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Class 11 Maths Ch-3 Notes

The document provides information about trigonometric functions including angles, circular and degree measurement systems, trigonometric ratios for common angles, domain and range of trigonometric functions, and formulas for sums and differences of trigonometric functions.

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147 views16 pages

Class 11 Maths Ch-3 Notes

The document provides information about trigonometric functions including angles, circular and degree measurement systems, trigonometric ratios for common angles, domain and range of trigonometric functions, and formulas for sums and differences of trigonometric functions.

Uploaded by

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Class 11
Mathematics
Unit: Trigonometric functions.

★Angles:-
Angle is a measure of rotation of a given ray about its initial point.
The original ray is called the initial side and the final position of the
ray after rotation is called the Terminal side of the angle.

Degree measure
★
One sixtieth of a degree is Called a minute, written as 1′, and one
sixtieth of a minute is called a second, written as 1″.

Thus, 1° = 60′, 1′ = 60″.

Circular system (radian measure):


★
A radian is an angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc,
whose length is equal to the radius of the circle. We denote 1 radian
by 1°.

Relation Between Radian and Degree:


★

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We know that a complete circle subtends at its centre an angle


whose measure is 2π radians as well as 360°.
2π radian = 360°.
Hence, π radian = 180°
Or 1 radian = 57° 16′ 21″ (approx)
1 degree = 0.01746 radian.

★ Notational Convention:
Thus, π=180⁰ and π/4 =45⁰ are written with the
understanding that π and π/4 are radian measure.
Thus , we can say that
Radian measure=π/180 × degree measure
Degree measure= 180/π × radian measure .
Question –1. Convert 90 degrees to radians.

Solution: Given, 90 degrees is the angle


Angle in radian = Angle in degree x (π/180)
= 90 x (π/180)
= π/2. Hence, 90 degrees is equal to π/2 in radian.
Question -2 . Convert π/6 into degrees.
Solution: Using the formula,

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π/6 × (180/π) = 180/6 = 30 degrees.

★Trigonometric functions:
Trigonometric functions are also known as Circular Functions
can be simply defined as the functions of an angle of a
triangle.

We have discussed the values of trigonometric ratios for 0°,


30°, 45°, 60° and 90°.The values of trigonometric functions for these
angles are same, we have athe following table:

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★Sign of trigonometric functions:


Trigonometric ratios are defined for acute angles as the ratio of the
sides of a right angled triangle. The signs of trigonometric function in
different quadrants have been given in following table:

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Domain and Range of Trigonometric Functions:

From the definition of sineAnd cosine functions, we observe that


they are defined for all real numbers x.

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Graphic representation of trigonometric functions:

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cosecx

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★SOME FORMULAE REGARDING COMPOUND


ANGLES:
Angle made up of the sum or difference of two or more angles is
called compound angles. The basic results in direction are called
trigonometric identities as given below:

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★
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF SUM AND DIFFERENCE
OF TWO ANGLES:

1. sin (– x) = – sin x
2. cos (– x) = cos x
3. cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y
4 . cos (x – y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y
5. cos (π/2–x) = sinx
6.sin(π/2–x) = cosx
7. sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y
8. sin (x – y) = sin x cos y – cos x sin y

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If we replace y by –y, in the Identity 7, we get the result.


9. By taking suitable values of x and y in the identities 3, 4, 7 and 8,
we get theFollowing results:

10.

11. tan ( x – y) = tanx–tany / 1+ tan x – tan y.


12. If none of the angles x, y and (x + y) is a multiple of π, then

13.

14.

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cos 2x = cos²x – sin² x = 2 cos² x – 1 = 1 – 2 sin²x = 1–tan²x / 1+ tan²x

15.
sin 2x = 2 sinx cos x = 2tanx / 1+tan²x

16.

17. sin 3x = 3sinx –4sin³x

18. Cos3x =4cos³x – 3 cosx

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19.

20.

21.(i) 2 cos x cos y = cos (x + y) + cos (x – y)


(ii) –2 sin x sin y = cos (x + y) – cos (x – y)
(iii) 2 sin x cos y = sin (x + y) + sin (x – y)
(iv) 2 cos x sin y = sin (x + y) – sin (x – y).

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Question-1-

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Question 2-

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Question 3-

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