Hagen Equation

Poiseuille

flow of the viscid through a cigar

Titi t

p HE.am

Consider horizontal pipe radius R The

a
of
viscous fluid is left element
flowing from to right as
Consider a fluid
shown in the figure
radius r sliding cylindrical fluid
in a
of
element of radius ft dry Let the length of
element be ax R be the radius of
fluid is flowing
in which fluid
pipe
 on face AB
Let p be the intensity of pressure
CD
be the intensity of pressure on face
R fax acts on
shear force of exzarase
the surface of the fluid element

Now

I Fx 0

A yoga e ar ax o

game e xxx

4 7
85

T.EEd
Whitt e
I today
 Here
pudgy

But here R r
y
do
dy
so
y Edr
e

From equation
e
z if
E
w r t r
Integrating
8
1 1
To find the value of constant c

Boundary conditions
At ER 4 0

Ier't
So c becomes
u
 o
8 R't C

R2
C
8
substituting c in equation we get
a
fpdf.si offer

fµT
u i

Velocity distribution
 To find the average velocity
Uarg
the
The average velocity is obtained by dividing
area
discharge of the fluid across the sectional
in which it is flowing

d Velocity at radius X area of ring element

dQ UX 2Ardr

dQ R2 r zardr
x

Q de R2 f utrdr
for fµ c

fi 17 R2 f rdr
2

tff EI FIR
Q t luf RI

µ T ot
Uarg T Eea

EFFIE
2
1uma

Pyare diop Is the sections

ideasection

i
I
shown in
1 I

É
Using J equation
5
811 81 R

I set

de
f 2 op 8
2
n

ME
8 ai se
R Py

P Pa 8NEpa a a

X L
But Xz

P Pz 8 N L
Ipa
P Pa 321 1
8104,42

Pig 324 2
so 34
ftp.Pg
t Tiequationisknocas
Hagen
Poiseuille's

equation
 Is

!$'
!$(
!$)
Laminarflowpandeweepgggaraigitatonangplate

Consider two parallel fixed plates kept at a

distance in the Consider
of t as shown fig
a fluid element
of length ax thickness ay and
unit width at a distance of from the lower
y
fixed plate
Parallel plate fixed
1111111

I 5474
EI FIFTH gene aye
y
Is.tt I
Parallelplate
fixed
If p is the intensity of pressure on face AB

Pt 8,1 ax is the
premiere
on face CD

E is the shear stress on face BC

the shear stress on face AD
ft Gay is

Then
Pressure force on AB Pray x 1
Pressure force CD
fax
on
p ay x I
shear force on BC exam x I
shear force on AD
ft Ey ay ax x1

Therefore resultant force in the direction

is zero
offlow
So

Iya It gym eat 4

If
81 ax ay ggayax o
Dividing by ax
ay

ft Ey 0

87
181 o

r
t
now

so
of g ptg
8,1 nog

It
 t
Integrating w v
y

fay o

w rit y
Integrating further

I 8.9 99 9

boundaries
To find c and ez applying
conditions
i at o u o
y
at 6 0
yet
So at y o u 0

0 0 C2 0
to C2
At yet 0 0

I Etc t t ca

o
Etc t to

c 8,4 fit
Now reduces to
eqn
u t t fat y to

14 532
24 14

velocity and shearstress distribution

uman
II Gif
Lumaxe
FEty
The average velocity J or Varg is obtained by dividing
the discharge across the section
by the area of
section f x1
The rate of flow throughthe strip ABCD
da UX area of strip
da ty yr dy x1

fo'dg
ft Felty yr dy

o
E E
9
4 7 E E coffee
Q
4 tf t

Varg g
Varg
 1uars

therefore
t.EE E z
y

I I
Pressuredny
Considering two section and as shown

i
From Varg
42,8ft
o

Integrating w it x btw and

Idp uargd.de
x
Pa p Uarsf
Po p VargEd 74 9
Yea se L

Pe P 1210 L
Varg
or

Pi Pa Ugg 12µL

hp
Pig Ung 124g

ftp.rtfgt
 shstigdistribution
e
NG Felty y'T

2 101 4 291
4
12 71
14,4
and t
If I are constant e varies linearly
with y
shear stress is maximum when
y o ort pipewall
shear stress is zero when É pipe centre
y
Maximum shear stress
Imax is

leman
EEty
Plane Poi seville equation
Flow between two paralle
of viscous fluid
plates one
moving
and other fixed
plate Couette flow
Jet
stream of fluid

t.DK

F ma
IM
fav fail

IN
Impactofsets
E
af data
T
i
i

Pipe

Q 02 03
San again any
in x axis
FE changeoffyventum
For max
Fx
ME
E
IV
Ees fav Ur
Fx Sav Antialvelocity Final velocity

conidifigibu stead inviscid

 Impact of Jets
stationary plates

vertical plate
stationary
Force exerted by a jet of
water on a

stationary fixed plate

Ffwatwpat .us
Pipe

L y
f
4,441g

H I
consider a jet of water out from
coming fixed
a nozzle of diameter'd strikes
a

with as shown in the

plate velocity'v
figure cross section
Let a be the area of
of the jet
 From the momentum equation
Force exerted bythe jet rate of change of
on the plate momentum
Findmmetum
F Initium
time

ma Initial velocity final velocity

F me

F fav V o

Belait
Similarly
ma Initial velocity final velocity
Fy me

v
far o
Fy
Fy
 Stationary Inclined plate
ninolined
Force exated bya jet of waterona
plates
stationary water
No226no jetof
AV
fixedpig
vs

I c

oi
he

F Fncos910 O FuSind Fu is the normal

Sinko O FucosO force
Fg Fn

Now dirn is
X
Force in
Foc Fn Sind
Fa since
my Initialcity Finn
since
Fx fav V sino o

fav o since cos O

Fy
9aV2sinOcos
Fy