Unit 5
The “S” in W.I.S.E
Physical Education and Health 11
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Lesson 1
Staying Alert
Unit 5| The “S” in W.I.S.E
Physical Education and Health
Physical Education and Health 11
2
Staying Alert
While it helps to keep a healthy
lifestyle, engaging in physical activities
may also be the cause of injuries.
However, it is important to keep in mind
that the benefits of an active lifestyle
outweigh the risks of getting injured.
Therefore, increasing our awareness
and practice of safety precautions is
important.
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Staying Alert
Primary Survey
In order to address an injury,
individuals, especially coaches
and trainers use the primary
survey as an initial assessment
to address the injury.
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First Aid for Acute Injuries
Secondary Survey
If the individual is stable, an extra
rigorous assessment or a secondary
survey is conducted. The second
assessment aims to identify the
primary injury and its seriousness,
the function of the muscles, and the
stability of the patient’s joints.
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First Aid for Acute Injuries
Some also use this scale to determine the pain of the
injury. While pain tolerance may be subjective, any pain
that is rated 6 and above is worrisome.
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First Aid for Acute Injuries
Fractures
Addressing a fracture
requires restricting the
mobility of the injured
body part. This is done by
using splints and
anatomical prostheses.
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Fractures
An example of first aid action to restrict mobility of a dislocated shoulder.
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PRICE Principle
P - Protect ●
●
Protect the injury from anything that may cause infection.
Avoid doing strenuous activities.
- Rest
Rest the injured part of the body.
R
●
● Sleep is advised for recuperation and for calmness.
● Gauge oneself to avoid over resting.
● Apply ice to ease the nerves and reduce blood supply which may
I - Ice ●
cause swelling.
Use ice every two minutes and every two hours during the first
two hours of accident.
C - Compression ● Compression also eases the pain of the injury.
● There are a variety of ways to apply compression.
E - Elevation ●
●
This is usually done when the patient is asleep.
It helps drain blood from the affected area.
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Proper Compression Technique
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Signs and Symptoms of Heat Illness
Illness Signs Symptoms
contractions fatigue headache
muscular spasm pain and nausea high fever
exhaustion inability to work slow heart rate
dehydration dry throat and loose motion
headache
extreme sweating concentrated breathing issues
excreta
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Concussion
Category Description Characteristics
Grade I Mild Alertness, cured within
few minutes
Grade II Moderate Alertness, cured within an
hour or two
Grade III Severe Fainting
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
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Lesson 2
SAFExercise
Unit 5| The “S” in W.I.S.E
Physical Education and Health
Physical Education and Health 11
14
SAFExercise
Being active is not just about engaging in sports and fitness. It can also be about
moving around, doing chores, and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle. Injuries may still
occur during activities, but being mindful is the key to avoiding them.
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Dehydration
Dehydration happens when a
person loses more fluid
than he or she is taking in. The
human body needs enough water
and other fluids to perform its
normal functions.
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Overexertion
Overexertion occurs when a person
undertakes too much physical and
skeletomuscular activity. Some
people forget that the body has a
limit. Recovery from work is a
critical factor in improving oneself
as the body uses this time to
replenish itself.
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Hypothermia and Hyperthermia
Hypothermia Hyperthermia
Description the body temperature drops the body temperature rises
due to cold weather due to hot weather
● insufficient amount of
Cause clothing during cold ● extremely hot weather
weather ● the body is not
● staying out too long properly cooled down
during cold weather.
● warm the body to
normal temperature as ● hydrate
How to avoid soon as possible; ● rest in a cool place
● wear multiple layers of
clothing to warm the
body, and avoid
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sweating
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