Duhok Polytechnic University

Shekhan Technical Institute

Information Technology Department
Computer Network I

Transmission Medium

:Prepared by
‫االء محمد إسماعيل‬
:Teacher’s name
‫عمر صدقي‬
‫وارفين ميرزا‬

2023
1
 :Contents

Page number Objective

Page 2 Contents

Page 3 Introduction

Page 4 Guided Transmission medium

Guided Transmission medium

Page 5 Types
Unguided transmission
Page 6 medium

Page 7 Unguided Transmission

medium Types
Difference between guided and
Page 8 unguided, Conclusion

Page 9 Referensce

2
 Introduction

Transmission medium refers to the physical pathway or channel

that is used to transmit information from one point to another. It
can be a physical or wireless medium that carries signals
between devices or systems. In telecommunications and
computer networks, transmission media are used to transmit data,
.voice, and video signals

There are various types of transmission media, including wired

and wireless media. Wired transmission media include copper
wires, fiber-optic cables, and coaxial cables, while wireless media
.include radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves

The choice of transmission medium depends on the distance,

speed, cost, and reliability of the transmission. Each transmission
medium has its advantages and disadvantages, and the selection
of a transmission medium depends on the requirements of the
.application

The transmission medium plays a critical role in the overall

performance of a communication system. The quality of the
transmission medium can affect the speed, accuracy, and
reliability of the transmitted signals. Therefore, it is essential to
choose the appropriate transmission medium for a particular
application to ensure that the transmitted data is accurate,
.reliable, and secure
3
:Guided Transmission medium

A guided transmission medium is a physical pathway through

which signals are transmitted from one point to another. In this
type of transmission medium, the signals are guided along a
physical path such as a wire, fiber optic cable, or coaxial cable,
.which helps to minimize signal attenuation and distortion

Guided transmission media can be classified into two main

categories: wired and optical. Wired guided transmission media
include twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and shielded cables.
Optical guided transmission media include fiber optic cables,
which use light to transmit signals through thin strands of glass or
.plastic

Guided transmission media have the advantage of being more

reliable and secure than wireless transmission media since the
signals are confined to a physical pathway. They are also able to
transmit signals over longer distances with less signal loss.
However, guided transmission media can be more expensive to
install and maintain than wireless transmission media, and they
may be more susceptible to damage from environmental factors
.such as moisture or physical trauma

4
:Guided Transmission medium Types

:There are two main types of guided transmission media

Twisted Pair Cable: A twisted pair cable is a type of guided .1

transmission medium made up of two copper wires that are
twisted around each other. It is commonly used in telephone
networks and local area networks (LANs). The two wires in a
twisted pair cable are twisted together to reduce interference from
other sources, such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) and
radio frequency interference
)RFI( .

Coaxial Cable: A coaxial cable is a type of guided transmission .2

medium that consists of a central conductor surrounded by a layer
of insulation, a layer of braided metal shielding, and an outer
sheath. Coaxial cables are commonly used for cable television,
high-speed internet, and other data transmission applications.
The braided metal shielding helps to reduce interference and
.noise in the signal

Other types of guided transmission media include optical fiber

cables, which use light to transmit data, and waveguides, which
are used for high-frequency applications. However, these are less
.commonly used compared to twisted pair and coaxial cables

5
:Unguided transmission medium

Unguided transmission medium, also known as wireless

communication or wireless transmission, refers to the
transmission of data through the air or space without the use of
any physical cables or wires. In unguided transmission, the
electromagnetic waves are used to transmit data, which
propagate through the air or space and are received by a receiver
at the other end. The unguided transmission medium is used in
various applications such as mobile communication, satellite
.communication, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, and many more

Unguided transmission medium has several advantages over

guided transmission medium such as no physical infrastructure
required, easy installation, and flexibility. However, it also has
some disadvantages such as interference from other sources,
.limited bandwidth, and security concerns

:Unguided Transmission medium Types

:The types of unguided transmission media include

Radio waves: Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that are .1
used for communication over long distances. They are used in
radio and television broadcasting, mobile phones, and satellite
.communication

6
Microwaves: Microwaves are high-frequency electromagnetic .2
waves that are used for communication over shorter distances.
They are used in microwave ovens, wireless LANs, and satellite
.communication

Infrared waves: Infrared waves are electromagnetic waves that .3

have a wavelength longer than visible light but shorter than
microwaves. They are used in remote controls, wireless
.headphones, and some short-range communication systems

Light waves: Light waves are electromagnetic waves that are .4

used for communication over short distances. They are used in
optical fiber communication, laser communication, and free-space
.optical communication

Ultraviolet waves: Ultraviolet waves are electromagnetic waves .5

that have a higher frequency than visible light but lower than X-
.rays. They are used in some short-range communication systems

X-rays and Gamma rays: X-rays and Gamma rays are .6

electromagnetic waves that have a very high frequency and are
used in medical imaging, industrial radiography, and some
.scientific research applications

7
:Difference between guided and unguided
The main difference between guided and unguided transmission
,media is that
guided media have a well-defined path that confines the
transmission signals, whereas unguided media do not. Guided
media typically have higher bandwidth and are less susceptible to
interference than unguided media, but they are more expensive
and difficult to install. Unguided media, on the other hand, are
less expensive and easier to install, but they are more susceptible
.to interference and have lower bandwidth than guided media

:Conclusion

In conclusion, transmission medium refers to the physical path

through which data travels from one device to another. There are
several types of transmission media, including wired and wireless
options, such as copper wires, fiber optics, radio waves, and
satellite transmissions. The choice of transmission medium
depends on various factors, including the distance between the
devices, the speed and bandwidth required, and the cost. Each
transmission medium has its advantages and disadvantages, and
the selection of the appropriate medium requires careful
consideration of these factors. Overall, the use of an appropriate
transmission medium is essential for ensuring reliable and
.efficient communication between devices

8
:Referensce

.Transmission Lines and Waveguides" by John D. Ryder".1

Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals" by Bhag Singh " .2

.Guru and Hüseyin R. Hiziroglu

.Fiber-Optic Communication Systems" by Govind P. Agrawal" .3

.Microwave Engineering" by David M. Pozar".4

Introduction to Communication Systems" by Ferrell" .5

.G. Stremler