

Radiochemistry. Wiley: New York, 1981; 3rdEd.
 Arnikan, H.J. Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry. New Age International, 1995;
4thEd.
 Harvey, B.G. Nuclear Physics and Chemistry. Prentice Hall, 1969; 2ndEd.
 Naqvi, I.I; Farrukh, M.A. Radiotracers in Chemical Applications:
Radiochemistry. VDM Verlog, 2010.

Page 63 of 84
Course Title: Food and Drug Analysis
Course Code: CHEM4130
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The sample preparation, derivations.
 The analysis of different types of foods, pharmaceuticals and forensic materials.
Course Outlines:
Food Products: Introduction to food analysis, Sampling of food, General methods of
analysis, Analysis of milk, Butter, Wheat flour, Meat, Beverages, Tea, Coca, Honey and
soft drinks.
Pharmaceuticals: Classification of drugs, Tests for analysis of different
pharmaceuticals, Introduction to US and British pharmacopeia.
Forensics: History and scope of forensic science, Forensic ethics, Forensic toxicology,
Classification and analysis of narcotics & dangerous drugs, Examination of crime scene
evidences, Fingerprinting, Skeletal material to provide scientific opinion for legal.
Recommended Books:

 Skoog, D.A; West, D.M; Holler, F.J. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry.

Saunders College Publishing, 1995; 7thEd.
 Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry. John-Wiley & Sons, 2004; 6thEd.
 Eckert, W.G. Introduction to Forensic Science. CRC Press, 1997; 2ndEd.
 Nielsen, S.S. Food Analysis. Springer, 2010; 4thEd.
 Watson, D.G. Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Textbook for Pharmacy Students and
Pharmaceutical Chemists. Elsevier, 2012.
 Stuart, H. Barbara. Forensic Analytical Techniques. John-Wiley & Sons, 2013;
1stEd.
 Jackson, A.R.W; Jackson, J.M. Forensic Science. Pearson Education, 2008;
2ndEd.

Page 64 of 84
Course Title: Reaction Dynamics
Course Code: CHEM4146
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The kinetics of different bimolecular reactions.
 The dynamics, kinetic theories & the factors which influence reaction rates.
Course Outlines:
Reaction Dynamics: Correlation between physical properties and concentration,
Kinetics of the complex reactions, Reversible, Parallel, Consecutive bimolecular
reactions, Theory of absolute reaction rate, Lindemann‟s theory of unimolecular
reactions, Bimolecular collision theory, Transition state theory, Comparison of collision
and absolute reaction theories, Potential energy surfaces, Thermodynamic formulation of
reaction rates, Calculation of entropy and enthalpy changes, Thermal decomposition of
nitrogen pentaoxide.
Reactions in solutions: Influence of ionic strength on the reaction rate, Effect of
dielectric constant of the medium on the rate of the reaction, Single sphere activated
complex model, Double sphere activated complex model, Complex reactions, Chain
reactions, Single chain carrier with second order breaking, One chain carrier with first
order breaking, Two chain carrier with second order breaking, Experimental techniques
for fast reactions.
Recommended Books:
 Espenson, J.H. Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism. McGraw-Hill:
London, 2002; 2ndEd.
 Connors, K.A. Chemical Kinetics: The Study of Reaction Rates in Solution. VCH
Publishers, 1990.
 Silbey, R.J; Alberty, R.A; Bawendi, M.G. Physical Chemistry. John-Wiley &
Sons, 2005; 4thEd.
 Atkins, P; Paula, J.D. Atkin‟s Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2010;
9thEd.
 Houston, P.L. Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics. Dover Publications,
2006.
Page 65 of 84
Course Title: Radiation and Photochemistry
Course Code: CHEM4147
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The mechanisms of radiation induced chemical changes in molecules, radiation
dosimetery and applications of the radiation chemistry. The radioactive decays
and how radio isotopes are produced.
 The principles of fluorescence, phosphorescence and other photochemical
processes and their applications.
Course Outlines:
Radiation Chemistry: Development and advancement in radiation chemistry, Radiation
dosimetry, Fricke dosimeter, Dosimetry in pulse radiolysis, Energy states in radiation
chemistry, Excited states, Fragmentation, Pre-dissociation, Photochemical decay, Ions
and electrons, Radiolysis of gases, Liquids, Solids, Frozen liquids and ions in radiation
Chemistry, Recent application of radiation Chemistry.
Photochemistry: Principles of photochemistry, Laws of photochemistry, Einstein‟s law
ofphotochemical equivalence, Rates of intramolecular processes, Chemical reactions and
quantum yields with examples, Energy transfer in photochemical reaction, Quantum yield
of emission process radiation and nonradiation process, Kinetics and quantum yields of
radiative and nonradiative process (fluorescence, phosphorescence, inter-system crossing,
internal conversion, quenching) and stern-volmer reactions, Photosensitized reactions.
Recommended Books:
 Spinks, J.W.T; Woods, R.J. An introduction to Radiation Chemistry. Wiley Inter
Si. Pub: USA, 1990; 3rdEd.
 Choppin, G;Liljenzin, J.O; Rydberg, J. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry.
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002; 3rdEd.
 Mostafavi, M; Douki, T. Radiation Chemistry: From Basic to Applications in
Material and Life Sciences. EDP Science, 2008.
 Dunkin, I. Photochemistry. RSC Publishing, 2007; Vol 36.

Page 66 of 84
Course Title: Colloid and Surface Chemistry
Course Code: CHEM4148
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The important physical and chemical aspects of nano and colloidal systems.
 The basics of thermodynamically and kinetically stabilized nanoparticles and
colloidal solutions.
 The surfactant chemistry and characterization methods.
Course Outlines:
Colloidal Solutions: Catalyst preparation methods, Industrial catalysts, Emulsion,
Surfactant, Nanoscale chemistry, Nanomaterials and their applications, Dimensional
control in nanostructures, Macromolecular surface films, Charged films and Langmuir-
Blodgett layers.
Characterization Methods and Applications: Solid surfaces, Surface structures, Clean
surface structures, Gas solid interface, Thermodynamics of adsorption, Heterogeneous
catalysis, Kinetic and mechanisms of catalyzed reactions, Adsorption at liquid surfaces,
Chemisorption, Physiosorption and dynamics, Enzymatic catalysis, Organized molecular
assemblies, Experimental probes for surface and adsorbent structures.
Scanning Probe Techniques: Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED), Electron
spectroscopy, Surface analysis techniques.
Recommended Books:
 Hunter, R.J. Introduction to Modern Colloid Science. Oxford University Press:
Oxford, 1994.
 Klabunde, K.J. Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry. John-Wiley & Sons, 2003.
 Kolunsiki, K.W. Surface Science: Foundations of Catalysis and Nanoscience.
John-Wiley & Sons, 2012; 3rdEd.
 Adamson, A.W; Gast, A.P. Physical chemistry of Surfaces. Wiley-Interscience,
1997; 6thEd.
 Atkins, P: Paula, J. D. Atkin‟s Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press,
2006; 8thed.
Page 67 of 84
Course Title: Coal Conversion Processes
Course Code: CHEM4152
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The coal conversion processes like solvent extraction, hydrogenation.
 The importance of catalysis in these reactions, product up gradation and analysis
and environmental problems relating to synthetic fuels obtained from coal.
Course Outlines:
Liquefaction of Coal:Historical developments of coal liquefaction, Earlier coal
liquefaction processes; (a) Pott and Brochprocess (b) Bergius process. Solvent
Extraction: Solvent extraction of coal, Some experiments on solvent extraction,
Mechanism of solvent extraction, Types of solvent extraction, Solvent systems, Super
critical gas extraction, Commercial processes of solvent extraction like SRC-I, SRC-II,
EDS, Super critical gas extraction.
Direct Liquefaction: Direct liquefaction of coal through catalytic hydrogenation,
Mechanism, catalyst systems, Catalyst poisoning, Catalytic role of coal minerals,
Commercial processes of catalytic hydrogenation like H-coal &Synthoil process.
Indirect Liquefaction: Indirect liquefaction through Fischer Tropsch synthesis,
Methanol synthesis and MTG (Methanol to Gasoline) processes. Effect of Parameters:
Effect of coal properties, Catalyst and solvent on liquefaction behavior of coal, Effect of
coal properties like rank, Maceral components and mineral matter on liquefaction, Effect
of operating condition like temperature, Pressure, Residence time, Solvent, catalyst.
Processing of Coal Liquids: Purification of liquefaction products, Solidseparation,
fractionation, Upgrading and characterization of coal derived liquids, Properties of coal
derived liquids.
Liquefaction Reactor: Description of high pressure coal liquefaction reactor and
auxiliary devices, Ebulated bed reactor, Fluidization.
Environmental Aspects:Environmental consideration, Aerial emissions, Water
effluents, Solid waste disposal.

Page 68 of 84
Recommended Books:
 Wen, C.Y; Stanley, E. Coal Conversion Technology. Addison-Wesley:New York,
1979.
 Probstein, R.F; Hicks, R.E. Synthetic Fuels. McGraw Hill: New York, 1982.
 Francis, W. Fuels and Fuel Technology. Pergamon Press: London, 1980.
 Merick, D. Coal Combustion and Conversion Technology. McMillan Ltd.,
London, 1984.
 Berkowitz, N. The chemistry of Coal. Elsevier Amsterdam, 1985.

Page 69 of 84
Course Title: Petroleum and Petrochemicals-II
Course Code: CHEM4153
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The modern thermodynamics and combustion of hydrocarbons fuels.
 The safe storage and transportation of hydrocarbons fuels.
Course Outlines:
Thermochemistry and Combustion of Hydrocarbon Fuels: Basic thermodynamics
principles, Standard enthalpy of formation, Standard enthalpy of reaction, Enthalpy of
combustion products, Mechanism of combustion of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon,
Theory of flame propagation, Method of measuring flame speed, Fuel performances in
reciprocating piston engines, Environmental pollution from hydrocarbon fuel utilization.
Storage and Handling of Hydrocarbon Fuels: Various types of storage tanks, Different
methods of transportation of crude and refined petroleum products.Health hazards
associated with petroleum handling, Volatility losses, Fire hazards and its prevention.
Extinguishing of oil fire methods.
Recommended Books:
 Hobson, G.D. Modern Petroleum Technology. John Wiley and Sons: New York,
1984.
 Gates, B.C; Katzer, J.R; Schuit, G.C.A. Chemistry of Catalytic Processes.
McGraw Hill Book Company: London, 1979.
 List, H.L. Petrochemical Technology. Printice-Hall Englewood Cliffs: New
Jersey, 1986.
 Goodger, E.M. Hydrocarbon Fuels. Union Brothers Ltd: London, 1975.
 Maleev, V.L. Internal Combustion Engines. McGraw Hill Book Company:
London, 1985.
 Hughes, J.R; Swindells, N.S. Storage and Handling of Petroleum Liquids.
Charless Griffin and Company: London, 1987.

Page 70 of 84
Course Title: Alternate Energy Resource
Course Code: CHEM4154
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The challenging sources of alternate sources of energy.
 The safe uses of natural resources.
Course Outlines:
Biomass Resources: Biomass conversion processes, Bio gas technology, Various
traditional methods of alcohol production, Alcohols and its uses as alternative fuel.
Biofuels:Production of Bio-ethanol and biodiesel, Uses of bio ethanol assupplement with
petroleum gasoline as E10 and E20, Hydrogen production, Storage, Handling and its uses
as alternative fuel, Fuel Cells and its application,
Solar Energy: Photovoltaic power conversion & solar energy collectors.
Nuclear fuels: Nuclear fuels processing, Fission and fusion, Nuclear reactors.
Hydral Energy:Introduction to Hydral energy, Prospects of hydral powers in Pakistan.
Recommended Books:
 Gyngell, E.S. Applied Chemistry for Engineers. Edward Arnold Publisher:
London, 1989.
 Harker, J; Backurst, J.R. Fuel and Energy. Academic Press: London and New
York, 1988.
 Goodger E.M. Alternative fuels (chemical energy resources). The Macmillan
press Ltd: London, 1980.
 Twidell, J. and Weir, T. Renewable Energy Resources. John Wiley and Sons:
London, New York, 1986.

Page 71 of 84
Course Title: Common Industries-I
Course Code: CHEM4131
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The technicalities about sugar manufacturing industry, starch production industry
and leather tanneries.
 The analysis of steel, barium, Iodine &chlorine in various samples.
 Preparation of various polymers and cosmetic essentials.
 The psychomotor skills and enable to acquire knowledge about various industrial
preparations like fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides used in agriculture sector.
Course Outlines:
Sugar Industry: Scope of sugar industry, Manufacture of raw sugar from cane and beet,
Refining of raw sugar, Methods of clarification of cane juice and chemistry involved in
the clarification processes, Defecation RemeltCarbonation (DRC), Defecation
RemeltSulphitation (DRS), Defecation RemeltPhosphitation (DRP) and Double
Carbonation Double Sulphitation (DCDS), Utilization of by-products of sugar industry.

Starch Industry: Scope of starch industry, Raw materials for starch production,
Manufacture of starch from various raw materials such as corn, Rice, Wheat, Potatoes,
Industrial applications of starch, Chemistry involved in the conversion of starch,
Synthesis of d-glucose and dextrin from starch.
Leather Industry: Leather, Gelatin and adhesives, Preparation of hides, Methods of
tanning, Vegetable and chrome tanning processing of leather, Production of glue and
gelatin.
Practicals:
1. Determination of iodine value of the given oil.
2. Determination of acid value of the given oil.
3. To find out the percentage purity of fatty acid.
4. Preparation of gum sample.
5. Preparation of liquid detergent or liquid soap.
Page 72 of 84
 6. To determine the temporary and permanent hardness of a given water sample
by EDTA method.
7. To determine the alkalinity of given water sample.
8. Determination of magnesium and aluminum by EDTA titration.
9. Analysis of caustic soda and soda ash in mixtures.
10. Analysis of effluents from tanneries.
11. Preparation and Testing of Varnish and Enamel Paints, Adhesives, Emulsion,
Paints.

Recommended Books:
 Covington, A.D. Tanning Chemistry: The Science of Leather. Royal Society of
Chemistry, 2009.
 Kent, J.A. Riegel‟s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry. Kluwer Academic/
Plenum Publishers, 2003; 10thed.
 Mendham, J; Denney, R.C; Barnes, J.D; Thomas M.J.K. Vogel‟s Textbook of
Quantitative chemical analysis. The School of Chemical and Life Sciences
University of Greenwich: London, 6thEd.
 Pandey, O. P; Bajpai, D.N; Giri S. Practical Chemistry. S. Chand & Company
limited, Ramnagar: New Delhi, 2013.
 Pandey, O.P; Bajpai, D.N; Giri, S. Practical chemistry. S. Chand & Company
limited, Ramnagar: New Delhi, 2011.
 Rao, G.P; Mogarey, R.C; Solomn, S; Rewal, S.S; Li,Y. Sugar Cane: Production
Management and Agro-Industrial Imperatives. IBDC Publisher, 2005.
 Riegel, E.R; Kent, J.A. Reigel‟s Handbook of industrial Chemistry. Van
Nostrand Reinhold Co:New York, 1983; 6thEd.

Page 73 of 84
Course Title: Agro Based Industries and Pollution Control
Course Code: CHEM4132
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The various fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides used in agriculture sector.
 The environmental pollution caused by these industries and protective measures
for environment.
Course Outlines:
Fertilizers: Importance of chemical fertilizers, Classification of chemical fertilizers,
Manufacture and chemistry involved in the production of various fertilizers i.e. Urea,
Single Super Phosphate (SSP), Triple Superphosphate (TSP), Nitrophos (NP),
DiammoniumPhosphate (DAP), Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN), Ammonium Nitrate
(AN), Ammonium Sulphate (AS), Zinc Sulphate (ZS), Complex fertilizers.
Agrochemicals: Classification of pesticides, Formulation and toxicity of pesticides,
Future trends of pest control, Control of weeds, Household agrochemicals, Plant growth
regulators and background chemistry, Hazards associated with the use of agrochemicals
and environmental aspects.
Industrial Pollution and its Abatement: Sources of air, Water and soil pollution,
Industrial waste control for the protection of environment, Modern trends of waste
management.
Recommended Books:
 Lister, J; Ennis, B. The Science and Engineering of Granulation Processes.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
 Park, M. The Fertilizer Industry. Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2001.
 Anastas, P.T; Warmer, J.C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice. Oxford
University Press, 2000.
 Kumar, A. Industrial Pollution: Problems and Solution. Daya Publishing House:
India, 2006.

Page 74 of 84
Course Title: Common Industries-II

Course Code : CHEM4133

Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The extraction, production and processing of oil, fats and waxes.
 The soap and detergent industries as well as surface coating industries.
Course Outlines:
Oils and Fats: Oils, Fats and waxes, Extraction of oils such as soya bean and cotton seed
oils, Purification and refining of oils, Chemistry involved in the production of vegetable
ghee, Selective hydrogenation of oil and fats during the manufacture of vegetable ghee,
Inter-esterification of crude fats.
Soaps and Detergents: Raw materials for the manufacture of soap and detergents,
Chemistry involved in the production of soap and detergents, Action of builders,
Additives brighteners and surfactants, Cleansing action of soaps, Effect of acidic species
and hard water on soap, Production of transparent soap.
Paints: Raw materials for paints and pigments, Classification and properties of surface-
coating constituents, Classification and manufacture of pigments, Production of paints,
Varnishes, Distempers, Enamels and lacquers, Chemistry involved in the drying
phenomenon of paints, Drying oils for paint and classification of drying oils.
Recommended Books:
 Chattopadyay, P.K. Modern Technology of Soaps, Detergents and Toilries: with
formulae and project profile. National Institute of Industrial Research: India,
2003; 2ndEd.
 Bockisch, M. Fats and Oils Handbook. American oil Chemists and Society, 1998.
 Gunstone, F. Oils and Fats in Food Industry. Wiley Black Well, 2008.
 Gunstone, F. Vegetable Oil in Food Technology: Composition, Properties and
Uses. John-Wiley & Sons, 2011.

Page 75 of 84
Course Title: Organic Based Industries
Course Code: CHEM4134
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The structure, mechanism, properties and synthesis of various polymers.
 The technical know-how about perfumes and cosmetics and surface coating
industries.
Course Outlines:
Paper and Pulp: Raw materials for pulp and paper industries, Classification of paper
products, Chemistry involved in the processing of kraft pulp, Sulphite pulp and semi-
chemical pulp, Manufacture of paper and regeneration of spent liquor.
Polymers: General classification and characterization of polymers, Mechanism and
chemistry of polymerization, Thermoplastic and thermosetting polymerization, A brief
outline for the production and applications of polymers: Polyethylene, Polystyrene,
Polyurethanes, Polyesters and urea phenol formaldehyde resins, Production of drug
delivery polymers.
Cosmetics and Perfumes: Chemistry and production of hair products and shampoos,
Chemistry involved in hair curling and styling products, Hair tonics and depilatory
products, Production of cold cream, Vanishing cream, Bleach cream and shaving creams,
Tooth paste and face powders, Production of nail polish, Lipsticks and mascaras.
Recommended Books:
 Odian, G. Principles of Polymerization. John-Wiley & Sons, 2004; 4thEd.
 Roussak, D.V;Gesser, H.D. Applied Chemistry; A Textbook of Engineers and
Technologists. Springer, 2013; 2ndEd.
 Bajpai, P. Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper. John-Wiley &
Sons, 2010.
 Schueller, R; Romanowski, P. Beginning Cosmetic Chemistry: Practical
Knowledge for Cosmetic Industry. Allured Publishing Corporation, 2009; 3rdEd.

Page 76 of 84
Course Title: Industrial Processes
Course Code: CHEM4135
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The pharmaceutical industries and nuclear industry.
 The oil refinery and production of various petrochemicals.
Course Outlines:
Pharmaceuticals: Classification of pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical
processing, Manufacture of paracetamol and aspirin, Chemistry involved in the
production and manufacture of various antibiotics such as streptomycin, Erythromycin,
Penicillin.
Petroleum and Petrochemicals: Origin of petroleum, Constituents and classification of
petroleum, Cracking and distillation of various fractions in distillation towers, Control of
distillation tower in refinery, Manufacture of monomers such as acetylene, Ethylene,
Propylene, Separation and purification of benzene, Toluene and xylene.
Recommended Books:
 Austin, G.T; Nelson, W.L. Petroleum Refinery Engineering. Aukland. Mcgraw
Hill, 1985; 4thEd.
 Shreve, R.M; George, T.A. Shreve's Chemical Process Industries. McGraw-Hill
Book Company Inc: New York, 1984; 5thEd.
 Kent, J.A. Riegel‟s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry. Kluwer Academic/Plenum
publishers, 2003; 10thEd.
 Vermani, O.P; Narula. A.K. Applied Chemistry, Theory and Practice. New Age
International Publisher: India, 1995; 2ndEd.
 Watson, D.G. Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Churchill Living Stone, 2007.
 Cairms, D. Essentials of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Pharmaceutical Press, 2003.
 Loveland, W.D; Morrisey, D.J. Modern Nuclear Chemistry. Wiley Interscience,
2005.
 Speight, J.G. The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum. Taylor & Francis,
2013; 3rdEd.
Page 77 of 84
Course Title: Metallurgy and Explosives
Course Code: CHEM4136
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The iron, steel and its alloys, the knowledge about corrosion and its preventions.
 The organic dyes industries, different lubricants used in industrial processes.
Course Outlines:
Iron, Steel and Alloys: Iron ores, Constituents and their classification, Manufacture of
iron and steel, Types of iron and steel, Metal extractions and production of Alloys.
Explosives and Propellants: Raw materials, Manufacture of industrial explosives and
propellants, Types of explosives and their safety measures, Chemistry involved in
production of military explosives.
Nuclear Materials: Extraction of uranium from rocks, Importance of nuclear
technology, Nuclear energy and its peaceful applications, Production of nuclear energy
and control of nuclear reactors, Chemistry of fission and fusion reactions, Reprocessing
of nuclear spent fuel, Industrial application of nuclear radiations.
Recommended Books:
 Akhawan, J. The Chemistry of Explosives. Royal Chemical Society, 2004; 2ndEd.
 Campball, F.C. Elements of Metallurgy and Engineering Alloys. ASM.
International, 2008.
 Davis, T.L. The Chemistry of Powder and Explosives. Angriff Press, 2012.
 Reddy, L.K. Principles of Engineering Metallurgy. New Age Publishers, 2009;
2ndEd.
 Loveland, W; Morrissey, D.J; Seaborg, G.T. Modern Nuclear Chemistry, John-
Wiley & Sons, 2006.
 Balsaral, V.M. Applied Chemistry. I.K. International House Pvt. Ltd: India, 2009.

Page 78 of 84
Course Title: Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis
Course Code: CHEM4138
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The structural and functional features of DNA and RNA.
 The role of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis.
Course Outlines:
Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA):The primary genetic material, Structure, Replication in
prokaryotes and comparison with eukaryotes, DNA sequencing, Chemical synthesis of
polynucleotides, DNA repair and recombination.

Protein Synthesis: Different types of RNA and their role in protein synthesis,
Transcription and its regulation, Genetic code, Post transcriptional processing, Structure
of transfer RNA, Protein synthesis inhibitors, Control of translation, Post translational
modification, Plasmids, Bacteriophage and cosmids, In vitro mutagenesis, Deletion,
Insertion and substitution, Recombinant DNA and genetic diseases.

Recommended Books:

 Watson, J.D; Baker, A.T; Bell, S.P; Gann, A; Levine, M; Losick, M.R. Molecular
Biology of the Gene. Benjamin Cummings, 2013; 7thEd.
 Watson, J.D; Myers, R.M; Caudy A.A; Witkowski, J.A. Recombinant DNA:
Genes and Genome. A Short Course. W. H. Freeman, 2006; 3rdEd.
 Krabs, J. Genes X. Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2011; 10thEd.
 Alberts, B. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Science, 2008; 5thEd.
 Brown, T.A. Genomes 3. Garland Science Publishing, 2007; 3rdEd.

Page 79 of 84
Course Title: Physical Techniques in Biochemistry
Course Code: CHEM4139
Credit Hours: 3 (3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The fundamental biochemical techniques such as extraction, purification,
fractionation and centrifugation.
 The characterization of different biomolecules.
 The application of these techniques for macromolecules separation.
Course Outlines:
Physical Techniques in Biochemistry: Extraction, Fractionation and purification of
macrobiomolecules, Homogenization, Solubilization and concentration including
ultrasonication, Lyophilization and ultradecantation, Purification based on differential
solubility techniques, Ion-exchange chromatography, Gel chromatography, Affinity
chromatography, Paper & thin layer chromatography and HPLC.
Electrophoresis: Paper and gel electrophoresis, Two-dimensional electrophoresis,
Capillary electrophoresis, Electrofocusing: Preparative and analytical electrofocusing,
Centrifugation:Principle, Preparative centrifugation, Application of density gradient
anddifferential centrifugation, Ultracentrifugation sedimentation equilibrium
andsedimentation velocity methods, Application of analytical centrifugation.
Tracer Techniques: Detection and measurement of radioactivity, Application of
radioisotopes in biological system, UV and Visible Spectroscopy: Basic principles,
Instrumentation and applications.Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA):Basic
principle, Instrumentation and applications.
Recommended Books:
 Cooper, T.C. The Tools of Biochemistry. John Wiley, 2007; 2ndEd.
 Wilson, K; Golding, K.H. A Biologist‟s Guide to Principles and Techniques of
Practical Biochemistry. Edward Arnold, 1986; 3rded.
 Scopes, R.K. Protein Purification: Principles & Practice. Springer, 1994; 3rdEd.

Page 80 of 84
Course Title: Microbiology and Immunology
Course Code: CHEM4140
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The fundamentals of microbiology and immunology.
 The related associated disorders such as microbial borne infectious diseases,
allergy, inflammation, and hypertension and their control.
Course Outlines:
Fundamentals of Microbiology: Prokaryotic cell structure and function, Prokaryotic
growth and nutrition, Prokaryotic genetics.Virus and eukaryotic microorganisms,
Bacteria, Fungi and parasites.Bacterial diseases: Airborne, Foodborne and water borne.
Industrial microbiology and biotechnology, Microorganism in industry, Alcoholic
beverages, Important microbial products.
Immunology: Chemistry of immunoglobulins, Myeloma and
hybridomaimmunoglobulins, Immune system and its abnormalities, Allergy and
inflammation, Complement system, Peripheral leucocytes and macrophages, Type 1lgE-
mediated hypersensitivity, Hypersensitivity autoimmune disorders, Immunodeficiency
disorders.
Recommended Books:

 Nester, E; Nester, M; Anderson, D; Roberts, C. E. Microbiology: AHuman

Perspective. McGraw-Hill, 2011; 7thEd.
 Duan, T; Melvold, R; Viselli, S; Waltenbaugh, C. Lippincott‟s Illustrated
Reviews: Immunology. Lippincott William & Wilkins, 2012; 2ndEd.
 Harvey, R.A; Cornelissen, C.N; Fischer, B.D. Microbiology, Lippincott William
& Wilkins, 2012; 3rdEd.
 Wiley, J.M; Sherwood, L.M; Woolnerton, C.J. Prescott‟s Microbiology. McGraw-
Hill Education, 2011; 7thEd.
 Male, D; Brostoff, J; Roth, D.B; Roitt, I.M. Immunology, Elsevier, 2012; 8thEd.

Page 81 of 84
Course Title: Bio-nanotechnology
Course Code: CHEM4141
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The bionanotechnology in general and its potential applications in particular.
 The attributes of new materials like biosensors for medical applications.
 The structure and assembly of nanoparticles opens some exciting possibilities to
construct artificial structures in applied nanotechnology, which will mimic the
functions of the biological systems.
Course Outlines:
Introduction to Nanoparticles: Overview of nanoscale materials, Effect of length scale
on properties, Thermodynamic features of nanoparticles.

Bionanotechnology: Introduction to bionanotechnology systems, Protein based

nanostructures.

Nanobiosensors: Challenges and opportunities associated with biology on the nanoscale,

Green nanoparticle production, Self-assembly and templating, Surface patterning and
functionalization.

Characterization of Bionanomaterials:Techniques likes X-ray Diffraction (XRD),

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),
Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), Adsorption method, Thermogravimetric Analysis
(TGA), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-
Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Recommended Books:

 Ratner, M.A; Ratner, D. Nanotechnology: A Gentle Introduction to the Next Big

Idea. Prentice Hall Professional, upper saddle river: New Jersey, 2003.
 Goodsell, D.S. Bionanotechnology: Lessons from Nature. Wiley-Liss, Hoboken:
New Jersey, 2004.
 Renugopalakrishnan, V; Lewis, R. V. Bionanotechnology: Proteins to Nano
Page 82 of 84
 devices. Springer, 2006.
 Iqbal, S. Bionanosensors. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, California, 2008.
 Kotov, N.A. Nanoparticle Assemblies and Superstructures. CRC press, USA
2006.
 Dinh, T.V. Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine: Methods, Devices and
Application. CRC press: USA, 2007.
 Kumar, C. Nanomaterials for Biosensors. Wiley-VCH: Germany, 2007.

Page 83 of 84
Course Title: Nutritional Chemistry
Course Code: CHEM4142
Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Objectives:
The students should be able to understand:
 The dietary components.
 The energy needs based nutritional requirements of different age groups.
 The importance of minerals and vitamins.
Course Outlines:
Major Dietary Constituents: Nutritional importance of carbohydrates, Proteins and
amino acids, Lipids, Dietary fiber.
Energy Needs: Assessment and requirement of energy in different age groups nutrition
in growth and aging, Nutritional requirement during infancy and childhood, Diet,
Nutrition and adolescence, Nutrition in the elderly minerals, Biochemical role of
Calcium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Iodine, Magnesium, Phosphorous, Selenium and zinc,
Their dietary source daily requirements and deficiency diseases.
Vitamins: Role of vitamins as coenzymes structure, Physiological functions, Deficiency
diseases and recommended dietary allowances of the following vitamins, Fat soluble
vitamins: A, D, E, and K, Water soluble vitamins: Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin,
Pantothenic acid, Folic acid, Biotin and ascorbic acid.
Recommended Books:

 Belitz, H.D; Grosch, W; Schieberle, P. Food Chemistry. Springer-Verlag Berlin:

Germany, 2009; 4thEd.
 Spallholz, J.E; Boylan, L.M; Driskell, J.A. Nutrition: Chemistry & Biology. CRC
Press Inc:USA, 1999; 2nd Ed.
 Ross, A.C; Caballero, B; Cousins, R.J; Tucker, K.L; Ziegler, T.R. Modern
Nutrition in Health and Disease. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012; 11thEd.
 Zempleni, J; Rucker, R.B; McCormick, D.B; Suttie, J.W. Handbook of Vitamins.
CRC Press, 2007; 4th Ed.

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