Lesson title: Basic Concepts of Disaster and CLIMATE CHANGE

Disaster Risk (SAS 1)

- Increase disaster risk in a variety of ways - NATURAL DISASTER - natural phenomenon that
by altering the frequency and intensity of may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
hazards events, affecting vulnerability to property damage, loss of livelihoods and services,
THE BASIC CONCEPTS IN DRRM hazards, and changing exposure patterns. environmental damage, etc.

 HAZARD - A potentially destructive ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION HUMAN-MADE DISASTERS - are the

physical phenomenon, event, or human consequences of technological or human hazards.
- It is both a driver and consequence of
activity. Hazards may be active or may
disasters, reducing the capacity of the EXAMPLES OF DISASTER
remain dormant, but may however cause
environment to meet social and ecological
injury or death, damage of property,  FLOOD - An overflow of water that
needs.
economic and social disruption, or submerges land that is usually dry.
environmental degradation. GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT  TSUNAMI - A large ocean wave that is
 EXPOSURE - When a hazard strikes, not caused by sudden motion on the ocean floor.
everyone can be equally affected by its - It resulted in increased polarization between  DROUGHT - A natural disaster of below-
dangers. Rather, communities that reside in the rich and poor on a global scale. average precipitation in a given region,
hazard-prone areas are more exposed to such POVERTY AND INEQUALITY resulting in prolonged shortages in the water
hazards and their effects. supply, whether atmospheric, surface water
 VULNERABILITY - refers to the lack of - Poverty is both a driver and consequence of or groundwater.
capacity to flee from hazard exposure. This disasters, and the processes that further  LANDSLIDE - A range of ground
vulnerability may be caused by poverty, lack disaster risk related poverty are permeated movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of
of alternative options, or even environmental with inequality. slopes and shallow debris flows.
degradation. For instance, a poor fishing  VOLCANIC ERUPTION - The release of
community residing by the riverside with no hot magma, volcanic ash, and/or gases from
alternative options for livelihood is a volcano
vulnerable to floods.  FIRE - Even with strict building fire codes,
 CAPACITY - These are the basic factors POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN people still perish needlessly in fires for
that help a community reduce its DEVELOPMENT resilient investment to emerge.
vulnerabilities, prevent risks, and recover
- A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in
from disasters. They are the positive WEAK GOVERNANCE
hazard-exposed countries and with it new
strengths the community holds. To cope - zones are investment environments in which
opportunities.
with disasters, every community has some public sector actors are unable or unwilling
sort of capacity that could be in the form of to assume DISASTER
their roles and responsibilities in
their resource holdings, their entitlements, protecting rights, and providing basic
and their social networks.  a serious disruption occurring over a short or
services and public services.
 RISK - When combined, Hazards and long period that causes widespread human,
Vulnerability result in Risks, threatening material, economic or environmental loss
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE OF
people's lives and assets. which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its DISASTER
resources.
 PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE
RISK FACTOR UNDERLYING
- Calamities are phenomena that cause great
DISASTER CLASSIFICATIONS OF DISASTER
physical damage to a community's
 infrastructure, its people, and their asset that make it susceptible to the
properties, e.g. houses and environmental damaging effects of a hazard.
sources of living. These cited effects of a  Political Perspective
disaster can be easily measured and the most - Natural disasters are commonly thought to TYPES OF DEFINITION
common. be less politically argumentative than armed VULNERABILITY
 Effects of Physical Disasters - Injuries conflicts, yet a closer look shows that both PHYSICAL - The selection of critical
Physical disabilities or illness Sanitation - the effects of a natural disaster and the infrastructure and housing
resulting distribution of humanitarian aid are materials is influenced by
Damage in infrastructure.
profoundly linked to politics. factors like population density,
 Biological Perspective settlement remoteness, site
- The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind design, and materials used.
 Psychological Perspective of disease or virus in an epidemic or pandemic - Refers to the inability of
- Victims of disasters may suffer from Post- SOCIAL people to withstand adverse
level is known as biological disaster. (a)
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other impacts to hazards due to
Epidemic Level: Biological disaster affects large characteristics inherent in social
serious mental health conditions, which are numbers of people within a given community or
not being given much attention to by the interactions, institutions, etc.
area. Ex: Dengue. (b) Pandemic Level. - Poor individuals often face
authorities or even by the victims,
increased vulnerability to
themselves. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HAZARD AND
ECONOMIC disasters due to their inability to
 Socio-cultural Perspective DISASTER
construct robust structures and
- Filipinos are generally known as "matiisin", HAZARD DISASTER implement effective engineering
resourceful, helpful, optimistic, and A dangerous situation needs A dangerous situation that
measures.
prayerful. These characteristics are to be heeded because it can has become out of control
lead to a disaster. and is a disaster. - Natural resource depletion and
manifested in the country's recent fight A threat that can be managed An international danger and resource degradation are key
against COVID-19. As a result, most by observing warning signs threat to humanity that needs aspects of environmental
Filipino families would rely on the and keeping in harmony with intervention to bring the ENVIRONMENTAL vulnerability.
government's help for them to get by. the environment. situation under control
 Socio-Cultural Effect of Disasters Hazards are known to have Disasters are the outcomes of
specific warnings usually hazards when warning signs
> change in individual roles disruption of man-made to prevent are ignored.
social relationships and personal disastrous events. A disaster is the result of a
connections. Hazards can lead to disaster hazard but at the same time
 ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY Hazards are not used to is also a hazardous event
describe everyday mishaps. Disasters, although in literal
- Disasters affect the economic condition of a
They are specific terms are more severe than
community because they reduce local and occurrences and danger areas hazards are used to describe
international trade. It can also partially or with appropriate warning events that are not literally of
paralyze a country's transportation system, signs. a disastrous nature but rather
just like what happened in the COVID-19 an idiomatic use of the word.
pandemic. Implementation of a partial and
RISK
total shutdown of local business operations
results in a lot of people losing their means  is the probability of harmful consequences
of living. Economic Effects of Disasters - or expected loss of lives, people injured,
loss ofVULNERABILITY
life articles of crops -loss of public livelihoods, disruption of economic
infrastructure.  describes the characteristics and activities, and damages to the environment
circumstances of a community, system, or as a result of interactions between naturalor
 human-induced hazards and environmental
management
vulnerable/capable conditions.

FACTORS OF RISK ELEMENTS AT RISK

INCLUDES:
 vulnerability  people
 hazard  building
 exposure  business
 infrastructure
 Agriculture
& environment

Risk triangle DEIFINITION

HAZAED event or occurrence that tsunami

has the potential for floods
causing injury to life, cyclone
property and earthquake
environment; although, landslides
at times, hazard has volcanic eruption
been ascribed the same terrorism
meaning as risk, epidemi
currently it is widely
accepted that it is a
component of risk end
not risk itself
EXPOSURE Refers to the "elements By living in a
at risk from a natural or floodplain but having
man-made hazard event; sufficient means to
it is a necessary, but not modify building
sufficient, determinant structure and
of risk. behavior to mitigate
potential loss.
It is possible to be
exposed but not
vulnerable.

Comprises conditions
determined by physical, -poor design and
social, economic, and construction of
VULNERAB environmental factors or buildings,
ILITY processes, which
increase the -inadequate
susceptibility of a protection of assets,
community, school, or lack of public
certain area in a locality information and
to the impact of hazards. awareness,
To be vulnerable to a
hazard, it is necessary to -limited official
also be exposed recognition of risks
and preparedness
measures, and
- disregard for wise