Massive MIMO & 5G NR

Telefonica Colombia
Study Session

Camilo Beltran Ericsson 2019-02-27

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Table of Content
Massive MIMO (FDD y TDD) y cálculos de ganancias teóricas 40 min
— AA System
— SU / MU MIMO
— MU MIMO Layers
— Capacity

New Radio (incluyendo Cálculos de ganancias teóricas) 110 min

— 5G Status on Standards
— Spectrum Update
— 5G deployment and network architecture evolution EN-DC
— NR Network Deployment
— NR Transport Architecture
— NR Gains & Performance
— NR Functionalities

•Bandas 5G y sus características de propagación (simulaciones de cobertura), link Budget.

•Análisis de capacidad en 5G (dimensionamiento).
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
LTE MASSIVE MIMO

AA System
SU / MU MIMO
MU MIMO Layers
Capacity
Advanced Antenna System

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Advanced antenna system

— TRXs integrated in the antenna array

sub-array
— One PA per sub-array
— Baseband controls each sub-array
— Adaptable & flexible weighting
— Full dimension beamforming PA
— ‘User’ and ‘Cell’ specific beamforming

Sub-array weights
PA
in

Baseband
horizontal and vertical domain

Increased opportunities to
adapt the weights

Baseband Active array antenna Adaptable

horizontally &
vertically
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Massive MIMO: Functionality

— Cell Shaping — Single-User MIMO — Multi-User MIMO

— Define cell shape to fit UE — Multiple streams to the same UE — Multiple streams to multiple UE
distribution — Sharp beam follows UE — Multiple UEs reuse same
— Decreases the inter cell — Higher SINR increases data rate frequency-time resources
interference — Benefit irrespective of load — Capacity gain in high load
and when channel is suitable

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Arrays of Subarrays

Subarray +15°
The subarray determines the angular coverage
area
+60°
— Beam width is inversely proportional to
-60°
antenna size

-15°

Array of subarrays
An array of subarrays has more narrow UE +15°
specific beams but same angular coverage area
as each of the subarrays +60°
-60°

-15°
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Arrays of Subarrays

+15°
More subarrays +15°

(TRX’s) will not -60° +60° -60° +60°

always give higher

capacity -15° -15°

Choose array size +30° +30°

based on the UE
angular Unused
-60°
distribution -60° +60° +60° beam
directions

-30°
-30°

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Elevation Beam width
Dense Urban High rise environment

AIR 6468/6488
Vertical angular coverage 30°

Large angular
spread of users in
vertical domain
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Elevation Beam width
Dense Urban High rise environment

AIR 6468/6488
Vertical angular coverage 30°

Large angular
spread of users in
vertical domain
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Elevation Beam width
Suburban flat environment
Large unused
potential in vertical
domain
AIR 6468/6488
Vertical angular coverage 30°
Small angular
spread of users in
vertical domain

Not using the full potential of vertical beam steering

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Elevation Beam width
Suburban flat environment

AIR 6468/6488
Vertical angular coverage 30°
Down tilting: 15° Small angular
spread of users in
vertical domain

Down tilting does not increase gain

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Elevation Beam width
Suburban flat environment
AIR 6468/6488
Vertical angular coverage 30°
Down tilting: 30°

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Elevation Beam width
Suburban flat environment
Large unused
AIR 6468/6488 potential in vertical
domain
Cell shape: Macro (HPBW: H = 65°, V= 10°)

Small angular
spread of users in
vertical domain

Macro cell shape is not utilizing the full potential of 64T64R

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Antenna configuration
Product positioning
V= 30° Short ISD ~200-500m
High rise buildings

64T64R

V= 15° Mid ISD ~500-1000m

Mid rise buildings
32T32R

Large ISD >1000m

V= 8° Flat buildings

16T16R

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

SU / MU MIMO

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Single user MIMO (SU-MIMO)

Layer 1
— In SU-MIMO one user per time-frequency
UE 1 resource on all layers
UE 2
— User specific BF provide array gain
Layer 2 UE 3 — SINR increases as #antennas increase
UE 4 — Benefits regardless of load
time

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Multi user MIMO (MU-MIMO)

Layer 1 — In MU-MIMO multiple users are using the same

UE 1 resources
— Since power is shared between layers, SINR will
UE 2
reduce with increasing no of MU-MIMO layers
Layer 2 UE 3
— MU-MIMO is beneficial if
UE 4 — UEs are BW limited, i.e. have maxed out capacity
in good SINR
Layer 3 — More layers available than UE capability

— MU-MIMO prerequisite
— There are UEs to “pair”, and
Layer 4
— These UEs are spatially separated, and
— The combined cell bit rate is higher than the bit
rate a single UE could get
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Multi user MIMO (MU-MIMO)

Layer 1
TM8 (64x2 MIMO)
Rank 2 capable devices

Layer 2

Separated by
beamforming
Layer 3
64T64R

Layer 4
UE specific
beams

Layers – Number of data streams transmitted or received

Beam – A beam consisting of one or two polarizations
Rank – Number of layers to a single UE (reported by UE)

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Multi and Single user Scheduling

UE1 layer
UE’s that cannot be co-scheduled
due to low buffer, SINR or frequency
UE2 separation => SU-MIMO
MU-MIMO
1-layer
UE3 MU-MIMO
1-layer
UE’s that meets SINR and
UE4 separation => MU-MIMO
SU-MIMO
UE5 1-layer

UE6
UE’s that meets SINR and
separation => MU-MIMO TTI time
UE7

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Multi and Single user Scheduling

UE1 layer

UE2 got into better conditions and now frequency

UE2 meets requirements for Rank 2

UE3

UE4
SU-MIMO
UE5 2-layer

UE6
TTI time
UE7

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Multi and Single user Scheduling

UE1 UE1 in better conditions => Rank 2 layer

frequency
UE2 UE2 emptied the buffer

UE3 UE3 in better conditions => Rank 2

MU-MIMO
UE4 cannot be co-scheduled => 2-layer
UE4
SU-MIMO Rank2
UE5 SU-MIMO
2-layer
UE6
TTI time
UE7

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

MU MIMO Layers

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Massive MIMO
SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO
— Full Ericsson Asian scenario
— 42 sectors in central UE dense part
— 63 sectors surrounding
— All 105 sectors use the same
antenna setup
— All 10000 users included
— FTP1 traffic model, 100 kByte
— Cell-specific tilt used for each cell SU-MIMO

SU-MIMO
MU-MIMO ≤8 layers 50% of transmissions
MU-MIMO ≤ 8 layers
47% of transmissions

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Channel Properties
Angular spread
Large UE angular spread
=> large gain with UE specific
beamforming and MU-MIMO

ASUE

Layer 1
Layer 2
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Channel Properties
Angular spread
Large channel angular
spread
=> better chance to resolve
multipaths and achieve high rank
Needed to support higher than rank
2 for a user
ASChannel

Layer 1
Layer 2
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Channel Properties
Interference

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Channel Properties
Interference

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Channel Properties
Interference

High Interference

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Channel Properties
Interference

Interference Signal/Power
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Layers

— Increased number of MU-MIMO users increase

Frequency reuse interference between streams/layers
(MU-MIMO) — Since power is shared by the layers the
received signal is reduced
— SINR goes down
SINR
(MCS per MIMO layer)

Typically # layers
~8 layers

Majority of MU-MIMO gain with up to 8 layers

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
M-MIMO Gains

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Comparison of 2 -> 64 TRX TDD
Asian Scenario High-rise ISD=200
— Asian Scenario High-rise Relative capacity gain
10x
— ISD 200 m
— Antenna height ~40-75m
— 80% indoor 8x
— 20% outdoor @ 3km/h ISD = 200
— Non-full-buffer traffic: 6x
FTP model 1

4x
— Large gain going from
8 -> 16 -> 32 -> 64 TRX
2x

Baseline

2TRX* 4TRX* 8TRX* 16TRX 32TRX 64TRX

*SU-MIMO
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Comparison of 2 -> 64 TRX TDD
Asian Scenario High-rise ISD=200
— Asian Scenario High-rise Relative capacity gain
10x
— ISD 200 m
— Antenna height ~40-75m
— 80% indoor 8x
— 20% outdoor @ 3km/h ISD = 200
— Non-full-buffer traffic: 6x
FTP model 1

4x
— Large gain going from
8 -> 16 -> 32 -> 64 TRX
2x
— MU-MIMO 50-100% gain Baseline
on top of SU-MIMO
2TRX 4TRX 8TRX 16TRX 32TRX 64TRX
SU-MIMO MU-MIMO
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Comparison of 2 -> 64 TRX TDD
Urban Macro (ISD=500m)
— 3GPP UMA 500 Relative capacity gain
10x
— ISD 500 m
— Antenna height 25m
— 80% indoor 8x
— 20% outdoor @ 3km/h ISD = 500
— Non-full-buffer traffic: 6x
FTP model 1

4x
— Small gain going from
16 -> 32 -> 64 TRX
2x

Baseline

2TRX* 4TRX* 8TRX* 16TRX 32TRX 64TRX

*SU-MIMO
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Comparison of 2 -> 64 TRX TDD
Urban Macro (ISD=500m)
— 3GPP UMA 500 Relative capacity gain
10x
— ISD 500 m
— Antenna height 25m
— 80% indoor 8x
— 20% outdoor @ 3km/h ISD = 500
— Non-full-buffer traffic: 6x
FTP model 1

4x
— Small gain going from
16 -> 32 -> 64 TRX
2x
— MU-MIMO 10-50% gain Baseline
on top of SU-MIMO
2TRX 4TRX 8TRX 16TRX 32TRX 64TRX
SU-MIMO MU-MIMO
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Comparison of 2 -> 64 TRX TDD
Suburban Macro (ISD=1000m)
— 3D Modified Suburban Relative capacity gain
Macro 10x

— ISD 1000 m
— Antenna height 25m 8x
— 80% indoor
ISD = 1000
— 20% outdoor @ 3km/h 6x
— Non-full-buffer traffic:
FTP model 1
4x
— No gain going from
16 -> 32 -> 64 TRX 2x

Baseline

2TRX* 4TRX* 8TRX* 16TRX 32TRX 64TRX

*SU-MIMO
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Comparison of 2 -> 64 TRX TDD
Suburban Macro (ISD=1000m)
— 3D Modified Suburban Relative capacity gain
Macro 10x

— ISD 1000 m
— Antenna height 20m 8x
— 80% indoor
ISD = 1000
— 20% outdoor @ 3km/h 6x
— Non-full-buffer traffic:
FTP model 1
4x
— No gain going from
16 -> 32 -> 64 TRX 2x

Baseline
— MU-MIMO 10% gain on
top of SU-MIMO 2TRX 4TRX 8TRX 16TRX 32TRX 64TRX
SU-MIMO MU-MIMO
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G NR OVERVIEW

5G Status on Standards
Spectrum Update
5G deployment and network architecture
evolutionEN-DC
NR Network Deployment
NR Transport Architecture
NR Gains & Performance
NR Functionalities
5G status on standards

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

 3GPP 5G timeplan
Evaluation
IMT-2020
ITU Requirements Proposals Specifications

3GPP
NR Study Item NR Work Item NR evo

LTE evo LTE evo LTE evo

Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

NR NSA NR SA
(non-standalone) (standalone)
ERAMBIR Michael Birgersson | 2019-02-19 | Ericsson Internal | Page 41
 First 5G new radio (NR) standard was completed ahead of
schedule
— The specification of 5G non-standalone
(NSA) NR in Stage 3 was completed in
December 2017, 6 months ahead of schedule
due to a strong push from various
stakeholders that wished to deploy 5G as
soon as possible

— The remainder of 5G Stage 3, including Next

Generation Core Network (5G CN), also
abbreviated NGCN, was completed by 14
June 2018, during 5G World in London, and
enables 5G deployments in a standalone
(SA) mode

“As of June 30, 2018, it’s mission accomplished”

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
 Itu Technical expectations of 5G
5G Technology Potential compared to LTE

World total: 6.5 Billion PB/m

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21 Commercial in confidence, © Ericsson AB 2018
Spectrum Update

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

 5G Radio Access
Evolution of existing technology + New Radio Access technology

Overall 5G solution

LTE Evolution NR
Tight Interworking
Dual Connectivity

Existing spectrum New spectrum

1 GHz 3 GHz 10 GHz 30 GHz 100 GHz User Plane Aggregation

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

 5G: Possible Frequency Bands and Timing
lower bands (MHz) mid bands (MHz) missing bands higher bands (GHz)
(WRC-23) 47.2 48.2

USA
600 3100 3550 3700 4200 27.5 28.35 37.5 40.5

Korea
700 3400 3700 4200 26.5 29.5

Japan
700 3400 3600 4200 4400 4900 27.5 29.5

Europa
700 3400 3800 4200 24.25 27.5 40.5 43.5

China
3300 3600 4400 4500 4800 5000 24.5 27.5 37 42.5
47.2 48.2

Latam
600 3400 3600 4200 27.5 28.35
6 – 24 GHz
Early
focus 24.5
600 700 3300 4200 29.5
areas 26.5
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21 (MHz) (GHz)
2018 - 2019 2020 >2020 Tentative
Agreed 3GPP Rel-15 NR Bands
FR1 - Band number UL DL Duplex mode FR2 - Band number UL DL Duplex mode
n1 1920 – 1980 MHz 2110 – 2170 MHz FDD n257 26.5 –29.5 GHz 26.5 –29.5 GHz TDD
n2 1850 – 1910 MHz 1930 – 1990 MHz FDD n258 24.25 – 27.5 GHz 24.25 – 27.5 GHz TDD
n3 1710 – 1785 MHz 1805 – 1880 MHz FDD n260 37–40 GHz 37–40 GHz TDD
n5 824 – 849 MHz 869 – 894MHz FDD
n7 2500 – 2570 MHz 2620 – 2690 MHz FDD
n8 880 – 915 MHz 925 – 960 MHz FDD
n20 832 – 862 MHz 791– 821MHz FDD LTE bands B42 and B43 missing
n28 703 – 748 MHz 758 – 803 MHz FDD
n38 2570 – 2620 MHz 2570 – 2620 MHz TDD
n41 2496 – 2690 MHz 2496 – 2690 MHz TDD
n50 1432 – 1517 MHz 1432 – 1517 MHz TDD
n51 1427 – 1432 MHz 1427 – 1432 MHz TDD
3.5GHz band definition – LTE & NR
n66 1710 – 1780 MHz 2110 – 2200 MHz FDD
n70 1695 – 1710 MHz 1995– 2020 MHz FDD
n71 663 – 698 MHz 617 – 652 MHz FDD
n74 1427 –1470 MHz 1475 – 1518 MHz FDD
n75 N/A 1432 – 1517 MHz SDL
n76 N/A 1427 – 1432 MHz SDL
n77 3.3 – 4.2 GHz 3.3 – 4.2 GHz TDD
n78 3.3 – 3.8 GHz 3.3 – 3.8 GHz TDD
n79 4.4 – 5.0 GHz 4.4 – 5.0 GHz TDD
n80 1710 – 1785 MHz N/A SUL
n81 880 – 915 MHz N/A SUL
n82 832 – 862 MHz N/A SUL
n83 703 – 748 MHz N/A SUL
n84 1920 – 1980 MHz N/A SUL
B42 and B43 freq. range covered by new NR band 78
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G Spectrum Bands and Use Cases
Coverage layer (eMBB, Indoor, Massive IoT)
— Suitable for use cases requiring wide area coverage, deep indoor and mobility
Low Band — Throughput/capacity limited by spectrum bandwidth availability
— NR to provide shorter latency than in LTE-A

Baseline capacity layer (eMBB, FWA, URLLC)

Medium Band — Flexible for many uses case with higher throughput, wider spectrum, LTE refarming
— Latency: <3ms RTT at 3.5GHz

Extreme capacity layer (eMBB, FWA, URLLC)

High Band — Large spectrum bandwidth potentially available: very high capacity and data rates
— Limited coverage, partially compensated with Massive MIMO
— Latency <1ms RTT at 26GHz

User System
Coverage Width Latency Mobility
Throughput capacity
Low Band *** * * *** *
Medium Band ** ** ** ** **
High Band * *** *** * ***
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Global status of 5G spectrum plans

First 5G spectrum
awarded

Planned award in
2018/2019

Planned award in
2020/2021

No 5G spectrum plan
yet, or unknown

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

5G deployment and network
architecture evolution
3GPP 5G Arquitecture Options

3GPP 3GPP target

5G EPC Q4 17 5GC Q2 18
S1-based N2/N3 (new interface)
Option 1 Option 3  EN-DC
Option 5 Option 2

Option 7  NGEN-DC Option 4  NE-DC

LTE NR LTE LTE NR

NR

Option 3 becomes Option 7 becomes Option 4 becomes

E-UTRA-NR DC (EN-DC) NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR DC NR-E-UTRA DC (NE-DC)
(NGEN-DC)
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Initial Architecture options
Industry Focus
NSA: Non-standalone
SA: Standalone
NSA Option 3 SA
(exactly Option 3x) 5G Enabled
Option 2
Core 5G Core

LTE NR NR NR

Tight interworking with LTE. Evolved EPC “Independent” overlay. Totally new CN architecture.
 Fastest TTM  Highest potential for further evolution
— Standardization : End of Dec 2017 — Standardization : End of Jun 2018
— Ericsson Support: Q4 2018 (RAN / CN) — Ericsson Support: Q2/Q3 2019 (RAN / CN)
— Initia Use Cases: — Initial Use Cases:
— eMBB + FWA — eMBB + FWA
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
NSA (option 3x) connectivity
Dual connectivity UL/DL decoupling LTE + NR aggregation

5G EPC 5G EPC
Mid-Band UL/DL
MME SGW
5G TDD decoupling RRC PDCP

S1-C S1-U 4G FDD LTE NR

RRC PDCP f1 f1
X2
Extend 3.5GHz coverage f2 f2
LTE NR . .
. .
. .
. .
fn fn

— Control plane through LTE

— S1-U terminates on NR — Use Low-Band LTE spectrum for — Aggregate all 4G and 5G spectrum
— UE attached to LTE and NR UL traffic and DL on NR spectrum — NR L1 control on low NR band
simultaneously — Maximize usage of Mid-Band 5G — Maximize user experience
— X2 i/f between LTE and NR — Increase Network capacity — Driver for same vendor on both
4G and 5G

ERAMBIR Michael Birgersson | 2019-02-19 | Ericsson Internal | Page 53

EUTRAN-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) with
UL/DL decoupling
NSA option 3X

EPC
CP
gNB eNB UP
(NR) (LTE)

Relative coverage gain

~14dB
NR mid/high Depends

band NR LTE ~10dB

on
baseline
LTE
Data aggregation
over NR and LTE Baseline
NR/LTE Data UL UL Data over LTE only
NR L1/L2 Cont. UL

Mid-band Dual Connectivity Carrier

Up to ~10 dB Data only over LTE
DL/UL
Coverage UL/DL Decoupling Aggregation

- UE dual UL is essential for EN-DC.

- 2TX (Dual UL), where the UE can transmit simultaneously on LTE and NR bands, is a mandatory UE capability for band combinations defined as “not difficult”,
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G device roadmap
1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

39 GHz
Highband
mmw 28 GHz

4.5 GHz

Midband 3.5 GHz

NSA , 3X

SUB 6 GHz SA , 2

NSA , 3X
2.6 GHz
SA , 2

Lowband FDD bands (600 MHz lead band)

FPGA 3GPP ASIC 3GPP Pocket Router Smartphone CPE / FWT Laptop
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G network evolution path
Today 4G Evolution 5G on mid-band Add 5G coverage Add 5G Capacity

3.5 GHz (n78)

AWS (B4)

1900 Mhz (B2)

850 Mhz (B5)

700 MHz (B28)

2G +3G 4G 5G 4G+5G
Dual connectivity
NSA 5G coverage
Stand Alone

— 5G will gradually be introduced in all frequency bands. Driven by:

— Use-case evolution
— 5G device uptake

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21 A complete 5G network will utilize low-, mid- and high-bands
Why low-band NR?

Race to Nationwide NR Vs LTE:

NR Coverage Spectral Efficiency,
~20%
— Be a frontrunner RAN Latency
— Higher spectrum ~17%
utilization ~14%
— Less Overhead
— Lower Latency

Extend mid- and high-band coverage Rich NR Standards Evolution

— Extend NR mid-band coverage with low-band
Carrier Aggregation Speed V2x
URLLC
— Also in NSA option 3 mode eMTC
CA
3.5GHz NR
Positioning
LB NR

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

LTE / NR Spectrum sharing
Gradually introduce 5G in 4G band
Frequency
based on NR device penetration

NR wide area coverage on existing LTE bands

Lowest TCO 5G introduction Shared radio +
share baseband, + shared spectrum 4G 5G Time
Radio

Extend coverage of 3.5 GHz NR band

NR low band extends higher bands with CA Legacy LTE UE NR UE

4G /5G BB
Ready for wide area 5G use-cases
Add spectrum based on capacity needs
Nationwide NR with software activation
Enabled by ERS and Spectrum Sharing
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Build an efficient 5G Network
Colombia
— Add 5G at 3.5 GHz where needed for
capacity

— Provide 5G also in medium capacity

and coverage sites (re-)using 4G bands
3500 5G
— Shared 4G/5G low band for coverage
AWS 4G

1900 4G/5G – ESS

850 4G
700 4G/5G – ESS

Leverage ERS 5G readiness and Ericsson Spectrum Sharing to enable 5G outside hot spots
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G architecture evolution
EPC 5G EPC 5G EPC + 5GC
Dual mode core

Option 1 Option 1 Option 3 Option 1 Option 3 Option 2

LTE LTE LTE LTE NR LTE LTE/NR NR

1 1 1
3 3
2

— Introduce NR air interface offer peak data rates — Introduce 5GC and next generation services without
early (NR NSA/Option 3) disturbing existing deployment (NR SA/Option 2)
— Fully leverage VoLTE or for voice while NR — Fully leverage VoLTE for voice while NR/5GC matures
matures — EPC-5GC interworking supporting migration

No impact to legacy services and in-market devices (incl. early 5G devices) while the network evolves

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

5G and the MBB evolution

New use cases

Evolved use cases

Existing use cases

Secure robust 4G Launch Deploy 5G with Network 5G is

network with 5G integrated stand-alone densification with main
Gigabit LTE and with 4G architecture high-band 5G stream
App Coverage

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

NEW RADIO EN-DC

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

NR Non-Standalone (NR NSA)
5G EPC
ENM
— NR Non-Standalone (NR NSA) introduces the
S1 S1
support for the 5G NR air-interface using existing
4G LTE infrastructure.
LTE eNB NR gNB
— NR NSA enhances mobile broadband (eMBB) to
provide increased data bandwidth and lower BBU BBU
X2
latency while maintaining connection reliability (e)CPRDIRB (e)CPRI
through LTE-NR Dual Connectivity.
RU RU

— 5G NR node (gNB) is connected to LTE eNB

through X2 interface and to EPC/SGW viaS1 Uu
(user-plane only) interface.
— NR gNB is managed by ENM throughexisting LTE UE NR UE
O&M interface.
Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
Internal Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 5
| 2018-02-21
NR NSA (EN-DC)Overview

— Ericsson’s E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)solution

is based on Option3x: EPC

— LTE eNB terminates the S1 Control Signaling (S1-C)

from EPC and Signalling Radio bearer (SRB) towards S1-C S1-U S1-U
the UE. X2-C
— The user Data Bearer (DRB) is setup either as: eNB gNB
X2-U
— Split bearer: using both LTE and NR radio
resources
— LTE only bearer: using only LTE radio resources DRB
— NR gNB terminates the S1-U user plane of the Split
SRB
bearer for the NR UE. DRB
— LTE eNB terminates the S1-U user plane of the LTE
only bearer.
User data
— The eNB and gNB have X2-C and X2-U connections,
NR UE Control
where the user data of Split bearer is carried over X2-U,
signalling
and control signaling overX2-C.
Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
Internal Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 6
| 2018-02-21
EN-DCArchitecture

EPC

S1

S1 S1-U S1-U
eNB
gNB
gNB
eNB X2
X2 NR cell
LTE Uu X2
NR cell
(SRB + DRB) LTE cell
NR Uu (DRB) LTE cell

— One LTE eNB may be connected to multiple NR gNBs

— One NR gNB may be connected to multiple LTE eNBs

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
Internal Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 7
| 2018-02-21
EN-DC Interfaces

S1-C (S1-AP) S1-U (GTP-U) S1-U (GTP-U) — RCF – Radio ControllerFunction

eNB gNB — Corresponds to 3GPP logical entity CU-CP
X2-AP (NR RRC)
RCF
in a gNB
RCF PPF
— CU-CP = Centralized Unit – ControlPlane
X2-U
PPF & RPF RPF — PPF – Packet Processing Function
— Corresponds to 3GPP logical entity CU-UP
LTE L1&L2 in a gNB
NR L1&L2
— CU-UP = Centralized Unit – User Plane
LTE RRC (NR RRC)
EN-DC
UE
— RPF – Radio Processing Function
— Corresponds to 3GPP logical entity DU in a
gNB
User plane
— DU = Distributed Unit
Control plane

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
Network Support for LTE-only and
EN-DC-CapableUEs
— EN-DC-capable UEs are connected with one of the
following:
— LTE-only DRB in areas with no NR coverage LTE only DRB Split DRB
— Split DRB and/or LTE-only DRB in areas with NR (Option 3x)
coverage
MeNB SgNB
— Configurable per QCI and ARP
— Possible to mix LTE-only and Split DRBs for LTE PDCP NR PDCP
the same UE
LTE RLC LTE RLC NR RLC
— Legacy LTE UEs are connected with the following:
— LTE –only DRB
LTE MAC NR MAC
— An eNB can support both UE types simultaneously.

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
 EN-DC Bearer TypeTransitions

NR Leg Setup
Initial Context (entering NR coverage)
Setup Release to Idle mode
MN terminated SN terminated
MCG DRB Split DRB
Release to Idle NR Leg Release
mode (leaving NR coverage)

— NR Leg Setup — NR Leg Release — Release to Idle mode

— Initial Context Setup
— Bearer is set up as — Bearer is reconfigured toan — Bearer type is changed to – UE is released to IDLE
MN terminated MCG SN terminated Split DRB MN terminated MCGDRB mode
DRB — Change of PDCPversion — Change of PDCPversion – Any resources for the
and security key and security key
— User plane data over Split DRB in the eNB and
LTE radio only — Measurement based setup — Triggered by e.g. NRRLF,
(B1) or configurationbased the gNB are released
setup (blind) NR Cell lock, LTE
handover
Deep Dive 5G NR-RAN Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 162
 Mid band

User Plane TransmissionModes (1/2)

DL Fast Switch DL DC Aggregation

PDCP PDCP PDCP

LTE
Leg NR Leg LTE NR Leg LTE NR Leg
Leg Leg

— DL Fast Switch: — DL DC Aggregation:

— DL user-data is sent in either LTE Leg or NR Leg — DL User data is sent in both LTE and NR Leg
— Leg switching is based on NR link quality — Flow control on both LTE and NR Leg will minimize the
— Good NR quality: Use NRLeg reordering in UE PDCP
— Poor NR quality: Use LTEleg

UL L1/L2 signaling on same leg as DL user data

DL transmission mode is controlled by operator parameter
Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
 Mid band

User Plane TransmissionModes (2/2)

— Uplink
— UL User Plane transmission for Split DRB controlled by operator parameter. Configurationis
signaled to UE via RRC at NR Leg Setup.
— always LTE (default)
— always NR

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
 Mid band

NR – Basic Numerology
— LTE: A single 15 kHz subcarrierspacing
— Normal and extended cyclic prefix Rel-15 supports the following numerologies
Data [kHz] SSB [kHz]
— NR supports sub-1GHz to several 10 GHz
< 6 GHz 15, 30, 60 15, 30
spectrum range → Multiple OFDMnumerologies
required > 6 GHz 60, 120 120, 240
— Flexible subcarrier spacing always a factor of Notes: 30 kHz subcarrier spacing is supported for
15kHz where n varies from 0 to 4 ( Δf=2n∙15 kHz ) Midband (< 6 GHz) in 18.Q4
— Scaled from LTE numerology
— Higher subcarrier spacing  Shorter symbols and
cyclic prefix
— Extended cyclic prefix only standardized for 60 kHz

15 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz 120 kHz 240 kHz

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
 High band

NR – Basic Numerology
— LTE: A single 15 kHz subcarrierspacing
— Normal and extended cyclic prefix Rel-15 supports the following numerologies
Data [kHz] SSB [kHz]
— NR supports sub-1GHz to several 10 GHz
spectrum range → Multiple OFDMnumerologies <6 GHz 15, 30, 60 15, 30
required >6 GHz 60, 120 120, 240
— Flexible subcarrier spacing always a factor of 15kHz
Notes: 120 kHz subcarrier spacing is supported for
where n varies from 0 to 4 ( Δf=2n∙15 kHz ) both data and SSB for Highband (> 6 GHz) in 18.Q4
— Scaled from LTE numerology
— Higher subcarrier spacing  Shorter symbols and
cyclic prefix
— Extended cyclic prefix only standardized for 60 kHz

15 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz 120 kHz 240 kHz

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
NR – Time/Frequency Structure
1 OFDM symbol = 71.35 µs (incl CP 4.69 µs)

— One slot = 14 symbols (NormalCP) 15 kHz

low band 1 slot = 1000 µs
— One resource block = 12 sub-carriers
1 OFDM symbol = 35.68 µs (incl CP 2.34 µs)
30 kHz
mid-band 1 slot = 500 µs

1 OFDM symbol = 8.92 µs (incl CP 0.59 µs)

120 kHz
mmW 125 µs

— Higher numerology  Shorter slot  Lower latency

— But also shorter cyclic prefix  Less robust to channeltime
dispersion
Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
 Mid band

TDD FrameStructure

— 3GPP NR supports FDD, dynamic TDD, and

TDD with semi-statically configured UL/DL
configuration:
PDCCH
— Supported TDD pattern in 18Q4 release:
C

D PDSCH/DMRS
— 3 DL slots and 1 UL slot with guard period in C
PUCCH
a slot where DL symbols are followed by UL D
PUSCH/DMRS
symbols. GP Guard Period
—n . n+1 n+2 n+3 n+4

C D D D D D D D D D D D D D C D D D D D D D D D D D D D C D D D D D D D D D D

D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

GP

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
NR Newtwork Deployment

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Different deployment types in the same network
Non-standalone in low-mid bands
• 4G and 5G in mid-low bands, similar coverage area
• Both technologies share the same radio site, connected to the
1 existing Core network
• Example of use cases: eMBB, FWA in wide areas

Non-standalone in mid-high bands

• 4G in low bands and 5G in high-bands, different coverage
2 areas
• 5G radios may be deployed in new site as needed
• Both technologies are connected to the existing Core network
• Example of use cases: eMBB, FWA in selected areas

Standalone 5G
4G in low-mid bands 5G low-mid bands 5G in high bands
• Initial 5G deployments in low bands, benefit from larger
3 coverage areas
• New 5G radio sites, connected to the new 5G Core
• Example of use cases: eMBB, FWA, Industrial IoT
Ericsson Internal |Considerations
5G Deployment 2018-02-21 | Commercial in Confidence | © Ericsson AB 2018 | Page 76/26
 Mid band

3.5 GHz NR-NSA Network Deployment

— One LTE eNB may be connected tomultiple NR

gNBs
— One NR gNB may be connected tomultiple LTE
eNBs
— NR cell selection based on:
— UE measurement based
— operator configured LTE-NR cellrelation
— One gNB initially supports one NR RRU/cell,
thus 3 gNBs are required to cover a 3-sector
configuration.
— Each NR cell requires one AIR6488. NR

LTE

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
 High band

39 GHz NR-NSA Network Deployment

— One LTE eNB may be connected tomultiple NR

gNBs
— One NR gNB may be connected tomultiple LTE
eNBs
— NR cell selection based on:
— UE measurement based
— operator configured LTE-NR cellrelation
— In N18.Q4 one gNB supports one NRRRU/cell,
thus 3 gNBs are required to cover a 3-sector
configuration.
— Each NR cell requires one AIR 5331. NR
LTE

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
All Ericsson Radio System products are 5G ready
Output power

Ericsson Radio System Radios Spectrum

5G 4G
Sharing
22xx, 44xx and 88xx

Baseband 52xx, 66xx Frequency

Output power
and 63xx
Dynamic
5G NR verification based Spectrum
Sharing
4G & 5G

on market demand
Frequency
Activate 5G NR with remote Source: Measurement results from Radio 2217

software installation

Easy migration to 5G
>150
in existing bands radio variants in more
than 190 networks
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Radio portfolio
2018 2019 2020
FDD Dual 2242/ 2238/
Classic Radio Bands 4443
TB/MB
4480
Classic portfolio includes New FDD/TDD radios
TDD/FDD SB, DB, TB, MB; 8823/
2T, 4T and 8T TDD 4T4R 4418 8T8R
8836

Massive MIMO FDD 32T 3246 32T 3246

New multiband and
Mid band comprises multi system antenna
<6GHz portfolio both 6488/ radios incl., 16TR
TDD & FDD TDD 64T 6468 64T/32T
3239

mmW 5322/1281/6701
High band is primarily the 5121/5131 New mmWave radios
(street macro)
mmWave portfolio

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

<6G TDD AAS product evolution

AIR 6468 Air 6488 Air 6449

— IBW/CWB:200Mhz
New Air
— Power: up to 200W
— ~20% lighter than 6488
— More integrated digital & RF
solution
— IBW/CBW: 60Mhz — IBW/CBW:100Mhz — NR support Real size comparison
— Power: up to 120W — Power : up to 200W — eCPRI support from 6468 to New Air
— Rich band variance — 3GPP, FCC, CEPT
— 3GPP, FCC, CEPT compliance
compliance ( — ~20% smaller/lighter
specific band ) — eCPRI support — Massive MIMO AIR
— eCPRI support with 16T16R
— Massive MIMO AIR
with 32T32R

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

mmWave product evolution

Next
AIR 5331 AIR 5322 AIR 1281 AIR 6701 All integrated
All integrated

— SOC Integration
— Pole/Wall — Reduced size &
— Flexible deployment — Pole/Wall weight
— C-RAN — V-RAN — Increased capacity
— D-RAN — No CRAN — V-RAN
— Ethernet — Ethernet
— Introduction of New
— Lower TCO
PAAM Techniques
— 3GPP Ready*
— Flexible deployment
— C-RAN
— D-RAN
Higher integration

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

NR Transport Architecture

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

TransportOverview

— Baseband Transport has feature parity between eNodeB

(RadioNode) and gNodeB (5GRadioNode)
— All TN ports can be used simultaneously, either for resiliency or for
connecting site equipment etc. Connectivity of site equipment may be

TRANSPORT NETWORK
achieved using routing orbridging.
— Flexible IP address and VLAN configuration for all traffic types. Both
IPv4 and IPv6 supported.
eNodeB MME
— Virtual Routing is supported as an enabler for traffic separation
— IPSec
— BFD, Link Aggregation(LAG), Ethernet OAMsupported
— Traffic Management
SGW/
— Synchronization Support PGW

— TWAMP Initiator and Responder, Transport PathCharacteristics gNodeB

Monitoring (TPCM)
— Observability and Troubleshooting feature (Packet Capture,Port
Mirroring, HiCap tracesetc.)

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 Mid band

NR NSA Transport Interface Requirements

Cell1 Cell2 Cell3
Cell1’ Cell2’ Cell3’

AIR 6488 AIR 6488 AIR 6488

C2(eCPRI)
CPRI 2/3*10 Gb/s
including XMUs

eNB gNB gNB gNB

Ipsec is
supported on
S1-UP S1-UP 3.4 Gbps gNB.
X2 2 Gb/s X2 2.0 Gb/s The feature
Direct X2
Router
IPSec is
6672/6675
however not
10 Gb/s supported.
Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
 High band

NR NSA Transport Interface Requirements

Cell1 Cell2 Cell3
Cell1’ Cell2’ Cell3’

AIR 5331 AIR 5331 AIR 5331

CPRI C1
including XMUs 4*10.1
Gb/s

gNB (BB gNB (BB gNB (BB Ipsec is

eNB 6630) 6630) 6630) supported on
gNB.
S1-UP S1-UP 2.1 Gbps + LTE UP The feature
X2 (Defined by LTE UP) X2 (Defined by LTE UP) Direct X2
IPSec is
Site
however not
Router
supported.
10 Gb/s

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
 Mid band

NR NSA SyncSolution
AlternativesolutionswitheNBorR6KasGM andIEEE1588supported.
Cell1 Cell2 Cell3
Cell1’ Cell2’ Cell3’

AIR 6488 AIR 6488 AIR 6488

CPRI C2
GPS
including XMUs 2*10 Gb/s

eNB gNB gNB gNB

S1-UP S1-UP 3.4 Gbps RAN

X2 1-2 Gb/s X2 2.0 Gb/s Grandmaster
Router
PTP
6672/6675
Slaves
10 Gb/s Telecom
Boundary
Clock

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
NR Gains & Performance
Peak L2 Throughput(Mbps)
Downlink, Single-layer
Peak L2 Throughput (Mbps)
Downlink, Single-layer
450,00
400,00
350,00
300,00
250,00
200,00
150,00
100,00
50,00
0,00
1 DMRS 1+1 DMRS 1 DMRS 1+1 DMRS
64QAM 256QAM
20 40 60 80 100

— For multiple layers, the single-layer peak throughput is scaled by the number of layers.
— Supported configuration in 2018Q4:
— 20/100MHz BW, 1+1 DMRS and up to 2 layers ➔ 725 Mbps *
— Up to 4 layers in demo/limited field trial ➔ 1.4 Gbps *
• Note: Throughput provided by NR leg. The throughput provided by LTE leg may be aggregated with NR leg through LTE-NR Dual connectivity. LTE
CA is supported pending UE capability.
Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
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| 2018-02-21
Peak L2 Throughput(Mbps)
Uplink, Single-layer
Peak L2 Throughput (Mbps)
Uplink, Single-layer
140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
20 40 60 80 100

64QAM 1 DMRS 64QAM 1+1 DMRS

20/100MHz BW/1+1 DMRS is supported in 2018-Q4.

Deep Dive
Ericsson 5G NR-RAN
Internal Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 41
| 2018-02-21
 NR & LTE

All deployments With massive MIMO In mmW bands

— 10-30% higher peak spectral — Improved MU-MIMO performance — Optimized numerology
efficiency1 — Beamformed control channels for — Support for analogue BF
— Up to 3x cell-edge rates coverage
at low load2 — Better TDD feedback
— Faster response times (URLLC)
— Increased energy efficiency

NR NR
Performance

LTE
NR
LTE
No
LTE
1 Full utilization requires NR optimized radio
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
2 On a 2/4Tx baseline. Less for massive MIMO
 FDD Peak Rates (DL)
— NR has 12-20% higher peak spectral efficiency due to
— Higher spectrum utilization
— More flexible overhead (control channels, reference symbols)

Peak Data Rate (2x2) NR spectral efficiency gain over LTE

400 374 25,00%
350 312
LTE NR
Peak data rate [Mbps]

300 20,00%

Normalized SE
250
15,00%
200 182
156 10,00%
150
100 78 88
5,00%
50
0 0,00%
10 MHz 20 MHz 40 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 40 MHz

2x2 antenna configuration for all systems

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Overhead dimensioned for single user
 System Performance

— LTE & NR with same bandwidth and antenna configuration

3GPP Uma
— Lean transmission gives higher cell-edge & median datarate at low load 20MHz, 2x2 MIMO
— NR has higher peak rate due to higher spectrum utilization

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

FDD MU-MIMO

MU-MIMO gain for 32Tx in Umi [%]

— NR MU-MIMO CSI feedback has been further
120
enhanced
— 4 vs. 2 orthogonal beams 100 97

— More accurate CSI feedback

— CQI feedback for MU-MIMO 80

60
— Maximum # MU-MIMO users increased
— LTE: up to 8 MU-MIMO layers with pseudo-orthogonal 40 35
28
DMRS
20
— NR: up to 12 MU-MIMO layers with orthogonal DMRS 9
ports (RAN1#88) 0 0
0
LTE Rel-14 LTE Rel-14 NR MU-MIMO
SU-MIMO MU-MIMO
Mean UTP Gain [%] Cell edge UTP gain [%}

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

4x4x2 (V x H x P) array with 2x1 sub-elements
 Peak and Average DL Throughput for NR and LTE
— Peak and Average DL Throughput for NR and LTE in 900 MHz
100 900 MHz 10MHz – NR – Peak Rate
900 MHz 10MHz – NR – Average Rate
83 Mbps 900 MHz 10MHz – LTE – Peak Rate
Downlink User Peak and Average Throughput (Mbps)

900 MHz 10MHz – LTE – Average Rate

77 Mbps
75

63 Mbps

50
41 Mbps

25

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

0 2 4 6 8 10
Av. BH Capacity per Sector (Mbps)
 Peak and Average DL Throughput for NR and LTE
— Peak and Average DL Throughput for 64T64R NR and LTE in The C-Band
800 AIR 6488 – 200 W – NR – Peak Rate
AIR 6488 – 200 W – NR – Average Rate
AIR 6488 – 200 W – LTE – Peak Rate
Downlink User Peak and Average Throughput (Mbps)

660 Mbps
AIR 6488 – 200 W – LTE – Average Rate
632 Mbps
600

439 Mbps

400

286 Mbps

200

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Av. BH Capacity per Sector (Mbps)
NR Functionalities

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

LTE Mobility - Overview
— LTE Mobility for EN-DC capable UE without SplitDRB:
— LTE coverage triggered handovers and LTE RRC Re-establishment as in legacyLTE
— Load management actions (IF and IRAT handovers) can be disabled for EN-DC capable UEs

— LTE Mobility for EN-DC capable UE with SplitDRB:

— LTE Intra-frequency handover supported:
— The NR Leg for a Split DRB is released at reception of first A3 Measurement Report (neighbor
cell becomes better than serving cell), SN terminated Split bearers are reconfigured to MN
terminated MCG DRBs.
— LTE intra-frequency handover is performed as in legacy LTE at reception of the next A3
measurement report.
— After the LTE handover is completed a blind or measurement based NR Leg Setup is initiated

— LTE Inter-frequency and IRAT handovers are prevented when triggered by measurementreports

— RRC Re-establishment requests are rejected and UE will move to Idle mode.
Deep Dive 5G NR-RAN Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 187
 Mobility
Intra-freq
Event A3 (2)
Intra-freq
Event A3 (1)

NR NR Cell A NR Cell B NR Cell C

frequency B1 report
(NR Cell C)

LTE LTE Cell B

LTE Cell A
frequency B1 report (NR
Cell C)
B1 report (NR
Cell B)
NR RLF NR RLF NR RLF
UE enters RRC
connected mode Legacy LTE HO

NR Leg NR Leg NR Leg NR Leg NR Leg NR Leg

Release NR Setup NR Release NR Setup NR NR Leg
Release Release NR
NR Leg Setup Cell A. Cell B Cell B. Cell C. Setup NR
NR CellC. Cell C.
Cell A Cell C.

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Radio Link Failure (RLF)
UE MeNB SgNB EPC
— UE detectedRLF:
— Not possible to synch to NR cell(scg-ChangeFailure) UE detected RLF
— T304 is started at reception of SCG configuration at NR LegSetup
— T304 is stopped at successful random access. Suspend SCG
— T304 expiry -> radio link failure
SCG Failure Indication NR
— RLC UL delivery failure (RLC-MaxNumRetx)
— Number of UL RLC retransmissions exceeds a threshold(maxRetxThresholds)
— Out of synchronization (t310-Expiry)
— UE monitors SSB and counts “in-synch” and “out-of-synch” indications. MeNB initiated NR Leg Release
— N310 consecutive “out-of-synch” indications starts timer T310
— N311 consecutive “in-synch” indication stops timer T310
— T310 expiry -> radio link failure
Network detected RLF
— Network detectedRLF
— RLC DL delivery failure
— Number of DL RLC retransmissions exceeds a threshold SgNB initiated NR Leg Release

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Inactivity Supervision

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 InactivitySupervision
— SgNB:
SgNB Inactivity
Timer = 5 seconds — The PDCP layer monitors inactivity of each
tInactivityTimer S1-U Split DRB. State changes are reported to
MeNB SgNB higher layers in gNB.
UE — Change of activity state (Active/Inactive) is
active/inactive X2: SgNB Activity Notification Split DRB(s)
active/inactive reported to MeNB over X2 taking all Split
DRBs into account.

PDCP
— MeNB:
MCG DRB(s) Split DRB(s)
— eNB ignores legacy inactivity reporting on
DRB Split DRB LTE leg for Split DRBs
Split DRB NR leg
active/inactive — eNB considers both MCG DRBs and Split
LTE leg
RLC RLC DRBs when starting and stopping legacy
timer tInactivityTimer
— At expiry of tInactivityTimer the UE is
released to IDLE mode.
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EN-DC UserPlane
Functionality

Deep Dive 5G NR-RAN Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 193
UP FunctionalityOverview
— Downlink
— DL Leg switching LTE <-> NR based on NR link quality estimates (Fast switching)
— Good NR quality: DL UP in NR Leg
— Poor NR quality: DL UP in LTE Leg
— Flow control
— DL DC Aggregation
— Uplink
— UL UP transmission for Split DRB controlled by operator parameter. Configuration is signaled to UE
via RRC at NR LegSetup.
— always LTE (default)
— always NR

Deep Dive 5G NR-RAN Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 194
 DL TransmissionModes for Split DRB - Overview
DL Fast Switch DL DC Aggregation

PDCP PDCP PDCP

LTE
Leg NR Leg LTE NR Leg LTE NR Leg
Leg Leg

— DL Fast Switch: — DL DC Aggregation:

— DL user-data is sent in either LTE Leg or NR Leg — DL User data is sent in both LTE and NR Leg
— Leg switching is based on NR link quality — Flow control on both LTE and NR Leg will minimize the
— Good NR quality: Use NRLeg reordering in UE PDCP
— Poor NR quality: Use LTEleg

UL L1/L2 signaling on same leg as DL user data

DL transmission mode “DL DC Aggregation” is controlled by a gNB license
Deep Dive 5G NR-RAN Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 196
 DL Fast Switch for the Split DRB
At NR Leg Setup PDCP will start to transmit Poor NR quality detected or no NR CQI
DL user data in the NR Leg after successful reports received in UL: an immediate
NR Random Access. switch to Single LTE Leg is triggered.

Poor NR quality
Lack of NR CQI
reports Single Leg
Single Leg RLF The quality of the NR DL link is continuously
monitored for Split bearers.
NR LTE NR DL quality is based on CQI reports. Samples are
Good NR quality
AND prohibit filtered over time.
timer expired — Poor NR quality: DL NR quality < threshold
— Good NR quality: DL NR quality >
RLC DL Delivery Failure (RLF) threshold + hysteresis
detected: SgNB requests NR Leg
Good NR quality detected: A switch
Release via X2.
to Single NR Leg is triggered after a
prohibit timer has expired.

— UL is either LTE or NR based on configuration

Deep Dive 5G NR-RAN Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 198
 DL DCAggregation
At NR Leg Setup PDCP will start to Poor NR quality detected:
transmit DL user data in the NR Leg Resend non-acknowledged
packets in the LTE Leg
Poor NR quality, lack of
NR CQI reports
Single Leg Single Leg RLF

NR Good NR quality LTE

PDCP buffer age PDCP buffer

> threshold empty
Poor NR quality, lack of LTE Leg PDCP
NR CQI reports
NR Leg

Aggregation
RLC
Packets in PDCP buffer RLC
older than threshold: LTE + NR PDCP buffer empty:
Start to schedule DL data Start next transmission MeNB SgNB
on both legs according to in Single NR Leg
Flow Control feedback
information. FC Feedback: highest successfully
delivered PDCP sequence number
UL is either LTE or NR based on configuration
Deep Dive 5G NR-RAN Release 2018 Q4 | Commercial in confidence | 6/2882-560/FCP 131 5500 Uen, Rev PD15 | 2018-09-11 | Page 199
 High band

DL DCAggregation

— DL DC Aggregation is not supported for highband

— previous slide is only applicable for mid band and should be removed when presented for high band
customers

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LTE & NR Power Sharing

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LTE & NR Power Sharing

— For Split DRBs the UL Tx power needs to be shared between LTE (MCG) and NR (SCG).

— Support for “dynamic power sharing” is indicated in UE capabilities per LTE+NR band combination.
— UEs capable of Dynamic power sharing:
— If LTE and NR data are scheduled at the same time UE will prioritize LTE transmission and scale
down/drop NR transmission power so that its total power will not exceed configured max values
for each RAT.

— UEs not capable of Dynamic power sharing:

— Network need to configure a maximum power for LTE and NR such that the sum does not exceed
the UE capability in case the UE transmits on both RATs at the same time.

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EN-DC Power Settings for Split DRB

— Power setting 1: UE is capable of dynamic powersharing

— P-LTE: Set to MIN(EN-DC power class, LTE powerclass)
— P-NR: Set to MIN(EN-DC power class, NR powerclass)

— Power setting 2: UE is not capable of dynamic powersharing

— P-LTE and P-NR set by the network such that P-LTE + P-NR ≤ EN-DC power class

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VOLTE/CSFB Support

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VoLTE Support
— Configuration of Split DRB is operator controlled per QCI and QCI5 QCI1 QCI9
ARP, e.g.
— QCI 5: MCGbearer
— QCI 1: MCGbearer LTE PDCP LTE PDCP NR PDCP
— QCI 9: Split DRB

LTE RLC LTE RLC LTE RLC NR RLC

— An EN-DC capable UE can be configured with a mix of MN
terminated MCG bearers and SN terminated Splitbearers.

LTE MAC NR MAC

— VoLTE call + simultaneous NR data supported with limited
performance:
— TTI bundling cannot be activated
— Limited support for LTE mobility with many RRC
reconfigurations
— RRC Re-establishment triggers UE release to idle mode Only for trial activities due to limited VoLTE
— X2 link break triggers UE release to idle mode performance!

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Support forCSFB

— CSFB from idle mode

— Supported as in legacy LTE

— CSFB in connected mode

— Supported as in legacy LTE for EN-DC capable UE with no Split DRB
— CSFB request from core network rejected for EN-DC capable UE with SplitDRB

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