Grade 8
Square and square root(1)
A natural number having 2,3,7 or 8 at unit place is never a perfect square
A natural number having 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 0r 9 at unit place may or may not be a perfect square.
A number ending with an odd number of zeroes is never a perfect square.
The square of odd number is always odd.
The square of even number is always even.
Factors of every square number can be grouped in pairs of equal factor
The square of number ending
with 1 or 9 is 1 [ex 11² = 121, 19 ²= 361]
with 2 or 8 is 4 [ ]
with 3 or 7 is 9 [ ]
with 4 or 6 is 6
with 5 is 5
with 0 is 0
. The number with n digits has either (2n -1) or 2n digits
The square of any odd number can be expressed as the sum of two consecutive positive
numbers. Example,
3² = 9 = 4 + 5
11² = 121 = 60 + 61
A perfect square leaves remainder 0 or 1 when divided by 3.
4 is a perfect square. 4÷ 3 gives remainder 1
9 is a perfect square. 9÷ 3 gives remainder 0
12. The square of natural number> 1 can be written as
(a) multiple of 3 or ( multiple of 3 )+ 1 [ ex 4² = 16 = 3(5) + 1 , 3² = 9 = 3(3)]
(b) multiple of 4 or (multiple of 4) + 1 [ex 4² = 16 = 4(4) , 3² = 9 = 4(2) +1]
Between the squares of any two consecutive numbers n, n+1, there are 2n non-perfect square
numbers.[ between 5² and 6² there are 2(5) = 10 numbers]
Square of number by column method for 2digit number
Ex : 98² = …. Here a= 9 and b = 8
98² = 9604
Square of number using diagonal method for 2-digit number
Ex: 86² = ….
Add numbers diagonally
86² =7396
Ex: 137² = ………..
137² = 18,769
PRACTICE QUSTIONS
1]Find square using column method : a) 48 b) 91 c) 56 d) 53 e) 66 f) 69
2]Find square using diagonal method : a) 45 c) 125 c) 43 d) 479 e) 273 f) 66
Square of number ending with 5
Find square using shortcut method : a) 35² b) 55² c) 75² d) 95²
4]without actual
division find the sum a ) 1 + 3+ 5 + 7 = 4² = 16
b ) 1 + 3 + 5+ 7+ 9 + 11 + 13 =4² = 49
5. Find digits in ones place in squares of.. a) 19 Ans: 1 in unit place
b) 114 Ans: 6 in unit place
6] Express the following :
a)64 = 8² = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11+ 13+ 15
7] write as sum of 2 consecutive positive numbers a) 25² = 625
Let x and x +1 be 2 consecutive numbers
So x + x+ 1 = 625
2x + 1 = 625
2x = 625 – 1
2x = 624
x= 624/2
x = 312
So 625 = 312 + 313
7] 31² = 961
Let x and x+1 be 2 consecutive numbers
So x + x+ 1 = 961
2x + 1 =961
2x = 961-1
2x = 960
x = 960/2
x = 480
So two numbers are 480 and 481
Therefore 961 = 480 + 481
8]How many numbers lie between
a) 5² and 6² [ by Property 13]
Ans n= 5 so 2×5=10
So 10 numbers lie between 25 and 36
b) 8² and 9²
Ans: n = 8 so…………
……………………………….
Q9, Q10 and Q11 are H.W
