School of Civil Engineering

FMTH0301/Rev.5.3
Course Plan
Semester: 1 Academic Year: 2023-24
Course Title: Design of Bridges Course Code: 18ESEE701
Duration of ESA Hours: 4
Total Contact Hours: 50
Duration of ISA Hours: 1.5
ISA Marks: 50 ESA Marks: 50 Credits: 04
Lesson Plan Author: Dr. Arun Kumar G S / Dr. Manjunath Date: 03-02-2024
Checked By: Dr. M V Chitawadagi Date: 03-02-2024

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1. Explain the structural behavior of different types of bridges
2. Explain different loading standards for road bridges as per IRC codes
3. Design a deck slab bridge, RCC Box culvert, RCC T-beam bridge and rigid frame
bridge detail the reinforcement
4. Design a rectangular PSC girder bridge and detail the reinforcement

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Course Articulation Matrix:

Mapping of Course Outcomes (CO) with Program Outcomes
Course Title: Design of Bridges Semester: 1
Course Code: 18ESEE701 Year:2023-24

Course Outcomes (CO) / Program Outcomes (PO) 1 2 3 4 5

1.Explain the structural behavior of different types of bridges
L

2.Explain different loading standards for road bridges as per IRC

codes L

3.Design a deck slab bridge, RCC Box culvert, RCC T-beam

H H
bridge and rigid frame bridge detail the reinforcement
4. Design a rectangular PSC girder bridge and detail the
M H
reinforcement
Degree of compliance L: Low M: Medium H: High

Competency addressed in the Course and corresponding Performance Indicators

Competency Performance Indicators
1.1 - Ability to apply structural 1.1.1 - Identify and explain structural engineering
engineering principles for analysis and principles
design of structural engineering systems. 1.1.2 - Analyse and design structural engineering
systems
3.1 - Obtain solution to structural 3.1.1 - Conceive feasible structural systems for large
engineering related problems by real-life systems and carry out analysis, design and
analytical and numerical approaches detailing
leading to design of system components 3.1.2 - Modeling, analysis and detailed design solutions
for specified performance. meeting the performance constraints.
Eg: 1.2.3: Represents program outcome ‘1’, competency ‘2’ and performance indicator ‘3’.

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Course Content
Course Code: 18ESEE701 Course Title: Design of Bridges
L-T-P-SS: 4-0-0 Credits: 4 Contact Hrs: 50
CIE Marks: 50 SEE Marks: 50 Total Marks: 100
Teaching Hrs: 50 Exam Duration: 4 hrs

Content Hrs
Unit - 1
Chapter No. 1.Introduction 3 hrs
Historical development of bridges, site investigations, types of bridges and their
suitability.
Chapter No. 2.Bridge Loadings 3 hrs
Loads and stresses- various loads to be considered while designing bridges. IRC
loading standards. Impact factor, International bridge standards.
Chapter No. 3.Design of Solid Deck slab bridges 8 hrs
Design of Solid deck slab bridge, MOST standard drawings.
Chapter No. 4.Culverts 6 hrs
Types of culverts, Design of box culvert for IRC class loading.
Unit - 2
Chapter No. 5.Design of T-beam bridge 14 hrs
Design of T-beam bridge for class AA wheeled vehicle. Design of interior deck slab
panel by Pegaud’s theory. Design of longitudinal girder by Courbon's theory.
Approximate design of cross girder. Drawing of T-Beam bridge for given site
particular
Chapter No. 6.Rigid Frame Bridges 6 hrs
Introduction to Rigid Frame bridge, structural behavior of Rigid frame bridge,
Design forces Analysis and Design of rigid frame bridges.
Unit - 3
Chapter No. 7.Prestressed Concrete Bridges 10 hrs
Concept of Prestressing, Advantages of PSC bridges, Design of PSC bridges
(Rectangular and I–sections), Cable profiles, Stress calculations, Design of End
blocks

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Text Book (List of books as mentioned in the approved syllabus)

1. Victor, D.J. , Essentials of Bridge Engineering, , 6th, Oxford - IBH Publishers New Delhi,
2006
2. Krishna Raju, N., , Design of Bridges, 6th, Oxford - IBH Publishers, New Delhi, 2007.
3. Praveen Nagarajan, Design of Concrete Bridges, 1st edition, Wiley publishers, New Delhi,
2020.
4. IRC 112:2020 & IRC 6:2017.
References
1. Jagadish, T.R. and Jayaram, M.A. , Design of Bridge Structures, 5th, Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi, 2010
2. Rajagopalan, N., , Bridge Superstructure, 3rd, Narosa Publishers, New Delhi, 2006

Evaluation Scheme
ISA Scheme
Assessment Weightage in Marks
Minor Exam-I 20
Minor Exam-II 20
Class tests
10
and site visits
Total 50

Course Unitization for Minor Exams and End Semester Assessment

Topics / Chapters Teaching No. of No. of No. of
hours Questions in Questions in Questions
Minor Exam- Minor Exam- in ESA
I II

1.Introduction 3 1 -- 1
2.Bridge Loadings 3 1 -- 1
3.Design of Solid Deck slab bridges 8 2 -- 1
4.Culverts 6 1 -- 1
5.Design of T-beam bridge 14 -- 3 2
6.Rigid Frame Bridges 6 -- 2 2
7.Prestressed Concrete Bridges 10 -- -- 3

Note
1. Each Question carries 20 marks and may consists of sub-questions.
2. Mixing of sub-questions from different chapters within a unit (only for Unit I and Unit II)
is allowed in Minor I, II and ESA.
3. Answer 5 full questions of 20 marks each (two full questions from Unit I, II and one full
questions from Unit III) out of 8 questions in ESA.

Date: 23-02-2024 Head of School

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Chapter-wise Plan
Course Code and Title: 18ESEE701/ Design of Bridges
Chapter Number and Title: 1.Introduction Planned Hours: 3 hrs

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:
TLO's CO's BL CA Code
1. Explain the historical development of the bridges. CO1 L2 1.1.1
2. Explain the aesthetic issues in bridges structures. CO1 L2 1.1.1
3. Explain the forces acting on the bridge structures. CO1 L2 1.1.1
4. Explain different types of bridges and their suitability. CO1 L2 1.1.1
5. Classify the bridges based on the structural concepts CO1 L2 1.1.1
6. Evaluate the suitability of a site for the construction of bridges CO1 L2 1.1.1

Lesson Schedule
Class No. - Portion covered per hour
1. Historical development of bridges, Introduction to bridge structures.
2. Different types of bridges.
3. Site investigations

Review Questions
Sr.No. - Questions TLO BL PI Code
1. Explain the various forces to be considered while designing a TLO3 L2 1.1
bridge.
2. What are the criterions for adopting a particular type of bridge in TLO4 L2 1.1
various situations?
3. What are the investigations to be carried out in selection of TLO4 L2 1.1
suitable site for a bridge?
4. Explain the merits and demerits of RCC and PSC bridges. TLO4 L2 1.1

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Course Code and Title: 18ESEE701/ Design of Bridges

Chapter Number and Title: 2.Bridge Loadings Planned Hours: 3 hrs

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:
TLO's CO's BL CA Code
1. Identify type of loading suitable for the given type of bridge. CO2 L2 1.1.1
2. Determine the position of moving loads for critical design forces CO2 L2 1.1.1
in various components of bridges.
3. Calculate the contribution due to impact of live loads. CO2 L2 1.1.1

Lesson Schedule
Class No. - Portion covered per hour
1. Introduction
2. Bridge loadings.
3. I.R.C. loading

Review Questions
Sr.No. - Questions TLO BL PI Code
1. Explain the different types of bridge loadings. TLO1 L2 1.1
2. Calculate the impact loading on a RCC bridge of span 10m. TLO3 L2 1.1
3. Determine the load position of Class–A/70R loading on 2 lane TLO2 L2 1.1
RCC bridge.

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Course Code and Title: 18ESEE701/ Design of Bridges

Chapter Number and Title: 3.Design of Solid Deck slab bridges Planned Hours: 8 hrs

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:
TLO's CO's BL CA Code
1. Explain the critical location of moving loads on a deck slab. CO3 L2 1.1.1
2. Design Deck slab bridges for small spans. CO3 L3 1.1.1,1.1.2,3.1.1
3. Sketch the reinforcement details for the solid deck slab. CO3 L3 1.1.1,1.1.2,3.1.1

Lesson Schedule
Class No. - Portion covered per hour
1. Introduction to RCC Slab type bridges
2. IRC Loading on the slab bridges
3. Conceptual structural behavior of Deck slab bridge
4. Design forces and Analysis of Deck Slab bridge
5. Design procedure of RCC deck slab
6. Numerical example : Design of Deck Slab
7. Numerical example
8. MOST standard drawings

Review Questions
Sr. No. - Questions TLO BL PI Code
1. Evaluate design bending moment and shear force for a slab TLO2 L3 3.1
culvert with the following data: Effective span : 6. 5 m Road width :
7.5 m Footpath on either sides: 0.6 m Thickness of wearing coat: 80
mm Live load: As per IRC 6:2017.
2. Design the deck slab bridge for the following data: Clear Span : 9 TLO2 L3 3.1
m Live load : IRC 6:2017, WC thickness: 75 mm Carriage way
width : 7.5m Footpath width: 1.2 m on either side. Material: M20,
Fe415

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Course Code and Title: 18ESEE701/ Design of Bridges

Chapter Number and Title: 4.Culverts Planned Hours: 6 hrs

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:
TLO's CO's BL CA Code
1. Evaluate the loads acting on the box culvert bridges. CO4 L2 1.1.1
1.1.2
2. Design the box culvert under different loading conditions. CO4 L3 3.1.1
3.1.2
3. Sketch the reinforcement details for box culvert. CO4 L3 3.1.1
3.1.2

Lesson Schedule
Class No. - Portion covered per hour
1. Introduction to RCC Box Culvert Slab bridges
2. IRC Loading on the slab bridges
3. Conceptual structural behavior of Box Culvert bridge
4. Design forces and Analysis of Box Culvert bridge
5. Numerical example
6. MOST standard drawings

Review Questions
Sr. No. - Questions TLO BL PI Code
1. Design a box culvert for a vent opening of 3.5 m x 3.5 m and the TLO2 L3 3.1
thickness of wall 300 mm for a following data: Road width : 7.5 m
Wearing coat : 80 mm Type of live load : IRC 6:2017, Load
combination : DL + LL+ Soil pressure only & No water Unit wt of
soil : 18 kN/cum Angle of repose : 28 degrees Grade of Concrete ;
M 20 Grade of steel : Fe415

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Course Code and Title: 18ESEE701/ Design of Bridges

Chapter Number and Title: 5.Design of T-beam bridge Planned Hours: 14 hrs
Learning Outcomes: At the end of the topic the student should be able to:
TLO's CO's BL CA Code
1. Position the live load for design forces of deck slab CO5 L2 1.1.1
2. Position the live load suitably for the critical forces of T beam CO5 L2 1.1.1
girder.
3. Design the deck slab using Pegaud’s curves. CO5 L3 3.1.1,3.1.2
4.Design the T beam using Courbon’s procedure. CO5 L3 3.1.1,3.1.2
5.Sketch the reinforcement details for deck slab and T beams. CO5 L3 3.1.1,3.1.2

Lesson Schedule
Class No. - Portion covered per hour
1. Introduction to RCC T-Beam bridges
2. IRC Loading on the T Beam bridges
3. Conceptual structural behavior
4. Design forces and Analysis of T-Beam bridge
5. Introduction to Piegaud' s theory
6. Design of interior deck slab panel by Piegaud' s theory
7. Design procedure of RCC T Beam bridge
8. Numerical example : T Beam Bridge
9. Numerical ( Continued)
10. Numerical ( Continued)
11. Design of Cross girders
12. Reinforcement details
13. Bar banding schedules
14. MOST bridge drawings
Review Questions
Sr. No. - Questions TLO BL PI Code
1. Explain following load distribution theories pertaining to the TLO2 L2 1.1
longitudinal girders of the T Beam bridge, i. Courbon’s method ii.
Hendry-Jaeger method iii. Guyon–Massonet method.
2. Design a RCC T Beam bridge for the following data: Effective TLO5 L3 3.1
span : 16 m Road : Two Lane Footpaths : 1m wide Loading : IRC
6:2017, No of longitudinal girders: 3 no.s C/C dist of longitudinal
girders: 2.75 mm c/c No of cross girder : 4 any. Grade of Concrete :
M 20 Grade of steel : Fe415 Design the interior panel and outer
main girder Detail the reinforcement of deck slab and main girder.

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Course Code and Title: 18ESEE701/ Design of Bridges

Chapter Number and Title: 6.Rigid Frame Bridges Planned Hours: 6 hrs

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:
TLO's CO's BL CA Code
1. Explain the suitability of rigid frame bridge. CO6 L2 1.1.1
2. Analyze the rigid frame portal under IRC loadings. CO6 L3 3.1.1,3.1.2
3. Design the rigid frame bridge and Sketch the reinforcement CO6 L3 3.1.1,3.1.2
details.
4. Solution using like SAP CO7 L3 5.2.1

Lesson Schedule
Class No. - Portion covered per hour
1. Introduction to Rigid Frame bridge
2. Conceptual structural behavior of Rigid frame bridge
3. Design forces and Analysis
4. Design procedure of RCC Rigid frame bridge
5. Numerical example
6. Solution using computer software like SAP

Review Questions
Sr. No. - Questions TLO BL PI Code
1. Explain the design procedure of rigid frame bridge. TLO3 L3 3.1.2
2. Design rigid frame bridge portal with the following data: TLO3 L3 3.1.2
Effective span : 16 m Road width : 7.5 m Footpath on either sides :
0.6 m Thickness of wearing coat : 80 mm Live load : IRC 6:2017
loading, Grade of Concrete ; M 20 Grade of steel : Fe415 Other
details : as per IRC standards

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Course Code and Title: 18ESEE701/ Design of Bridges

Chapter Number and Title: 7.Prestressed Concrete Bridges Planned Hours: 10 hrs
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:
TLO's CO's BL CA Code
1. Explain the advantages of PSC bridges over RCC bridges. CO7 L2 1.1.1
2. Estimate the loadings on the PSC bridges CO8 L3 1.1.1
3. Calculate the permissible stresses at various stages as per CO8 L3 1.1.1,1.1.2
IS/IRC codes.
4. Design the PSC cross section subjected to IRC loading. CO8 L3 1.1.1,1.1.2
5. Estimate the Prestressing force and locate the cable profile. CO8 L2 3.1.1,3.1.2

Lesson Schedule
Class No. - Portion covered per hour
1. Introduction to Prestressing Concepts
2. Advantages of P.S.C. structures
3. Materials and stresses as per IS and IRC codes
4. Cable profile
5. Analysis & Design procedure of PSC bridges
6. Numerical Example : design of PSC Bridge
7. Ultimate strength design of PSC bridges
8. Reinforcement details of PSC bridges
9. End blocks
10. Design of end blocks
Review Questions
Sr.No. - Questions TLO BL PI Code
1. Explain the design procedure of PSC bridge. TLO5 L2 1.1
2. Explain design methodology of end block. TLO4 L2 1.1
3. Design a girder for two lane PSC bridge for the following data: TLO4 L3 3.1
C/c dist of bearing : 36 m Clear road width : 6.8 m Concrete Mix :
M35 Steel : Fe415 Permissible compressive stress at transfer
:7.5MPa Permissible comp. Stress at working : 14.0 MPa
Permissible tensile stress at transfer : 7.15 MPa Permissible tensile
stress at working : NIL Use 8mm dia HTS wire Characteristic
tensile strength : 1500 MPa Thickness of slab : 250 mm WC
thickness : 80 mm Loading : as per IRC 6:2017.

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Class tests and Site visits:

Class tests: (no specific dates)
After completion of each chapter there will be a class test of 20 minutes of 10
questions, tests will be conducted via google form. Student has to answer based
on the calculations and submit the calculation sheets, if anyone fails to submit
the calculation sheets then marks will be considered as zero.

Site visits: (atleast 2)

Students should search, visit the bridge sites and submit the following technical
data:
1. Geotagged photos.
2. Bridge plan drawings.
3. Analysis using any FEM package.
4. Basic design data.
5. Compare with IRC/MOST standard drawings.

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Model Question Paper for Minor Exam I

Coursecode:18ESEE701 Course Title: Design of Bridges
Duration: 2 hrs
Max. Marks: 50
Note: All questions are compulsory.
Q. No Questions Marks CLO PI Code BL
PART A
1. What are the different types of bridge structures? 5 1 1.1.1 L2
Indicate their suitability.
2. What are the various loadings to be considered to a 5 2 1.1.1 L2
design a bridge?
PART B
3. Evaluate the design bending moment and shear force for 10 3 1.1.1 L3
a deck slab for the following data.
Clear span : 8.0 m
Clear width of road way : 7.5m
Average thickness of WC : 80 mm
Loading :IRC 6:2017
Grade of Concrete : M 20
Grade of steel : Fe415
4. Design the solid deck slab for the following data and 10 3 3.1.1 L3
detail the reinforcement.
Clear span : 8.0 m
Clear width of road way : 7.5m
Average thickness of WC : 80 mm
Loading :IRC 6:2017
Grade of Concrete : M 20
Grade of steel : Fe415
PART C
5. Design a box culvert for the following data and detail 20 4 3.1.1 L3
the reinforcement.
Vent opening :4mx4m
Thickness of wall : 350 mm
Road width : 7.5 m
Wearing coat : 80 mm
Type of live load : IRC 6:2017
Load combination : DL + LL+ Soil pressure only &
No water
Unit wt of soil : 18 kN/cum
Angle of repose : 28 degrees
Grade of Concrete : M 20
Grade of steel : Fe415

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Model Question Paper for Minor Exam II

Coursecode:18ESEE701 Course Title: Design of Bridges
Duration: 2 hrs
Max. Marks: 50
Note: Answer all questions.
Q.N Mar CL
Questions PI Code BL
o ks O
PART A
Write a short note on Load distribution theories among the
1 5 5 1.1.1 L2
longitudinal girders.
2 What are the advantages of Rigid frame bridges? 5 6 1.1.1 L2
PART B
3. Design the interior panel for the following data: 10 5 3.1.1 L3
Panel size : 3m x 5m
Materials : M20 Fe415
Loading : IRC 6:2017
4. Calculate the design bending moment and shear force for 10 5 3.1.1 L3
a rigid frame with the following data:
Effective span : 12 m
Road width : 7.5 m
Footpath on either sides : 0.6 m
Thickness of wearing coat : 80 mm
Grade of Concrete : M 20
Grade of steel : Fe415
Live load : IRC 6:2017
PART C
5. Design a RCC T Beam bridge for the following data: 20 6 3.1.1 L3

Effective span : 16 m
Road : Two Lane
Footpaths : 1m wide
Loading : IRC 6:2017
No of longitudinal girders : 3
C/C dist of longitudinal girders : 2.75 mm c/c
No of cross girders :4
Grade of Concrete : M 20
Grade of steel : Fe415
Design the outer main girder and sketch the reinforcement
details of main girder.

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Model Question Paper for End Semester Assessment

Course Code:18ESEE701 Course Title: Design of Bridges
Duration: 4 hrs
Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer all questions from PART-A and PART-B and any 2 questions from PART-C.
2. Assume the suitable data if necessary.
CL
Q. No Questions Marks PI Code BL
O
PART-A
1. Write a note on historical development of bridges. 5 1 1.1.1 L2
Explain the various design forces acting on the bridge 5 2 1.1.1 L2
2.
structures.
3. Explain the suitability of rigid frame bridge. 5 6 1.1.1 L2

Explain the advantages of PSC bridges over RCC 5 7 1.1.1 L2

4.
bridges.
PART-B
5. Evaluate the design bending moment and shear force 10 4 3.1.1 L3
for the following details for a box culvert:
Inside dimension: 4 x 4 m.
Superimposed dead load: 12 kN /m2
Unit wt of soil :18 kN/m3
angle of repose :30o
Live load : IRC 6:2017.
Loading case : DL + LL + Soil pressure (No water
inside)
Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.
Sketch the reinforcement details in the box culvert

6. Design the interior panel for the following data: 10 5 3.1.1 L3

Panel size : 2.75m x 5m

Loading : Class A loading (position as
indicated)
Materials : M20 Fe415
Sketch the reinforcement details.
7. Calculate the design bending moment and shear force 10 6 3.1.1 L3
for a rigid frame with the following data:
Effective span : 12 m
Road width : 7.5 m
Footpath on either sides : 0.6 m
Thickness of wearing coat : 80 mm
Grade of Concrete : M 20
Grade of steel : Fe415
Live load : IRC 6:2017
8. Design a post tensioned prestressed concrete bridge 10 8 3.1.1 L3
deck for the following data:
Clear span : 10m

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Width of bearing : 400mm

Clear width of roadway : 7.5m
Footpath on eitherr side : 1m width
Thickness of wearing coat : 80mm
Thickness of deck : 500mm
PART-C
9. Design a solid deck slab bridge and detail the 20 3 3.1.1 L3
reinforcement for the following details:
Given data:
Clear Span : 7.5m
WC thickness : 80mm
Deck slab thickness : 750mm
Class AA Wheeled vehicle and Class A loading
10. Design the interior girder of a T-beam bridge for the 20 5 3.1.1 L3
following data:
Effective span of the girder : 15 m
No. of main girders :3
No. of cross girders :4
Slab thickness : 250mm
Loading : IRC 6:2017
Materials : M30, Fe415
Design the girder and sketch the reinforcement details.
11. Design the Rectangular PSC girder for the following 20 8 3.1.1 L3
data:
Effective Span : 10 m
C/S size: 300 x 600 mm
Live load : 40kN/m
Type : Class-I
Find the minimum prestressing force and eccentricity
of the cable.
Also sketch the cable profile.

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